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International Training Programme on “Biogas Production, Purification and Power Generation
for Commercial Technology Packages
Government Programmes & Schemes on Biogas in India
Dr. A.R. ShuklaAdviser (Bio-energy)
Ministry of New and Renewable EnergyEmail: [email protected]
IIT Delhi
25th October, 2010
03-Nov-10 2
Methane (Green house gas) released fromthree Landfills of Delhi during 2008: 74,000 tonnes(Indian Express 29.01.2010)
Effect of methane is higher thanfrom CO2 by: 21 timesPercentage of methane in harmful green house gas: 18%(approx.)Annual CO2 Emission Reduction from 0.15 million biogas plants: 0.7053 million tonnesExpected Annual CER from 0.150 million biogas plants: `0.75 millionExpected Annual Return through CER from 0.15 million Biogas $3.750 millionPlants @ US $5
Biogas- Fertilizer Plants: Most Potent tool to Handle Methane- a Green house gas
Ministry of New and Renewable EnergyBio-energy Technology Development Group
Biogas Dissemination Programmes:• National Biogas and Manure Management
Programme (NBMMP).• Biogas Based Distributed/Grid Power Generation
Programme.• Recovery of Energy from Industrial Wastes.• Recovery of Energy from Urban Wastes.
Ministry of New and Renewable EnergyBio-energy Technology Development Group
Biogas R&D and Technology Demonstration Programme:• Demonstration of Integrated Technology Package on
Biogas-Fertilizer Plants (BGFP) for Generation,Purification/ Enrichment, Bottling and PipedDistribution of Biogas.
• Establishment of Business Model for Demonstration ofan Integrated Technology Package for creation ofsmokeless villages using biogas/ bio-energy systems andmeeting ‘Life-line Energy’ envisaged in ‘IntegratedEnergy Policy’
• R&D and technology development in biogas, bio-fertilizer and bio-energy refinery.
NPBD/ NBMMP Launched in 1981.
Estimated potential of biogas plants: 12 million Nos.
Cumulative Biogas plants installed: 4.27 million (35.5%)
Envisaged Target for 11th Plan: 0.64 million plants (1.4 million m3)
National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP): Achievement
6
Approved CFA under National Biogas and Manure Management Programme for 11th Plan
Category CFA (2-4 m3
Plant) (Rs.)CFA (1 m3 Plant)
(Rs.)
1. NER States `14,700/- `14,700/-
2. Notified hilly areas, J&K and Plain areas of Assam
`10,000/- `9,000/-
3. All other States `8,000/- `4,000/-
4. Support for Training courses
`2000 – 67,500/-
5. Turn key Job-fee `1500/-
• To harness near total potential of loose and leafy biomasswaste, cattle dung and waste from kitchens and gardens inrural areas for installation of medium and large sizebiogas-fertilizer plants.
• Purification/ enrichment of bottling of biogas to replacePNG/ CNG/ LPG.
• To produce, upgrade and package high quality bio-fertilizer through vermi-composting and other technologiesfrom digested slurry of BGFP
• To establish self-sustainable entrepreneurial model forinstallation of such plants in villages, gaushalas, dairies,eating joints, restaurants, hostels and institutions.
Biogas-Fertilizer Plant Demonstration Projects: Objectives
Biogas-Fertilizer Plant Demonstration Projects: Potential
Medium size Biogas-Fertilizer Plant (200-1000 m3):• Estimated Potential: 0.1-0.6 million nos.• 11 nos. of Projects sanctioned• MNRE support: 50% cost of the project (excluding cost of Land)
• For one lakh nos. of projects(average 200m3 capacity)
1. Estimated biogas generation: 20.0 million m3/day2. Annual Estimated LPG equivalent: 9.216 million kg/day3. Annual Estimated bio-fertilizer prod.: 109.5 million tonne
• Estimated cost of an Integrated 200-1000 m3 BGFP Project (costwill vary on plant size taken up): `4.0-16.0 million.
• Raw Biogas in the range of 200m3 – 1000 m3 per day, which maybe equivalent to about 90 Kg- 450 Kg of LPG/CNG Per day.
Large Sized Biogas-Fertilizer Plant Demonstration Projects
Proposals have been received under Demonstration of‘Integrated Technology Package on BGFPs for generation,purification, bottling and piped distribution of biogas in thecapacity range of 1,100– 20,000 m3 and above in response toEOI of the Ministry.
* Excluding cost of land.
Sl. No. Biogas GenerationCapacity (m3)
CFA for Biogas Purification,Bottling/ Distribution Applications*
1. 1,100 - 5,000 40% of the cost of the project
2. 5,100 - 10,000 35% of the cost of the project
3. 10,100 - 20,000 and above 30% of the cost of the project
Main Components of Biogas-Fertilizer Plants (BGFPs)
• Slurry/ Feed-stock preparation systems.• BGFP Digester.• Biogas Purification/ Enrichment and Safety Systems.• Biogas bottling and piped distribution for various
applications.• CO2 bottling and utilization.• Slurry processing/ for recycling of water.• Vermi-composting and slurry management system.• Bio-fertilizer upgradation and packaging.• Marketing and supply management of Bio-fertilizers.
Biogas Digester design and sizing suitable for multi –feed stock
• Up flow Sludge Anaerobic Blanket (USAB)• Modified USAB• CSTR• BARC-NISARGRUNA• Any other
Biogas Upgradation/ Enrichment Technology
• Water scrubbing – using high/ low pressure• Biological Scrubbing • Chemical scrubbing• Membrane separation• Pressure Swing Adsorption, Molecular sieves• Cryogenic Separation
• Based on water scrubbing method a wet scrubber has been designed and developed at IIT, New Delhi.
• Up to 95% CO2 removal is observed when compresses biogas is fed into the scrubber and pressurized water is sprayed from top in counter – current action at a certain pressure and flow rate.
• Enriched Biogas is made Moisture Free by passing it through filter after that it is compressed up to 200-bar pressure using a three stage gas compressor.
• Compressed gas is stored in high –pressure sleet cylinders as used for CNG. Bio-methane(enriched Biogas) which is nearly same as CNG, can be used for all application for which CNG is used. Available engine system can easily be converted to suit CBG.
• Pressure Swing adsorption Technology is also available, although it is slightly costlier but could be better in certain situations.
Biogas Upgradation/ Enrichment Technology
Institutional arrangements for implementation of BGFP Technology Demonstration Projects
• BGFP demonstration projects are implemented through private and public sector companies and leasing companies, rural entrepreneurs, cooperatives through IREDA, Banks and other financial institutions.
• To make ‘Biogas-fertilizer plant based Energy Infrastructure Initiative’ more economical, corporate bodies and entrepreneurs can bunch BGFPs in group of villages/ areas to avail of CDM benefits.
Proposed Composition of compressed Biogas
Compositions Biogas for Automotive Application
Biogas for Stationary
Engine Application
Biogas for piped Network
CH4 Minimum 95% Minimum 90% Minimum 90%
H2S Maximum50 ppm Maximum 50 ppm
Maximum 50 ppm
Moisture Maximum 0.02gm/m3
Maximum 0.02gm/m3
Maximum 0.02gm/m3
CO2+N2+O2+CO+ Other Gases
Maximum 5% Maximum 10% Maximum 10%
Launched in January, 2006.
Projects completed: 73 Nos.(461.75 kW)
Projects under Installation: 147 Nos. (2219.5 kW)
Total no. of projects sanctioned: 220 Nos.
Total/ Aggregated capacity: About 2.68 MW
Biogas based Distributed/ Grid Power Generation Programme (BPGP).
Biogas based Distributed/ Grid Power Generation Programme: Central Financial
AssistancePower generating
capacityBiogas plant
capacityCFA/subsidy limited to the
following ceiling or 40% of the cost of the system whichever
is less.
3 -20 kW 25 cu. m to 85 cu.m `40,000 per kW
>20 kW to 100 kW Any combination of above plants or alternate capacity /design
`35,000 per kW
>100 kW to 250 kW Any combination of above plants or alternate capacity /design
`30,000 per kW
Biogas Plant Capacity: 25 - 3000 cum/ dayPower Generation Capacity: 3 -250 KWEstimated Power Generation from 25 cum Plant: 30KWhr per day (3KW)Estimated Power Generation from 100 cum Plant: 120 KWhr per day (12 KW)Estimated No. of hours for meeting Power Requirement from 25 cum Plant: 10 hrs.
Biogas based Distributed/ Grid Power Generation Programme
03-Nov-10 19
Programme for Energy Recovery from Industrial Wastes: Central Financial
Assistance*Bio-methanation ofLow Energy Density & Difficult Wastes: `10 million/ MWeq (12000 Cu.m. biogas per day)
Power generation from Solid Industrial
Waste (Boiler + Steam Turbine):`2.0 million/ MW
Power generation from Biogas
(Boiler + Steam Turbine):`2.0 million/ MW
Bio-methanation of other Wastes: `5.0 million/ MWeq (12000 Cu.m. biogas per day)
Power generation from Biogas
(Biogas Engine/ Turbine):
`10 million/ MW
*Limited to 20% of Project cost *Limited to `5.0 crore
per Project
*For Special Category States: 20% higher than
that of other States
03-Nov-10 20
Programme for Energy Recovery from Urban Wastes: Central Financial Assistance
Projects based on Bio-methanation Technology from cattle dung, vegetable market & slaughterhouse wastes generated in urban areas:
•For Power generation:`30 million*/ MW
•For Thermal Applications:`10 million*/ MWeq
(12000 Cu.m. biogas per day)
*Limited to 50% of Project cost
Projects based on Bio-methanationTechnology from a mix of cattle dung, vegetable market & slaughterhouse wastes and agricultural Wastes:
•For Power generation:
`20 million*/ MW
*Limited to 30% of Project cost
Projects based on Biogas generated at Sewage Treatment Plants:
•For Power generation:
`20 million*/ MW
*Limited to 40% of Project cost
Application-wise Biogas Plants installed, Estimated Biogas Production and Power
Generation capacity
Sl. No.
Type of Biogas Plants No. of Biogas Plants installed
Estimated Biogas Production capacity
In million m3 per day
Power Generation
1. Family size Biogas Plants for cooking applications.
4,253,624 8.5072 For cooking requirement
2. Small size Biogas plants for electricity generation.
73 0.0042 0.44 MW
3. Large size Biogas Plants based on Urban and Industrial wastes for power generation.
70 0.5466 91.11 MW
Total 4,253,767 9.0580 91.55 MW
• Introduction of competitive bidding on pilot basis.• Promoting installation of pre-fabricated biogas plants based on
HDPE, RCC, FRP, ferro-cement. Metallic and combination thereof including in-situ construction using moulds.
• Development and registration of biogas-fertilizer companies/ entrepreneurs (BGFCOs)/ BGFEs).
• Installation of biogas plants through CDM route.• Development and registration of biogas-fertilizer companies/
entrepreneurs for providing interest free loans upto `2.0 million.• Financing and implementation of family type biogas plants
through banks, IREDA and other financial institutions. • Utilization of 5% of outlay for establishment of innovative
models for financing and implementation and
Entrepreneurial Opportunity in NBMMP
03-Nov-10 23
Sintex make Pre-fabricated HDPE material based 2m3 Deenbandhu Model Biogas Plant
24
Shakti Surabhi Portable Biogas model working on Kitchen and Vegetable Waste.
Biogas based power generation at Sanjivini, Nagpur
Cow dung/bio gascollection fromExisting dairies
Biogas/compressedBio gas production
Carbon credit
Biogas
Vermi packVermicompost/
Vermiwash
Vermiwash
Domestic cooking
Irrigation purpose
Rural transportation
Land qualityimprovement
Seed quality improvement
Clean air Development
Curbing GHGs
Cow dung and loose and leafybiomass collection from
Rural areas/ villages
CNG/ LPG
Biogas/ scrubbing/ cleaning unit
•Increased income for rural women
•Better health of women & children.
•Women empowerment
•Low cost productionIncreased income of farmer.
Schematic Diagram for Biogas Fertilizer Plant
Purification and Bottling of biogas At Bakrol, Distt. Vadodara
Biogas cylindersAt Bakrol, Dist Vadodara
THANK YOU