BIO TECHNOLOGY 10th Grade - Biology. BIOTECHNOLOGY Land, Air, Water & Minerals Definition : The...
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BIO TECHNOLOGY 10th Grade - Biology. BIOTECHNOLOGY Land, Air, Water & Minerals Definition : The application of technology utilizing the characteristics
BIOTECHNOLOGY Land, Air, Water & Minerals Definition : The
application of technology utilizing the characteristics of living
organization to obtain useful products is termed as biotechnology.
The science of applying biological processes is called
biotechnology. The application of biological organisms, systems or
processes to manufacturing and service industries is called
biotechnology.
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BIOTECHNOLOGY PROCESSES Land, Air, Water & Minerals Genetic
Engineering The technique of effecting desirable changes in the
genetic material (DNA) of an organism is known as genetic
engineering. The process involved in manipulating genes in the
laboratory is called recombinant DNA technology. By this technique,
it is possible to separate the desirable or useful gene from a cell
and introduce it into another cell where the gene can undergo
further replication. DNA Finger Print Technology This is another
useful technique in biotechnology used for identifying individuals
by determining the genetic relationships. DNA finger printing
technique basically involves breaking down the DNA sample of an
individual using specific enzymes into short Fragments and then
separating the fragments using gel electrophoresis. The fragments
get separated based on their size and net electrical Charge. Larger
fragments move more slowly compared to smaller fragments. As a
result, a series of bands are obtained in the form of a finger
print. This is called DNA finger print. This characteristic pattern
is unique to each individual. Tissue Culture It is the method of
producing plants using a portion of a plant tissue or cells in a
suitable nutrient medium under controlled aseptic conditions.
Generally plant cells have the capacity to produce plants of their
own kind. Tissue culture is developed on the basis of this
principle. From a bit of a plant stem placed in a suitable culture
medium, an entire plant can be obtained. Sophisticated laboratory
is required for tissue culture. Such a laboratory will have mainly
three separate rooms, one to prepare the nutrient medium, another
for culturing and one more for infections. Each of these rooms will
have sophesticated equipments, air conditioning, aseptic conditions
and other necessary facilities. Cloning A population of identical
molecules (genes) or cells or organisms all of which are derived
from the same parent, by an asexual process, is called as a clone.
The process of producing genetically similar molecules, cells or
organisms from a common precursor invitro or invivo, is known as
cloning. Cloning of organisms is now a rapidly developing aspect of
biotechnology.
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GENETIC ENGINEERING Land, Air, Water & Minerals
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TISSUE CULTURE Land, Air, Water & Minerals
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DNA FINGER PRINT TECHNOLOGY Land, Air, Water &
Minerals
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BIOTECHNOLOGY PROCESSES Cloning Land, Air, Water &
Minerals
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APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Land, Air, Water & Minerals
1.Biotechnology has significant application in agriculture. Its
action ranges from improvement of plant and animal breeds to pest
control and pathogen control. 2.Biotechnology is used in the food
processing industry in the production of acceptable additives. 3.
Several techniques of biotechnology are employed in the synthesis
of biocatalysts and biopolymers. 4. Biotechnological processes are
employed in the control of pollution and treatment of polluted
water. 5. The most significant contribution of biotechnology is in
the field of health care; several vaccines, drugs, hormones (like
insulin) are being produced on a large scale using genetic
engineering techniques.
Slide 9
LIMITATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Land, Air, Water & Minerals It
is beyond any doubt that biotechnology has come as a boon to
mankind, by providing products of importance in the fields of
industries, food technology, healthcare, environmental engineering
and so on. However, some of the procedures and processes that are
being adapted in biotechnology have been against nature and natural
laws. Creation of new varities of plants by using the technology of
genetic engineering and tissue culture, has resulted in certain
advantages. However, closely associated with these advantages are
certain disadvantages like seed sterility. Genetically modified
foods have slowly started threatening the human health. Moreover,
such attempts have upset the delicate balance existing in nature.
Cloning in particular has raised serious social, moral and ethical
questions.There have been protests in many countries against
attempts for human cloning it is necessary that the tools of
biotechnology should be used properly and only for beneficial
purposes; and not for destructive activities.