Biomass Towm Concept Pilot Project: in Thailand

(Loei & Nongkhai Province)

Biomass Biomass TowmTowm ConceptConcept Pilot Project: in ThailandPilot Project: in Thailand

((LoeiLoei & & NongkhaiNongkhai ProvinceProvince))

Ministry of Agriculture Cooperation, Thailand Ministry of Agriculture Forest and Fishery, Japan

The Problems Diagnosis

Farmers Government (National)

-

Low income

-

low productive area,

-

high input,

-

unstable & low price

-

High energy consumption

-

100% Fossil fuel importing -

few hydro plant,

-

few gasifier (lack of biomass)

-

Green house gas emission

Needs Diagnosis Farmers Government (National Plans)

-

Alternating new crops,

with

-

higher productiveness,

-

low to medium input,

-

stable price

-

Higher income

-

Based on sufficient

economic

-

Energy strategies

-

10% reduce fossil fuel by

using bio-energy (bio-ethanol,

bio-diesel) -

renewable energy

-

Green town concept

-

CDM project

Needs Scenario

Pilot Model (DOA)

National Strategies (MOE)

(MOAC)

Farmer needs

International Strategies (Japanese Biomass Town Concept)

The key issues facing the Biomass Town Concepts: The key issues facing the The key issues facing the Biomass Town Concepts:Biomass Town Concepts:

Zero Waste- Re-structure- Re-use- Recycle

Carbon Reduction- Reduce GHC Emission- Utilization- Renewable energy

Sustainable Agriculture- New Theory (Environmental friendly)

- Self Sufficient Economic- Help-self

Community 

Composting

Facility

Biomass Town Concept Image in Na Duang

District, Loei

Palm 

crushing mill

Farm land Process

Cassava Dry 

Yard

House hold

Animal wasteGarbage(‐t/HH/d)

Farm land (3‐5ha)

Oil palm(750ha)

Cassava(4,400ha)

Corn(23,700ha)

Pig farm

Rice(2,500ha)

Biogas plant(liquid fertilizer)

Biomass(Waste)

Biomass

Farmers’

own 

consumption

Oil for kitchen Use 

(‐‐kg/HH/d)

Refinery

Fertilizer

Home composting

Domestic use/ power 

plant / other area

Local use for vehicle

Local use forhousehold

GHG emission 

reduction

GHG emission reduction/ 

Cost saving of households

GHG emission 

reduction

Cost saving of farmers/Sustainable farming

Organic fertilizer

GHG emission 

reduction

Chickens (‐kg/head/d)Cows (‐kg/head/d)Pigs (‐kg/head/d)

Palm oil

(3,000t/y)

BDF 

(1,500t/y)

StemRoot

CornCorn cobCorn cob

Rice straw

Rice MillPaddy

Rice husk

/bran

Organic fertiliser

(??t/y)

Biogas

Animal feedPlant (fermentation)

Animal feed

Human waste 

digester 

Centralized

Corn Dry 

Yard

Residue(7,000t/y)

Liquid fertiliser

Existing facility New facilities to be installed

DOA 

Analysis on  

application 

method

The Main Concepts

Biomass Town Concept in Thailand

1. Restructure for Agricultural System; - Change from paddy field (low productive area)

to oil palm - Based on The King’s New Agriculture Theory

2. Biomass Management and Utilization

3. Revolving Fund and Educating

The Pilot Model Concept

Four steps from Japanese Biomass Town Concept

1. Educating farmers & local government

2. Project setup and management

3. Local Premium Market management

4. Agro-tourism, to present about: - Biomass town concept - Impact to environment - high QC products producing unit

Educating Farmers & Local Gov.

1. Farmer groups setting (How, what activities etc) - oil palm planting group - Cattle groups (with local government) - Organic crops

2. CDM concepts (with local government) - Biomass town concept (Green town concept) - Renewable energy concept

3. Crop production training - oil palm seedling nursery management - field management for plantations - farm account

Project Setup

Why oil palm will use as alternative crops???-high oil production per area (>2.5 tons CPO / ha) - less workers- medium input- good price

Is it suitable for NE Thailand ?????????- can grow only between 10oN-10oS ??????- low relative humidity in NE, it can be fruiting- long drought period, oil palm need water > 200 mm/day

Project Setup

How to start?????- Soil survey and land evaluation technique were

applied; (follows FAO Guide line)

- Suitable area for oil palm was characterized by; - low productive area for paddy and field crop, - coarse texture top soil, - high ground water table, < 1 m from surface

- To find out the answer

Dominikan

(2.45)

15o

S

0o

15o N

30o

N

30o

S(….) Average Production (ton.rai-1.year-1)

Honduras (4.04)

Mexico (2.53)

10o N

10o N

FAO, 200513

Traditional area for Oil palm

Nongkhai

(2.70)Kanchanaburi

(2.85)

Malaysia (3,20)Indonesia (2.91)

1 Unit 60,000 rai

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Expected Expected

YieldYield

(ton/(ton/rairai))

IrrigationIrrigation

AreaArea

((raisrais))

RainfedRainfed

AreaArea

((raisrais))

TotalTotal

AreaArea

((raisrais))

> 3.5 > 3.5 15,43915,439 81,15581,155 96,59496,594

2.52.5--3.53.5 42,92442,924 59,54359,543 102,467102,467

1.51.5--2.5 2.5 15,69415,694 75,86775,867 91,56191,561

TotalTotal 74,05774,057 216,565216,565 290,622290,622

Land Suitability for Oil Palm Production in Thabor, Nongkhai Province

Unit 6.25 rais

= 1 ha

Project Targets Project Targets -- Oil palm new plantation will establish > 5,000 Oil palm new plantation will establish > 5,000 raisrais

(within 40 km)(within 40 km)-- Central cattle farm for biogas producing systemCentral cattle farm for biogas producing system-- DOA supported knowledge and seedling DOA supported knowledge and seedling

--DOA designed the Crushing Mill Model for 5 t/hr, DOA designed the Crushing Mill Model for 5 t/hr, by product from the processing unit are;by product from the processing unit are;

-- FiberFiber ((after oil extracting after oil extracting )) -- Organic Fertilizer Producing unitOrganic Fertilizer Producing unit

((cow dung &cow dung & EFBEFB)) -- Liquid fertilizerLiquid fertilizer (from biogas unit)(from biogas unit)

10

Project ManagementProject ManagementProject EvaluationProject Evaluation

-- Crop inspector every 2 monthCrop inspector every 2 month-- Meeting and Educating Meeting and Educating

-- Renewable energy knowledgeRenewable energy knowledge -- Oil Palm Plantation ManagementOil Palm Plantation Management

-- Nursery ManagementNursery Management -- PlantingPlanting -- Pest controlPest control

-- Farming accountFarming account

11

Pilot ModelPilot ModelOil Palm Farmer Groups

FFB2.50 baht/kg

Crushing Mill 5-10 tons/hr FFB 50 tons/day

CPO 8.1 tons Fiber 6.8 tons EFB 9.9 tons

Center Cattle Farm

Cows > 400

Existing 2,000 rais

2009 (new) 3,000 rais

Organic F.>

400 tons/year

Biogas

(CH4

)

Pilot Model for an areaPilot Model for an area of 5,000 of 5,000 raisrais

Modern Centralized Farm

Bio-gas unitIdeal Model

CH4

emission

Expected IncomeExpected Income for Farmersfor Farmers

Estimated Farmer Income

1. Palm Production -

Start Fruiting

3rd

Year

- Peak 6th

Year (after planting)

-

Crop cycle

> 25 years

2. Organic farming Promotion -

Field crops Baby corn, sweet corn, soybean etc.

-

Vegetable crops Mokara, Asparagus, long bean, chilly

tomato, cucumber etc

Expected Yield/Yearly Income

FFB

S

E NE Average

-

Avg. 6-25 yrs (ton/rai)

3,624

3,270

2,943

3,279

Farmer income (baht/rai) 5,189

4,369

3,402

4,320

FFB Quarantine Price, 2.5 baht/kg

DOA Plan for R&D

1. Drought tolerant oil palm clone -

new breeding program

-

surveying for the good adaptation oil palm tree in NE -

with the expert (work together with Malaysian team)

between 31 August-4September -

selected plant will collect the FFB to prepare for germinated

seedling (in Suratthani

Oil Palm Research) in September 2009 -

May 2009

-

Pre-nursery and main nursery in Khon

Kahen

RC (June

2010-April 2011)

DOA Plan for R&D

2.

-

new breeding program

-

surveying for the good adaptation oil palm tree in NE -

with the expert (work together with Malaysian team)

between 31 August-4September -

selected plant will collect the FFB to prepare for germinated

seedling (in Suratthani

Oil Palm Research) in September 2009 -

May 2009

-

Pre-nursery and main nursery in Khon

Kahen

RC (June

2010-April 2011)

Technologies need for Supporting1.

CDM Project Assist

-

biomass calculation models

-

Carbon life cycle model

-

PDD consultant

-

EIA consultant

2.

Bio-gas utilization eg:

-

gas filtering technique

-

gas compression technique

-

gas storage unit

Technologies Need for Supporting

3. Technology development

-

exchange researcher

-

short course for training

-

co-researcher

- consultant

Farmer need for Supporting

1.

Revolving Fund

-

Oil Palm Seedling Nursery

-

Crushing Factory (Decomposing unit, Feed stock unit)

-

Training and visiting

2.

Knowledge

-

Renewable energy (What and How to utilize)

- CDM

Some Activities In December, 2010

Supporting by

MAFF, Japan

It will be only the Dream

Or It can be

Done

Thank You for

Your Attentions