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Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1
Agenda1) Photosynthesis/Resp Test Results2) Make up assignment – 30% of points
lost on test3) Biochemistry Lecture4) Complete your organic molecule tables
from yesterday5) Reading Assignment
Photo/Resp Test Results – Hour 4
Avg: 60%
Photo/Resp Test Results – Hour 5
Avg: 69%
Test Make up assignment – 30% of missing points.
1) Essay Question: Explain the significance and causes of the Great Oxygenation Event, or GOE, more than 3.5 billion years ago.
1) Typed, 300 word minimum2) Spelling/Grammar graded. Use paragraphs. 3) Full make up only granted for well written,
insightful, and NON PLAGIARIZED papers.2) Diagram of photosynthesis and respiration, in
color, all parts labeled.3) Equation of both photosynthesis and respiration
NOT PLAGIARIZED = YOUR ORIGINAL WORK
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1
Review of Vocab:Molecules: 2 or more atoms bonded togetherOrganic: Having to do with living thingsOrganic Molecules: Molecules found in living things
NOTES (if needed)
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1
4 Organic Molecules we’ll learn about:Carbohydrates (Sugars)Proteins (… Proteins)Nucleic Acid (DNA and RNA)Lipids (including fats)
NOTES
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1
New Vocab:Monomer: (mono = one, meros = part) Single unit that makes up a repeating pattern.Polymer: (poly = many, meros = part) Two or more monomers bonded together
NOTES
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 1
Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids are polymers, built out of smaller monomers.
NOTES
Monomer
MonomerMonomer Monomer
Monomer
Monomer
MonomerMonomer
MonomerMonomer
Monomer Monomer
Monomer
POLY
MER
Carbohydrates (sugars)
GLUCOSE
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates - Starch
Carbohydrates - Cellulose
Carbohydrates - Glycogen
Carbohydrates
1) Carbohydrates are made up of monomers of glucose.2) Types of Carbohydrate polymers include glycogen, starch, and cellulose.3) Glycogen and Starch store energy in living things for short periods of time4) Carbohydrate polymers are broken down into monomers using Hydrolysis, and synthesized using Dehydration5) Cellulose forms cell walls and strong structures in plants
NOTES
Proteins
Proteins
Monomer: 20 different Amino Acids
Polymer: Polypeptide
Proteins
Proteins
Proteins1 ) Proteins are made up of monomers of 20 different Amino Acids 2) Different Proteins have a different order and number of amino acids in them3) Proteins do many different things inside living cells: including catalyzing reactions, copying DNA, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another.
4) Proteins only work because of their shape. Form = function.
NOTES
Proteins
5) Proteins have 4 different levels that determine their shape.
a) Primary (1): Order of amino acidsb) Secondary (2): Folding into spirals,
sheets, or other shapes due to orderc) Tertiary (3): Folding into a protein shape
due primary/secondary structured) Quaternary (4): Combination with other
polypeptides.
NOTES
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 2
Agenda1) Review of Proteins2) Practice Activity – fold your own
proteins!3) No homework
Proteins
Monomer: 20 different Amino Acids
Polymer: Polypeptide
Proteins
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 3
Agenda1) Review of carbohydrates2) Practice Activity – making your own
polymers from carbohydrate monomers3) Homework: finish questions on your
white sheet – handed in when you come in tomorrow.
Carbohydrates
3 monomers for carbohydrates:1) Glucose2) Galactose3) FructoseThese are also known as monosaccharides(mono = one, saccharide = sugar)
Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides)
Carbohydrates
1) Carbohydrates are made up of monomers of glucose, galactose, and fructose.2) Types of Carbohydrate polymers include glycogen, starch, and cellulose.3) Glycogen and Starch store energy in living things for short periods of time4) Carbohydrate polymers are broken down into monomers using Hydrolysis, and synthesized using Dehydration5) Cellulose forms cell walls and strong structures in plants
Modify your NOTES
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 3
Carbohydrate Practice1) Forms groups of 2 (NO MORE). Group
needs 1 blue, 2 white, and 2 yellow sheets. Read the front side of the blue sheet completely.
2) Start the procedures on blue sheet. READ CAREFULLY. When it says paste onto a blue sheet, paste onto your white worksheet. Make sure your name is on your sheet. Answer the questions (talk to your group and check your notes).
Sucrose
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 4
Agenda1) Turn in your carbohydrate sheet up front.2) Nucleic Acids/Lipids Lecture w/notes.3) Review packet for 6.1-6.4
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Monomer: 5 different amino acids
Polymer: RNA and DNA
Nucleic Acids
1) 5 Nucleotides are the monomers that make up the RNA or DNA nucleic acid polymer. These 5 nucleotides are:
1) Thymine, Uracil, Guanine, Adenine, and Cytosine (TUGAC)
2) DNA is found inside the nucleus of our cells.3) Both RNA and DNA act as a set of
instructions for our cells.
We’ll get more into this next trimester
NOTES
Lipids
Lipids
Lipids
1) Lipids store energy long term.2) They also form the majority of the
membrane around our cells3) They’re made of long chains of carbon
and hydrogen atoms. 4) Saturated lipids have no double bonds –
unsaturated fats do. 5) They do not easily dissolve in water
(Hydrophobic)
NOTES
Biochemistry Day 4
1) Expectations:1) Complete 6.1-6.4 packet2) Hand in Carbohydrates sheet from
11/7 if not yet completed3) Quiz Tuesday
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 5
Agenda1) Hand Back Work2) Complete Chapter 6 Review Packet for
Tomorrow (Hand in with quiz)3) Enzyme Lecture w/ notes4) Review Organic Molecules
Enzymes
1) Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering how much energy is needed to have the reaction happen.
2) Enzymes, like all proteins, depend on their shape to work properly FORM = FUNCTION
3) Enzymes are usually shaped so that they target one type of molecule – this molecule is called the substrate
NOTES
Enzymes
NEEDS ENERGY
Enzymes
Enzymes
Enzymes
SUBSTRATE
Enzymes
Enzymes
4) Living organisms are constantly splitting and building molecules in chemical reactions.
5) The amount of energy needed to start a reaction is called the Activation Energy
6) Enzymes lower this activation energy by binding to a substrate – lowering this energy is called Catalysis. (The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme)
NOTES
Enzymes
My expectations for you today are:
1) Complete your chapter 6 packet. This will be handed in tomorrow with your quiz.
2) Draw a new table with all 4 organic molecules, fill it out and review. Tomorrow you have a quiz: there is no excuse to do badly if you study today. Sections 6.1 – 6.4 are fair game for me to use.
3) Quiz each other and check understanding. Please do not waste this time. Look over your notes. Look over your packet. Ask me/other students for clarification.
TODAY:
BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW TODAY:
MONOMERS (name them if needed)
DIFFERENT TYPES/ POLYMERS
FOUND WHERE?
PURPOSE/ FUNCTION
Saccharides (carbohydrates)
Name them Be able to name 3
For each type For each type
Proteins Give some examples we talked about
Nucleic Acids Name them 2 types
Lipids What elements make them up
ALSO READ/REVIEW Sections 6.1-6.4 in your books/packet
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 6
Agenda1) Organic Molecules Quiz OPEN
NOTE2) Enzyme Simulation Parts 1+2, (Parts
3+4) tomorrow
Enzymes
1) Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering how much energy is needed to have the reaction happen.
2) Enzymes, like all proteins, depend on their shape to work properly FORM = FUNCTION
3) Enzymes are usually shaped so that they target one type of molecule – this molecule is called the substrate
OLD NOTES
Enzymes
Enzymes
SUBSTRATE
EnzymesNoncompetitive Inhibition
Enzymes
How to tape your hand for Part 2
Noncompetitive Inhibition
EnzymesCompetitive Inhibition
Enzymes
1) Enzyme activity can be slowed or stopped in several different ways. Two ways are:
2) Competitive InhibitionSomething blocks the active site of the enzyme
3) Noncompetitive InhibitionSomething binds to the enzyme and makes it change shape
NOTES
Enzymes
1) Quiz Results were about 70% (before the curve) between hours 4-5
2) I curved the test to be out of 20 instead of 25. If you scored over 20 received that in extra credit.
3) I had 3 people achieve perfect scores, and 9 additional people got 90% or higher.
4) If you really bombed it, you need to start taking better notes and paying attention during lecture. Ask me for clarification. Please don’t wait until the quiz/test day to get help.
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 7
Agenda1) Quiz Results2) Finish Parts 1-3 Enzyme Activity3) Complete your data tables and graphs
Today is going to be a busy day – work efficiently and use your time. You will NOT get more time, so it’s in your best interest to stay focused, as I’m grading this packet.
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 7
Part 1: Basic Enzyme Function.Part 2: Noncompetitive Inhibition of enzyme function (enzyme changes shape)Part 3: Competitive Inhibition of enzyme function (other molecule gets in the way of the substrate)Hand = EnzymeBean = Substrate Before chemical reactionBean in cup = substrate after chemical reaction
15 TRIALS FOR EACH PART.
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 7
• Right away: open to “Breaking down poison” page.
• Read ALL OF THE DIRECTIONS BEFORE YOU START.
• You get one question about the lab for each table. I expect you to be able to read and follow directions.
• Tips: Glowing splint: use candle to burn splint, then blow out flame.
• If you need hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), take about 20mL in a beaker and bring it back to your table with a graduated cylinder so you can measure there.
• Another tip: Do not put liver down the drains. Wrap in paper and put in garbage. It’ll stink up the room if it goes in the drain.
• For test 6, keep the liver in the hot water bath for ~3 minutes
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 8
Agenda: Work day – Three things to complete1) Graph/Questions for Part 1 (bean lab)
• Complete any parts if you are missing – beans are in back.
2) Table/Questions for Part 2 (Liver Lab)3) Memorize the function and importance of all of the cell parts listed on the board.
• Make yourself notecards, a table, quiz each other, diagram – figure it out.• CELL PART QUIZ ON MONDAY.
Cell PartsKnow these parts:Cell Wall Cell MembraneCentriolesChlorophyllChloroplastCiliaCytoplasmEndoplasmicReticulumFlagellaGolgi Apparatus
LeucoplastLysosomeMicrotubulesMitochondriaNucleusNucleolusPhospholipid BilayerRibosomeVacuole
Cell PartsTUESDAY11/19 all missing assignments will go to a permanent 0.
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 9
Study your table/flashcards/whatever for 10 minutes – PAGE 199 IN YOUR BOOK
CELL PARTS QUIZ
For Part 1: Cross out B, F, and H
For Part 2: Cross out C, L
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 10
Agenda:1) Continue your sections 7.2 and 7.4 reading guide2) Studying for whole class retake of the cell
organelle quiz – you will have exactly 25 minutes tomorrow, no more, no less
3) TEXTBOOK RETURN: 11/25 ($70 fine!)
Not actual distribution, but close
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 10
Agenda:1) Two options:
a. Diagram of the cell with parts labeled with their name and function
b. 300 word essay about all the parts of the cell
Hand in with your quiz for +4 points on the quiz! (if it goes over 20/20 I’ll give extra credit!)
Cell PartsKnow these parts:Cell Wall Cell MembraneCentriolesChlorophyllChloroplastCiliaCytoplasmEndoplasmicReticulumFlagellaGolgi Apparatus
LeucoplastLysosomeMicrotubulesMitochondriaNucleusNucleolusPhospholipid BilayerRibosomeVacuole
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 11
Agenda:1) Quiz Redo (25 minutes EXACTLY – anything not
handed in at the point will not be accepted)2) Diffusion and Osmosis Notes (From section 7.2
and 7.4 and your reading guide).3) Egg Demonstration
Biochemistry and Biomolecules
Biochemistry and Biomolecules
Biochemistry and Biomolecules
Biochemistry and Biomolecules
Biochemistry and Biomolecules
Biochemistry and Biomolecules
1) The invention and use of microscopes allowed us to discover cells.
2) Cells are surrounded by a semipermeable membrane that allows the cell to control what comes in and out. Semipermeable = allows some substance through.
3) This membrane is built out of phospholipids, proteins and other substances.
How does the cell membrane control what comes in and out? (please don’t write this line in your notes..)
NOTES
Biochemistry and BiomoleculesNot all substances can pass through the membrane without help! (Starch, Fats, are too big or have a charge)
Biochemistry and Biomolecules1) Diffusion – movement across the membrane
from high to low concentration
Biochemistry and Biomolecules1) Facilitated Diffusion– movement across the
membrane from high to low concentration
Biochemistry and Biomolecules1) Osmosis – movement of water across the
membrane down a gradient
Biochemistry and Biomolecules1) Passive Transport – movement across the
membrane from high to low concentration (down a concentration gradient)
a. Diffusion: movement through the membrane of small particles (down the gradient)b. Facilitated diffusion: movement through a channel protein (down the gradient)c. Osmosis – Diffusion of water across a membrane
NOTES
Biochemistry and BiomoleculesActive Transport – AGAINST the concentration gradient
Biochemistry and BiomoleculesActive Transport – AGAINST the concentration gradient
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Biochemistry and Biomolecules1) Active Transport– movement across the
membrane from low to high concentration (against a concentration gradient)
a. Active Transport – a protein uses ATP to move the molecules (against the gradient)
b. Endocytosis – molecules go into a vesicle that enters the cell.c. Exocytosis – molecules go into a vesicle that pinches off from the cell
NOTES
Biochemistry and Biomolecules
Biochemistry and Biomolecules
Biochemistry and Biomolecules
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 12
Agenda:1) Continue Diffusion/Osmosis Notes2) Egg Demonstration/Write your explanation
Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Day 13
Agenda:1) Group Test Competition2) REAL test, Monday: Unit 4 on your green sheet
1) Organic Molecules: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates
2) Enzymes – how do they work?3) Cell organelles/parts4) Diffusion/Osmosis/Movement across the
membrane