Biomechanics of Sport! Aidan Bowe

8/13/2019 Biomechanics of Sport! Aidan Bowe

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Biomechanics Of Sport!Aidan Bowe


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Motion

Motion is the movement of an object and can be divided into 3 sub-catagories:-

Linear Motion

Angular Motion

General Motion


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Linear Motion

This is when a body moves in a straight or curved line, with all the partsmoving in the same direction, the same distance and at the same speed.

There are many examples of this that are evident in sport.

An obvious example is a performer sitting in a toboggan going straight down ahill- evidence o straight line linear motion.

Another example is a performer competing in the Skelton Bob, going around

the track- an example of curved linear motion of the body
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Angular Motion

This is when the body or part of the body moves in a whole, or part, circularmotion about a particular point which is also referred to as the axis of

rotation.

Again there are examples of this type of motion in sport.

One example is the uneven bars in gymnastics. The performer is partaking in

angular motion around the bar, therefore the bar is the axis of rotation.

A second example is the front crawl in swimming, the arm is rotating in thewater therefore the should joint is the axis of rotation.


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General motion

This is the combination of both linear and angular motion in one movement.

This is the most commonly seen motion as most actions in sport require both

types of movement in order to be fluid and efficient.

A javelin throw is a great example of general motion.

The torso and javelin show linear motion as the move in the same direction,at the same distance and same speed.

The should and ankle joints show angular motion with the joints being the

two axis of rotation for the arm and foot.


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Force

Force can perfrom one of the 3 functions:-

Cause a body at rest to move

Cause a moving body to change direction, accelerate and decelerate

Change an objects shape

The extent to which forces have on the functions above are dependant onwhere the force is applied, size and direction of the applied force.

The latter variable will have the most obvious effect on change of motion inregards to Newtons Laws Of Motion

Line of application of force will also affect the subsequent motion in relationto centre of mass.


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Newtons Law of Motion

Without force, there can be no motion

This quote from Newton Emphasises the direct relation between motion and

force, and is explained in more detail by his 3 laws of motion.

These laws goven the characteristics of all motion in sport.


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Newtons 1stLaw- Law Of Inertia

A Body continues in state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an

external force

This can be explained in a sporting example, a penalty kick in football.

The body (the football) continues in a state of rest (on the penalty spot) untilacted upon by an external force (the footballers boot)


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Newtons 2ndLaw- Law of acceleration

when a force acts on an object, the rate of change of movement

experienced by the object is proportional to the size of force and takes place

in the direction in which the force acts

Continuing with the penalty kick example, the law can be explained.

Force acts upon the object (force of the footballers boot on the ball), the rate of

change in motion (acceleration of the ball) is proportional to the size of the force

(harder shot means quicker speed of shot) and takes direction in which the forceacts (the ball will accelerate towards the goal


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Newtons 3rdlaw

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Whenever an object exerts a force onto an other, there will be an opposite

and equal reaction exerted by the second on the first.

Continuing with the sporting example, the penalty hits the crossbar, for everyaction (ball hitting the bar) there is an equal and opposite reaction (the

crossbar exerts an equal force to rebound the ball away from the goal.

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Biomechanics of Sport! Aidan Bowe