Bioenergy in Finland

8/13/2019 Bioenergy in Finland

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Bioenergy in Finland


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Other 3%Net imports ofelectricity 3%

Hydro and windpower 4%

Peat 6%

Coal 10%Natural gas 11%

Wood fuels 21%Oil 25%

Nuclear energy17%

Bioenergy in Finland

Finland is known as one of the leading countries in the world inthe production and utilisation of renewable energy Bioenergyis our most significant source of renewable energy accountingfor approx one-fifth of Finlands total energy consumption

In order to curb climate change production of renewable energymust be increased from the present level also in Finland Thisrequires a sharp increase in the use of bioenergy in particular

Source Yearbook of Energy Statistics Statistics Finland

Total energy consumption In total energy consumption in Finland was PJ ( TWh Mtoe)and electricity consumption TWh


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Efficient heat and powerproduction

Biofuel provides the best energy efficiency in combined heatand power production (CHP) Heat and electricity are producedsimultaneously with the same amount of fuel

The heat and steam energy produced this way is directed toindustrial processes or to district heating networks in populationcentres Mixed combustion of biomass and fossil fuel in majorpower plants reduces their greenhouse gas emissions in relationto the mix used

Good Finnish examples ofcombined heat and powergeneration using biofuels

include the black liquorrecovery boilers in pulp millsand the large mixedcombustion boilers for solidfuel used in the forestindustry and in cities

In about % of theFinnish bioenergy is producedby the forest industry whichin Finland has developedprogressive bioenergyprocesses based on black liquorbark and saw dust Biogasplants can produce CHP energyefficiently on a smaller scale

Andriz Recovery Boiler UPM LtdPietarsaari FinlandPhoto Timo Vesterinen


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Biomass Heat Entrepreneurshipa new business model

Several municipalities inFinland today have biomassdistrict heating systems In theearly s farmers formedand started new kinds ofenterprises they becameheating entrepreneurssupplying customers with heatproduced from wood fuels

Today a heating entrepreneurenterprise is a co-operative

a limited company or anentrepreneur consortiumwhich sells bio-based heat energy

The heating enterprise typically operates locally and the mainfuel is wood The fuel comes from local forests or from industrialwood residues from the local wood-processing industry such

as saw mills The heat entrepreneur operates the heating plantand earns an income based on the amount of heat generatedThe price of heat energy is usually bound to the price of lightfuel oil and to some common price indexes

In about heating entrepreneurs are supplying heat toalmost locations such as schools district heating networksand industrial buildings and processes The average size of aplant is kW

In about heatingentrepreneurs are supplying heat toalmost locations in FinlandPhoto Kimmo Haimi


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Biomass into liquid and gasfor the needs of transport

Finland is aiming for a % share of renewables in transportfuels in rising to at least % by whilst the newesttarget is %

In order to reach these targets we need raw materials forrenewable fuels from many different sources Bio oils solidbiomass and industrialalcohols may be used as rawmaterial for transport fuels

Ethanol to be used as atransport fuel is manufactured

with technologies that havebeen developed in Finland forexample from sorted biowastederived from the food industryand from households or by thelatest method agro biomass

The forest industry and itsco-operation partners usebio-refinery solutions fortesting the production of rawmaterial for biodiesel throughwood biomass gasification andchemical reprocessing


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Biogas is also suitable for use as transport fuel

Biogas is produced in landfills and in the reactors of wastewatertreatment plants and biogas plants of various sizes utilisingagricultural wastes Gas is used in local heat production in moreextensive combined and heat and power production (CHP) oras transport fuel

Stora Enso is working with Finnish oil company Neste Oil to jointly developtechnology to produce next generation renewable fuel made from woodresidues The demonstration plant has been integrated into Stora EnsosVarkaus Mill Photo Stora Enso Ltd


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Good quality of chips ensures smooth and efficient energy productionPhoto Kimmo Haimi

Covering must be wide enough to guarantee the first-class quality of wood fueland chips during winter and rainy periods Photo Tanja Lepist


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Wood biomass rules

The majority of Finlands renewable energy is produced fromforest-derived biomass Approx % of renewable energy isproduced in the pulp production and bark combustion in theforest industry

Fuel procurement for major biomass power plants of the forestindustry and cities is a demanding logistical entity which ismanaged by forest machinery and transport companiesspecialised in the field

The forest industry receives its timber and energy biomass asso-called integrated procurement This means that industrial

pulp wood and energy biomass are harvested and transportedto the plants using mainly the same equipment

Major CHP plants buy their fuel through logistics companieswhile the fuel for heat entrepreneurs plants is procured fromnearby forests and delivered by shareholders

The use of firewood in the heating of detached houses alsoplays an important role in Finlands energy economy Firewoodconstitutes the third largest use of bioenergy after the forestindustry and major biomass power plants


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From the stump and fieldto the boiler

Efficient biomass harvesting techniques have been developed inFinland and there are strong companies operating in the industry

Integrated in the harvesting of industrial wood harvesting ofwood biomass from the forests takes place mechanically Treesare debranched immediately after felling and the branches fallinto heaps next to the machine The branches are moved intolarger heaps by the side of the forest roads to wait for chipping

In the forest the heaps can also be baled to facilitatetransportation to the power plant Small trees from firstthinnings are harvested as whole trees and the trunks including

their parts are transported to the side of the road to dry andwait for chipping

The branches or the whole trees are chipped for combustionby the side of the road directly onto the wood chip platform of alorry and transported further to the warehouse of a powerplant or heating plant

Biorefinery plants also use branches as raw material in liquidbiofuel production

Reed canary grass grown in the fields is harvested dry in thespring and usually compressed into large bales These balesare stored with care to wait for transportation to the powerplant where they are crushed and then combusted amongstwood chips or peat


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Photo Olli Toivonen Vastavalo


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More information

Growing Power brochure gives more detailed informationabout Finnish bioenergy solutions It is available in PDF formaton Internet see www tekes fi en community Publications

CLEEN Oy the energy and environment strategic centre forscience technology and innovation www cleen fi

www cleantechfinland fi

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland www vtt fi

Finnish Forest Research Institute www metla fi

Statistics Finland www stat fi energy

Ministry of Employment and the Economy www tem fi

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry www mmm fi

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The Bioenergy Associationof FinlandVapaudenkatu FI- JyvskylFinland

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Bioenergy in Finland