Bil 1/2016

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S U R U H A N J A Y A P E R K H I D M A T A N A I R N E G A R A 1

BIL 1 . 2016

2016 1Bil 1. 2016

JAN - MAC

Tangki Simpanan- Penyenggaraan Tanggungjawab Siapa?

Menarik di dalam

Standardization of Sewage Treatment Plants Through Development of Technical Specification

DEVELOPMENT OF THE WATER SERVICES INDUSTRY:Achievements and Progress

Transformation and Achievements of Water Operators After Migrating to Licensing Regime

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S U R U H A N J A Y A P E R K H I D M A T A N A I R N E G A R A2

Kandungan / Contents

Sidang Pengarang / Editorial Board

Penasihat / AdvisorYBhg. Dato’ Mohd Ridhuan Ismail

Ahli-Ahli / MembersCik Leow Peen FongEn. Marzuki MohammadIr. Mohd Shukri Abdul RazikPn. Carol PellyPn. Loh Pit MuiEn. Mohammad Helmie Mohd Noor Yazid

Penyelaras / CoordinatorPn. Carol Pelly

Diterbitkan oleh / Published bySuruhanjaya PerkhidmatanAir Negara (SPAN)Ground & First FloorPrima Avenue 7, Block 3510Jalan Teknokrat 6,63000 CyberjayaSelangor Darul EhsanTel: 03-8317 9333Fax: 03-8317 9339

www.span.gov.my


Tariff Setting Under The New Licensing Regime - Licensing and Tariff Division

Sewerage Works Approval Transformation - Effectiveness Through Simplicity

Standardization of Sewage Treatment Plants Through Development of Technical Specification

Promoting WELPS to Consumers

The Importance of Managing Sewage

TANGKI SIMPANAN AIR – Penyenggaraan Tanggungjawab Siapa?

Aktiviti SPAN - (Jan - Mac 2016)

03 - 07

10 -11

12

13

14 - 15

16 - 18

19

08 - 09

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• Water the lawn or your plants early morning or late evening to avoid water loss through evaporation from the heat.

• Use a broom not a hose to clean the driveways and sidewalks.

• Use a garden watering can or a bucket to water your lawn or garden instead of a hose.

• Use a bucket to wash your car and avoid using a hose.

• Avoid using a mist fan for cooling as it consumes a lot of water if used over a period of time.

• Consider replacing some turf area with low water use plants and ornamental grass. They are easier to maintain than turf, looks beautiful and require far less water.

• Group plants based on its watering needs. Creating “watering zones” in your garden will allow you to give each plant the water it requires — not too much or too little.

• Keep landscapes free of weeds. Weeds are water thieves and will rob your plants of water and nutrients.

Water Saving Tips Outdoor

BIL 1 . 2016

2016 1Bil 1. 2016

JAN - MAC

Tangki Simpanan-

Penyenggaraan

Tanggungjawab

Siapa?

Menarik di dalam

Standardization of

Sewage Treatment

Plants Through

Development

of Technical

Specification

DEVELOPMENT

OF THE WATER

SERVICES

INDUSTRY:

Achievements

and Progress

Transformation and

Achievements of

Water Operators

After Migrating to

Licensing Regime

1603 12

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The transformation of the water industry in Peninsular Malaysia in the past decade has seen a tremendous impact on the water services scenario since the inception of the Water Services Industry Act. This year marks the tenth anniversary of the Water Services Industry Act and the formation of SPAN, the national water services regulator which was formed to regulate the performance of the various water operators throughout Peninsular Malaysia. The Act was also enacted to set a standard code of practice imposed on all water operators and to set the way forward for all operators to achieve a designated set of KPIs in discharging its services to its consumers.

SAMB was among the first water operators to heed the call of the Federal Government to migrate to the new regime. In reflecting the path taken by SAMB since its migration, it is evident that the move has been beneficial to the company as a whole compared to its status before migration. This is proven by the various awards accorded to SAMB in charting its way forward with the ultimate aim of achieving a world class status by 2030, a challenging vision that is not impossible to reach. The long term strategy formulated by SAMB is spelt out in its 30 years Strategic Business Plan which forms the basis for SAMB to move forward to achieve world class standard. It also acts as a guide for the future generation of SAMB’s management to act based on the principles outlined in the strategic business plan.

To streamline the activities as contained in the strategic plan, a further refinement of the plan is prepared based on a series of 3 year period to focus on the core activities highlighted in the strategic plan. Called the 3 years rolling business plan, it highlights the salient activities that need to be carried out to achieve the targets set. It encompasses all aspects relating to SAMB’s core business values in ensuring the deliverables as set out in the KPIs are appropriately discharged to all the stakeholders involved. To give emphasis on the significance of the 3 years rolling business plan, SAMB has assigned themes to reflect the aspiration expected of the particular rolling plan. For the 1st OP(2010-2012), the theme adopted was “strenghtening the system” to reflect SAMB’s resolve in overhauling the existing

distribution supply system which has been plaguing the state distribution system before. This ensures that all consumers are assured of a stable supply through a series of network connectivity that provides flexibility to the supply system. The main thrust of that operating period was in the replacement of old assets to minimise supply interruptions, ensure a high water quality standard and a determined approach to reducing the NRW level. On a similiar note, the theme of the 2nd OP(2013-2015) dubbed ‘Operational Excellence’ aimed

to chart the way forward towards world class standard. The continued efforts taken by the management finally bore fruit when SAMB was awarded the prestigious award for excellence by KeTTHA for two consecutive years in 2013 and 2014. The award accorded to SAMB in 2013 was for “Technical Awards” and “Most Promising Water Services Operator of The Year” and this culminated in 2014 when SAMB was conferred the coveted title of “KeTTHA Excellence Award (Water)”. At the state level, SAMB was also awarded the “Green Technology” award for its Bukit Sebukor water treatment plant for its efforts to contribute to the green technology vision of the state by 2020. Having achieved its set target of operational excellence, SAMB shifted its emphasis to focus more on its customer service in the 3rd OP which is the current OP(2016-2018). Realising that its customers are among its most important assets, a campaign of ‘Customer First’ was initiated to acknowledge SAMB’s appreciation of its customer support in its daily operations. A series of corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes have been drawn up to engage the public with SAMB and to further reduce the gap between both parties.

Under the new migration the task of providing sufficient raw water and the preservation of water catchment areas falls under the responsibility of the respective state governments. SAMB, being a water operator, is primarily responsible for the treatment and distribution of treated water in compliance with the standards set by the KKM. To achieve this objective, the guiding principle is to comply to the KPIs set by SPAN that covers all the basic aspects of the water industry covering treatment, operation and finance. This has prompted SAMB to restructure its company organisation to enable each internal

SYARIKAT AIR MELAKA BERHAD (SAMB)


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Our business in SAJH is to provide source-to-tap water supply services to end-customers in the entire state of Johor, the second most populous state in Malaysia. Our focus has always been the customer for which we revolved our services and business around. Since SAJH migrated to the new licensing regime in 2009, we were granted licence to source raw water, treatment and distribution of treated water to consumers. We provide a full range of customer services including billing

department to focus its attention in attaining the overall KPIs of the company. SAMB realised that a dedicated and diligent workforce is the backbone to its continued survival, and the task to elevate the employee’s high working culture commitment is filtered down to the human resource department. Through a continuous series of awareness courses, the will to commit and contribute to SAMB’s operational excellence is deeply ingrained in its workforce.

Maintaining the water assets and implementing projects that are necessary to ensure a continuous supply coverage, including replacing old and inefficient assets, is also one of the main focus of SAMB. Obviously this requires the necessary sufficient funding to finance the tasks involved. Before migration, the main source of funding was from loans provided by the Federal government which was channelled through the state government allocated within the national 5 years development plan series. Each state has to compete with each other to obtain the required project funding allocation, with no guarantee that approval will be given. The impact is that the much needed project might have to be delayed until such time when the necessary funding is finally obtained. Under the migration exercise, a funding mechanism was formulated to assist the water operator obtain the required financing in implementing capital expenditure (CAPEX) projects. This helps to ensure that projects that are planned in the respective operating periods including long term projects are successfully implemented for the benefit of SAMB. Under this funding model, the liabilities of SAMB are taken over by PAAB which is a water asset holding company fully owned by the Federal government. SAMB is required to transfer its water assets to PAAB for a period of 45 years and in return SAMB pays lease rental to PAAB at an agreed rate . Under this exercise SAMB operates as a light asset company whereby the funding burden by SAMB is eased, enabling it to shift its focus towards better operational efficiency.

One aspect that SAMB managed to achieve since migration is in the reduction of its NRW level. Immediately after migration in 2008 SAMB focused its attention seriously in taking steps towards a holistic NRW reduction programme which was one of the national water agenda. Through careful planning and

SAJ HOLDINGS Sdn Bhd (SAJH)

the setting up of a dedicated team, SAMB managed to reduce

its NRW level drastically from its base level of 33% in 2008 to

19.3% in 2015. SAMB aims to reduce this level further to 18% by

the end of 2016 and to register on record as the state with the

lowest NRW level in the country. With the ability to obtain easy

funding for NRW related projects and the positive work ethics

shown by the staff involved, SAMB is confident that this feat is

not impossible to achieve.

With the funding problems sorted out and the establishment

of SAMB as an asset light company, it enables SAMB to shift

its emphasis towards a more comprehensive operational

efficiency and to concentrate fully on meeting the demands

and expectation of its customers. A fully equipped customer call

centre was established at SAMB’s headquarters and operational

round the clock. All complaints are captured and recorded at this

centre and subsequently conveyed to the respective districts

for prompt action. Statistics monitored annually has shown a

significant decrease in the number of pipe burst over the years.

As a comparison, the number of pipe bursts received in 2008

was 3,565 and this figure was further reduced to 235 in 2015.

One critical success factor in the reduction of these figures is

due to the continuous asset replacement programmes carried

out and the steps taken by the management to strengthen the

network system while simultaneously implementing network

connectivity to provide flexibility of supply.

In conclusion, the water supply scenario in Melaka has witnessed

a marked improvement since SAMB heeds the Federal

government’s call to migrate under the new regime with SPAN

acting its role as the regulator of SAMB’s overall performance.

The outcome of its performance is determined according to

the prescribed set of KPIs covering the operational, financial

and customer driven requirements of the water industry.

While it cannot be denied that there are occasional hiccups in

SAMB’s daily operations, the gradual operational improvement

achieved throughout the years in the aftermath of migration

is living proof of the benefits attained as compared to the

scenario before migration.

and collection services, complaints management, quality assurance etc. All those services excellences have been the pride of SAJH as we continue to perform surpassing our earlier achievements. Our “asset-light” business model allows us to focus on continuous improvement in operational efficiencies. Our operational capacity is reflected in us meeting the KPIs as agreed and monitored by SPAN.

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SAJH’s performance in terms of efficiency has shown remarkable achievement. The operation covers all major business, a result of our continuous efforts to enhance efficiency, regular monitoring of our operations and centralized procurements, coupled with technological enhancements, building up skills and expertise as well as improving work culture, we managed to obtain cost savings in almost all of our operation areas.

Currently SAJH operates and maintains all 44 water treatment plants (WTPs) effectively and efficiently as to produce high quality treated water in line with National Drinking Water Quality (NDWQ) Standard. SAJH also has achieved the highest level of efficiency in the areas of supply coverage, continuous water supply, water treatment plant reserve margin, fast response and resolution to complaints. For such efficiency, SAJH was recognised by Malaysian Water Association as one of the best water supply company in area of Excellence in Total Water Management and Operating Efficiency. Since then, SAJH has continued this excellence as proven by SAJH continuous compliance toward SPAN’s efficiency KPIs.

As at the end of February 2016, SAJH Holdings registered customer base is 1,090,213 at comprising of 940,575 domestic and 149,638 non-domestic customers. SAJH also showed one the best records among water operators in billing and total collections efficiency.

Fresh, clean water is the essence of life, essential to our very existence. With this in mind, SAJ Holdings Sdn Bhd (SAJH) is fully committed to take on the challenge of preserving and sustaining a clean and safe water supply in order to meet this basic need of humankind. We strive to lead the industry in taking this initiative forward. Never content with our past achievements, we continuously work harder towards improving our standards, operational effectiveness, optimum water quality and ultimately provide value-added customer service. We strongly believe that; the more quality of raw water, the more treated water we can get. As an initiative SAJH are committed in forecasting the environment interest. In 2015, the acknowledment by The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE) in recognition of SAJH’s Carbon footprint reduction initiatives is such prove that SAJH are moving towards the right direction as aspired by the Malaysian government. The commitment is further strenghtened through SAJH’s logo as a

corporate outlook which carries the environment element as well as water element to refresh our branding and enhance our corporate image to be seen positively in national water industry.

SAJH places a high value on the development of its human capital. The efficiency of all those stated above was achieved through a total transformation of SAJH’s Human Resource management approach which eventually evolves into a better working culture, supported by a dedicated and competent employees. Winning the Excellence in Change Management Award at the Global Excellence in Management Awards 2013 (GEMA) stamped the success of our transformation journey. Training has played a major part in this transformation for which SAJH was recognised by the World Bank as a Training Center for Water Supply Operation, Maintenance & Management. On SAJH

dedication towards high value of its human capital development, SAJH was also recognised for its Best Workplace Practices under the Asian Corporate Social responsibility for its Organisational Climate Project.

SAJH’s Knowledge management has played a pivotal role in all areas of its achievements. Knowledge which are considered crucial to the company has been capsulised for future references. Efforts of SAJH in promoting and practicing knowledge management has won SAJH awards in area of Potential Organisation category, obtain distinction certification in Knowledge Management and to top it, The Best Practicing Organisation category in the

Global Emerging Knowledge Organisation Award. All these achievements has been the basic foundation for its human capital to take up the challenges presented to SAJH as it goes through the licensing regime of WSIA.

An aspect that always been the parameter to determine the efficiency of a water utility company is its level of Non Revenue Water (NRW). SAJH has the lowest leak per kilometer of pipe in Malaysia and one of the lowest NRW level among the local water operators. This is as indicated in the latest Malaysia Water Industry Guidlines produced by Malaysian Water Association. The methodology executed by SAJH in keeping the NRW level down was also shared with our neighboring state. Both successes of Johor and Malacca in having among the lowest NRW level indicated that the right approaches have been taken, and it shall be the fundemantal in further driving the NRW level down in the coming future.

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perkhidmatan air negara telah memutuskan supaya segala pinjaman pembangunan berkaitan bekalan air oleh Kerajaan Negeri daripada Kerajaan Persekutuan diambil alih secara

novasi oleh Pengurusan Aset Air Berhad (PAAB), sebuah syarikat milik Kerajaan Persekutuan di bawah Menteri Kewangan Diperbadankan. Pinjaman Kerajaan Negeri berjumlah RM1.6 bilion telah dipindahkan ke PAAB. Pihak PAAB seterusnya memajak aset berkenaan kepada Kerajaan Negeri untuk tempoh 45 tahun sebagaimana terma-terma yang telah dipersetujui.Pada masa yang sama, Kerajaan Negeri bebas daripada tanggungan pinjaman bekalan air dan tidak perlu menyediakan perbelanjaan modal untuk pembangunan semula dan pembangunan baru aset air. Sebaliknya, peruntukan yang pernah disalurkan

kepada pembangunan serta pengurusan aset air telah disalurkan kepada pembangunan yang lebih memerlukan.

Disamping itu, penstrukturan semula industri bekalan air ini membawa kepada penambahan hasil Kerajaan Negeri melalui pembayaran royalti penggunaan air mentah yang perlu dibayar oleh SAINS.

Namun begitu, tidak bermakna pembangunan aset air di negeri ini diberhentikan. Sejumlah RM576.08 juta telah diperuntukkan oleh PAAB kepada SAINS bagi pembangunan aset air di Negeri Sembilan bagi tahun 2009 hingga 2015 bagi kerja-kerja naik taraf loji rawatan air, penggantian paip lama, program pengurangan air tidak berhasil dan sebagainya. Perlaksanaan kerja-kerja pembangunan prasarana air ini dijangka akan membantu SAINS dalam usaha penambahbaikan kualiti perkhidmatan diseluruh Negeri Sembilan.

Penstrukturan semula industri perkhidmatan air di Negeri Sembilan telah dirancang dan dilaksanakan dengan teliti bertujuan untuk meningkatkan mutu bekalan air sejajar dengan pembangunan berterusan di negeri ini. Sebagai operator air di Negeri Sembilan, SAINS akan terus melaksanakan program

8 tahun usia Syarikat Air Negeri Sembilan Sdn Bhd (SAINS) beroperasi sebagai operator air berlesen setelah Negeri Sembilan menjadi negeri yang pertama menyahut seruan Kerajaan Persekutuan bagi penstrukturan semula industri perkhidmatan air negara.

SAINS ditubuhkan pada 15 Mac 2007 sebagai sebuah Syarikat Sendirian Berhad milik penuh Menteri Besar Negeri Sembilan Diperbadankan (“MB Inc”). SAINS memulakan operasi sebagai Syarikat melalui pengkorporatan Jabatan Bekalan Air Negeri Sembilan (JBANS) dengan pengambilalihan fungsi pengurusan dan operasi pembekalan air bagi seluruh Negeri Sembilan bermula 1 Januari 2009. SAINS telah didaftarkan sebagai agensi yang dilesenkan di bawah Seksyen 174 Akta Industri Perkhidmatan Air 2009 (AIPA) oleh Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN).

Dalam usaha meningkatkan mutu bekalan air dan menstruktur semula industri perkhidmatan bekalan air negara supaya lebih efisien dan berdaya saing, Kerajaan Persekutuan dengan persetujuan Kerajaan-kerajaan Negeri telah meminda Perlembagaan Persekutuan untuk memperuntukkan kuasa kepada Kerajan Persekutuan untuk mengurus dan mengawal selia industri perkhidmatan air termasuk pemberian pelesenan serta pengawalseliaan ke atas operator air. Pindaan tersebut disokong oleh dua akta yang diwujudkan khas iaitu Akta Perkhidmatan Industri Air Negara 2006 dan Akta Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara 2006 bagi membolehkan penstrukturan dilaksana dengan lebih teratur. Kerajaan Negeri pula telah meluluskan dua enakmen, Enakmen Air (Pindaan Akta Air 1920) 2007 dan Enakmen Bekalan Air (Syarikat Pengganti 2007), menandakan penghijrahan kepada rejim perlesenan baru selaras dengan penstrukturan industri perkhidmatan air.

Penghijrahan ke rejim baru ini telah membawa manfaat yang besar kepada rakyat Negeri Sembilan. Struktur baru industri

SYARIKAT AIR NEGERI SEMBILAN Sdn Bhd (SAINS)

Recognitions are a major component that motivate and drive SAJH to do well and even strive higher in its future endevour. Especially under the supervision of SPAN’s KPIs, it has become a source of pride for SAJH to comply with those set parameters of excellenece. These recognition of our achievements, spur us on towards even more significant milestones. We appreciate the awards we’ve received. The list below highlights just some of

the awards we have won after entering the licensing regime of WSIA; (1) 2014 - Best Company To Work For in Asia awarded by HR Asia (2) Won the Excellence in Change Management Award at the Global Excellence in Management Awards 2013 (GEMA) (3) Won 1st runner up for MYCarbon Awards 2015 by The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE).

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penambahbaikan perkhidmatan, terutama di kawasan-kawasan yang masih mengalami isu-isu berkaitan bekalan air. Kejayaan SAINS bertahan meneruskan operasi perkhidmatan bekalan air bagi tahun 2009 hingga 2014 tanpa sebarang peningkatan pada tarif air adalah satu pencapaian yang amat membanggakan. SAINS akan terus berusaha untuk meningkatkan efisensi operasi dan mengurangkan Kadar Air Tidak Berhasil ke paras yang setanding dengan kadar kebangsaan.

SAINS kini sudah boleh menarik nafas lega yang mana mampu mencatatkan keuntungan berganda pada tahun 2015 selepas diberikan kelulusan kenaikkan tarif air berkuatkuasa pada I Mei 2015 yang mana sebelum ini pelbagai onak duri dilalui SAINS dalam meneruskan operasi perkhidmatannya.Pelbagai kemajuan, penambahbaikan dan pencapaian telah direkodkan sejak 2009 hingga 2015 seperti:• Liputan kawasan bekalan Air di Negeri Sembilan bagi

kawasan luar Bandar 99.98% dan Bandar telah mencapai 100%.

• Bekalan air terawat yang mematuhi piawaian Kualiti Air Kebangsaan yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia.

• Pengurangan kadar Air Tidak Berhasil (Non-Revenue Water – NRW) ke 34.8% pada tahun 2015 berbanding 53% pada awal 2009.

• Peningkatan hasil yang dibilkan kepada tahap purata RM20.6 juta sebulan pada tahun 2015 berbanding RM 10.8 juta sebulan pada tahun 2009.

• Peningkatan kecekapan kutipan bil pada tahap 99.5% pada tahun 2015 berbanding 88% pada tahun 2009.

• Mencatatkan keuntungan selepas cukai sebanyak RM4 juta pada tahun 2015 berbanding RM1 juta pada tahun 2010.

• Pembayaran caj air mentah sebanyak RM16.6 juta kepada Kerajaan Negeri merupakan sabahagian daripada RM82.5 juta jumlah yang dikenakan oleh Kerajaan Negeri dari tahun 2009 sehingga 2015.

PEMBANGUNAN BERTERUSANStrategi penambahbaikan perkhidmatan SAINS memberi penumpuan khusus terhadap peningkatan kawasan liputan, pembekalan air berkualiti, pengurangan gangguan bekalan air, program pembangunan infrastruktur dan penggantian paip lama serta peningkatan mutu khidmat pelanggan, pengurangan NRW, peningkatan kecekapan pengebilan dan kutipan serta peningkatan kecekapan proses dalaman dan pengurangan kos operasi.

Memenuhi Permintaan Bekalan AirSAINS membekalkan 751,859m³ sehari melalui 23 buah loji rawatan air kepada hampir 396,656 akaun berdaftar dan permintaan terhadap bekalan air dijangka terus meningkat selaras dengan pembangunan di Negeri Sembilan.

Program penggantian paip dan penambahbaikan bekalan Semenjak tahun 2009-2015, sejumlah lebih RM248.4 juta telah dibelanjakan bagi program penggantian paip dan penambahbaikan bekalan. Keseluruhan panjang paip di Negeri Sembilan adalah 8,463.72km

Pembekalan Air BerkualitiDalam usaha memastikan pematuhan berterusan terhadap kualiti air yang dibekalkan, pihak SAINS telah mencatatkan pencapaian lebih 99% pematuhan bagi setiap parameter yang telah ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysian kecuali Aluminium di mana langkah-langkah penambahbaikan sedang dilaksanakan.

Peningkatan Mutu Khidmat PelangganSAINS sentiasa berusaha untuk memuaskan hati semua pelanggan melalui penambahbaikan mutu perkhidmatan bekalan air serta peningkatan mutu khidmat pelanggan yang diberikan melalui kaedah dan saluran komunikasi aduan seperti talian bebas tol 24 jam 1-800-88-6982, sistem pesanan ringkas SMS ditalian 06-6033500, laman web rasmi www.sainswater.com, facebook, twitter dan email [email protected]/[email protected].

Pengebilan dan kecekapan kutipanUnit Pengebilan adalah unit yang bertanggungjawab penuh untuk menjana hasil serta memastikan pendapatan syarikat pada tahap yang optimum. Pencapaian memberangsangkan ini adalah disebabkan penambahbaikan sistem pembacaan meter mengikut bacaan meter sebenar berbanding bacaan anggaran yang dilakukan sebelumnya.

Beberapa penambahbaikan dari segi pengendalian operasi harian dan pemantauan penggunaan peralatan ‘handheld‘ yang lasak (‘robust’) dan sistem pembacaan meter yang baru terus dilaksanakan.

Disamping itu, aktiviti-aktiviti penguatkuasaan bagi akaun-akaun tertunggak juga telah giat dilaksanakan bagi meningkatkan kutipan hasil.

Pembangunan Sistem Teknologi Maklumat (ICT) dan Prosedur KerjaSAINS telah membuat pelaburan khusus ke arah penggunaan sistem ICT di dalam setiap aspek operasi dan pentadbiran syarikat. Pelaburan ini memberi keutamaan kepada kaedah-kaedah yang boleh memudahkan pelanggan berurusan dengan SAINS serta meningkatkan efisiensi operasi.

Dalam usaha memperbaiki tahap kecekapan kakitangan seramai 1,032 orang dan meningkatkan mutu perkhidmatan kepada pelanggan, SAINS telah mendapat beberapa persijilan: MS ISO9001:2008, persijilan ISO27001 bagi Sistem Pengurusan Keselamatan Maklumat dan ISO17025 bagi Makmal Pusat Kualiti SAINS daripada pihak SIRIM dan IQ Net (International Certification Network).

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TARIFF SETTING UNDER THE NEW LICENSING REGIMEBy: Licensing and Tariff Division, Market Regulatory Department

Regulatory Reforms

Regulatory reforms of the water services sector in Malaysia began with the establishment of Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN) in February 2007 to enforce the new Water Services Industry Act 2006 (WSIA 2006). It underlies the strategic intent to transform the water services industry into a modern, dynamic and viable commercial entity that will serve the needs of Malaysia’s future generations. With the legal and institutional framework in place as well as having a sustainable funding mechanism, the last pillar to the reforms is to implement a transparent, objective and accountable basis of tariff setting to rectify decades of financial un-sustainability in managing this precious natural resource.

Insufficient revenue affecting performance

In the span of 32 years from 1983 to 2015, the revenue of the water services sector in Malaysia has not shown positive trends to support a sustainable industry. The tariff revenue collected by water services operators in most states can hardly cover operating expenditure, let alone capital expenditure. Water services businesses (WSBs) are not generating sufficient cash flow to fund the replacement and development of their water infrastructure assets. Under such circumstances, some

Key thrust under the water services industry reform

Water economic principles1. Users pay2. Polluters pay3. Current and future equity of water consumption4. Full cost recovery

operators have to rely heavily on subsidy or grant provided by the government and to a certain extent, this has affected the service level of the operators. Revenue sufficiency is an important pre-requisite in achieving full-cost recovery thereby facilitating financial self sustainability amongst industry players and improving levels of service.

Tariff setting mechanismThe pricing structure should take into consideration the objective of ensuring sustainability of water supply including water conservation and encouraging prudent water demand management by consumers. SPAN has embarked on establishing a tariff setting mechanism that is robust, fair and transparent where information on costs and performance levels will be disclosed to consumers who will then know what they are paying for and what they are getting in return. As part of the implementation of a water tariff setting mechanism for the water services industry, the Regulatory Water Accounting (RWA) framework was developed to enable standardized reporting of accounting information. Development of RWA is based on the key thrust under the Malaysian water services industry reforms and self explanatory water economic principles:

2

thrust under the Malaysian water services industry reforms and self explanatory water economic principles:

Key thrust under the water services industry reform

Water economic principles 1. Users pay 2. Polluters pay 3. Current and future equity of water consumption 4. Full cost recovery

The RWA assists SPAN, as the regulator to work with a set of uniform and reliable information which allows it to monitor and evaluate the financial performance of WSBs more effectively and in a consistent manner across the industry. It also forms the basis of tariff setting and determines whether the WSBs are entitled to increase the water tariff imposed on the Malaysian public. The relationship between regulatory water accounting and tariff setting mechanism is depicted as follows:

• Need to achieve full cost recovery

• Affordability to pay across all income groups

• Maintenance of social capital (water and value to society)

• Efficiency and effec_veness

Technical Social

Economics Consumer

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2

• WIRA* preparaAon on a standardised template • WSBs submit audited WIRA to Regulator • Regulator reviews & c omp a r e s c o s t s & efficiency posiAon • Exclude non qualifying expenditures from tariff computaAon

Regulatory Water Accounts

• Benchmark determined based on market price & efficiency based target at different levels • 4 step process -‐> idenAfy cost drivers -‐> set threshold -‐> costs adjustments -‐> benchmark worksheets approved by Regulator

Benchmark Costs

• Applying benchmark costs incenAvizes water operators to be more efficient • P r i c i n g mechan i sm allows WSBs to recover benchmark costs • De t e rm i n e a f a i r , t r a n s p a r e n t a n d consultaAve water tariff

Tariff se9ng

The long term objective underlying the tariff setting mechanism is to ensure the full-cost recovery of the water and sewerage services industry while ensuring that the consumers are charged with tariffs that are based on fair and qualifying expenditure. The requirement for WIRA statements to be audited along with the efficiency of the water services businesses is to provide confidence in the reliability and accuracy of the regulatory accounts reporting and benchmarking. If any subsidy is to be provided, it is recommended that it be targeted to the less advantaged group to avoid any distortion of efficient allocation of resources.

Tariff setting model

In the short and medium term, the increasing block tariff model is adopted.

• Domestic

Water bands (m³) Tariff mechanism

Band 1 (life line for equal access) OPEX

Band 2 OPEX + CAPEX

Band 3 OPEX + CAPEX +π + Enviromental Cost

A systematic water tariff review will be introduced every three years with a one year time lag for tariff setting. The periodic tariff review is required due to the need to move the tariff to a more sustainable level given the large deficit that WSBs are operating at present. In the long term, tariff model for domestic and non-domestic should be based on Uniform Volumetric Charge, where users pay a flat rate for the cost of water services.

Conclusion

The crux of the reforms is to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the water and sewerage services to consumers while ensuring full cost recovery by the water services businesses in the long run. Therefore it is essential that such performance efficiency is measured and reflected in the tariffs. Under the RWA, the water industry regulatory accounts is prepared to separate income/costs attributable to water services and costs benchmarked at an efficient level. The outputs from the water industry regulatory accounts and benchmarking process will then serve as inputs for tariff setting. The application of such regulatory information will ensure tariffs are set based on qualifying and efficient items. The proposed mechanism is envisaged to provide confidence to the consumers on the objectivity and transparency of tariff setting, increasing and measuring stewardship of management and good governance to the public and the Regulator.

* Water Industry Regulatory Accounts

Water bands (m³) Tariff mechanism

Band 1 (level of equal access by all trade and commercial activities

OPEX + CAPEX

Band 2 OPEX + CAPEX +π +Environmental Cost

The RWA assists SPAN as the regulator to work with a set of uniform and reliable information which allows it to monitor and evaluate the financial performance of WSBs more effectively and in a consistent manner across the industry. It also forms the basis of tariff setting and determines whether the WSBs are entitled to increase the water tariff imposed on the Malaysian public. The relationship between regulatory water accounting and tariff setting mechanism is depicted as follows:

• Non Domestic

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SEWERAGE WORKS APPROVAL TRANSFORMATION (S.W.A.T)“Effectiveness Through Simplicity”By: Pn. Punita Nook Naidu and Pn. Sim Lee Gaik, Technical Standard and Compliance Division, Sewerage Regulatory Department

One of the prevailing issues faced in the sewerage industry is bureaucratic procedures to obtain approvals. The original intent of the procedures was meant to improve the quality of infrastructure. However, a study conducted by SPAN showed that the desire to improve quality through imposing more procedures did not deliver the expected outcome. In fact the procedures that had been imposed over a period of 15 years, had become so bureaucratic, too complex and heavily input based model. Most of the requirements and conditions are imposed in knee jerk reaction as and when issues occur and there is rather a serious lack of enforcement.

SWAT was introduced as an initiative to review procedures and processing mechanisms. It is a long-term strategic plan in line with provision under Section 45 of the Water Services Industry Act (WSIA) 2006. Numerous minilabs were carried out for participative and consultative approach engaging various departments, agencies and expert groups. A clear agenda and objective was set in place in order to achieve a basis that is easily implemented, justifiable and acceptable to approvers, stakeholders and industry players. The framework established geared towards the outcome as follows:

The three (3) major guiding principles adopted in the transformation initiative as shown in Figure 1 :

The rigorous discussions and deliberation produced a unique risk matrix as shown in Figure 2. Risk matrix is based on different types of systems and works of infrastructures which had been used as a reference instrument in developing mechanism for various types of infrastructure and works in the sewerage sector.

Hence, the new business process model was fine tuned and implemented strategically in phases kick started with Low Risk. From the public consultation survey for SWAT Phase I, SPAN received positive and encouraging feedback of at least 95% of the stakeholders supported the initiative.

SWAT Phase 1 was implemented on a trial basis beginning 1

1

•  Activity Should not be mistaken as an achievement

Principle 1

•  Lejava's First Law: Government should never ask business for information it already has

• Corruption is a Technical Issue: Every interaction between business and Government is an opportunity for corruption. Eliminate every interaction

•  Simplicity is Power: Streamline and automate everything. Both control and compliance will increase

Principle 2

•  Adopt and adapt good practices

•  Risk-‐based system •  Third party review •  Building codes •  Insurance system •  One Stop Centre (OSC) • Electronic platform/ online services

Principle 3

April 2014. It involves infrastructures categorized under low-risk namely septic tank, single connection and small sewage system (SSTS). To facilitate the implementation, The Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guideline Vol II: Sewerage Works Approval Procedures (Special Edition-Low Risk) was established. The take up rate of SWAT Phase I on a voluntary basis was encouraging with more than 50% of applications using SWAT Phase I mechanism as of November 2015. The success story paved way for implementation of SWAT Phase II (Medium and High Risk).

SWAT Phase II involves approval procedures for sewage treatment plants, network sewers and network pumping stations. Public Consultation was conducted on 2 February

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2016 with a heartwarming crowd of approximately 250 participants. SWAT Phase II proposes only 3 submission stages namely Sewerage Works Application (SWA), Sewerage Works Inspection (SWI) and Sewerage Works Completion (SWC). The summary of SWAT Phase II Procedures proposal is as shown in the Table 1 below.

Figure 2: Risk Matrix for Sewerage Works Approval

Table 1: Proposed sewerage works approval Mechanism for SWAT Phase II

By adopting the output based procedures, the industry is expected to reap the following benefits:

Notes :a. For public STP in compliance with TS approved and endorsed by the

Commission, design declaration by CP for SWA is sufficient.b. The Commission or any person authorized by the Commission may

inspect the sewerage work at any time deemed necessary by the Commission.

The Public Consultation for SWAT Phase II was held for a month; beginning 2 February 2016. The announcement was also made online via www.span.gov.my. Stakeholders were encouraged to participate in the survey to provide relevant feedback and email to [email protected]. SPAN also went on a nationwide tour to reach out to certifying agencies to obtain greater understanding on the issues and challenges on the ground in relation to sewerage works approval. Special sessions were held for representatives from REDHA and IEM as well as operators.

The feedback of surveys are currently being compiled and analyzed. Please stay tuned and find out what public says about the proposal.

PUBLIC PRIVATE SEWERAGE INFRASTRUCTURE

LIST OF WORKS

Conn

ectio

n

Sew

er

Pum

ping

sta

tions

Sew

age

Tr

eatm

ent

Plan

t

Smal

l Sew

age

Tr

eatm

ent S

yste

m

Slud

ge tr

eatm

ent

Insp

ectio

n ch

ambe

rs,

Indi

vidu

al/ c

omm

on

pipi

ng, C

onne

ctio

n

Sew

er

Pum

ping

sta

tion

Sew

age

T

reat

men

t Pla

nt

Smal

l Sew

age

Tr

eatm

ent S

yste

m

Slud

ge tr

eatm

ent

Pre-‐

trea

tmen

t

Sept

ic ta

nks

Construction 1 2 5 5 1 5 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 1

Alteration 1 2 5 4 1 4 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 1

Disconnection 1 2 4 3 1 N/A 1 2 3 3 1 N/A 2 1

Close up 1 2 3 3 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 3 2 1

Note : Risk Scoring (at scale of

1 to 5 )

1 Least risk : Very low impact, confined and localized harm/threat

2 Slight risk : Low impact, limited spread of harm/threat

3 Moderate risk : Reasonably impactful, harm/threat extended beyond localize limit

4 High risk : High impact, wide spread harm/threat

5 Very high risk : Very high impact, wide spread harm/threat and difficult to manage

MINI LAB OUTCOME #4 RISK MATRIX ASSOCIATED WITH WORKS & PROCEDURES

3

SWAT Phase II (Procedure)

Sewerage Infrastructure

Public Private

STP NPS NWS

STP NPS NWS <10k PE

≥ 10k PE

<400mm dia.

≥ 400mm dia.

SWA

Planning checked by CA

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Design

Checked by CA

√ √ √

Declared by CP

√ √ √ √ √

SWI Inspected and declared by CP √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

SWC T&C by CA & OPS √ √ √ √ √

T&C declared by CP √ √ √

4

•  Unnecessary procedure with no posiLve impact •  RepeLLve submission of documents •  ConservaLve regulatory pracLces

Eliminates

•  Processing Lme •  Unnecessary work load •  communicaLon that can lead to corrupLon

Reduces

•  Accountability of developers, consultants and contractors •  Customers and stakeholders saLsfacLon •  Industry players professionalism

Raises

•  Risk based approval mechanism •  Good regulatory pracLces •  Opportunity for standardizaLon via technical specificaLon

Creates

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STANDARDIZATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT THROUGH DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONBy: Pn. Punita Nook Naidu and Pn. Sim Lee Gaik, Technical Standard and Compliance Division, Sewerage Regulatory Department

One of the strategies to address the quality of the sewerage infrastructure provided by a private developer or rather lack of it is through standardization. In this particular case, a technical document is developed to homogenize the treatment system in such a way that the system installed any where in the country by any one will be similar to the nearest possibility. However in order to allow innovation in the industry, this technical specification is intended to be implemented on a voluntary basis. In line with the standardization efforts, SPAN together with Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) drafted “Technical Specification for Sewage Treatment System: Standard Sewage Treatment Plant, Part 1 - Extended Aeration (150 – 5000 PE)” (SPAN TS 1402:2016). There are four (4) main components in TS 1402:2016 namely:

i. Technical RequirementsSpecifying minimum acceptable requirements by the industry which encompasses layout planning and design, construction and installation as well as testing and commissioning

ii. Typical drawingsArticulates the depth of details required for the treatment system and translate the design calculation into presentation for realization on the ground.

iii. Design calculations Enunciates minimum design criteria and presented systematically according to unit processes in Microsoft Excel format.

iv. Design declarationCompetent person is required to make declaration on the design parameters especially on tank dimension, hydraulic profile and mass balance analysis.

The technical specification was jointly developed by SPAN and IWK. It was published for Public Comments for a month since 18th December 2015. At the end of public comment period, a total of 100 comments were received and compiled. The Technical Working Group for Standard STP (TWG-Standard STP) formed in 2012 reconvened to deliberate the comments. TWG-Standard STP comprises of members from AECCOM, Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia (ACEM), IWK and SPAN. The on-going discussions are expected to further improve and refine SPAN TS 1402:2016 for smooth implementation. Upon finalizing the document, it will be presented to the Commission for approval. TS 1402:2016 is targeted for implementation in the second quarter of the year upon approval of the Commission. The document will be made available online in a user-friendly format for the benefit of the industry.Typical Drawing

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PROMOTING WATER EFFICIENT PRODUCTS LABELING SCHEME (WEPLS) TO CONSUMERSBy: Industry Development Division

Water Efficient Products Labeling Scheme (WEPLS) is one of SPAN’s ongoing endeavours in promoting good practices to reduce wastage and conserve water. WEPLS was launched in January 2013 on a voluntary basis for product suppliers to register and label water efficient products according the guidelines set by SPAN. It is expected that consumer demand for water efficient products that use less water will increase in the near future as the public is becoming increasingly conscious of the need to conserve water resources that will contribute to a greener environment.

Products participating in WEPLS will display a 3 star water efficiency label rating on its packaging (more stars, more efficient, more water saving) which serves to inform consumers of its efficiency rating which will help consumers to make informed choices when making purchases.

Currently, there are 5 types of WEPLS products which are registered namely; water closets, washing machines, showerheads, water taps and urinal. As of March 2016, there are 16 suppliers (an increase of 6 suppliers comparing to 2014) with 25 brands comprising of 171 water closets, 51 washing machines, 15 showerheads and 2 water taps.

As a proactive measure to raise public awareness on the availability of water efficient products, SPAN has collaborated with Malaysia Green Technology Corporation (MGTC) in the “MyHijau Mark” Programme to promote WEPLS. The “MyHijau Mark” is a recognition programme which will help consumers identify products, equipment as well as approved service providers that have been verified by MGTC to meet local and international environmental standards. Product suppliers who have registered with WEPLS will be recognized as “MyHijau Mark” products under this programme. It is part of the Malaysian Government’s efforts to register green products and service providers, empowering consumers to make educated and sustainable purchasing decisions.

Apart from this, SPAN has also actively participated in outreach programmes organized by MGTC to promote the MyHijau Mark. This outreach programmes is a platform where SPAN gives talk to the public in promoting WEPLS.

Continuous efforts will be done towards promoting WEPLS through engagement with suppliers and public to increase the participation of the suppliers and raise awareness to the public on the availability of WEPLS in the market.To ensure the success of the Scheme meets its objective of water conservation, SPAN is targeting to move forward in making the Scheme mandatory to all product suppliers by 2018 to further encourage the development of water efficient products.

THE LABEL

Various WEPLS labels – Full and simplified version.

To ensure the success of the Scheme to achieve its objective of water conservation, SPAN is targeting to move forward in making the Scheme mandatory to all product suppliers by 2018 to further encourage the development of water efficient products.

A Domestic Water Consumption Study was conducted by FOMCA and KeTTHA on water saving by using water efficient product. The findings of the study is shown in a pie chart below:

By referring the Domestic Water Consumption Study which was conducted by FOMCA and KeTTHA started in 2007 till 2010, how much of water saving by using water efficient product can be calculated. The findings of the study is shown in a pie chart below:

Based on the findings and also some parameters which been extracted from the Malaysia Water Industry Guide (MWIG), the calculation shown that the water consumption can be reduce up to 46% and the water charges can be save up to 50% monthly if utilizing the most efficient (highest grade) of WEPLS product. The detail of calculation is shown in the Table 1 below:

Table 1: Water Saving (Volume & Charges) by Using WEPLS Product

[1] Water Used in Percentage

[2] Water Consumption

(m3)

[3] Water Consumption using WEPLS

(m3)

Water Saving (m3)

[4] Charges without WEPLS (RM)

[4] Charges with WEPLS (RM)

Saving (RM)

Shower & Bath (19%) 5.7 3.42 2.28 (40%)

16.80 8.40 8.40 (50%)

Washing Machine (22%) 6.6 3.5 3.10 (47%)

Household Cleaning (18%) 5.4 1.67 3.73 (69%)

Toilet (26%) 7.8 3.04 4.76 (61%)

Leaking (15%) 4.5 4.5 N/A

TOTAL 30 16.13 13.87 (46%)

Notes: [1] Based on Domestic Water Consumption Study by FOMCA and KeTTHA

[2] Based on Average Consumption per Domestic Connection/ Month, Table 13, Malaysia Water Industry Guide 2015

[3] Based on the Most Efficient Grade (3 Star), Annex IV, Guidelines for Voluntary Water Efficient Products Labeling Scheme

[4] Based on National Average of Domestic Tariff, Table 27, Domestic Tariff, Malaysia Water Industry Guide 2015

Based on the findings and some parameters which was extracted from Malaysia Water Industry Guide (MWIG), it shows that the water consumption can be reduced up to 46% and water charges can be save up to 50% monthly if the most efficient (highest grade) of WEPLS product is installed. The details are as per Table 1 below:

Notes:1. Based on Domestic Water Consumption Study by FOMCA and KeTTHA 2. Based on Average Consumption per Domestic Connection/ Month, Table

13, Malaysia Water Industry Guide 20153. Based on the Most Efficient Grade (3 Star), Annex IV, Guidelines for

Voluntary Water Efficient Products Labeling Scheme 4. Based on National Average of Domestic Tariff, Table 27, Domestic Tariff,

Malaysia Water Industry Guide 2015

Shower & Bath

findings of the study is shown in a pie chart below:

Based on the findings and some parameters which was extracted

Shower & BathShower & Bath

HouseholdCleaning

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THE IMPORTANCE OF MANAGING SEWAGE - ENABLING PEOPLE TO LIVE HEALTHIER LIVESBy: En. Wan Rahibullah bin Hj. Ismail @ Wan Ismail, Majaari Services Sdn. Bhd.

A significant part of the country’s population lacks information on the importance of waste management. This problem exists despite the presence of a specialized agency responsible for solving this problem.

Majaari Services is a subsidiary of the Kumpulan Perbadanan Menteri Besar Kelantan (PMBK), set up to help manage the sewerage system in Kelantan. At the end of 2007, the state government created this company to take over sewerage management responsibilities from local authorities.

Majaari Services primarily performs desludging services which is the act of emptying septic tanks. The establishment of two new acts gazetted under the supervision of the Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN), namely the 2006 Act; Act 655 of the water services industry in 2006. After the Act came into force, only those who have obtained a permit from SPAN can perform desludging services. Majaari Services also acts as a certifying agency responsible for processing and recommending approvals of any new plans to develop sewerage systems, sewage treatment plants, pumping stations, sewerage networks, connection pipes and septic tanks. A team of professionally trained and skilled individuals is employed to organize the pipelines which run through the state, as well as sewage treatment plants and private plants. In addition, Majaari Services also clears blockages in public sewerage pipes, as well as private, industrial and commercial properties.

What is meant by sewage management?

Sewage management is an act of maintaining the sewage system, thus ensuring a clean environment, particularly related to water resources.

Among the methods of sewage management is to perform desludging (emptying septic tanks). The wastewater from the desludging process will be treated and disposed of in authorized landfills. Majaari Services uses the AVC system as a method of sewage disposal.

Sewerage systems which are connected to sewage treatment plants must be built for the development of a population of more than 150PE and serves to treat wastewater prior to discharge. The STP includes Extended Aeration(EA), Hi-kleen (HK), RBC and SBR, in order to comply with the Environmental Quality Act 1974.

What is the function of Majaari Servicesas a certifying agency (CA)?

Majaari Services was appointed as CA by SPAN to process and recommend approval of any plans to develop sewerage systems, sewage treatment plants, pumping stations, sewerage networks, plumbing links and septic tanks. Therefore, all new development plans must be submitted to Majaari for review and recommendation of approval, on behalf of SPAN.

The effects of improper sewage management

Septic tanks should be emptied once at least every two to three years. Failing to do so on a regular basis could potentially cause sewage to flow into the irrigation system and adversely affect aquatic life in oceans and rivers.

Additionally, it may cause serious health issues because raw sewage contains Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium Parvum, a parasite found in feces-contaminated food and water. This parasite carries water-borne diseases such as Cholera, Typhoid and Hepatitis A.

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Approximately 50% of the Kelantanese population use groundwater resources to perform daily activities. Therefore, they are advised to empty their septic tanks regularly so as to ensure that these water sources remain clean. Failure to do so will result in future complications of the water treatment process.

Constraints faced

Normally, when a change is made, a cost is incurred which is not borne by the developer or the buyer. In some states, centralized sewage management systems are built into residential areas and the construction cost is shared collectively.

The WSIA Act by SPAN states that any development of a residential area consisting of more than 30 houses requires a centralized sewage system. It may seem like a burden, but this perception would be greatly reduced if there is a proper understanding of the situation and the willingness to collectively bear the cost of maintenance. The campaign “Cakno Kumbahan Kito” is expected to bring awareness to the public on the importance of maintaining and managing the sewage system.

Most of the residents lack the consciousness of the importance of maintaining and managing the sewage system, until something happens that interferes with their daily activities.Several programmes have been undertaken to raise public awareness, including sweepstakes, presentations in government departments and agencies; and even free septic tank inspections.

Prevention is better than cure. With these ongoing efforts, particularly the campaign run by Majaari Services, we are optimistic that public awareness will be increased and that they will one day realise the importance of managing sewage.

Head office

Desludging

Tanker

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Desludging

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TANGKI SIMPANAN AIR – Penyenggaraan Tanggungjawab Siapa?Oleh: En. Izaidi bin Ahmad, Jabatan Kawal Selia Air

PENGENALAN

Kita sering melihat tangki-tangki simpanan air (atau biasa juga disebut kolam-kolam) di merata-rata tempat seperti di atas bukit, di kawasan perumahan malah di dalam rumah sendiri. Ramai yang tidak sedar bahawa tangki simpanan air mempunyai pelbagai fungsi iaitu:

Bagi tangki atau kolam simpanan luaran:

1. Menyimpan air bagi kegunaan pengguna individu serta pengguna di dalam sesuatu kawasan atau taman perumahan untuk kegunaan semasa berlakunya gangguan bekalan air berjadual yang disebabkan oleh kerja-kerja penyelenggaraan atau gangguan tidak berjadual seperti paip pecah, henti tugas loji dan lain-lain;

2. Mengurangkan tekanan di dalam paip bekalan untuk tujuan-tujuan tertentu;

3. Meningkatkan tekanan ke sesuatu kawasan melalui sistem pam yang mengepam air dari tangki sedutan ke tangki imbangan yang turut bersifat sebagai tangki simpanan.

Bagi tangki simpanan dalaman:

1. Menyimpan air bagi kegunaan semasa bekalan air awam terputus;

2. Mengurangkan penggunaan air di pepasangan air (tap sinki, tap basin, shower, urinal dan lain-lain) yang disalurkan daripada sesuatu tangki simpanan itu akibat daripada pengurangan tekanan. Tangki simpanan boleh dijadikan alat untuk mengawal permintaan air (demand management tool);

3. Memberikan serta mengekalkan tekanan yang diperlukan dalam sistem perpaipan dalaman sesebuah rumah atau bangunan;

4. Berfungsi sebagai penahan aliran balik (backflow preventer) bagi memastikan air yang disimpan atau digunakan dalam sesebuah rumah atau bangunan tidak mengalir semula ke sistem bekalan air awam.

PEMBINAAN DAN PEMASANGAN TANGKI

Secara dasarnya, sesuatu tangki simpanan hendaklah dikilang, dibina, dipasang dan disenggara supaya ianya tidak memberi kemudaratan ke atas kesihatan pengguna yang meminum / mengguna air yang disimpannya atau mengancam keselamatan pengguna tersebut atau orang awam dari aspek integriti strukturnya.

Terdapat banyak jenis tangki simpanan air yang digunakan di negara ini. Selaras dengan Akta Industri Perkhidmatan Air 2006, semua jenis tangki ini perlu mendapat kelulusan daripada Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN). Jenis tangki yang diluluskan boleh dirujuk serta dimuat turun daripada laman web SPAN di www.span.gov.my.

Tangki hendaklah dikilang, dibina dan dipasang mengikut Amalan Kod Kejuruteraan serta Standard Produk tangki-tangki berkenaan seperti yang diluluskan oleh SPAN dengan berpandukan kepada persijilan produk daripada Badan Persijilan seperti SIRIM dan IKRAM.

Selain itu, Kaedah-Kaedah Industri Perkhidmatan Air (Retikulasi Air dan Pemasangan Paip) 2014 yang dikuatkuasa oleh SPAN mulai 1 Februari 2014 telah menggariskan beberapa keperluan pembinaan dan ciri-ciri keselamatan yang perlu diterapkan dalam rekabentuk tangki simpanan seperti di bawah. Keperluan-keperluan ini adalah bertujuan untuk memudahkan penyelenggaraan serta memanjangkan tempoh usia sesuatu tangki tersebut.

• Tangki simpanan hendaklah tahan kakisan, dilindungi daripada kemasukan rodensia atau serangga dan hendaklah selamat bagi penyimpanan air untuk kegunaan manusia;

• Tangki simpanan hendaklah ditutup dengan bahan yang tahan klorin;

• Tangki simpanan tidak boleh ditempatkan di bawah saluran sanitari;

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• Tangki simpanan hendaklah ditempatkan di kawasan yang sesuai dengan akses yang selamat; dan

• Tangki simpanan yang dibuat daripada panel konkrit atau keluli hendaklah dilapik dengan bahan yang sesuai bagi memudahkan kerja-kerja pembersihan kelak.

PENYENGGARAAN TANGKI – Kenapa diperlukan dan siapa yang bertanggung jawab?

Pernahkah kita terfikir kenapa tangki-tangki simpanan perlu disenggara dengan sempurna dan secara kerap? Sememangnya penyenggaraan adalah perlu untuk:

1. Memastikan tangki-tangki berfungsi untuk memenuhi tujuan seperti yang dihasratkan;

2. Memelihara kualiti air yang disimpan supaya ianya tidak memudaratkan kesihatan pengguna;

3. Memastikan tangki simpanan dan struktur sentiasa dalam keadaan teguh dan selamat dari aspek integriti struktur serta tidak membahayakan keselamatan pengguna yang menggunanya dan orang awam yang berada di sekitarnya.

Pada kebiasaannya skop penyenggaraan tangki-tangki meliputi kerja-kerja:

• Membersih permukaan dalaman dan luaran tangki simpanan dari lumpur, pasir dan kekotoran;

• Memeriksa serta memastikan tiada kebocoran dengan membaiki dinding atau mengganti panel tangki yang rosak;

• Memastikan integriti struktur tangki seperti membaiki atau mengganti komponen menara, ties, stays dan lain-lain komponen tangki;

• Menjalankan penyenggaraan preventif (preventive maintenance) dengan menggantikan panel tanpa menunggu ianya bocor atau rosak;

• Melakukan servis ke atas komponen tangki seperti injap-injap kawalan iaitu ball valve, attitude valve, pressure reducing valve, sluice valves;

• Mengecat permukaan luaran tangki;• Memeriksa keadaan cerun di sekeliling tangki serta

menjalankan pembaikan sekiranya ada;• Memelihara kawasan di dalam tangki iaitu memotong

rumput, membersih longkang dan memastikan pagar keselamatan tidak boleh dicerobohi.

Siapakah yang dipertanggungjawabkan untuk menyenggara tangki-tangki simpanan? Secara amnya, tangki-tangki simpanan air hendaklah disenggara oleh pemilik dan pengguna seperti dihuraikan di bawah:

a. Tangki simpanan awam

Tangki simpanan awam adalah sebahagian daripada komponen sistem bekalan air awam untuk memastikan bekalan air kepada pengguna-pengguna secara berterusan. Tangki-tangki ini disenggara oleh Operator Air Negeri supaya ianya sentiasa dalam keadaan bersih serta selamat dan tidak dicerobohi oleh orang-orang yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Berlaku banyak kes kecurian pepasangan di kolam memandangkan tangki simpanan ini kebiasaan terletak di kawasan terpencil.

Operator Air Negeri juga bertanggungjawab untuk mencuci kolam mengikut jadual kekerapan yang tertentu bagi memelihara kualiti air yang ditakung. Selain daripada kerja pencucian oleh pekerja, pada masa ini terdapat teknologi untuk mencuci kolam menggunakan robot. Melalui penggunaan robot, kerja pencucian boleh dijalankan tanpa gangguan bekalan air kepada pengguna. Walau bagaimana pun, kos adalah mahal dan mutu kerja tidak setanding dengan menggunakan tenaga manusia.

Usaha menyenggara tangki simpanan adalah mencabar dengan jumlah tangki yang ada di sistem agihan contohnya jumlah tangki simpanan awam yang ada di negeri Selangor, Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya adalah 1,400 buah manakala bagi sebuah negeri yang kecil seperti Perlis, jumlah tangki awam adalah sebanyak 24 buah.

b. Tangki simpanan premis kerajaan

Tangki-tangki simpanan di premis kerajaan atau di bangunan kediaman yang dimiliki dan diuruskan oleh agensi kerajaan seperti Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan atau Kerajaan Negeri disenggara oleh agensi kerajaan yang berkenaan.

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Tank cleaning robot

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UNDANG-UNDANG BERHUBUNG KEWAJIPAN PENYENGGARAAN TANGKI SIMPANAN

Merujuk kepada perenggan di atas, tanggungjawab bagi menyenggara tangki-tangki simpanan awam, premis kerajaan, premis persendirian dan rumah-rumah adalah jelas. Persoalannya hanyalah sama ada ianya dilaksanakan.

Namun bagi bangunan bertingkat seperti pangsapuri, kondominium dan komuniti berpagar yang diuruskan oleh Badan Pengurusan (Management Corporation), tugas menyenggara tangki simpanan masih dipandang ringan dan tidak dilakukan seperti aduan-aduan yang banyak diterima oleh SPAN. Oleh kerana kegagalan menyenggara tangki air memberi kesan kepada ramai pengguna maka sesuatu tindakan perundangan perlu digubal bagi memelihara kepentingan pengguna-pengguna.

• Untuk itu, SPAN telah menggubal suatu kaedah yang dinamakan sebagai Kaedah-Kaedah Industri Perkhidmatan Air (Penyenggaraan Tangki Simpanan Bersama di Bangunan Kediaman Bertingkat Tinggi dan Komuniti Berpagar) 2016. Antara intipati kaedah ini ialah:

• Pihak pengurusan hendaklah memeriksa dan menyenggara tangki simpanan bersama setiap 12 bulan atau bila-bila masa diarahkan SPAN bagi memastikan tangki simpanan bersama selamat bagi penyimpanan air untuk digunakan oleh penduduk dan tiada kebocoran;

• Pihak pengurusan hendaklah memastikan bahawa tangki simpanan bersama hanya boleh diakses oleh orang yang diberi kebenaran oleh mereka sahaja. Akses ke tangki simpanan tersebut hendaklah dikunci dengan rapi;

• Pihak pengurusan hendaklah memberikan notis yang mencukupi kepada pengguna sebelum bekalan air ditutup untuk tujuan pemeriksaan dan penyenggaraan;

• Pemeriksaan dan penyenggaraan tangki simpanan bersama hendaklah dilaksanakan oleh pemegang permit SPAN;

• Pihak pengurusan hendaklah menghentikan bekalan air sekiranya mendapati air tersebut tidak selamat atau boleh menimbulkan risiko kesihatan kepada pengguna;

Seperti mana-mana undang subsidairi, hukuman dalam bentuk denda dan / atau penjara akan dikenakan kepada mereka-mereka yang disabitkan kesalahan.

Kaedah ini sedang dalam peringkat akhir dan akan dikuatkuasakan sebaik sahaja ianya diwarta oleh pihak berkuasa. Adalah diharapkan dengan penguatkuasaan kaedah ini nanti, tangki-tangki simpanan di bangunan kediaman bertingkat tinggi dan komuniti berpagar di semua negeri di Semenanjung Malaysia dan Labuan akan disenggarakan dengan baik dan sempurna serta dapat menjamin kesihatan dan keselamatan pengguna. Peraturan seperti ini bukanlah sesuatu yang baru kerana ianya dilaksanakan di lain-lain negara maju khususnya di negeri jiran iaitu Singapura.

c. Tangki simpanan bangunan persendirian

Tangki-tangki simpanan di bangunan persendirian seperti kilang, kompleks pejabat, kompleks perniagaan, hotel dll. hendaklah disenggarakan oleh pemilik tersebut. Pemilik mempunyai tanggungjawab dan keperluan tertentu untuk menyenggara tangki dengan baik bagi memastikan bekalan air yang berterusan kepada proses kilang, penyewa kompleks, pelawat dan tetamu.

d. Tangki simpanan bangunan bertingkat seperti pangsapuri, kondominium dan komuniti berpagar yang diuruskan oleh Badan Pengurusan (Management Corporation)

Bagi bangunan bertingkat seperti pangsapuri, apartmen, kondominium dan komuniti berpagar yang dimiliki ramai, penghuni-penghuni akan melantik Badan Pengurusan untuk menyenggarakan harta bersama termasuk tangki simpanan air. Oleh itu, Badan Pengurusan tersebut bertanggung jawab memastikan kebersihan serta keselamatan tangki tersebut. Banyak aduan diterima bahawa Badan Pengurusan sama ada sengaja atau tidak sengaja telah tidak menyenggara tangki simpanan dengan baik dan membiarkan tangki berada dalam keadaan yang membahayakan kesihatan dan keselamatan penghuni-penghuni. Di negeri Selangor dan Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya sahaja, terdapat lebih kurang 2,942 buah tangki simpanan di bangunan bertingkat dan komuniti berpagar.

e. Tangki simpanan di rumah-rumah persendirian

Tangki simpanan di rumah-rumah persendirian semestinya disenggara oleh pemilik atau tuan rumah. Banyak tangki simpanan di rumah-rumah tidak pernah disenggara atau tidak disenggara dengan baik. Ramai pengguna yang masih tidak sedar akan perlunya tangki-tangki disenggara dan tidak sedar akan tanggung jawab mereka untuk melakukannya. Penyenggaraan tangki-tangki dipandang ringan dan hanya diambil perhatian setelah berlaku sesuatu kejadian yang tidak diingini seperti air tidak mengalir disebabkan tangki tersumbat, air berbau disebabkan bangkai tikus atau burung, kebocoran tangki atau kekotoran disebabkan oleh pemendapan pasir dan lumpur yang memasuki tangki atau lain-lain kejadian.

Tangki bocorRumput dalam tangki

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AKTIVITI SPAN (Jan - Mac 2016)

Temubual Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif SPAN Dalam Program ‘The Nation’, Bernama TV, 20 Januari 2016, Bernama TV Kuala Lumpur

Operasi Penguatkuasaan Cegah Sambungan Haram, 28 Januari 2016, Balakong, Selangor

Pameran Sempena Program Jelajah Yahijau Sarawak, 30 Januari 2016, Santubong, Sarawak

Majlis Pelancaran Rundingan Awam Sewerage Works Approval Transformation (SWAT) Fasa II, 2 Februari 2016, Hotel Palm Garden

IOI Resort, Putrajaya

Lawatan Delegasi Jabatan Air Negeri Sabah Ke SPAN, 19 Februari 2016, Ibu Pejabat SPAN, Cyberjaya, Selangor

Majlis Makan Malam SPAN Anjuran Kelab Sukan Dan Rekreasi SPAN, 27 Februari 2016, Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (MAEPS),

Serdang

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w w w .span.gov.m y

IBU PEJABATAras Bawah & Aras Satu,Prima Avenue 7, Blok 3510,Jalan Teknokrat 6, 63000 Cyberjaya,Selangor Darul Ehsan.Tel : + 603 - 8317 9333 / 4 / 5Faks : + 603 - 8317 9336 / 9339

WILAYAH SELATANSuruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara,

Tingkat 22, Menara MSC Cyberport,No 5, Jalan Bukit Meldrum,

80300, Johor Bahru,Johor Darul Takzim.

Tel : +607 - 222 5842 / 3Faks : +607 - 222 5844

WILAYAH TENGAHSuruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara,Aras Bawah, Prima Avenue 8,Blok 3508, Jalan Teknokrat 6,63000 Cyberjaya,Selangor Darul Ehsan.Tel : +603 - 8317 9456Faks : +603 - 8317 9460

WILAYAH TIMURSuruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara,

Tingkat 2, Wisma PERKESO,Lot 2467, Jalan Air Jernih,20200, Kuala Terengganu,

Terengganu Darul Iman.Tel : +609 - 624 6087 / 78

Faks : +609 - 624 6088

WILAYAH UTARA(CAWANGAN PERAK)Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara,Lot 6.3, Tingkat 6, Bangunan KWSP,Jalan Greentown,30450 Ipoh,Perak Darul Ridzuan.Tel : +605 - 241 3209 / 10Faks : +605 - 241 3213

WILAYAH SELATAN(CAWANGAN MELAKA)

Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara,Lot 4.2 & 4.3, Tingkat 4,Bangunan Bank Rakyat,

Jalan Hang Tuah,75300, Melaka

Tel : +606 - 281 6314 / 6559

WILAYAH TIMUR(CAWANGAN PAHANG)

Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara,Lot 2.01A, Tingkat 2, Bangunan KWSP,

Persiaran KWSP, Bandar Indera Mahkota25200, Kuantan,

Pahang Darul Makmur.Tel : +609 - 573 0153 / 2

Faks : +609 - 573 0149

WILAYAH UTARASuruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara,

Tingkat 5, Kompleks Sempilai Jaya,Jalan Sempilai,

13700, Seberang Jaya,Pulau Pinang.

Tel : +604 - 397 0532 / 3Faks : +604 - 397 0531

Documents

Bil 1/2016