Biodiversity and ecosystem services

Atlantic Forest and Global Change: Ecosystem

functioning along environmental gradients

Simone VieiraCarlos A. Joly, Luis Martinelli, Lu Alves, Marco Assis, Luis Bernacci, Jorge Tamashiro, Flavio dos Santos,

Andre Rochelle, Marcos Scaranello, Yvonne Bakker, Cinthia Silva, Luis Quimbayo, Rafael Ramos, Edson

Junior, Ataliba Alboin, Eliana Ramos, Valeria Martins, Juliano Van Mellis.........

Gradient:

Latitudinal

Longitudinal

Altitudinal

Gradiente:

Latitudinal

Longitudinal

Altitudinal

Gradiente:

Latitudinal

Longitudinal

Altitudinal

Sparovek et al. 2010

Gradiente:

Latitudinal

Longitudinal

Altitudinal

Sparovek et al. 2010 Ribeiro et al. 2009

• 22 permanent plots (100x100 m)

• DBH ≥ 4.8 cm

◼ Restinga Forest

10 m a.s.l.

◼ Lowland

50 m a.s.l.

Lowland

AB

CD

EF

GH

IJ

K

0

3

6

9 320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

m

topografia da parcela J - Capricórnio

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

S1

S2S3

S4S5

S6S7

S8S9

S10S11

80000

90000

100000

110000

120000

130000

Topografia da parcela F- Capricórnio

◼ Submontane

Submontane

Montane

~54000 stems sampled

~ 600 species

Species

Restinga

Lowland1

Lowland2

Lowland3

Submontane1

Submontane2

Submontane3

Submontane4

Montane1

Montane2

Species

Species

Species

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

50

100

150

200

Sea level

forest*

100 m 400 m 1,000 m Lowland

flooded

Lowland

Manaus

Lowland

Santarém

Atlantic Forest Amazon forest

To

tal a

bo

ve

an

d b

elo

w g

rou

nd

ca

rbo

n s

tora

ge

(Mg

C

ha

-1)

Site

Live Biomass Fallen and Standing CWD Litter layer Soil (0-100 cm) Root

38%

28%

12%

10%

6%4%

1% 1%

Árvores

Solo

Galhos

Raizes Finas

Raizes grossas

Liteira Grossa

Folhas

Liteira Fina

Amazon

Atlantic Forest

28%

58%

1%

1%

6%4%

1%1%

Árvores

Solo

Galhos

Raizes Finas

Raizes grossas

Liteira Grossa

Folhas

Liteira Fina

Palm

~10 Mg ha-1Bamboo

~17 Mg ha-1

Fern

~1 Mg ha-1

Epiphytes

~3 Mg ha-1

Liana

~5 Mg ha-1

CWD

~16 Mg ha-1Fine Root

~10 Mg ha-1

Litterlayer

~2 Mg ha-1

~ 64 Mg ha-1

1,2

1,4

1,1

1,0

2,0

1,5

Restinga Lowland Submontane Montane

Tree growth rate along an altitudinal Atlantic Forest(mm year-1)

0,9

0,6

1,6

1,9

Restinga Lowland Submontane Montane

Carbon balance along an altitudinal gradient of Atlantic Forest

(Mg ha-1 year-1)

Carbon balance along an altitudinal gradient of Atlantic Forest

(Mg ha-1 year-1)

0,9

0,6

1,6

1,9

Restinga Lowland Submontane Montane

0,9

0,6

1,6

1,9

2,9

1,3

Restinga Lowland Submontane Montane

Carbon balance along an altitudinal gradient of Atlantic Forest

(Mg ha-1 year-1)

y = 1.4133x + 26.846R² = 0.7771

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 50 100 150 200 250

Liv

e B

iom

as

s (

Mh

ha

-1)

Number of Species (ha-1)

Altitudinal Gradient

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1

20

39

58

77

96

11

5

13

4

15

3

17

2

19

1

21

0

22

9

24

8

26

7

28

6

30

5

32

4

34

3

36

2

38

1

40

0

41

9

43

8

45

7

47

6

49

5

51

4

53

3

55

2

57

1

59

0

60

9

62

8

64

7

66

6

Bio

ma

ss

(%

)

Species

Chrysophyllum viride

Hieronyma alchorneoides

Virola bicuhyba

Licania hoehnei

Sloanea guianensis

Guapira opposita

Eriotheca pentaphylla

Cryptocarya mandioccana

Micropholis crassipedicellata

Alchornea triplinervia

Ecclinusa ramiflora

Rustia formosa

Ocotea catharinensis

Virola gardneri

Calyptranthes strigipes

Calyptranthes lucida

Bathysa australis

Cupania oblongifolia

Terminalia januarensis

Pouteria psammophila

Hymenaea courbaril var. altissima

Myrcia brasiliensis

Alchornea glandulosa

Bathysa mendoncae

Top 20 moist dominat species by above ground woody biomass

Figura 1. Mapa com a localização das parcelas nos municípios de Cunha, São Luís do Paraitinga e Ubatuba nasdependências do PESM.

Undisturbed Forest

• Plots K, L, M.

Disturbed

• Plot N (selective logging)

• Plot T (secundary forest);

• Parcela R (initial secundary forest).

Cunha

Natividade da

Serra

São Luís do Paraitinga

Ubatuba

R

T

L

KM

N

Parati

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Connected Isolated Connected Isolated

Large Small

Bio

ma

ss

(M

g h

a-1

)

Core Edge

ECOFOR in Ubatuba area - history

Caraguatatub

2014

ECOFOR

8 0.25ha plots in Cunha

1-ha in S.L.P

64 0.25-ha fragments S.L.P.

area

Detailed carbon cycling 6 1-ha

plots along forest disturbance

gradient

and trait data in 14 fragments

and 4 1-ha plots

ECOFOR in Ubatuba area - history

Caraguatatub

2014

ECOFOR

8 0.25ha plots in Cunha

1-ha in S.L.P

64 0.25-ha fragments S.L.P.

area

Detailed carbon cycling 6 1-ha

plots along forest disturbance

gradient

and trait data in 14 fragments

and 4 1-ha plots

ECOFOR in Ubatuba area - history

Caraguatatub

2014

ECOFOR

8 0.25ha plots in Cunha

1-ha in S.L.P

64 0.25-ha fragments S.L.P.

area

Detailed carbon cycling 6 1-ha

plots along forest disturbance

gradient

and trait data in 14 fragments

and 4 1-ha plots

ECOFOR in Ubatuba area - history

Caraguatatub

2014

ECOFOR

8 0.25ha plots in Cunha

1-ha in S.L.P

64 0.25-ha fragments S.L.P.

area

Detailed carbon cycling 6 1-ha

plots along forest disturbance

gradient

and trait data in 14 fragments

and 4 1-ha plots

ECOFOR in Ubatuba area - history

Caraguatatub

2014

ECOFOR

8 0.25ha plots in Cunha

1-ha in S.L.P

64 0.25-ha fragments S.L.P.

area

Detailed carbon cycling 6 1-ha

plots along forest disturbance

gradient

and trait data in 14 fragments

and 4 1-ha plots

ECOFOR in Ubatuba area - history

Caraguatatub

2014

ECOFO

R

8 0.25ha plots in Cunha

1-ha in S.L.P

64 0.25-ha fragments S.L.P.

area

Detailed carbon cycling 6 1-ha

plots along forest disturbance

gradient

and trait data in 14 fragments

and 4 1-ha plots

ECOFOR in Ubatuba area - history

Caraguatatub

2014

ECOFOR

8 0.25ha plots in Cunha

1-ha in S.L.P

64 0.25-ha fragments S.L.P.

area

Detailed carbon cycling 6 1-ha

plots along forest disturbance

gradient

and trait data in 14 fragments

and 4 1-ha plots

2007-2009 2009-2012

2012-2015 2015-2016

3.1 0.8

-2.1 -2.0

4.4 -0.7

-1.9 -7.6