Bioethanol From MSW

7/31/2019 Bioethanol From MSW

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Group members:

1. Nor aini bt md rudin KA08028

2. Siti roseha bt mohd hamzah KA08045

3. Ainihayati bt ismail

4. Fatin nadhirah mahazan KA08059


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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)Consists everyday items that we used andthen throw away

Solid waste generated in 2002 was 17,000tones per day in Peninsular Malaysia

Generation of solid waste expected to reach

30,000 tones per day in 2020


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63.10%

6.70%

14.30%

6.30% 2.10%

Food & Organics

Mix Paper

Mix Plastics

Yard

Glass


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76.80%

7.60%9%

0.90%

Food & Organics

Paper

Plastics

Glass


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Mean: any source of usable energy intendedto replace fuel sources


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TYPES OF

ALTERNATIVEENERGY

Wind Power

Solar Power

Geothermal

Energy

HydroelectricPower

Nuclear

Energy

Biofuels

Natural Gas

Hydrogen


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Fuel from renewable biomass material,commonly used as an alternative cleaner fuelsource (Clean Energy Ideas, 2011).


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Biogas

Biodiesel

Ethanol


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The worlds oil reserves will last for only 30 to40 years.

Depletion of source, oil drilling, complication

in oil recovery increase the production cost.

Consequently..

Uses of fossil fuel caused climate crises Pollution GHG emissions


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1st generation bio-fuels Produced from food crops (corn ethanol, soy

bio-diesel)

Involved in multiple environmental effect GHG emissions

Threats to global food supply.


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2nd generation bio-fuels Produced from biomass

Cheaperraw materials from garbage

Reduce pollution Lots of supplyraw materials generated daily

and keep increasing

Helps reducing waste

Generate handsome amount of money


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Solid waste is a major environmental problemin Malaysia

200823,000 tonnes produced daily

Estimate 201730,000 t/d


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Our situationAbout 90% of wastes disposed to landfills,remaining either incinerated(2%),recycled(5%)or dumped illegally.


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Currently, we have 291 landfills (as of April2007) 179 open (10 sanitary)

112 not in operation

The lifespan of landfills: 5-10 years only


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1991 13.727 0.7 2.5

1995 15.450 0.8 3.0

1996 15.913 0.8 3.2

1997 16.391 0.8 3.4

1998 16.882 0.8 3.5

1999 17.389 0.8 3.7

2000 17.911 0.9 3.9

2005 20.598 1.0 5.9

2010 23.284 1.2 7.0

Estimated solid waste generation in


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State (kg/cap.day)

Kuala Lumpur 1.57

Selangor 1.26

Pahang 0.92

Terengganu 0.86

Kelantan 0.5

Johor 1.35

Melaka 1.2

N. Sembilan 1.2

Penag 0.96

Per-capita waste generation rate per day for each state inPeninsular Malaysia (2002)


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Gasification process


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Ethanol production is commerciallyinsignificant in Malaysia. There is anopportunity for ethanol production from MSWbiomass but the technology is yet to be

commercialized. From 2005 until 2011 the ethanol prices

averaged in Chicago Board is $2.04 pergallon or RM 1.70 per liters


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Comparison for fuel price in Malaysia

(Lim, 2011)

Type of fuel Malaysia Fuel

Price (RM)/

Liter

Subsidy (RM)

RON 95 1.90 2.75

Diesel 1.80 2.66

B5 biodiesel 1.80 -


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2003 2004 2005 2010

Brazil 13.0 13.5 14.0 18.0

USA 10.7 13.9 14.2 18.0

Canada 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.8

EU 0.5 0.7 2.0 11.7

Other 0.0 0.5 1.0 12.6

Total 24.4 28.8 31.7 61.1

Table : World fuel ethanol demand (Millions m3)

(Nyberg, 2004)


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Factors driving ethanol market:

High oil prices.

National energy security considerations.Ethanol tax incentives.

Improved technology - lower costs of

ethanol production.Climate change concerns.


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Millions of Gallons

World Ethanol Production Forecast 2008 - 2012 by Country

(Market Research Analysis, 2008)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Brazil 4,988 5,238 5,489 5,739 5,990

U.S. 6,198 6,858 7,518 8,178 8,838

Canada 230 276 322 368 414

Indonesia 76 84 92 100 108

ROW 2,302 2,548 2,794 3,040 3,286

World 13,794 15,004 16,215 17,425 18,636


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Major findings of the Worlds EthanolProduction Forecast 2008 - 2012:

Worlds ethanol production will pass 20Billion gallons in 2012.

Ethanol production is expected to grow in2008 - 2012 with CAGR about 5%.

U.S. and Brazil are leading the world inproduction of ethanol.


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World ethanol price

(The crop Site, 2010)


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500 tons per day production of ethanol fuel:

The plant operating cost = $1 794 000 peryear,

Feedstock cost =$5 054 400 per year,

MSW classification =$600 000 per yearAdministration expenses =$892 942 per year.

Total cost for the plant =$8 341 342 per year

(Sakamoto, 2004)


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The demand for ethanol fuel for 2010 is 0.1 millionm3 or 85 622 MT/annum.

The new plant will produce 200 MT/ day to fulfillthe consumer.

(200 MT / day) x (1167.9189 liter / MT) = 233 584liter / day

(RM 1.70 / liter) x (233 584 liter / day) x (365 day/ year) x ($ / RM 3.14) = $ 46 158 876 / year

$ 46 158 876/ year - $8 341 342 / year = $ 37817 534 / year


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Thank you.

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Bioethanol From MSW