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BIOMASS ENERGY

1. INTRODUCTION

Biomass energy is the result of the transformation of different types of

matter (from animal, plants, human astes!".

It is a renea#le energy

The organi$ matter is transformed into fuel,

%.T&'ORIC) B*IC*

TYPES

It e+ist different types of #iomass

-NTUR) The natural #iomass is produ$ed in the natural

e$osystems and ithout the human interention. The intensie

e+ploitation of this type of #iomass isn/t good for the prote$tion of the

enironment. Natural #iomass is for e+ample Deriaties $learing

forests and plantations remains, fireood and #ran$hes, Conifers,

&ardoods!

-R'*IDU) The residual #iomass is generated in the human

a$tiities that use organi$ matter. Its elimination many times suppose

a pro#lem. It inoles o#taining energy from ood aste and

agri$ultural residues, ur#an residues! There are to types of residual

#iomass

- Dry solid produ$ts not used in agri$ultural a$tiities, forestry and

pro$esses of food pro$essing industries. 0or e+ample almond shells,pomade, pruning fruit trees, sadust, et$.

- et #iodegrada#le spills ur#an and industrial seage and liesto$2

aste.

-'N'R3'TIC CRO4* They are spe$ifi$ $rops dedi$ated e+$lusiely

to the produ$tion of energy. Unli2e to traditional farming, their main

$hara$teristi$s are their #ig produ$tiity of #iomass and its eleated

hardiness, e+pressed in $hara$teristi$s li2e the resistan$e to drought, tothe illnesses, earliness of groth!

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0or e+amples traditional $rops ( $ereals , sugar $ane, oil seeds" and

other un$onentional (arti$ho2es, seet sorghum" that are the su#5e$t

of numerous studies to determine its ne$essities of $rop.

HOW IT WORKS

There are to main types of $onersion of #iomass into energy

-T&'R6OC&'6IC)

Com#ustion

Biomass is #urn ith o+ygen and ithout moisture7 it is preiously

diided forming pellets.

4yrolysis

It $onsists in a De$omposition of the #iomass in a high temperature

(899degrees" ithout o+ygen. It is used to o#tain egetal $ar#on.

-BIOC&'6IC)

ith mi$roorganisms

Anaerobic digestion

*ome #a$terias transform #iomass into #iogas that is methane :

$ar#on dio+ide(ithout o+ygen". It $an #e used li2e fuel to o#tain

heat.

Alcoholic er!entation

By the a$tion of some en;ymes the $ar#ohydrates are transformed into

ethanol (ith o+ygen". e use this ethanol li2e fuel used #y $ars.

A"I#ITIES

Bio!ass $lant

The pro$ess of generation of energy is this

The (natural, residual or $rops" are transported to the #iomass plant,

then it goes to the fuel storage, after that the feeding $ut the matter

hi$h later pass through the $om#ustion $ontainers here it is #urn #y

the o+ygen, its $om#ustion produ$es that the ater hi$h pass

through the $om#ustion $ontainer #e$omes steam that moes thetur#ine and ma2es energy hi$h goes to the generator. The steam is

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refrigerate in the e$onomi;er #y the meaning of ater and #e$omes

ater against and the pro$ess #egins again.

.DI*D=NT3'*

- Ineffi$ient $ompared to fossil fuels #e$ause they hae less

energy effi$ien$y.

- '+pensie #e$ause it has a higher $ost of produ$tion $ompared

to the energy o#tained from fossil fuels. Their #oilers are also

the most e+pensie.

- )arge amounts of land

- 4rodu$tion of season

-6ay hae pro#lems of transport and storage.

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- Need of Transformation for use.

- In some pla$es it is diffi$ult to get home deliery of pellets.

8. &'R' T&'? R'

-United @ingdom, IRONBRID3' Is the #iggest #iomass plant in the

orld, is oned #y '.ON Company.

-0inland. )&O)6'N* @R0T Is the se$ond #iggest #iomass

plant, this plant proide energy to the Aa2o#stad population

-4oland, 4O)NI'C Third #iggest plant in the orld, it generates

ele$tri$ity for 99.999 homes.

.'N=IRON6'NT) I64CT

4ositie enironnemental impa$t

-Biomass is a energy sour$e hi$h proides a faora#le #alan$e of

CO % so it has good impa$t in the atmosphere.

-In forest and plants

. CO*T

It has a high $ost if e $ompare it ith fossil fuels.

Depends of

=olume and type The uantity of #iomass determines the si;e and

types of the system and the se$ondary pro$esses that e hae to

use. The type and the $hara$teristi$s of #iomass determines too the

preious and the final treatments.

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Conersion pro$ess depending of the $hemi$al and physi$al

$omposition, If it is easy to $onert it, it is $heap #ut if it is diffi$ult

to $onert e hae to use te$hnology ith a #igger $omple+ity and

ith a high $ost.

'nergy appli$ation The #iomass has to #e transport to the pla$e

here e ill use it, and it depends of the installation.

E.6I*C'))N'OU*

In mis$ellaneous e# thought that is important to puto a graphi$

e+plaining the $onsume of #iomass in different $ountries

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-'nergy from ood is more important in $ountries here there are to

mu$h forest and or2s are in relationship ith ood. Be$ause of that

the $onsume of ood in *eden, 0inland or ustria, for e+ample, is

too #ig . &oeer in other $ountries li2e 6alt , Cyprus or Italy , That

use more other types of energies haenFt got pra$ti$ally any $onsume

of ood.

-In the #iggest european $ountries li2e the #iomass energy is used in

the regions ith more forest also #eing not so mu$h used in *pain or

3ree$e and ery used at 4ortugal or Denmar2.

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