BIM for Healthcare Design

7/27/2019 BIM for Healthcare Design

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bim-for-healthcare-design 1/32

Copyright Filiz Ozel

BUILDING

INFORMATION MODELINGFOR HEALTHCARE FACILITIES

Dr. Filiz Ozel,

Arizona State UniversityCollege of Design




What is BIM?

Building Information Models (BIM) are:

Object oriented 3 dimensional digitalbuilding models that can store and handle

critical building information Intelligent 3-dimensional models of a

facility for the design, construction and/or operations phases of a building.

Repository of building information over thelife cycle of a building




Why is a BIM model intelligent?

Can capture the spatial and functionalrelationships between building components andspaces.

Can incorporate the business processes of the

users of a building.Can reflect construction methods and processesin the building’s digital model.

Not just a 3D picture.

Can support team work and collaboration duringdesign and construction phases by allowingsharing of crucial information needed by eachteam player.




Real

world

object

Real

world

object

Real

world

object

Visualization

Three

dimensional

model of a

building (or

buildings)

Spatial

Relationship

of objects

Materiality

Cost

Performance

of the design

HVAC, MEP

objects

Businessprocesses

related

information




Life safety analysis

1981: An early example of data structure that allowed design

analysis- ArchFire based on CAEADS




BIM tools (software)

Bentley Architecture

Bentley Architecture, Structural, Building

Mechanical Systems, Building Electrical

SystemsGraphisoft ArchiCAD,

VectorWorks ARCHITECT from Nemetschek

Autodesk's Revit and Architectural DesktopMEP, structural and construction integration

Autodesk – NavisWorks, etc.




Links to BIM software providers

Autodesk-Revit Building Information Modeling

http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=1231

12&id=9976276

For Return on Investment discussion, please see:http://images.autodesk.com/adsk/files/bim_roi_jan07_1_.

pdf

Bentley BIM Solutionshttp://www.bentley.com/en-

US/Promo/Build+As+One/Solutions/

http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=9976276


http://images.autodesk.com/adsk/files/bim_roi_jan07_1_.pdf


http://www.bentley.com/en-US/Promo/Build+As+One/Solutions/












Graphisoft- ArchiCAD

Orcutt-Winslow, Phoenix, AZ www.owp.com

This Architectural and Interior Design firm specializes in Healthcare Facility

Design along with other areas such as Education, Hospitality, etc.

The firm is one of the early adopters of BIM thorugh the use of ArchiCAD from

Graphisoft.

Please select Resources tab for more information about Virtual Project designedby Orcutt Winslow’s IT team and as well as to learn about Virtual Building

concept by Graphisoft

Graphisoft ArchiCADIntelligent objectshttp://www.graphisoft.com/products/archicad/object_intelligence/

http://www.owp.com/

http://www.graphisoft.com/products/archicad/object_intelligence/

http://www.graphisoft.com/products/archicad/object_intelligence/

http://www.owp.com/




Knowledge about the building

Information structure based on knowledge

Knowledge about building functions

Provided by the client/user

Specifies building activities and its performance

Expert knowledge

Provided by AEC specialists such as MEP experts,structural engineers, fire safety experts, etc.




Knowledge incorporated into BIM

Building performance knowledge

Choice of materials

Manufacturer’s products

Energy performance Cost, etc.

Design process knowledge

Collaboration - shared digital model

Meet design project documentation requirementssuch as 3d visualization, automatic generation of

plan, section, elevation, etc.




BIM use at different phases of the life cycle of a

facility

SchematicDesign

DesignDevelopment

Construction Facility usephase

- Client –

designer

collaboration

-3D visualization

for concept

building/testing

-A single, shared

integrative model,

for collaboration of the architectural,

engineering and

construction (AEC)

team.

-Documentation

and

communication of the design project

- Shared Integrated

building model

used bycontractors and

subcontractors,

thus reduce the

number of RFC’s

and RFI’s

-- 4D modeling –

animation,sequence of

construction

activities

- Integrated

building model to

support facilitymanagement

activities

-Detailed 3D

model of building

and its systems

as built




Why BIM for healthcare facility design?

Very complex functional requirements to meetthe needs of a very diverse list of users

Repetitive activities that can lend themselves to

prototyping – e.g. patient rooms, surgical suites,etc.

Precision that is necessary to meet thefunctional requirements

Very costly to correct design and constructionerrors due to specialized technology embeddedin healthcare facilities




Why BIM for healthcare facility design?

Simulation of flow of people, materials andinformation during daily functioning of a healthcarefacility

Complex mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP)

needs due to medical equipment and technologyVery complex structural needs due to unusualdesign loads

Compartmentation requirements due to need tocontain potentially hazardous environments as well

as to prevent contamination – HVAC implications




Schematic design phase

3D models, walkthroughs as facilitator of discussion between architectural team and theclient

Can be used with focus groups

Animated simulation of treatment rooms

Potential to reduce the need for full scale mockup’s (of patient rooms, surgical suites, etc.)

Repository of the initial information provided bythe client such as site information, arearequirements

Scenario testing for clients




Design Development Phase

Digital prototypes – e.g. 3D prototype of a typical

patient room

Healthcare facility object hierarchies

Parametric modeling – object libraries

Checking of sightlines, lighting, space use

Spatial planning diagrams, area checking

Guidelines for healthcare facility design can bestored to guide the design process (e.g. 2006 AIA

Guidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facilities,http://www.aia.org/aah_gd_hospcons )

http://www.aia.org/aah_gd_hospcons

http://www.aia.org/aah_gd_hospcons




Healthcare facility data and object

modeling: Space based

Patientroom

Hospital

ward

Patientroom

Patientroom

Patientroom

Patientroom

Circulation areas in the ward

Nurse’s

station

Storage

Utility rooms

/custodial

Lab’s

Credit: Author




Healthcare facility data and object modeling:

component based

Zone 1

Walls

Room type 1

Windows

Furniture

Doors

Walls

Room type 2

Windows

Furniture

Doors

Equipment

Credit: Author




Design Development Phase

Purpose-built integrated 3D model tocommunicate design and constructioninformation

Facilitates AEC team collaboration

Can support just-in-time decision makingprocess for equipment purchasing decisions – medical equipment planning

Interference checking between MEP and

structural systems (e.g. with Navisworkssoftware seehttp://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=10571094 and

http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=10726113)








Purpose-built Modeling

Purpose-built modeling refers to the process of selectively building

detailed models of building sections/components to check

interference, to provide more detailed information to the construction

team, for information to the client at early design phase, etc.

Interference Checking through purpose-built BIM models. Sellen

Construction in Michigan built a detailed model of the ceiling space

above the Operations Room for interference/clash checking.

Please see the following link for a more extensive discussion of

interference checking and BIM use in Healthcare Facility Design by

this company:

http://www.djc.com/news/co/11184025.html






Design development/Construction phase

Improved productivity - easy retrieval of

information

Increased coordination/better sharing of

construction documentsIncreased speed of delivery

Prefabrication potential

Potential cost savingsReduced number of RFC’s and RFI’s




Construction phase

4-D modeling – time based modeling

For renovation and additions made to a facility

Sequencing of the construction process can beviewed and tested

Temporary access sequences can be planned

(Jim Jacobi at Houston based structural engineer Walter P. Moore – conflict of the crane arm with theflight path of the medical helicopter noticed byhospital staff during the viewing of a 4D BIM modelof the construction process.)




BIM war room approach

Problems can be resolved before the

construction teams go out the work site

Seattle based NBBJ installing large flat screen

monitors in construction site trailers to facilitatecollaboration of the building team through the

sharing of an integrated BIM model

“BIM war room” approach used in the design of

the Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA.




BIM in Healthcare Facility Use Phase

Support managers and administrators of healthcarefacilities in the daily functioning and maintenance of thefacility

Keep record of specific functional testing

procedures for healthcare specific use rooms.

Provide a baseline model for future remodeling or expansion projects

Open building design concept – BIM can be used inmanagement of built-in flexibility – See Insel Hospital

project in Switzerland at (this site does not explore BIMuse, but summarizes use of open architecture for hospital design.)

http://www.aia.org/journal_aah.cfm?pagename=aah_jrnl_openbuilding_ 102704&dspl=1&article=article

http://www.aia.org/journal_aah.cfm?pagename=aah_jrnl_openbuilding_102704&dspl=1&article=article







AIA BIM award winning project

Design firm: HOK London

Construction: Skanska

http://www.aia.org/SiteObjects/files/hok.pdf

The Royal London Hospital – 44 buildings, over 1,360,000 sq ft new, 548,000 sq ft refurbishment

The St. Bartholomew’s Hospital – 28 buildings, 414,000sq ft new, 150,000 sq ft refurbishment

700 million £, 900 in-patient beds, 10,000 rooms, over 300,00 equipment

Facility will remain in operation during construction.






Project management issues

Culture and process changes required in advance of theuse of BIM.

BIM specialist added to the team: responsible for the integrity of the BIM model,

divided the work based on the real world building sections rather than by drawing sheet or level.

Requires staff who are knowledgeable about buildingconstruction as well as computer skills.

Choosing firms with BIM expertise as well as with BIM

interoperability

The need for standardization of project managementprocesses and information communication




Data management issues

Who owns/generates/maintains which data

Granular division of data needs to be standardized. Depends on the objectand data model the BIM team chooses to include in the BIM model of thehealthcare facility, since BIM software do not readily provide such anoccupancy specific object/data model.

A comprehensive database that includes space and equipment informationfor the hospital as well as construction information for the building itself.

Unique to the Royal London Hospital project was the integration of asoftware called Codebook, which encapsulates key government-sanctionedmedical information and requirements. This software is linked to theprincipal ADT models, allowing the designers to constantly check that roomlayouts and services fulfill the requirements of medical need




Challenges

Change of culture regarding how the AEC team workstogether

Identifying the expectations of all of the key players from

the BIM model

Choice of software that matches the expectations of theclient, the AEC team as well as the facility managementteam (interoperability)




Challenges

Building the most helpful conceptual object and datamodel

Lack of standardization regarding how healthcare facilityrelated objects must be structured and modeled.

The initial time investment in creating a BIM model of thefacility

Deciding the level of detail to be included – matching thelevel with the decision support mission of the model built




Recommendations

Be prepared to make BIM the heart of the

process – BIM war room approach

Include a BIM manager on the AEC team

Identify expectations ahead of time

Clarify the purpose of the BIM model for

the AEC-FM team

Clarify the degree of commitment to BIM

implementation (for customization, etc.)




Recommendations

Establish protocols for communication, for building the model, for informationrequests, etc.

Consider who generates and owns thedata

Consider data interoperability issues

ahead of timeDecide who will be the keeper of the BIMmodel when it is all said and done




Summary of BIM use at different phases of the life cycle of a healthcare

facility

SchematicDesign DesignDevelopment Construction Facility usephase

-Can facilitate

designer/client

interaction, walk

through’s, 3Dmodels of initial

design ideas

-Can facilitate

discussion of the

architectural

program through

focus groups,can eliminate the

need for full size

mock ups

-Client provided

Info documented

(site info, arch

program, etc.)

- Shared Integrated

building model that

help the AEC team

to collaborate

-Repository of

object libraries and

building

components

-Standardization,

prototyping,parametric

modeling

- Interference

checking

- Expert knowledge

and design

decision rationale

- Shared Integrated

building model

used by

contractors andsubcontractors,

thus reduce the

number of RFC’s

and RFI’s

- Animated

representation of

the constructionsequence,

scheduling, 4-D

modeling

- Cost estimating,

quantity

calculations, etc.

- Integrated

building model to

support facilitymanagement

activities

- Detailed 3D

model of building

systems

- Manage flow of

materials, peopleand information

through the

integrated

database of

building

information




Thank you!

This document is provided “as is”, and copyright holder(s) make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to,

warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, noninfringement, or title; that the contents of the document are suitable for any

purpose; nor that the implementation of such contents will not infringe any third party patents, copyrights, trademarks or other rights.

Copyright holder(s) will not be liable for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages arising out of any use of the document or the

performance or implementation of the contents thereof.

Documents

BIM for Healthcare Design