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BIOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR HIGH PRODUCTIVITY
IN GROWING PIGS
Dorthe Poulsgård Frandsen
SEGES, VSP
Minus30 PitStop
November 17 & 18, 2015
DAYS FROM BIRTH TO SLAUGHTER?
2...|
2014 Poorest 25% Av. DK Top 25%
Total, days 178 days 171 days 164 days
Total, weeks 25.4 weeks 24.4 weeks 23.4 weeks
Feed costs, DKK/pig -44 -22 -
WHICH PIGS ARE FIRST?
3...|
● The biggest ?
● The oldest ?
● What do we know ?
AGENDA
4...|
- Birth weight
- Heat
- Colostrum intake
- Milk production
- Sectioning
- Weaning facilities
5...|
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
We
igth
at
bir
th,
kg
.
Total born piglets per litter
Figur 1. Avange weigth at birth versus litter sizeFigure 1. Average weight at birth vs litter size
BIRTH WEIGHT VS MORTALITY
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2
Mo
rtality
in
farr
ow
ing
un
it, %
Birth weight, kg
Study:
9,000 pigs in 9 herds
19 %
BIRTH SLAUGHTER
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
weight 0-1.0 kg weight 1.0-1.5 kg weight 1.5-3.0 kg
En
d w
eig
ht,
kg
Dail
y g
ain
g/d
ay
Daily gain g/dag End weight, kg
9.7 kg
Study:
9,000 pigs in 9 herds
63 g/day
HEAT
01-09-2015 8...|
● Shift-suckling of large litters
● Cross-fostering – one teat per piglet
COLOSTRUM INTAKE
9...|
10...|
Two-step nurse sow Newly farrowed sows with large
litters
Newborn piglets placed with a
newly farrowed sow 12 hours
after she has delivered the
last piglet, preferably a 2nd
parity sow
12-hour-old piglets moved
to a nurse that farrowed 4-
8 days ago
Two-step
nurse sow
Interm. nurse sow
Pigs are
weaned
Nurse sow
4-8-day old piglets
moved to an
intermediate sow
that farrowed min.
21 days ago
MILK PRODUCTION – WEANING WEIGHT
11...|
Factor Effect per pig at
weaning
Effect on litter weight
One extra pig in the litter ÷150 g +4 kg
Dier en 1. kuldsso ÷200 gram ÷2,4 kg
Én gris vejer 100 gram
mere ved fødsel
+200 gram +0,2 kg (vejer alle grise 100
gram mere, så +2,4 kg)
En ekstra diedag +200 gram +2,4 kg
Én lille gris tilsat mere
end 2 dage efter faring
÷300 gram (resten i
kuldet mister 150 gram)
+5 kg ÷1,65 kg
Ekstra gris – tabt tilvækst
+/-
MILK PRODUCTION – WEANING WEIGHT
12...|
Factor Effect per pig at
weaning
Effect on litter weight
New amino acid standard
for lactating sows
+350 g/pig +4.55 kg
Dier en 1. kuldsso ÷200 gram ÷2,4 kg
Én gris vejer 100 gram
mere ved fødsel
+200 gram +0,2 kg (vejer alle grise 100
gram mere, så +2,4 kg)
En ekstra diedag +200 gram +2,4 kg
Én lille gris tilsat mere
end 2 dage efter faring
÷300 gram (resten i
kuldet mister 150 gram)
+5 kg ÷1,65 kg
Ekstra gris – tabt tilvækst
SECTIONING - WEANING WEIGHT
● Sundhed ved at holde ”skæg og snot for sig”
● Afledte effekter i klimastald og slagtesvinestalde???
Factor Effect per pig at
weaning
Effect on litter weight
Sectioned management
in farrowing unit
+230 g +2.8 kg
All in/ All out
14...|
6.78
45.04
33.41
10.99
2.67 0.76 0.35
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
14-20days
21-27days
28-34days
35-41days
42-48days
49-56days
more than56 days
Distribution of weaning age, %
Min. 14 days
Av. 29 days
Max. 67 days
3.5 %
Study:
9,000 pigs in 9 herds
WEANING WEIGHT MORTALITY IN WEANER UNIT
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mo
rtali
ty i
n w
ean
er
un
it,
%
Weaning weight
weight < 5.6 weight 5.6-6.5 weight 6.5-7.5 weight > 7.5
Study:
9,000 pigs in 9 herds
A SMALL PIGLET – IS A GOOD PIGLET
16...|
A SMALL PIGLET – IS A GOOD PIGLET
17...|
Runts: 12-16% of all weaned pigs
Trial with 1,100 runts in two herds
OPTIMIZED WEANER PEN
18...|
OPTIMIZED WEANER PEN
19...|
Nurse sow Optimized pen
Start weight 4.4 kg 4.4 kg (NS)
After 1 week 5.6 kg 5.0 kg (***)
After 7 weeks 24.9 kg 25.5 kg (NS)
Mortality 7.5 % 7.5 % (NS)
Marginal costs DKK22/pig DKK11/pig
It makes sense to wean runts in an
optimized weaner pen
GAIN VS START WEIGHT
R² = 0,0034
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Daily g
ain
,g
Start weight
All batches
BUT…
We do not know
pigs’ age….
AGE
DEAD IN FINISHER UNIT
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
Mo
rtali
ty i
n f
inis
her
un
it,
%
Age (days) at transfer to finisher unit
60-80 80-90 over 90
Study:
9,000 pigs in 9 herds
THE END
● A good pig is:
● A live pig
● A well-raised pig (farrowing unit)
● +heat
● +colostrum
● +sow milk
● +sectioning
● A well-raised pig (weaner)
● +optimized pens
22...|
THANK YOU
23...|