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GEOG 101 2/2/2014 Instructor: Pesses 1 24| Global Biogeography Geography 101 Physical Geography: Earth’s Surface Landscapes M. Pesses, Antelope Valley College Part V – The Living Earth Today Biome basics Major biomes of the world Altering biomes Geoengineering Biomes A large stable, terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem characterized by specific plant and animal communities Named for dominant vegetation Most visible part of the biotic landscape Terrestrial ecosystems Plants are the most visible part of the biotic landscape Reflect Earth’s physical systems Insolation amounts Water quantity Geomorphic processes

Biomes Terrestrial ecosystemsavconline.avc.edu/mpesses/pdfs/geog101/geog101lec24.pdf · Sclerophyll Forest Mediterranean Climate Sclerophyll Plants adapted to survive drought by minimizing

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Page 1: Biomes Terrestrial ecosystemsavconline.avc.edu/mpesses/pdfs/geog101/geog101lec24.pdf · Sclerophyll Forest Mediterranean Climate Sclerophyll Plants adapted to survive drought by minimizing

GEOG 101 2/2/2014

Instructor: Pesses 1

24| Global Biogeography

Geography 101Physical Geography: Earth’s Surface Landscapes

M. Pesses, Antelope Valley College

Part V – The Living Earth

Today

Biomebasics Majorbiomesoftheworld

Alteringbiomes Geoengineering

Biomes

Alargestable,terrestrialoraquaticecosystemcharacterizedbyspecificplantandanimalcommunities

Namedfordominantvegetation Mostvisiblepartofthebioticlandscape

Terrestrial ecosystems

Plantsarethemostvisiblepartofthebioticlandscape ReflectEarth’sphysicalsystems Insolationamounts Waterquantity Geomorphicprocesses

Page 2: Biomes Terrestrial ecosystemsavconline.avc.edu/mpesses/pdfs/geog101/geog101lec24.pdf · Sclerophyll Forest Mediterranean Climate Sclerophyll Plants adapted to survive drought by minimizing

GEOG 101 2/2/2014

Instructor: Pesses 2

Major Terrestrial Biomes

Vegetation(andspecies)mappedis“ideal” Priortohumanalteration

Notexoticspecies

Exotic Species

Speciesofplantsoranimalsnotnativetoanecosystem

Killer Bees

BeesfromAfricaintroducedtoBrazilinthe1950s

TheAmericasarehometoEuropeanHoneyBees

Thetwogroupsbred Making“Africanized”HoneyBees

Biomes

5principleterrestrialbiomes1. Forest2. Savanna3. Grassland4. Desert5. Tundra

Forest Biome

Importantformations: Low‐latituderainforest Sclerophyllforest

Page 3: Biomes Terrestrial ecosystemsavconline.avc.edu/mpesses/pdfs/geog101/geog101lec24.pdf · Sclerophyll Forest Mediterranean Climate Sclerophyll Plants adapted to survive drought by minimizing

GEOG 101 2/2/2014

Instructor: Pesses 3

Low-Latitude Rainforest

Wrapsaroundtheequator

Accountfor½ofEarth’sremainingforests

Biomassislocatedhighinthetreecanopy Insolation

Biodiversity

Biodiversity Biodiversity

Page 4: Biomes Terrestrial ecosystemsavconline.avc.edu/mpesses/pdfs/geog101/geog101lec24.pdf · Sclerophyll Forest Mediterranean Climate Sclerophyll Plants adapted to survive drought by minimizing

GEOG 101 2/2/2014

Instructor: Pesses 4

Sclerophyll Forest

MediterraneanClimate

Sclerophyll Plantsadaptedtosurvivedroughtbyminimizingtranspiration

Sclerophyll Forest

Chaparral Generalvegetationinthisbiome

Leatheryleaves,short,well‐developedroots Variesbetweenwoodyshrubsandgrassywoodlands

Manzanita,oaktrees,poisonoak

Sclerophyll Forest

Regionsofhighfiredanger inthesummer Thebiomeactuallyseemstobewelladaptedtofire Quickrecoveryafterwards

NativeAmericanfireecology Improveseedharvests Controlvegetation Herdgame

DesertBiome

Page 5: Biomes Terrestrial ecosystemsavconline.avc.edu/mpesses/pdfs/geog101/geog101lec24.pdf · Sclerophyll Forest Mediterranean Climate Sclerophyll Plants adapted to survive drought by minimizing

GEOG 101 2/2/2014

Instructor: Pesses 5

Deserts

AdaptationstosurviveinharshclimatesXerophytic plants

Adaptedtoliveindryplaceswithbrief,intenserainyseason

Deserts

AdaptationstosurviveinharshclimatesBiologicalwarfare

Creosotebushes Rootsspreadtoxinstolimitcompetitionwithotherplants

Page 6: Biomes Terrestrial ecosystemsavconline.avc.edu/mpesses/pdfs/geog101/geog101lec24.pdf · Sclerophyll Forest Mediterranean Climate Sclerophyll Plants adapted to survive drought by minimizing

GEOG 101 2/2/2014

Instructor: Pesses 6

Altering Biomes

Again,theseareideallandscapesfrom“pristine”times Humanityhasdramaticallyalteredthesevegetationregimesthroughagricultureanddevelopment

Human Footprint

Remaining Wilderness Green Biomass

DeforestationDeforestation in Borneo

Page 7: Biomes Terrestrial ecosystemsavconline.avc.edu/mpesses/pdfs/geog101/geog101lec24.pdf · Sclerophyll Forest Mediterranean Climate Sclerophyll Plants adapted to survive drought by minimizing

GEOG 101 2/2/2014

Instructor: Pesses 7

DesertificationThreats to Biodiversity

http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/california_floristic/Pages/default.aspx

Changing Vegetation

Humansareapowerfulforce…

Geoengineering

“purposefulhumanactivitythatsignificantlyaltersthestateoftheEarth”(Lovelock2008) Fireecology Greenhouseemissions&slowingclimatechange?

Page 8: Biomes Terrestrial ecosystemsavconline.avc.edu/mpesses/pdfs/geog101/geog101lec24.pdf · Sclerophyll Forest Mediterranean Climate Sclerophyll Plants adapted to survive drought by minimizing

GEOG 101 2/2/2014

Instructor: Pesses 8

Your futures

Let’sassume… You’renotswallowedbytheEarth Encasedinvolcanicash Ravagedbykillerbees Infectedwithmigratingmalaria

Your futures

Takeadvantageofthistime! Findworkyoulovedoing!

Andrememberglobalization…

Embracespatialintelligence!


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