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Biochar, Fuel and Water Production from Municipal Waste Steams
Appropriate Use of our Carbon, Nutrient, Energy Storehouses
Danny DayEprida Power and Life Sciences
2010 U.S. Biochar Initiative Conference
What are our primary long term goals?
Sustainability by:
Recycling our plant nutrients
Maintaining/improving soil fertility
Capture and use available energy
Building integrated local economies
Where are our nutrients?
Are they here?
We always have added nutrients
But where do get plant nutrients?
We mine most mineral nutrients. These are early 1900 circa Florida phosphate mines.
And today?
We continue to mine minerals like potassium from these petroleum powered potash mines.
Yet we now can recycle the energy and value of almost everything
Some of us have learned how to use and reuse even better
Tree Swing
Recycling has become fun
Recycling to new levels!
But what about the vast quantities of nutrients we consume each year?
Can this system capture those lostand squandered nutrients?
Will we need to learn new behaviors?
It is a big challenge
Practices of Nutrient Recovery
Composting sewage sludge
Short soil retention time
Possible pathogen distribution
Drugs, antibiotics & long term implications
Extracting and Concentration
Typical fertilizer issues, i.e. retention time, salts build up, leaching, reduction in microbial diversity, loss of nitrogen.
Proposed Options
Use yard waste as screw press filtration sweetener to remove bio-solids
Use crushing pyrolysis to size particles needed for maximum aggregate formation
Use staged pyrolysis to separate ammonia gas
and trap nutrients within biochar matrix
Use submerged plasma arc to reform oil into
hydrogen process gas (MagnegasTM) needed to smokeless process wet sludge
Yard Waste + Sewage?
NO!
NO!
Not Here!
Yard Waste + Sewage Sewage systems must remove the solids
from the liquid stream to properly function
Yet adding ground up wood fiber, bark, tree trimmings can improve the performance of low cost dewatering (i.e. screw presses) and provide needed carbon for later biochar production.
Biomass
BioChar
Bio-Oil
EpridaManure and Biomass Processing
Manure
BioSoildsDewatering and Plug FeedingProcess
Chipped
Green
Multi Staged
Transport Reactor
Using a Screw Press
This Press Technology and Mfg, Inc screw press dewaters
and acts as screw feeder for pyrolysis reactors. (www.presstechnology.com)
AM Fungi produce a glue “Glomalin” shown in light green, which aggregates small soil particles
This increases water and air holding capacity, resulting in soil tilth with increased biomass yields.
AM Fungi live 3 weeks. The glue binding the particles remains for decades.
The structures are biologically built cathedrals, with large internal volumes
Fertile Soil is “aggregated”
silt, clay and sand particles
Charcoal addition to the
soil provides nutrient and
water storage center for
mycorrhizal fungi
Their hyphae invade
charcoal pores and
support spore
reproduction
Ogawa
Kansai Environmental
Charcoal is sought out by AMF
Fungi on New Char
Fungi on 100 Yr Old Char
Untreated Soil -16cm from surface
Soil Aggregate Demonstration 1/8 inch top cover of inoculated biochar
Biology + Charcoal = Fast Aggregate Formation
Treated Soil – 16cm from surface
Untreated Soil -16cm
Treated Soil -16cm
Aggregate
110 days after surface application of 50/50 biochar& compost, this clay soil was converted to this
200x
200x
Char and Aggregate Formationto Increase Water Holding Capacity
Char factors: Natural gradient of diverse
pyrolytic condensate to support widest range of life
Dissolved organic matter holding capacity (inverse to wetting rate)
Optimize particle size relationship (char-to-colloid)
Microbial/Fungi inoculation
AggregateVolume for
CarbonStorage
Material Process ResultsYields BTU
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Percent Yield
Feedst
ock
Yield by Feedstock
Biochar Yield
Bio-Oil Yield0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Feedstock
BTU
/lb
BTU Measurements
Source Material BTU
BTU Bio-oil
BTU Bio-char
Smokeless Pyrolysis
406C
PyrolysisComplete
Magnegas Sweep Gas Flow Rate 0.5 SCFH
For:Oil StabilizationOil YieldSmokeless Pyrolysis
50C 78C 87C 105C 112C 288C 352C
380C 403C 416C 424C 419C 411C 410C
This multipurpose fuel can drive your car as well as cut metal better and twice as fast as actelyne.
2009 Eprida & Magnegas (MNGA) offer a Carbon-Negative Oxygen Positive Fuel from Organic Waste
2 inch bar stock sliced like butter
EPRIDA and MagnegasMulti-Product Biomass Refinery
Produce valuable fuel and bio-coproducts - now!
Restore topsoil - now!
Turn waste into profits
Magnegas Fueled
Magnegas Power and Fueled
Fuel Alternative –A Comparison of Exhaust
ECOSSFertilizer
Mixing Plug/Feeder
BioChar
Bio-Oil
Flocculate
and Lime
Activated Carbon
OutgassingAmmonia and Water Vapor
Multi Stage Transport ReactorDewatering
&Screw Plug
FeedingSystem
Biomass/
Yardwaste
Sewage
Hot Gas Filter
Condensing and Gas Return
Sludge
BioSoilds
Sedimentation
Biochar Filter
BiologicalReactor
Final Clarifier
Disinfection
Activated Carbon Polishing
Discharge Water
Magnegas
Combustion Housing
Fluidized
Precipitator
Cyclone
Discharge
Plasma Arc
Flow Recycler
HeatMagnegas
Storage
Exhaust
Compressor
+30 Watts/SCF
Burner
Process Diagram
Color Removal
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Effluent Biochar Filtered
Biochar Filtered 2
Acivated Carbon Filtered
Acivated Carbon
Filtered2
Perc
ent re
moved
Filtration by Biochar and AC
Measured by Spectronic Gensys 20
Biomass Processing Analysis Services
Samples and yields produced
Accurate Oil Yields
Biochar
Custom Biochar Fertilizer Development
Nitrogen – Total 3.96%
Nitrate Nitrogen 0.12%
Available P2O5 4.47%
P2O5 – Total 4.60%
K2O – Total 6.51%
Boron 0.009%
Zinc 0.012%
Manganese 0.072%
Iron 0.708%
Copper 0.024%
Magnesium 0.450%
Use: 2-3 Tablespoons per pot around roots
Are we are all committed to making this work?
Sample Testing and Analysis
Please remove stool sample before use
Thank you for your kind attention
Danny DayEprida Power and Life Sciences