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Course Description
• This second semester continues the basic
principles explored in Biology I and examines
members of the animal kingdom with particular
emphasis on mammalian anatomy and
physiology. Laboratory work complements the
lecture material.
• Prerequisites: ENG-013, ENG-023 and MTH-
029
• We will have a short lecture at the beginning of most labs. We have about 2 hours of lecture and 4 hours of lab a week
• You are expected to attend all lectures and labs!
• Read assigned readings prior to coming to class.
• Read over the syllabus, and ask questions! All
lectures, handouts and helpful links are online
at http://bealbio2.weebly.com/
Course Description
Grading
• Grades are based on exams, quizzes and lab work.
1. 4 exams worth 100 pts each = 400 pts
2. Lab practicals and exercises = 180 pts
3. Final Project = 50 pts
Total points for this course = 650 points
Final Project
• This project is designed to have you synthesis
some of the main ideas in this course and tie
them together.
• You have a lot of creative freedom but…
– Everything must be referenced
– You must complete the project by April 29th
Final Project – Choice 1
• Comparative anatomy
• Compare and contrast your choice of three (3)
systems that we covered (ie circulatory,
excretory, nervous) between two groups (phyla
or class) AND humans. What are the
similarities, differences? How does the animal's
structure reflect the functions of each system?
•
Final Project – choice 2
• Detailed exploration of 1 group (phyla or
class)
• Include the taxa's classification, body plan and
characteristics, feeding, breeding, specific
adaptations and detail at least 5 subgroups for
your group. Pictures and/or diagrams must be
included and properly referenced.
Finally…
Ask me if you have any questions!
Chapter 1: Inquiring About the World of Life
• Evolution is the process of change that has transformed life on Earth
• Biology is the scientific study of life
• Biologists ask questions such as:
– How a single cell develops into an organism
– How the human mind works
– How living things interact in communities
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
• Life defies a simple, one-sentence definition
• Life is recognized by what living things do
Video: Seahorse Camouflage
What is life?
http://ushadangwal.blogspot.com/
Concept 1.2: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
• “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the
light of evolution”—Theodosius Dobzhansky
• Evolution unifies biology at different scales of
size throughout the history of life on Earth
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Organizing the Diversity of Life
• Approximately 1.8 million species have been
identified and named to date, and thousands
more are identified each year
• Estimates of the total number of species that
actually exist range from 10 million to over 100
million
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 1-14 Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain
Ursus americanus
(American black bear)
Ursus
Ursidae
Carnivora
Mammalia
Chordata
Animalia
Eukarya
Taxonomy is the branch of
biology that names and
classifies species into groups.
Domains, followed by kingdoms,
are the broadest units of
classification
Fig. 1-15
(a) DOMAIN BACTERIA
(b) DOMAIN ARCHAEA
(c) DOMAIN EUKARYA
Protists
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom
Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
The domain Eukarya
includes three
kingdoms:
– Plantae
– Fungi
– Animalia
There are 3 domains
Domain Bacteria and domain
Archaea comprise the
prokaryotes
Domain Eukarya includes all
eukaryotic organisms
Unity in the Diversity of Life
• A striking unity underlies the diversity of life
– DNA is the universal genetic language
common to ALL organisms
The Tree of Life
• “Unity in diversity” arises from “descent with
modification”
– For example, the forelimb of the bat, human,
horse and the whale flipper all share a
common skeletal architecture
• Fossils provide additional evidence of
anatomical unity from descent with modification
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
You should now be able to:
1. Briefly describe the unifying themes that
characterize the biological sciences
2. Distinguish among the three domains of life,
and the eukaryotic kingdoms
3. Know the major expectations of this course!
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
