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8/17/2019 Biology & Geology. 1st of ESO. Minerals and Rocks.
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NATURAL SCIENCE
1st of ESO
MINERALS AND
ROCKS
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8/17/2019 Biology & Geology. 1st of ESO. Minerals and Rocks.
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8/17/2019 Biology & Geology. 1st of ESO. Minerals and Rocks.
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Agate and milky quartz are both quartz , because they have thesame chemical composition and therefore, physical properties.The differences beteen the! are caused by impurities, otherche!ica" e"e!ents that are inc"uded in the #uart$ durin% the
for!ation &rocess.
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8/17/2019 Biology & Geology. 1st of ESO. Minerals and Rocks.
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NATIVEELEMENTS
These !inera"s are !ade bya sin%"e e"e!ent.
'o"d, si"ver,co&&er
OXIDES They are !ade u& ofO(y%en and one othere"e!ent.
O"i%iste )iron*
SULPHIDES A !i( of Su"&hur and a +eta" 'a"enaCARONATES They are !ade of Carbon,
O(y%en and a +eta".Ca"cite
HALIDES Co!&osed of Ch"oride and a+eta".
a"ite
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a* COLOUR - !inera"s are a"ays the sa!e co"our, no !atter herethey are taen or hat &rocess endured.
b* SHAPE - !inera"s can be !e"metri# or irre!u$ar .
c* LUSTRE - refers to the ay a !inera" ref"ects "i%t. It can be-
/ Meta$$i# - "ie &yrite.
/ N"% meta$$i# .
d* STREAK - it refers to the co"our of the &oder that a !inera" "eaveshen scra&ed.
e* CLEAVA&E - is the ay a that a !inera" breas. It can brea ins'eets or in #u(es.
f* HARDNESS - !easures ho a !inera" reacts to bein% scratched.
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The Mohs Scale of Hardness
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Detrital Rocks
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Chemical Rocks
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Organic Rocks
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VOLCANICIGNO!S ROC"S
#L!TONICIGNO!S ROC"S
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P$ut"%i# r"#)
V"$#a%i# r"#)
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High $ress%re d%e to &eight
Intense heat d%e to magma
Metam"rp'i# r"#)
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Metam"rp'i# r"#)s
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0eatherin% andChan%es in
usion at hi%h
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0eatherin% anderosion
%te!&eratureand &ressure
usion at hi%hte!&erature
