Bihar Elections 2015

Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015

Press Information Bureau

Government of India

Media

Resource

Book:

Bihar

Assembly

Elections

2015


Press Information Bureau 1

Disclaimer: This Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015 has

been prepared by the Press Information Bureau (PIB) solely for the purpose of

providing information about past General Elections (Parliamentary / Assembly)

conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) to the media persons. Though

all efforts have been made by the officers of the PIB to ensure the accuracy &

currency of the contours of this book, the same should not be construed as a

statement of law or used for any legal purposes. In case of any ambiguity or

doubts, readers are advised to verify /check with the website of ECI or other

sources.

Statistical Sources & References: The Statistical information/data of past

General Elections and various Orders of the Election Commission of India (ECI)

have been taken from the ECI’s website (www.eci.nic.in)

For Feedback:

Please email Shri Rajesh Malhotra, Director (M&C), Election Commission of India,

Press Information Bureau. Email address: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Contents Page No

Chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................................................... 5

Schedule for General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar State ........................................................... 5

Chapter 2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 24

Name of Assembly Constituencies ....................................................................................................................... 24

(With separate constituencies reserved for SC & ST) ......................................................................................... 24

Chapter 3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 36

A Snapshot of 2015 Bihar Electorate .................................................................................................................. 36

Chapter 4 ............................................................................................................................................................. 50

Gender Composition of Electors .......................................................................................................................... 50

Chapter 5 ............................................................................................................................................................. 64

A Snapshot of Newly Eligible Electors ................................................................................................................. 64

Chapter 6 ............................................................................................................................................................. 68

Elector - Population Ratio ................................................................................................................................... 68

Chapter 7 ...................................................................................................................................................... 82

Top and Bottom Districts and Constituencies by Electorate Size....................................................................... 82

Chapter 8 ............................................................................................................................................................. 85

LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 ............................................. 85

Chapter 9 ............................................................................................................................................................. 91

Representation of Political Parties in Current (15th) State Assembly as on the date of Constitution and

strength of each party as on 30.6.2015 ............................................................................................................... 91

Chapter 10 .......................................................................................................................................................... 93

Winners & Runners-Up in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 .................................................................................. 93

Chapter 11 ........................................................................................................................................................ 103

List of winning Candidates with winning Margin less than 5000 votes in Bihar Assembly Election 2010

(Margin Less 5000 in Dark Red Color) .............................................................................................................. 103

Chapter 12 ........................................................................................................................................................ 113

Seats won by Parties in SC Constituencies in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 .................................................. 113

Chapter 13 ........................................................................................................................................................ 117

Performance of Women Candidates in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 ............................................................ 117

Chapter 14 ........................................................................................................................................................ 142

Assembly wise data of Electorate with Gender Composition During 2010 Assembly Election ....................... 142

Chapter 15 ........................................................................................................................................................ 338

EVOLUTION OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM OF INDIA .............................................................................................. 338

Chapter16 ......................................................................................................................................................... 342

Electoral Laws of India ...................................................................................................................................... 342



Chapter 17 ........................................................................................................................................................ 347

Expenditure Monitoring Mechanism ............................................................................................................... 347

Chapter 18 ........................................................................................................................................................ 350

SVEEP - For Making Elections Inclusive ............................................................................................................ 350

Chapter 19 ........................................................................................................................................................ 358

Indelible Ink: Mark on finger, A moment of Pride ............................................................................................. 358

Chapter 20 ........................................................................................................................................................ 360

MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT & ITS EVOLUTION ............................................................................................. 360

Chapter 20 A ..................................................................................................................................................... 371

MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT – FAQs .................................................................................................................. 371

Chapter 22 ........................................................................................................................................................ 378

ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE - FAQs ........................................................................................................... 378

Chapter 24 ........................................................................................................................................................ 393

NOTA-‘None of the Above’.................................................................................................................................. 393

Chapter 25 ........................................................................................................................................................ 396

ELECTION PROCESS - FAQs ............................................................................................................................... 396

Chapter 26 ........................................................................................................................................................ 415

VOTERS ENROLLMENT PROCESS- FAQs ........................................................................................................... 415

Chapter 27 ........................................................................................................................................................ 422

IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF REPRESENTATION OF PEOPLE ACT, 1951 ...................................................... 422

Sec 8: Disqualification on conviction for certain offences: ............................................................. 422

Sec 8A: Disqualification on ground of corrupt practices:................................................................ 424

Sec 34. Deposits: ...................................................................................................................................... 424

Section 52: Death of a Candidate of a recognized political party before poll:............................. 425

Section 77: Account of election expenses and maximum thereof: ............................................... 426

Sec 123. Corrupt practices: ................................................................................................................... 427

Sec. 126: Prohibition of public meetings during period of forty eight hours ending with hour

fixed for conclusion of poll: ................................................................................................................... 431

Chapter 28 ........................................................................................................................................................ 435

MAXIMUM ELECTION EXPENSES UNDER RULE 90 OF CONDUCT OF ELECTION RULES, 1961 .................... 435

Chapter 29 ........................................................................................................................................................ 437

The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968(as amended up to July, 2013) .................... 437

Chapter 30 ........................................................................................................................................................ 440

ELECTION COMMISSION’s ORDER REGARDING ADVERTISEMENTS OF POLITICAL NATURE ON T.V

CHANNELS & CABLE T.V NETWORKS ............................................................................................................... 440

Chapter 31 ........................................................................................................................................................ 448

ELECTION COMMISSION’S ORDER ON POLITICAL ADVERTISEMENTS .......................................................... 448

Chapter 32 ........................................................................................................................................................ 450



Election Commission’s ORDER DATED 18TH March 2009 ............................................................................... 450

Chapter 33 ........................................................................................................................................................ 452

Election Commission’s Order Dated 19th March, 2009 .................................................................................... 452

Chapter 34 ........................................................................................................................................................ 454

ELECTION COMMISSION’S Guidelines on Paid News ........................................................................................ 454

Chapter 35 ........................................................................................................................................................ 466

INSTRUCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION WITH RESPECT TO USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN ELECTION

CAMPAIGNING ................................................................................................................................................... 466

Chapter 36 ........................................................................................................................................................ 470

Media Coverage during the period referred to in Section 126 of RP Act, 1951. .............................................. 470

Chapter 37 .......................................................................................................................................................... 473

PRESS COUNCIL OF INDIA’S GUIDELINES ON ELECTION REPORTING-1996......................................................... 473

Chapter 38 .......................................................................................................................................................... 476

NEWS BROADCASTING STANDARDS AUTHORITY’S (NBSA) GUIDELINES FOR ELECTION BROADCASTS ............. 476

ANNEXURE – I Relevant Orders of ECI .......................................................................................................... 481

Application of Indelible Ink on Electors’ Finger ................................................................................................... 481

Assessment and Inventory of Polling Stations – Basic Minimum Facilities ......................................................... 482

Electoral Roll in Urdu Language.......................................................................................................................... 487

Order Regarding Bulk SMSs ................................................................................................................................ 489

Printing of Photographs of Candidates on Ballot Paper ..................................................................................... 491

Standardised Voting Compartments .................................................................................................................. 493

Storage and Saftety arrangements for the EVMs ............................................................................................. 495

Symbol Order Amendment Notification.............................................................................................................. 500

Transfers/Postings of Officers ............................................................................................................................. 506

Guidelines on Transparency ................................................................................................................................ 509

Important Links ................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 511



Chapter 1

Schedule for General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar State

ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA EPABX 011-23717391-98

Fax 011-23713412/23739944

Website: www.eci.nic.in

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Nirvachan Sadan,

Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001.

No. ECI/PN/53/2015 9TH September, 2015

PRESS NOTE

Subject: Schedule for General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar State – Regarding.

The terms of the Legislative Assembly of Bihar is normally due to expire on

29.11.2015.

By virtue of its powers, duties and functions under Article 324 read with Article

172(1) of the Constitution of India and Section 15 of Representation of the People Act,

1951, the Commission is required to hold elections to constitute the new Legislative

Assembly in the State of Bihar before expiry of its present term.

(1) Assembly Constituencies

The total number of Assembly Constituencies in the States of Bihar and seats

reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, as determined by the

Delimitation Commission under the Delimitation Act, 2002, are as under: -

States Total No. of Assembly Constituencies

Reserved for SCs

Reserved for STs

Bihar 243 38 2

http://www.eci.nic.in/



(2) Electoral Rolls

The Electoral Rolls of all existing Assembly Constituencies in the State of Bihar on

the basis of the electoral rolls revised with reference to 1.1.2015 as the qualifying date

have been finally published on 01.11.2015. The number of electors in the State, as on

07.09.2015 is as under:

States Total No. of Electors Bihar 66826658

(3) Photo Electoral Rolls

Photo electoral rolls will be used during the forthcoming general elections and

photo percentages in Photo Electoral Rolls of these States are as follows:-

States Percentage of Photo Electoral Rolls

Bihar 99.98

(4) Electors Photo Identity Cards (EPIC)

Identification of the voters at the polling booth at the time of poll shall be

mandatory. Electors who have been provided with EPIC shall be identified

through EPIC. Presently, the EPIC coverage in the State is as under:-

States Percentage of EPIC Bihar 100

All the residual electors are advised to obtain their Elector Photo Identity Cards

from the Electoral Registration Officers of their Assembly Constituencies urgently.

In order to ensure that no voter is deprived of his/her franchise, if his/her name

figures in the Electoral Rolls, separate instructions will be issued to allow additional

documents for identification of voters, if needed.

(5) Polling Stations

Polling Stations in the poll going States as on the date of final publication of

electoral rolls are as follows:



States No. of Polling Stations Bihar 62779

For the facility of physically challenged persons, instructions have been issued to

ensure that all polling stations as far as practicable, are located at ground floor and ramps

are provided. Facilitation shall also be provided for locating electors’ names in a polling

station or a group of polling stations through help lines and facilitation centers.

(6) Basic Minimum Facilities (BMF) at Polling Stations

The Commission has issued instructions to the Chief Electoral Officer of all

States to ensure that every Polling Station is equipped with Basic Minimum Facilities

(BMF) like drinking water, shed, toilet, ramp for the physically challenged voters and a

standard voting compartment etc.

(7) Polling Parties and Randomization

Polling parties shall be formed randomly, through special application software.

Three-stage randomization will be adopted. First, from a wider district database of

eligible officials, a shortlist of a minimum 120% of the required numbers will be

randomly picked up. This group will be trained for polling duties. In the second stage,

from this trained manpower, actual polling parties as required shall be formed by random

selection software in the presence of General Observers. In the third randomization, the

polling stations will be allocated randomly just before the polling party’s departure.

There shall be randomization for such Police Constables and Home guards also, who are

deployed at the polling stations on the poll day.

(8) Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)

The poll in these States will be conducted at all polling stations using EVMs. The

Commission has already made arrangements to ensure availability of adequate number

of EVMs for the smooth conduct of elections. The Commission has issued a new set of

instructions with regard to the First Level Check of EVMs, that will be used in the poll in

these States. The First Level Check of EVMs, has been done in the presence of

representatives of political parties. A two-stage randomization of EVMs will be made. In

the first stage, all the EVMs stored in the district storage centre will be randomized by the

District Election Officer (DEO) in the presence of the representatives of the recognized

political parties for allocation assembly constituency-wise. EVMs will be prepared and



set for elections after finalization of the contesting candidates. At this stage also,

candidates or their agents/representatives will be allowed to check and satisfy

themselves in every manner about the functionality of the EVMs. After the EVMs in a

constituency are prepared for the poll by the Returning Officer and the ballot units are

fitted with ballot papers, then the EVMs will again be randomized to decide the actual

polling stations in which they will be ultimately used. The Second Stage randomization

will be done in the presence of Observers, Candidates or their Election Agents.

(9) VVPAT ( Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail)

VVPAT will be used in 36 ACs spread over 34 districts.

(10) Photographs of Candidates on Ballot Paper

Photographs of candidate will be displayed on Ballot Paper to be fixed on Ballot

Unit along with symbol of respective candidates.

(11) None of the Above (NOTA) Option in EVMs

In its judgment dated 27th September, 2013 in Writ Petition (C) No. 161 of 2004,

the Supreme Court has directed that there should be a “None of the Above” (NOTA) option

on the ballot papers and EVMs. The Court has directed that the Commission should

implement it ‘either in a phased manner or at a time with the assistance of Government

of India’.

On the Balloting Unit, below the name of the last candidate, there will now be a

button for NOTA option so that electors who do not want to vote for any of the candidates

can exercise their option by pressing the button against NOTA.

The Commission is taking steps to bring this to the knowledge of voters and all

other stakeholders and to train all field level officials including the polling personnel

about the NOTA option.

(12) Affidavits of candidates – all columns to be filled in

In pursuance of the judgment dated 13th September, 2013 passed by the Supreme

Court in Writ Petition (C) No. 121 of 2008, which among other things makes it obligatory

for the Returning Officer “to check whether the information required is fully furnished at

the time of filing of affidavit with the nomination paper”, the Commission has issued

instructions that in the affidavit to be filed along with the nomination paper, candidates

are required to fill up all columns. If any column in the affidavit is left blank, the Returning



Officer will issue a notice to the candidate to file the affidavit with all columns filled in.

After such notice, if a candidate fails to file affidavit complete in all respect, the

nomination paper will be liable to be rejected at the time of scrutiny. The Chief Electoral

Officer has been directed to brief all Returning Officers about the judgment of the

Supreme Court and the Commission’s instructions.

(13) Communication plan

The Commission attaches great importance to preparation and implementation of

a perfect communication plan at the district/constituency level for the smooth conduct

of elections and to enable concurrent intervention and mid course correction on the poll

day. For the said purpose, the Commission has directed the Chief Electoral Officer of

Bihar state to coordinate with the officers of Telecommunication Department in the State

headquarters, BSNL/MTNL authorities, the representatives of other leading service

providers in the State so that network status in the States is assessed and communication

shadow areas be identified. The CEO has also been advised to ensure best communication

plan in the State.

(14) Videography

All critical events will be video-graphed. District Election Officers will arrange

sufficient number of video and digital cameras and camera teams for the purpose. The

events for videography will include filing of nominations, scrutiny thereof and allotment

of symbols, First Level Checking, preparations and storage of Electronic Voting Machines,

important public meetings, processions etc. during campaign, process of dispatching of

postal ballot papers, polling process in identified vulnerable polling stations, storage of

polled EVMs, counting of votes etc. Webcasting, Videography and Digital cameras will also

be deployed inside polling booths wherever needed. CDs of video recordings will be

available on payment to anyone who wishes to obtain a copy of the same.

(15) Law and Order and Deployment of Forces

Conduct of elections involves elaborate security management. It includes ensuring

the security of polling personnel, security at the polling stations, security of polling

materials and also the overall security of the election process. Central Armed Police

Forces (CAPFs) are deployed for area domination prior to poll in order to build

confidence in the minds of voters specially vulnerable voters viz. weaker section,

minorities etc. Keeping all this in mind, the very designing of the poll schedule, and



sequencing of multi-phase elections and choice of constituencies for each phase had to

follow the logic of force availability and force management.

The Commission has taken various measures to ensure free and fair elections by

creating an atmosphere in which each elector is able to access the polling station without

being obstructed or being unduly influenced/intimidated by anybody.

Based on the assessment of the ground situation, Central Armed Police Forces

(CAPF) and State Armed Police (SAP) drawn from other States will be deployed during

these elections. The CAPF and SAP will be used generally for safeguarding the polling

stations and for providing security to the electors and polling personnel at the polling

stations on the poll day. Besides, these forces will be used for securing the strong rooms

where the EVMs are stored and for securing the counting centers and for other purposes,

as required.

The Commission has been issuing instructions from time to time with regard to

the advance preventive measures to be taken by the District Magistrates and Police

authorities to maintain the Law & Order and to create atmosphere conducive for the

conduct of free and fair elections. The Commission will be constantly monitoring the

ground situation closely and will take appropriate measures to ensure peaceful, free and

fair polls in these States.

(16) Protection to SC/ST Electors

As per Section 3 (1) (vii) of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of

Atrocities) Act, 1989, whoever, not being a member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled

Tribe, forces or intimidates a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe not to

vote or to vote for a particular candidate or to vote in a manner other than that provided

by law shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six

months but which may extend to five years and with fine. The Commission has asked the

State Governments to bring these provisions to the notice of all concerned for prompt

action.

(17) General Observers

The Commission will deploy General Observers in adequate number to ensure

smooth conduct of elections. The Observers will be asked to keep a close watch on every

stage of the electoral process to ensure free and fair elections. Their names, addresses

within the district/constituency and their telephone numbers will be publicized in local



newspapers so that the general public can quickly approach them for any grievance

redressal. The Observers will be given a detailed briefing by the Commission before their

deployment. Commission may also deploy Police Observers to keep a close watch on law

& order situation.

(18) Election Expenditure Monitoring

Comprehensive instructions for the purpose of effective monitoring of the election

expenditure of the candidates have been issued, which include formation of flying squads,

static surveillance Teams, video surveillance Teams, involvement of Investigation

Directorates of Income Tax Deptt. etc. State Excise Departments and police authorities

have been asked to monitor production, distribution, sale and storage of liquor and other

intoxicants during the election process.

For greater transparency and for ease of monitoring of Election Expenses,

Candidates would be required to open a separate bank account and incur their election

expenses from that very account. The Investigation Directorate of Income Tax Dept. has

been asked to open Air Intelligence unit in the airports of these states and also to gather

intelligence and take necessary action against movement of large sum of money in these

states.

Expenditure Observers and Assistant Exp. Observers from Central Government

are being appointed to keep close watch on election expenditure of the candidates.

Control room and Complaint Monitoring Centre with 24 hours toll free numbers shall be

operative during the entire election process. Banks and financial intelligence units of

Government of India have been asked to forward suspicious cash withdrawal reports to

the election officials.

All candidates must ensure that they file their affidavits in the revised format

(Form 26) only. The revised format is available on the ECI website and in Returning

Officer’s handbook.

(19) Paid News

To deal with the issue of ‘Paid News’, a mechanism has been laid out with three

tier of Media certification and Monitoring Committees (MCMC) at District, State and ECI



level. Revised comprehensive instruction on ‘Paid News’ are available on the

Commission’s Website.

Necessary instructions have been issued to the CEO of Bihar state to ensure

briefing of political parties and Media in the districts about ‘Paid News’ and the

mechanism to check ‘Paid News’. The MCMCs of all states have been trained to do their

job.

(20) Police Observers

The Commission may deploy IPS officers as Police Observers in district level, in

the poll going States depending upon the need and sensitivity. They will monitor all

activities relating to force deployment, law and order situation and co-ordinate between

civil and Police administration to ensure free and fair election.

(21) Micro Observers

In addition to General Observers, the Commission will also deploy Micro

Observers to observe the poll proceedings in the polling stations on the poll day in

selected critical polling stations. They will be chosen from Central Government/Central

PSUs officials. Micro-Observers will observe the proceedings at the polling stations on the

poll day right from the mock poll to the completion of poll and the process of sealing of

EVMs and other documents to ensure that all instructions of the Commission are

complied with by the Polling Parties and the Polling Agents. They will report to the

General Observers directly about any vitiation of the poll proceedings in their allotted

polling stations.

(22) Systematic Voters’ Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP)

Comprehensive measures for voters’ education were taken up during the Special

Roll Revision process in the state. These measures will continue and will be further

augmented during the electoral process.

10% of the lowest turnout Polling Stations in each district have been identified

and possible reasons for the lower turnout analysed. KABBP (Knowledge, attitude,

Behaviour, Belief and Practices) survey has also been undertaken by the Chief Electoral

Officer and interventions based on the findings have been taken up.

Chief Electoral Officer of the state has been directed to ensure wide dissemination

of election related information as well as adequate facilitation measures for ensuing



wider participation of people in polling. A Model polling station will be set up in each of

the 243 Assembly Constituencies. Voter helplines, Voters’ Facilitation Centres, web and

SMS based search facilities are active for assistance of voters. Reminder services on poll

days have been meticulously planned. There are special facilities in place for persons with

disability.

Awareness Observers from Central Government are being appointed to observe the

SVEEP programme carried out during the election period for ensuring that information

reaches the grassroot.

(23) Conduct of Officials

The Commission expects all officials engaged in the conduct of elections to

discharge their duties in an impartial manner without any fear or favour. They are

deemed to be on deputation to the Commission and shall be subject to its control,

supervision and discipline. The conduct of all Government officials who have been

entrusted with election related responsibilities and duties would remain under constant

scrutiny of the Commission and strict action shall be taken against those officials who are

found wanting on any account.

The Commission has already given instructions that no election related official or

Police officer of the rank of Inspector and above shall be allowed to continue in his home

district. Besides, instructions have also been issued that election related officials

including police officials of Inspector level & above who have completed three years in a

district during last four years should be transferred out of that district. Police officers of

the rank of Sub Inspectors who have completed three years in a Sub Division/Assembly

Constituency or are posted in their home sub division/assembly constituency shall be

transferred out of that Sub Division and the Assembly Constituency.

The Commission has also instructed the State Government not to associate any officer

with the electoral process against whom charges have been framed in a court of law in

any case.

(24) District Election Plan

The District Election Officers have been asked to prepare a comprehensive district

election plan in consultation with SPs and Sector Officers including the route plan and



communication plan for conduct of elections. These plans will be vetted by the Observers

taking into account vulnerability mapping exercise and mapping of critical polling station

in accordance with Election Commission of India’s extant instructions.

(25) Model Code of Conduct

The Model Code of Conduct comes into effect immediately from now onwards. All

the provisions of the Model Code will apply to the whole of Bihar State and will be

applicable to all candidates, political parties, the State Government of Bihar. The Model

Code of Conduct shall be applicable to the Union Govt. for the State.

The Commission has made elaborate arrangements for ensuring the effective

implementation of the MCC Guidelines Any violations of these Guidelines would be

strictly dealt with and the Commission re-emphasizes that the instructions issued in this

regard from time to time should be read and understood by all Political Parties,

contesting candidates and their agents/representatives, to avoid any misgivings or lack

of information or understanding/interpretation.

(26) Photo Voter Slips

To facilitate the voters to know where he/she is enrolled as a voter at a particular

polling station and what is his/her serial number in the Electoral roll, the Commission

has directed that voter slip along with Photo (wherever present in the roll) will be

distributed to all enrolled voters by the District Election Officer. It has also been directed

that the said voter slip should be in the languages in which electoral roll is published for

that Assembly Constituency.

(27) Complaint redressal mechanism – Call Center and Website based

Bihar State shall have a complaint redressal mechanism based on website and call

center. The number of call center is 1950, which is a toll free number. The URL of the

complaint registration website will be announced for the State by the Chief Electoral

Officer separately. Complaints can be registered by making calls to the toll free call center

numbers or on the web site. Action will be taken within time limit on all complaints.

Complainants will also be informed of the action taken by SMS and by the call center.

Complainants can also see the details of the action taken on their complaints on the

website.



(28) Schedules of Election

The Commission has prepared the Schedules for holding General Elections to the

Legislative Assembly of Bihar after taking into consideration all relevant aspects, like the

Climatic conditions, Academic Calendars, Festivals, prevailing law and order situation in

the States, availability of Central Police Forces, time needed for movement,

transportation and timely deployment of forces, and assessment of other ground realities.

The Commission after considering all relevant aspects has decided to recommend to

the Governor of the State, to issue notifications for the General Elections to the Legislative

Assembly of the state of Bihar under the relevant provisions of the Representation of the

People Act, 1951. The Election Schedule for general election to the Legislative Assembly

of Bihar is appended at Annexure ‘1’.

(SUMIT MUKHERJEE)

SECRETARY



ANNEXURE-1

Schedule

Schedule for General Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar:

Phase-1 Phase-2 Phase-3 Phase-4 Phase-5

Date of Notification 16.09.2015

(Wednesday)

21.09.2015

(Monday)

01.10.2015

(Thursday)

07.10.2015

(Wednesday)

08.10.2015

(Thursday)

Last Date of Making

Nomination

23.09.2015

(Wednesday)

28.09.2015

(Monday)

08.10.2015

(Thursday)

14.10.2015

(Wednesday)

15.10.2015

(Thursday)

Date of Scrutiny 24.09.2015

(Thursday)

29.09.2015

(Tuesday)

09.10.2015

(Friday)

15.10.2015

(Thursday)

17.10.2015

(Saturday)

Last date of

withdrawal

26.09.2015

(Saturday)

01.10.2015

(Thursday)

12.10.2015

(Monday)

17.10.2015

(Saturday)

19.10.2015

(Monday)

Date of Poll 12.10.2015

(Monday)

16.10.2015 (Friday)

28.10.2015

(Wednesday)

01.11.2015

(Sunday)

05.11.2015

(Thursday)

Date of Counting 08.11.2015 (Sunday)

08.11.2015 (Sunday)

08.11.2015 (Sunday)

08.11.2015 (Sunday)

08.11.2015 (Sunday)

Date before which

the Election Shall be

Completed

12.11.2015

(Thursday)

12.11.2015 (Thursday)

12.11.2015 (Thursday)

12.11.2015 (Thursday)

12.11.2015 (Thursday)



List of Forty Nine (49) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-1:

Sl. No. Phase-1

Name of District No. and Name of Assembly Constituency

1 2

1 SAMASTIPUR 131-Kalyanpur (SC)

132-Warisnagar

133-Samastipur

134-Ujiarpur

135-Morwa

136-Sarairanjan

137-Mohiuddinnagar

138-Bibhutipur

139-Rosera (SC)

140-Hasanpur

2 BEGUSARAI 141-Cheria-Bariarpur

142-Bachhwara

143-Teghra

144-Matihani

145-Sahebpur Kamal

146-Begusarai

147-Bakhri (SC)

3 KHAGARIA 148-Alauli (SC)

149-Khagaria

150-Beldaur

151-Parbatta

4 BHAGALPUR 152-Bihpur

153-Gopalpur

154-Pirpainti (SC)

155-Kahalgaon

156-Bhagalpur

157-Sultanganj

158-Nathnagar

5 BANKA 159-Amarpur

160-Dhoraiya (SC)

161-Banka

162-Katoria (ST)

163-Belhar

6 MUNGER 164-Tarapur

165-Munger

166-Jamalpur

7 LAKHISARAI 167-Suryagarha

168-Lakhisarai

8 SHEIKHPURA 169-Sheikhpura

170-Barbigha

9 NAWADA 235-Rajauli (SC)

236-Hisua



237-Nawada

238-Gobindpur

239-Warsaliganj

10 JAMUI 240-Sikandra (SC)

241-Jamui

242-Jhajha

243-Chakai

List of Thirty Two (32) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-2:

Sl. No. Phase-2


1 2

1 KAIMUR (BHABUA) 203-Ramgarh

204-Mohania (SC)

205-Bhabua

206-Chainpur

2 ROHTAS 207-Chenari (SC)

208-Sasaram

209-Kargahar

210-Dinara

211-Nokha

212-Dehri

213-Karakat

3 ARWAL 214-Arwal

215-Kurtha

4 JAHANABAD 216-Jehanabad

217-Ghosi

218-Makhdumpur (SC)

5 AURANGABAD 219-Goh

220-Obra

221-Nabinagar

222-Kutumba (SC)

223-Aurangabad

224-Rafiganj

6 GAYA 225-Gurua

226-Sherghati

227-Imamganj (SC)

228-Barachatti (SC)

229-Bodh Gaya (SC)

230-Gaya Town

231-Tikari

232-Belaganj

233-Atri

234-Wazirganj



List of Fifty (50) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-3:

Sl. No. Phase-3


1 2

1 SARAN 113-Ekma

114-Manjhi

115-Baniapur

116-Taraiya

117-Marhaura

118-Chapra

119-Garkha (SC)

120-Amnour

121-Parsa

122-Sonepur

2 VAISHALI 123-Hajipur

124-Lalganj

125-Vaishali

126-Mahua

127-Raja Pakar (SC)

128-Raghopur

129-Mahnar

130-Patepur (SC)

3 NALANDA 171-Asthawan

172-Biharsharif

173-Rajgir (SC)

174-Islampur

175-Hilsa

176-Nalanda

177-Harnaut

4 PATNA 178-Mokama

179-Barh

180-Bakhtiarpur

181-Digha

182-Bankipur

183-Kumhrar

184-Patna Sahib

185-Fatuha

186-Danapur

187-Maner

188-Phulwari (SC)

189-Masaurhi (SC)

190-Paliganj

191-Bikram

5 BHOJPUR 192-Sandesh

193-Barhara

194-Arrah

195-Agiaon (SC)

196-Tarari



197-Jagdishpur

198-Shahpur

6 BUXAR 199-Brahampur

200-Buxar

201-Dumraon

202-Rajpur (SC)

List of Fifty Five (55) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-4:

Sl.No. Phase-4


1 2

1 PASCHIM CHAMPARAN 1-Valmiki Nagar

2-Ramnagar (SC)

3-Narkatiaganj

4-Bagaha

5-Lauriya

6-Nautan

7-Chanpatia

8-Bettiah

9-Sikta

2 PURVI CHAMPARAN 10-Raxaul

11-Sugauli

12-Narkatia

13-Harsidhi (SC)

14-Govindganj

15-Kesaria

16-Kalyanpur

17-Pipra

18-Madhuban

19-Motihari

20-Chiraia

21-Dhaka

3 SHEOHAR 22-Sheohar

4 SITAMARHI 23-Riga

24-Bathnaha (SC)

25-Parihar

26-Sursand

27-Bajpatti

28-Sitamarhi

29-Runnisaidpur

30-Belsand

5 MUZAFFARPUR 88-Gaighat

89-Aurai

90-Minapur

91-Bochaha (SC)



92-Sakra (SC)

93-Kurhani

94-Muzaffarpur

95-Kanti

96-Baruraj

97-Paroo

98-Sahebganj

6 GOPALGANJ 99-Baikunthpur

100-Barauli

101-Gopalganj

102-Kuchaikote

103-Bhorey (SC)

104-Hathua

7 SIWAN 105-Siwan

106-Ziradei

107-Darauli (SC)

108-Raghunathpur

109-Daraundha

110-Barharia

111-Goriakothi

112-Maharajganj



List of Fifty Seven (57) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-5:

Sl. No. Phase-5


1 2

1 MADHUBANI 31-Harlakhi

32- Benipatti

33-Khajauli

34-Babubarhi

35-Bisfi

36-Madhubani

37-Rajnagar (SC)

38-Jhanjharpur

39-Phulparas

40-Laukaha

2 SUPAUL 41-Nirmali

42-Pipra

43-Supaul

44-Triveniganj (SC)

45-Chhatapur

3 ARARIA 46-Narpatganj

47-Raniganj (SC)

48-Forbesganj

49-Araria

50-Jokihat

51-Sikti

4 KISHANGANJ 52-Bahadurganj

53-Thakurganj

54-Kishanganj

55-Kochadhaman

5 PURNIA 56-Amour

57-Baisi

58-Kasba

59-Banmankhi (SC)

60-Rupauli

61-Dhamdaha

62-Purnia

6 KATIHAR 63-Katihar

64-Kadwa

65-Balrampur

66-Pranpur

67-Manihari (ST)

68-Barari

69-Korha (SC)

7 MADHEPURA 70-Alamnagar

71-Bihariganj

72-Singheshwar (SC)



73-Madhepura

8 SAHARSA 74-Sonbarsha (SC)

75-Saharsa

76-Simri Bakhtiarpur 77-Mahishi

9 DARBHANGA 78-Kusheshwar Asthan (SC)

79-Gaura Bauram

80-Benipur

81-Alinagar

82-Darbhanga Rural

83-Darbhanga

84-Hayaghat

85-Bahadurpur

86-Keoti

87-Jale



Chapter 2

Name of Assembly Constituencies

(With separate constituencies reserved for SC & ST)

Sl. No

Name of District / Parliamentary Constituency

Name of Assembly Constituency

Name of Assembly

Constituency Reserved for SC

Name of Assembly

Constituency Reserved for

ST 1) PC01

Valmikinagar 1-Valmiki Nagar

2-Ramnagar (SC)

3-Narkatiaganj

4-Bagaha

5-Lauriya

9-Sikta

2-Ramnagar (SC) -

2) PC02 Paschim Champaran

6-Nautan

7-Chanpatia

8-Bettiah

10-Raxaul

11-Sugauli

12-Narkatial

-

-

3) PC03 Purvi Champaran

13-Harsidhi (SC)

14-Govindganj

15-Kesaria

16-Kalyanpur

13-Harsidhi (SC) -

http://ceobihar.nic.in/Form20/GE-2014/AC001.pdf




















17-Pipra

19-Motihari

4) PC04 Sheohar

18-Madhuban

20-Chiraia)

21-Dhaka

22-Sheohar

23-Riga

30-Belsand

5) PC05 Sitamarhi

24-Bathnaha (SC)

25-Parihar

26-Sursand

27-Bajpatti

28-Sitamarhi

29-Runnisaidpur

24-Bathnaha (SC)

-

6) PC06 Madhubani

31-Harlakhi

32-Benipatti

35-Bisfi

36-Madhubani

86-Keoti

87-Jale

- -

7) PC07 Jhanjharpur

33-Khajauli

34-Babubarhi

37-Rajnagar (SC)

37-Rajnagar (SC)

-





























38-Jhanjharpur

39-Phulparas

40-Laukaha

8) PC08

Supaul 41-Nirmali

42-Pipra

43-Supaul

44-Triveniganj (SC)

45-Chhatapur

72-Singheshwar (SC)

44-Triveniganj (SC) 72-Singheshwar (SC)

9) PC09 Araria

46-Narpatganj

47-Raniganj (SC)

48-Forbesganj

49-Araria

50-Jokihat

51-Sikti

47-Raniganj (SC)

-

10) PC10 Kishanganj

52-Bahadurganj

53-Thakurganj

54-Kishanganj

55-Kochadhaman

56-Amour

57-Baisi

- -




























11) PC11 Katihar

63-Katihar

64-Kadwa

65-Balrampur

66-Pranpur 67-Manihari (ST)

68-Barari

- 67-Manihari (ST)

12) PC12 Purnea

58-Kasba

59-Banmankhi (SC)

60-Rupauli

61-Dhamdaha

62-Purnia

69-Korha (SC)

59-Banmankhi (SC) 69-Korha (SC)

13) PC13 Madhepura

70-Alamnagar

71-Bihariganj

73-Madhepura

74-Sonbarsha (SC)

75-Saharsa

77-Mahishi

74-Sonbarsha (SC)

-

14) PC14 Darbhanga

79-Gaura Bauram

80-Benipur

81-Alinagar

82-Darbhanga Rural

- -

































83-Darbhanga

85-Bahadurpur

15) PC15 Muzaffarpur

88-Gaighat

89-Aurai

91-Bochaha (SC)

92-Sakra (SC)

93-Kurhani

94-Muzaffarpur

91-Bochaha (SC) 92-Sakra (SC)

-

16) PC16 VAISHALI

90-Minapur

95-Kanti

96-Baruraj

97-Paroo

98-Sahebganj

125-Vaishali

17) PC17 Gopalganj (SC)

99-Baikunthpur

100-Barauli

101-Gopalganj

102-Kuchaikote

103-Bhorey (SC) 104-Hathua

103-Bhorey (SC) -

18) PC18 Siwan

105-Siwan

106-Ziradei

107-Darauli (SC)

107-Darauli (SC)

-
































108-Raghunathpur

109-Daraundha

110-Barharia

19) PC19

Maharajganj 111-Goriakothi

112-Maharajganj

113-Ekma

114-Manjhi

115-Baniapur

116-Taraiya

- -

20) PC20 Saran

117-Marhaura

118-Chapra

119-Garkha (SC)

120-Amnour

121-Parsa 122-Sonepur

119-Garkha (SC) -

21) PC21 Hajipur (SC)

123-Hajipur

124-Lalganj

126-Mahua

127-Raja Pakar (SC)

128-Raghopur

129-Mahnar

127-Raja Pakar (SC)

-



























22) PC22 Ujiarpur

130-Patepur (SC)

134-Ujiarpur

135-Morwa

136-Sarairanjan

137-Mohiuddinnagar

138-Bibhutipur

130-Patepur (SC)

-

23) PC23 Samastipur (SC)

78-Kusheshwar Asthan (SC)

84-Hayaghat

131-Kalyanpur (SC)

132-Warisnagar

133-Samastipur

139-Rosera (SC)

78-Kusheshwar Asthan (SC) 131-Kalyanpur (SC) 139-Rosera (SC)

-

24) PC24 Begusarai

141-Cheria Bariarpur

142-Bachhwara

143-Teghra

144-Matihani

145-Sahebpur Kamal

146-Begusarai

147-Bakhri (SC)

147-Bakhri (SC) -

25) PC25 Khagaria

76-Simri Bakhtiarpur

148-Alauli (SC) -





































140-Hasanpur

148-Alauli (SC)

149-Khagaria

150-Beldaur

151-Parbatta

26) PC26

Bhagalpur 152-Bihpur

153-Gopalpur

154-Pirpainti (SC)

155-Kahalgaon

156-Bhagalpur

158-Nathnagar

154-Pirpainti (SC)

-

27) PC27 Banka

157-Sultanganj

159-Amarpur

160-Dhauraiya (SC)

161-Banka

162-Katoria (ST)

163-Belhar

160-Dhauraiya (SC)

162-Katoria (ST)

28) PC28 Munger

165-Munger

166-Jamalpur

167-Suryagarha

168-Lakhisarai

178-Mokama

- -






























179-Barh

29) PC29

Nalanda 171-Asthawan

172-Biharsharif

173-Rajgir (SC)

174-Islampur

175-Hilsa

176-Nalanda

177-Harnaut

173-Rajgir (SC)

-

30) PC30 Patna Sahib

180-Bakhtiarpur

181-Digha

182-Bankipur

183-Kumhrar

184-Patna Sahib

185-Fatuha

- -

31) PC31 Patliputra

186-Danapur

187-Maner

188-Phulwari (SC)

189-Masaurhi (SC)

190-Paliganj

191-Bikram

188-Phulwari (SC) 189-Masaurhi (SC)

-

32) PC32 Arrah

192-Sandesh

193-Barhara

195-Agiaon (SC) -
































194-Arrah

195-Agiaon (SC)

196-Tarari

197-Jagdishpur

198-Shahpur

33) PC33 Buxar

199-Brahampur

200-Buxar

201-Dumraon

202-Rajpur (SC)

203-Ramgarh

210-Dinara

202-Rajpur (SC) -

34) PC34 SASARAM

204-Mohania (SC)

205-Bhabua

206-Chainpur

207-Chenari (SC)

208-Sasaram

209-Kargahar

204-Mohania (SC) 207-Chenari (SC)

-

35) PC35 KARAKAT

211-Nokha

212-Dehri

213-Karakat

219-Goh

220-Obra

221-Nabinagar

- -































36) PC36

Jehanabad 214-Arwal

215-Kurtha

216-Jehanabad

217-Ghosi

218-Makhdumpur (SC)

233-Atri

218-Makhdumpur (SC)

-

37) PC37 Aurangabad

222-Kutumba (SC)

223-Aurangabad

224-Rafiganj

225-Gurua

227-Imamganj (SC)

231-Tikari

222-Kutumba (SC) 227-Imamganj (SC)

-

38) PC38 Gaya

226-Sherghati

228-Barachatti (SC)

229-Bodh Gaya (SC)

230-Gaya Town

232-Belaganj

234-Wazirganj

228-Barachatti (SC) 229-Bodh Gaya (SC)

-





























39) PC39 Nawada

170-Barbigha

235-Rajauli (SC)

236-Hisua

237-Nawada

238-Gobindpur

239-Warsaliganj

235-Rajauli (SC)

-

40) PC40 Jamui

164-Tarapur

169-Sheikhpura

240-Sikandra (SC)

241-Jamui

242-Jhajha

243-Chakai

240-Sikandra (SC)

-



















Chapter 3

A Snapshot of 2015 Bihar Electorate

There is a total of 6.68 crore electors for the Bihar General Elections of 2015.

It is notable that every single registered elector of the 66,826,658 electors has an

EPIC card. The EPIC coverage for the Bihar Assembly Elections of 2015 is thus a

perfect 100%.

Out of the 38 districts of Bihar, Patna at 43.7 lakh electors has the highest number

of electors, forming 6.54% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by

East Champaran, with 4.63% of the total number of electors. In total, six districts

have an electorate which is more than 4% of the total electorate of the state.

At the other end, Sheohar at 2.73 lakh electors has the lowest number of electors,

comprising 0.41% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by

Sheikhpura, with 0.64% of the total number of electors. In total, four districts have

an electorate size which is less than 1% of the total electorate of the state.

Sl. No District

Electors

Number of Electors As % of Total

Electors in State

1 West Champaran 2,273,830 3.40%

2 East Champaran 3,092,161 4.63%

3 Sheohar 273,466 0.41%

4 Sitamarhi 2,162,173 3.24%

5 Madhubani 2,903,674 4.35%

6 Supaul 1,311,518 1.96%

7 Araria 1,655,143 2.48%

8 KishanGanj 985,787 1.48%



Sl. No District

Electors


Electors in State

9 Purnia 1,923,933 2.88%

10 Katihar 1,776,856 2.66%

11 Madhepura 1,186,978 1.78%

12 Saharsa 1,189,812 1.78%

13 Darbhanga 2,558,668 3.83%

14 Muzaffarpur 2,947,884 4.41%

15 Gopalganj 1,720,352 2.57%

16 Siwan 2,223,428 3.33%

17 Saran 2,728,935 4.08%

18 Vaishali 2,269,503 3.40%

19 Samastipur 2,613,594 3.91%

20 Begusarai 1,866,900 2.79%

21 Khagaria 1,027,111 1.54%

22 Bhagalpur 2,041,079 3.05%

23 Banka 1,302,641 1.95%

24 Munger 894,806 1.34%

25 Lakhisarai 657,860 0.98%

26 Sheikhpura 429,805 0.64%

27 Nalanda 2,008,842 3.01%

28 Patna 4,368,288 6.54%

29 Bhojpur 1,960,501 2.93%

30 Buxar 1,182,636 1.77%

31 Kaimur (Bhabua) 1,036,786 1.55%

32 Rohtas 2,004,420 3.00%



Sl. No District

Electors


Electors in State

33 Arwal 476,141 0.71%

34 Jahanabad 735,311 1.10%

35 Aurangabad 1,660,077 2.48%

36 Gaya 2,673,969 4.00%

37 Nawada 1,576,917 2.36%

38 Jamui 1,124,873 1.68%

State of Bihar 66,826,658 100%

At the constituency level, Digha of Patna district has the largest number of

electors at 4.28 lakh electors, comprising 0.64% of the total electorate of the

state, while Barbigha of Sheikhpura district has the smallest number of electors

at 2.03 lakh electors, forming 0.30% of the total electorate of the state.



District

Assembly Constituency Electors

No Name Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

State

West

Champaran

1 Valmiki Nagar 293,856 0.44%

2 Ramnagar (SC) 261,172 0.39%

3 Narkatiaganj 242,545 0.36%

4 Bagaha 271,212 0.41%

5 Lauriya 225,175 0.34%

6 Nautan 242,764 0.36%

7 Chanpatia 245,297 0.37%

8 Bettiah 248,311 0.37%

9 Sikta 243,498 0.36%

East

Champaran

10 Raxaul 257,669 0.39%

11 Sugauli 258,543 0.39%

12 Narkatia 256,325 0.38%

13 Harsidhi (SC) 234,302 0.35%

14 Govindganj 242,597 0.36%

15 Kesaria 240,433 0.36%

16 Kalyanpur 226,628 0.34%

17 Pipra 298,807 0.45%

18 Madhuban 233,670 0.35%

19 Motihari 291,214 0.44%

20 Chiraia 266,947 0.40%

21 Dhaka 285,026 0.43%



District


No Name Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

State

Sheohar 22 Sheohar 273,466 0.41%

Sitamarhi

23 Riga 282,179 0.42%

24 Bathnaha (SC) 276,005 0.41%

25 Parihar 283,694 0.42%

26 Sursand 286,285 0.43%

27 Bajpatti 283,754 0.42%

28 Sitamarhi 258,844 0.39%

29 Runnisaidpur 256,207 0.38%

30 Belsand 235,205 0.35%

Madhubani

31 Harlakhi 258,064 0.39%

32 Benipatti 271,202 0.41%

33 Khajauli 277,559 0.42%

34 Babubarhi 281,670 0.42%

35 Bisfi 301,836 0.45%

36 Madhubani 319,920 0.48%

37 Rajnagar (SC) 295,117 0.44%

38 Jhanjharpur 290,386 0.43%

39 Phulparas 301,035 0.45%

40 Laukaha 306,885 0.46%

Supaul

41 Nirmali 269,400 0.40%

42 Pipra 259,806 0.39%

43 Supaul 262,030 0.39%

44 Triveniganj (SC) 257,034 0.38%



District


No Name Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

State

45 Chhatapur 263,248 0.39%

Araria

46 Narpatganj 280,075 0.42%

47 Raniganj (SC) 283,144 0.42%

48 Forbesganj 299,277 0.45%

49 Araria 277,084 0.41%

50 Jokihat 257,553 0.39%

51 Sikti 258,010 0.39%

Kishanganj

52 Bahadurganj 255,585 0.38%

53 Thakurganj 257,057 0.38%

54 Kishanganj 256,638 0.38%

55 Kochadhaman 216,507 0.32%

Purnia

56 Amour 278,978 0.42%

57 Baisi 244,829 0.37%

58 Kasba 261,802 0.39%

59 Banmankhi (SC) 279,862 0.42%

60 Rupauli 289,187 0.43%

61 Dhamdaha 287,153 0.43%

62 Purnia 282,122 0.42%

Katihar

63 Katihar 242,009 0.36%

64 Kadwa 244,333 0.37%

65 Balrampur 297,552 0.45%

66 Pranpur 262,241 0.39%

67 Manihari (ST) 247,205 0.37%



District


No Name Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

State

68 Barari 236,489 0.35%

69 Korha (SC) 247,027 0.37%

Madhepura

70 Alamnagar 313,166 0.47%

71 Bihariganj 283,934 0.42%

72 Singheshwar (SC) 285,720 0.43%

73 Madhepura 304,158 0.46%

Saharsa

74 Sonbarsha (SC) 281,959 0.42%

75 Saharsa 332,797 0.50%

76 Simri Bakhtiarpur 303,559 0.45%

77 Mahishi 271,497 0.41%

Darbhanga

78 Kusheshwar

Asthan (SC) 227,066 0.34%

79 Gaura Bauram 229,019 0.34%

80 Benipur 266,401 0.40%

81 Alinagar 251,440 0.38%

82 Darbhanga Rural 263,287 0.39%

83 Darbhanga 282,045 0.42%

84 Hayaghat 219,644 0.33%

85 Bahadurpur 268,086 0.40%

86 Keoti 265,923 0.40%

87 Jale 285,757 0.43%

Muzaffarpur

88 Gaighat 285,383 0.43%

89 Aurai 276,384 0.41%



District


No Name Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

State

90 Minapur 249,698 0.37%

91 Bochaha (SC) 252,407 0.38%

92 Sakra (SC) 240,447 0.36%

93 Kurhani 263,517 0.39%

94 Muzaffarpur 296,134 0.44%

95 Kanti 273,273 0.41%

96 Baruraj 257,132 0.38%

97 Paroo 276,036 0.41%

98 Sahebganj 277,473 0.42%

Gopalganj

99 Baikunthpur 280,844 0.42%

100 Barauli 255,874 0.38%

101 Gopalganj 297,509 0.45%

102 Kuchaikote 297,225 0.44%

103 Bhorey (SC) 316,728 0.47%

104 Hathua 272,172 0.41%

Siwan

105 Siwan 280,564 0.42%

106 Ziradei 253,194 0.38%

107 Darauli (SC) 287,505 0.43%

108 Raghunathpur 265,245 0.40%

109 Daraundha 288,594 0.43%

110 Barharia 272,455 0.41%

111 Goriakothi 299,463 0.45%

112 Maharajganj 276,408 0.41%



District


No Name Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

State

Saran

113 Ekma 281,642 0.42%

114 Manjhi 282,118 0.42%

115 Baniapur 300,038 0.45%

116 Taraiya 277,058 0.41%

117 Marhaura 244,753 0.37%

118 Chapra 304,043 0.45%

119 Garkha (SC) 281,928 0.42%

120 Amnour 242,140 0.36%

121 Parsa 248,913 0.37%

122 Sonepur 266,302 0.40%

Vaishali

123 Hajipur 310,010 0.46%

124 Lalganj 308,928 0.46%

125 Vaishali 294,670 0.44%

126 Mahua 264,586 0.40%

127 Raja Pakar (SC) 243,296 0.36%

128 Raghopur 316,177 0.47%

129 Mahnar 272,375 0.41%

130 Patepur (SC) 259,461 0.39%

Samastipur

131 Kalyanpur (SC) 293,038 0.44%

132 Warisnagar 281,864 0.42%

133 Samastipur 246,000 0.37%

134 Ujiarpur 265,157 0.40%

135 Morwa 238,503 0.36%



District


No Name Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

State

136 Sarairanjan 255,336 0.38%

137 Mohiuddinnagar 236,450 0.35%

138 Bibhutipur 240,950 0.36%

139 Rosera (SC) 295,360 0.44%

140 Hasanpur 260,936 0.39%

Begusarai

141 Cheria Bariarpur 231,304 0.35%

142 Bachhwara 271,490 0.41%

143 Teghra 268,546 0.40%

144 Matihani 303,862 0.45%

145 Sahebpur Kamal 233,557 0.35%

146 Begusarai 311,166 0.47%

147 Bakhri (SC) 246,975 0.37%

Khagaria

148 Alauli (SC) 227,729 0.34%

149 Khagaria 232,588 0.35%

150 Beldaur 281,964 0.42%

151 Parbatta 284,830 0.43%

Bhagalpur

152 Bihpur 244,949 0.37%

153 Gopalpur 256,882 0.38%

154 Pirpainti (SC) 306,856 0.46%

155 Kahalgaon 307,909 0.46%

156 Bhagalpur 316,109 0.47%

157 Sultanganj 308,325 0.46%

158 Nathnagar 300,049 0.45%



District


No Name Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

State

Banka

159 Amarpur 276,078 0.41%

160 Dhauraiya (SC) 268,706 0.40%

161 Banka 235,442 0.35%

162 Katoria (ST) 232,843 0.35%

163 Belhar 289,572 0.43%

Munger

164 Tarapur 287,962 0.43%

165 Munger 310,867 0.47%

166 Jamalpur 295,977 0.44%

Lakhisarai

167 Suryagarha 315,463 0.47%

168 Lakhisarai 342,397 0.51%

Sheikhpura

169 Sheikhpura 226,546 0.34%

170 Barbigha 203,259 0.30%

Nalanda

171 Asthawan 269,559 0.40%

172 Biharsharif 346,650 0.52%

173 Rajgir (SC) 273,780 0.41%

174 Islampur 269,440 0.40%

175 Hilsa 279,232 0.42%

176 Nalanda 282,811 0.42%

177 Harnaut 287,370 0.43%

Patna

178 Mokama 252,923 0.38%

179 Barh 259,308 0.39%

180 Bakhtiarpur 256,575 0.38%

181 Digha 427,826 0.64%



District


No Name Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

State

182 Bankipur 357,896 0.54%

183 Kumhrar 406,250 0.61%

184 Patna Sahib 339,307 0.51%

185 Fatuha 253,758 0.38%

186 Danapur 319,290 0.48%

187 Maner 299,069 0.45%

188 Phulwari (SC) 323,582 0.48%

189 Masaurhi (SC) 320,740 0.48%

190 Paliganj 260,942 0.39%

191 Bikram 290,822 0.44%

Bhojpur

192 Sandesh 264,119 0.40%

193 Barhara 284,347 0.43%

194 Arrah 301,310 0.45%

195 Agiaon (SC) 249,531 0.37%

196 Tarari 286,054 0.43%

197 Jagdishpur 284,173 0.43%

198 Shahpur 290,967 0.44%

Buxar

199 Brahampur 312,748 0.47%

200 Buxar 274,492 0.41%

201 Dumraon 292,754 0.44%

202 Rajpur (SC) 302,642 0.45%

Kaimur

(Bhabua)

203 Ramgarh 255,133 0.38%

204 Mohania (SC) 247,760 0.37%



District


No Name Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

State

205 Bhabua 245,681 0.37%

206 Chainpur 288,212 0.43%

Rohtas

207 Chenari (SC) 276,556 0.41%

208 Sasaram 325,480 0.49%

209 Kargahar 296,440 0.44%

210 Dinara 272,725 0.41%

211 Nokha 267,834 0.40%

212 Dehri 271,965 0.41%

213 Karakat 293,420 0.44%

Arwal 214 Arwal 245,034 0.37%

215 Kurtha 231,107 0.35%

Jahanabad

216 Jehanabad 270,808 0.41%

217 Ghosi 243,194 0.36%

218 Makhdumpur (SC) 221,309 0.33%

Aurangabad

219 Goh 282,657 0.42%

220 Obra 290,886 0.44%

221 Nabinagar 252,629 0.38%

222 Kutumba (SC) 242,990 0.36%

223 Aurangabad 287,591 0.43%

224 Rafiganj 303,324 0.45%

Gaya

225 Gurua 259,328 0.39%

226 Sherghati 247,117 0.37%

227 Imamganj (SC) 266,043 0.40%



District


No Name Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

State

228 Barachatti (SC) 277,202 0.41%

229 Bodh Gaya (SC) 288,530 0.43%

230 Gaya Town 247,357 0.37%

231 Tikari 280,093 0.42%

232 Belaganj 249,087 0.37%

233 Atri 280,859 0.42%

234 Wazirganj 278,353 0.42%

Nawada

235 Rajauli (SC) 302,570 0.45%

236 Hisua 341,851 0.51%

237 Nawada 320,012 0.48%

238 Gobindpur 289,206 0.43%

239 Warsaliganj 323,278 0.48%

Jamui

240 Sikandra (SC) 278,121 0.42%

241 Jamui 278,056 0.42%

242 Jhajha 302,617 0.45%

243 Chakai 266,079 0.40%




Chapter 4

Gender Composition of Electors

The gender ratio for the 6.68 crore Bihar electorate of the 2015 Elections is 875, as against

the gender ratio of 918 for the population (as per Census 2011). The district with the highest

gender ratio is Saharsa with 922 women per 1000 men, while Bhojpur has the lowest gender

ratio at 817. Eight out of the thirty states have a gender ratio of 900 or above, while four

states have a gender ratio of 850 or below. Three districts – Saharsa, Madhepura and

Bhagalpur – have a higher gender ratio among their electors than the gender ratio in the

population (as per Census 2011). Siwan and Saran report a difference of more than 100

between the gender ratio in the 2015 electorate and the 2011 population.

No District Number of Electors* Gender Ratio

Male Female Others Total Electors Population**

1 West

Champaran 1,230,670 1,043,059 101 2273830 848 909

2 East

Champaran 1,662,291 1,429,784 86 3092161 860 902

3 Sheohar 146,037 127,418 11 273466 873 893

4 Sitamarhi 1,148,895 1,013,219 59 2162173 882 899

5 Madhubani 1,529,476 1,374,091 107 2903674 898 926

6 Supaul 685,457 626,042 19 1311518 913 929

7 Araria 880,082 775,007 54 1655143 881 921

8 KishanGanj 518,693 467,069 25 985787 900 950

9 Purnia 1,010,140 913,726 67 1923933 905 921

10 Katihar 941,650 835,126 80 1776856 887 919

11 Madhepura 618,721 568,225 32 1186978 918 911

12 Saharsa 619,064 570,735 13 1189812 922 906

13 Darbhanga 1,362,222 1,196,405 41 2558668 878 911

14 Muzaffarpur 1,581,372 1,366,452 60 2947884 864 900





15 Gopalganj 895,471 824,837 44 1720352 921 1021

16 Siwan 1,185,601 1,037,776 51 2223428 875 988

17 Saran 1,473,852 1,255,020 63 2728935 852 954

18 Vaishali 1,227,767 1,041,656 80 2269503 848 895

19 Samastipur 1,398,974 1,214,577 43 2613594 868 911

20 Begusarai 998,625 868,212 63 1866900 869 895

21 Khagaria 546,971 480,115 25 1027111 878 886

22 Bhagalpur 1,084,780 956,223 76 2041079 881 880

23 Banka 695,708 606,904 29 1302641 872 907

24 Munger 487,632 407,127 47 894806 835 876

25 Lakhisarai 354,432 303,418 10 657860 856 902

26 Sheikhpura 228,837 200,949 19 429805 878 930

27 Nalanda 1,066,650 942,117 75 2008842 883 922

28 Patna 2,351,864 2,016,224 200 4368288 857 897

29 Bhojpur 1,079,177 881,161 163 1960501 817 907

30 Buxar 632,078 550,540 18 1182636 871 922

31 Kaimur

(Bhabua) 548,000 488,716 70 1036786 892 920

32 Rohtas 1,080,393 923,982 45 2004420 855 918

33 Arwal 254,567 221,555 19 476141 870 928

34 Jahanabad 388,066 347,231 14 735311 895 922

35 Aurangabad 897,738 762,276 63 1660077 849 926

36 Gaya 1,403,041 1,270,825 103 2673969 906 937

37 Nawada 827,718 749,121 78 1576917 905 939

38 Jamui 604,158 520,699 16 1124873 862 922

State of

Bihar 35,646,870 31,177,619 2,169 66,826,658 875 918





*Electoral data as per proposed Final Roll w.r.t. 01.01.2015 as the qualifying date (31.07.2015)

**Population data as per Census 2011



At the constituency level, Shahpur and Barhara of Bhojpur district have the lowest

gender ratio at 779 and 789 respectively, while Hathua and Gopalganj of Gopalga

district have the highest gender ratio at 947 and 953 respectively. 48 out of the 243

assembly constituencies have a gender ratio of 900 or above, while 45 constituencies

have a gender ratio of 850 or below.

District

Assembly

Constituency Number of Electors* Gende

r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total

West

Champaran

1 Valmiki Nagar 160,206 133,641 9 293,856 834

2 Ramnagar (SC) 138,224 122,941 7 261,172 889

3 Narkatiaganj 130,336 112,190 19 242,545 861

4 Bagaha 147,207 123,990 15 271,212 842

5 Lauriya 123,148 102,017 10 225,175 828



District

Assembly



6 Nautan 133,513 109,233 18 242,764 818

7 Chanpatia 133,402 111,882 13 245,297 839

8 Bettiah 134,199 114,112 0 248,311 850

9 Sikta 130,435 113,053 10 243,498 867

East

Champaran

10 Raxaul 139,618 118,039 12 257,669 845

11 Sugauli 139,957 118,578 8 258,543 847

12 Narkatia 137,996 118,323 6 256,325 857

13 Harsidhi (SC) 126,050 108,251 1 234,302 859

14 Govindganj 131,130 111,467 0 242,597 850

15 Kesaria 130,528 109,903 2 240,433 842

16 Kalyanpur 121,246 105,377 5 226,628 869

17 Pipra 159,508 139,288 11 298,807 873

18 Madhuban 124,646 109,011 13 233,670 875

19 Motihari 157,469 133,736 9 291,214 849

20 Chiraia 143,397 123,542 8 266,947 862

21 Dhaka 150,746 134,269 11 285,026 891

Sheohar 22 Sheohar 146,037 127,418 11 273,466 873

Sitamarhi

23 Riga 150,631 131,534 14 282,179 873

24 Bathnaha (SC) 145,122 130,872 11 276,005 902

25 Parihar 149,125 134,557 12 283,694 902

26 Sursand 151,135 135,146 4 286,285 894

27 Bajpatti 151,031 132,723 0 283,754 879

28 Sitamarhi 138,627 120,207 10 258,844 867

29 Runnisaidpur 137,355 118,845 7 256,207 865

30 Belsand 125,869 109,335 1 235,205 869



District

Assembly



Madhubani

31 Harlakhi 135,384 122,672 8 258,064 906

32 Benipatti 144,115 127,069 18 271,202 882

33 Khajauli 146,469 131,079 11 277,559 895

34 Babubarhi 149,262 132,392 16 281,670 887

35 Bisfi 156,569 145,259 8 301,836 928

36 Madhubani 169,936 149,970 14 319,920 883

37 Rajnagar (SC) 157,135 137,969 13 295,117 878

38 Jhanjharpur 153,226 137,154 6 290,386 895

39 Phulparas 157,742 143,286 7 301,035 908

40 Laukaha 159,638 147,241 6 306,885 922

Supaul

41 Nirmali 139,746 129,653 1 269,400 928

42 Pipra 134,904 124,902 0 259,806 926

43 Supaul 136,900 125,125 5 262,030 914

44 Triveniganj

(SC) 134,290 122,739 5 257,034 914

45 Chhatapur 139,617 123,623 8 263,248 885

Araria

46 Narpatganj 149,737 130,329 9 280,075 870

47 Raniganj (SC) 149,243 133,885 16 283,144 897

48 Forbesganj 159,067 140,203 7 299,277 881

49 Araria 147,605 129,472 7 277,084 877

50 Jokihat 138,194 119,349 10 257,553 864

51 Sikti 136,236 121,769 5 258,010 894

Kishanganj

52 Bahadurganj 136,258 119,320 7 255,585 876

53 Thakurganj 134,933 122,120 4 257,057 905

54 Kishanganj 132,633 123,995 10 256,638 935



District

Assembly



55 Kochadhaman 114,869 101,634 4 216,507 885

Purnia

56 Amour 148,911 130,057 10 278,978 873

57 Baisi 129,481 115,338 10 244,829 891

58 Kasba 136,161 125,629 12 261,802 923

59 Banmankhi

(SC) 146,079 133,777 6 279,862 916

60 Rupauli 151,051 138,122 14 289,187 914

61 Dhamdaha 149,052 138,094 7 287,153 926

62 Purnia 149,405 132,709 8 282,122 888

Katihar

63 Katihar 129,031 112,967 11 242,009 876

64 Kadwa 130,050 114,272 11 244,333 879

65 Balrampur 158,619 138,919 14 297,552 876

66 Pranpur 138,504 123,714 23 262,241 893

67 Manihari (ST) 131,629 115,566 10 247,205 878

68 Barari 126,119 110,363 7 236,489 875

69 Korha (SC) 127,698 119,325 4 247,027 934

Madhepura

70 Alamnagar 163,878 149,283 5 313,166 911

71 Bihariganj 147,182 136,744 8 283,934 929

72 Singheshwar

(SC) 148,980 136,731 9 285,720 918

73 Madhepura 158,681 145,467 10 304,158 917

Saharsa

74 Sonbarsha (SC) 146,106 135,849 4 281,959 930

75 Saharsa 174,482 158,310 5 332,797 907

76 Simri

Bakhtiarpur 158,666 144,891 2 303,559 913

77 Mahishi 139,810 131,685 2 271,497 942



District

Assembly



Darbhanga

78 Kusheshwar

Asthan (SC) 119,292 107,772 2 227,066 903

79 Gaura Bauram 121,140 107,879 0 229,019 891

80 Benipur 140,015 126,385 1 266,401 903

81 Alinagar 131,952 119,488 0 251,440 906

82 Darbhanga

Rural 140,976 122,311 0 263,287 868

83 Darbhanga 151,474 130,557 14 282,045 862

84 Hayaghat 116,241 103,396 7 219,644 889

85 Bahadurpur 143,968 124,114 4 268,086 862

86 Keoti 143,678 122,233 12 265,923 851

87 Jale 153,486 132,270 1 285,757 862

Muzaffarpur

88 Gaighat 151,990 133,390 3 285,383 878

89 Aurai 149,192 127,190 2 276,384 853

90 Minapur 133,396 116,293 9 249,698 872

91 Bochaha (SC) 134,142 118,262 3 252,407 882

92 Sakra (SC) 127,522 112,923 2 240,447 886

93 Kurhani 141,317 122,195 5 263,517 865

94 Muzaffarpur 159,872 136,253 9 296,134 852

95 Kanti 147,698 125,569 6 273,273 850

96 Baruraj 139,205 117,926 1 257,132 847

97 Paroo 147,040 128,991 5 276,036 877

98 Sahebganj 149,998 127,460 15 277,473 850

Gopalganj

99 Baikunthpur 147,487 133,352 5 280,844 904

100 Barauli 135,647 120,223 4 255,874 886

101 Gopalganj 152,337 145,166 6 297,509 953



District

Assembly



102 Kuchaikote 154,477 142,733 15 297,225 924

103 Bhorey (SC) 165,722 150,999 7 316,728 911

104 Hathua 139,801 132,364 7 272,172 947

Siwan

105 Siwan 151,688 128,873 3 280,564 850

106 Ziradei 137,302 115,888 4 253,194 844

107 Darauli (SC) 155,113 132,390 2 287,505 854

108 Raghunathpur 140,889 124,346 10 265,245 883

109 Daraundha 152,831 135,752 11 288,594 888

110 Barharia 147,006 125,443 6 272,455 853

111 Goriakothi 156,353 143,101 9 299,463 915

112 Maharajganj 144,419 131,983 6 276,408 914

Saran

113 Ekma 151,100 130,537 5 281,642 864

114 Manjhi 151,356 130,747 15 282,118 864

115 Baniapur 162,351 137,683 4 300,038 848

116 Taraiya 149,144 127,908 6 277,058 858

117 Marhaura 131,872 112,877 4 244,753 856

118 Chapra 166,051 137,988 4 304,043 831

119 Garkha (SC) 154,006 127,911 11 281,928 831

120 Amnour 130,473 111,658 9 242,140 856

121 Parsa 133,790 115,122 1 248,913 860

122 Sonepur 143,709 122,589 4 266,302 853

Vaishali

123 Hajipur 167,798 142,199 13 310,010 847

124 Lalganj 167,101 141,822 5 308,928 849

125 Vaishali 159,086 135,569 15 294,670 852

126 Mahua 142,659 121,917 10 264,586 855



District

Assembly



127 Raja Pakar (SC) 131,944 111,341 11 243,296 844

128 Raghopur 172,714 143,462 1 316,177 831

129 Mahnar 147,124 125,235 16 272,375 851

130 Patepur (SC) 139,341 120,111 9 259,461 862

Samastipur

131 Kalyanpur (SC) 157,017 136,018 3 293,038 866

132 Warisnagar 150,432 131,432 0 281,864 874

133 Samastipur 132,801 113,196 3 246,000 852

134 Ujiarpur 141,997 123,155 5 265,157 867

135 Morwa 127,849 110,645 9 238,503 865

136 Sarairanjan 136,434 118,901 1 255,336 871

137 Mohiuddinnag

ar 128,102 108,347 1 236,450 846

138 Bibhutipur 128,456 112,486 8 240,950 876

139 Rosera (SC) 157,329 138,026 5 295,360 877

140 Hasanpur 138,557 122,371 8 260,936 883

Begusarai

141 Cheria

Bariarpur 121,959 109,329 16 231,304 896

142 Bachhwara 145,314 126,171 5 271,490 868

143 Teghra 144,795 123,735 16 268,546 855

144 Matihani 163,767 140,095 0 303,862 855

145 Sahebpur

Kamal 125,323 108,226 8 233,557 864

146 Begusarai 167,327 143,830 9 311,166 860

147 Bakhri (SC) 130,140 116,826 9 246,975 898

Khagaria 148 Alauli (SC) 119,987 107,736 6 227,729 898

149 Khagaria 124,895 107,687 6 232,588 862



District

Assembly



150 Beldaur 149,780 132,174 10 281,964 882

151 Parbatta 152,309 132,518 3 284,830 870

Bhagalpur

152 Bihpur 129,548 115,396 5 244,949 891

153 Gopalpur 135,643 121,228 11 256,882 894

154 Pirpainti (SC) 163,736 143,114 6 306,856 874

155 Kahalgaon 162,213 145,694 2 307,909 898

156 Bhagalpur 169,730 146,360 19 316,109 862

157 Sultanganj 164,118 144,185 22 308,325 879

158 Nathnagar 159,792 140,246 11 300,049 878

Banka

159 Amarpur 149,112 126,956 10 276,078 851

160 Dhauraiya (SC) 143,622 125,078 6 268,706 871

161 Banka 124,541 110,896 5 235,442 890

162 Katoria (ST) 124,113 108,727 3 232,843 876

163 Belhar 154,320 135,247 5 289,572 876

Munger

164 Tarapur 155,259 132,694 9 287,962 855

165 Munger 169,440 141,400 27 310,867 835

166 Jamalpur 162,933 133,033 11 295,977 816

Lakhisarai

167 Suryagarha 170,590 144,871 2 315,463 849

168 Lakhisarai 183,842 158,547 8 342,397 862

Sheikhpura

169 Sheikhpura 120,562 105,975 9 226,546 879

170 Barbigha 108,275 94,974 10 203,259 877

Nalanda

171 Asthawan 144,451 125,101 7 269,559 866

172 Biharsharif 184,926 161,699 25 346,650 874

173 Rajgir (SC) 143,173 130,600 7 273,780 912

174 Islampur 143,899 125,532 9 269,440 872



District

Assembly



175 Hilsa 147,631 131,594 7 279,232 891

176 Nalanda 150,112 132,689 10 282,811 884

177 Harnaut 152,458 134,902 10 287,370 885

Patna

178 Mokama 136,729 116,193 1 252,923 850

179 Barh 141,128 118,180 0 259,308 837

180 Bakhtiarpur 138,161 118,408 6 256,575 857

181 Digha 228,967 198,838 21 427,826 868

182 Bankipur 193,112 164,758 26 357,896 853

183 Kumhrar 221,769 184,443 38 406,250 832

184 Patna Sahib 182,957 156,334 16 339,307 854

185 Fatuha 136,544 117,209 5 253,758 858

186 Danapur 174,209 145,066 15 319,290 833

187 Maner 160,762 138,300 7 299,069 860

188 Phulwari (SC) 174,889 148,679 14 323,582 850

189 Masaurhi (SC) 168,794 151,916 30 320,740 900

190 Paliganj 139,416 121,514 12 260,942 872

191 Bikram 154,427 136,386 9 290,822 883

Bhojpur

192 Sandesh 144,220 119,813 86 264,119 831

193 Barhara 158,951 125,389 7 284,347 789

194 Arrah 165,479 135,809 22 301,310 821

195 Agiaon (SC) 136,384 113,141 6 249,531 830

196 Tarari 155,830 130,210 14 286,054 836

197 Jagdishpur 154,739 129,416 18 284,173 836

198 Shahpur 163,574 127,383 10 290,967 779

Buxar 199 Brahampur 168,417 144,328 3 312,748 857



District

Assembly



200 Buxar 146,270 128,216 6 274,492 877

201 Dumraon 157,466 135,280 8 292,754 859

202 Rajpur (SC) 159,925 142,716 1 302,642 892

Kaimur

(Bhabua)

203 Ramgarh 135,117 119,988 28 255,133 888

204 Mohania (SC) 131,655 116,085 20 247,760 882

205 Bhabua 129,443 116,225 13 245,681 898

206 Chainpur 151,785 136,418 9 288,212 899

Rohtas

207 Chenari (SC) 150,133 126,420 3 276,556 842

208 Sasaram 175,150 150,328 2 325,480 858

209 Kargahar 158,931 137,498 11 296,440 865

210 Dinara 146,630 126,089 6 272,725 860

211 Nokha 144,306 123,520 8 267,834 856

212 Dehri 147,170 124,790 5 271,965 848

213 Karakat 158,073 135,337 10 293,420 856

Arwal 214 Arwal 131,222 113,801 11 245,034 867

215 Kurtha 123,345 107,754 8 231,107 874

Jahanabad

216 Jehanabad 143,589 127,216 3 270,808 886

217 Ghosi 127,147 116,039 8 243,194 913

218 Makhdumpur

(SC) 117,330 103,976 3 221,309 886

Aurangabad

219 Goh 150,440 132,205 12 282,657 879

220 Obra 156,399 134,477 10 290,886 860

221 Nabinagar 138,372 114,246 11 252,629 826

222 Kutumba (SC) 133,204 109,782 4 242,990 824

223 Aurangabad 155,305 132,277 9 287,591 852



District

Assembly



224 Rafiganj 164,018 139,289 17 303,324 849

Gaya

225 Gurua 138,191 121,128 9 259,328 877

226 Sherghati 128,954 118,149 14 247,117 916

227 Imamganj (SC) 140,079 125,955 9 266,043 899

228 Barachatti (SC) 143,472 133,710 20 277,202 932

229 Bodh Gaya (SC) 150,030 138,498 2 288,530 923

230 Gaya Town 130,515 116,821 21 247,357 895

231 Tikari 147,333 132,754 6 280,093 901

232 Belaganj 131,719 117,360 8 249,087 891

233 Atri 146,671 134,183 5 280,859 915

234 Wazirganj 146,077 132,267 9 278,353 905

Nawada

235 Rajauli (SC) 158,405 144,143 22 302,570 910

236 Hisua 179,515 162,321 15 341,851 904

237 Nawada 167,280 152,721 11 320,012 913

238 Gobindpur 152,965 136,228 13 289,206 891

239 Warsaliganj 169,553 153,708 17 323,278 907

Jamui

240 Sikandra (SC) 149,105 129,015 1 278,121 865

241 Jamui 150,293 127,756 7 278,056 850

242 Jhajha 161,961 140,655 1 302,617 868

243 Chakai 142,799 123,273 7 266,079 863

Stat

e of

Biha

r

35,646,870 31,177,61

9 2,169

66,826,

658 875 918

*Electoral data as per proposed Final Roll w.r.t. 01.01.2015 as the qualifying date (31.07.2015)



Chapter 5

A Snapshot of Newly Eligible Electors

Out of the 6.68 crore electors for the Bihar General Elections of 2015, the number of

newly eligible electors is 24,13,024, or 3.61%.

Out of the 38 districts of Bihar, Patna at 1.42 lakh electors has the highest number of

newly eligible electors, followed by Madhubani, at 1.25 lakh electors. Sheohar has the

smallest number of newly eligible electors, at 10,271, followed by Arwal at 16,494.

Further, Madhepura has the highest proportion of electors in the age group 18 – 19;

4.93% of the electors of the district belong to this age group. This is followed by Bhojpur,

at 4.77%. Siwan has the lowest proportion of newly eligible electors, at 2.63%, followed

by Vaishali at 2.86%.

Sl. No District

Newly Eligible Electors* (18 – 19 years of Age)

Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

District

As % of

Total

Newly

Eligible

Electors in

State

1 West Champaran 69,966 3.08% 2.90%

2 East Champaran 1,15,809 3.75% 4.80%

3 Sheohar 10,271 3.76% 0.43%

4 Sitamarhi 74,424 3.44% 3.08%

5 Madhubani 1,24,825 4.30% 5.17%

6 Supaul 48,833 3.72% 2.02%

7 Araria 57,627 3.48% 2.39%



Sl. No District


Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

District

As % of

Total

Newly

Eligible

Electors in

State

8 KishanGanj 32,757 3.32% 1.36%

9 Purnia 74,317 3.86% 3.08%

10 Katihar 66,450 3.74% 2.75%

11 Madhepura 58,519 4.93% 2.43%

12 Saharsa 39,644 3.33% 1.64%

13 Darbhanga 96,345 3.77% 3.99%

14 Muzaffarpur 90,671 3.08% 3.76%

15 Gopalganj 51,778 3.01% 2.15%

16 Siwan 58,382 2.63% 2.42%

17 Saran 92,717 3.40% 3.84%

18 Vaishali 64,888 2.86% 2.69%

19 Samastipur 95,322 3.65% 3.95%

20 Begusarai 73,977 3.96% 3.07%

21 Khagaria 45,876 4.47% 1.90%

22 Bhagalpur 68,335 3.35% 2.83%

23 Banka 44,858 3.44% 1.86%

24 Munger 26,602 2.97% 1.10%

25 Lakhisarai 25,608 3.89% 1.06%

26 Sheikhpura 17,383 4.04% 0.72%

27 Nalanda 62,199 3.10% 2.58%

28 Patna 1,42,182 3.25% 5.89%

29 Bhojpur 93,497 4.77% 3.87%

30 Buxar 51,705 4.37% 2.14%



Sl. No District


Number of

Electors

As % of Total

Electors in

District

As % of

Total

Newly

Eligible

Electors in

State

31 Kaimur (Bhabua) 43,737 4.22% 1.81%

32 Rohtas 72,606 3.62% 3.01%

33 Arwal 16,964 3.56% 0.70%

34 Jahanabad 26,688 3.63% 1.11%

35 Aurangabad 59,343 3.57% 2.46%

36 Gaya 1,08,859 4.07% 4.51%

37 Nawada 64,759 4.11% 2.68%

38 Jamui 44,301 3.94% 1.84%

State of Bihar 24,13,024 3.61%* 1

*Electoral data as per proposed Final Roll w.r.t. 01.01.2015 as the qualifying date

(31.07.2015)

**As % of Total Electors in State





Chapter 6

Elector - Population Ratio

The 6.68 crore Bihar electorate of the 2015 Elections constitute 59% of the population

of the state. The district with the highest elector population ratio is Patna with 68% of

the population are electors, while Katihar has the lowest ratio at 0.53.



No District Elector* – Population** Ratio

Male Female Total

1 Patna 0.70 0.67 0.68

2 Bhojpur 0.68 0.62 0.65

3 Nawada 0.65 0.63 0.64

4 Nalanda 0.64 0.62 0.63

5 Buxar 0.64 0.61 0.63

6 Saran 0.66 0.59 0.62

7 Bhagalpur 0.61 0.61 0.61

8 Arwal 0.63 0.59 0.61

9 Sheikhpura 0.63 0.59 0.61

10 Rohtas 0.63 0.59 0.61

11 Siwan 0.64 0.57 0.61

12 Gopalganj 0.63 0.58 0.60

13 Aurangabad 0.62 0.58 0.60

14 Lakhisarai 0.61 0.58 0.60

15 Vaishali 0.61 0.58 0.59

16 Munger 0.61 0.58 0.59

17 Jahanabad 0.60 0.58 0.59

18 Madhubani 0.60 0.58 0.59

19 Darbhanga 0.60 0.58 0.59

20 Banka 0.59 0.57 0.58

21 Jamui 0.60 0.56 0.58

22 Kaimur (Bhabua) 0.59 0.57 0.58

23 Begusarai 0.58 0.57 0.58

24 Saharsa 0.57 0.58 0.57

25 Khagaria 0.57 0.57 0.57

26 Muzaffarpur 0.57 0.55 0.56

27 Samastipur 0.57 0.55 0.56



28 East Champaran 0.57 0.54 0.56

29 Gaya 0.56 0.55 0.56

30 Madhepura 0.54 0.55 0.55

31 Sitamarhi 0.55 0.54 0.55

32 Sheohar 0.55 0.54 0.54

33 Araria 0.55 0.53 0.54

34 Supaul 0.54 0.54 0.54

35 Purnia 0.54 0.53 0.54

36 Kishanganj 0.55 0.52 0.54

37 West Champaran 0.55 0.51 0.53

38 Katihar 0.54 0.52 0.53

State of Bihar 0.60 0.57 0.59


(31.07.2015)

**Population data is Projected Population (2015)



At the constituency level, Digha and Kumhrarof Patna district have the highest

elector – population ratio at 0.86 and 0.85 respectively, while Barari of Katihar

district and Lauriyaof West Champarandistrict have the lowest, at 0.49 and 0.51

respectively.

District

Assembly

Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio

No Name Male Female Total

West

Champaran

1 Valmiki Nagar 0.57 0.52 0.55

2 Ramnagar (SC) 0.53 0.52 0.53

3 Narkatiaganj 0.56 0.53 0.55

4 Bagaha 0.55 0.51 0.53

5 Lauriya 0.53 0.49 0.51

6 Nautan 0.54 0.49 0.51

7 Chanpatia 0.54 0.50 0.52

8 Bettiah 0.55 0.52 0.53

9 Sikta 0.56 0.53 0.55



District

Assembly



East

Champaran

10 Raxaul 0.57 0.54 0.55

11 Sugauli 0.57 0.53 0.55

12 Narkatia 0.54 0.52 0.53

13 Harsidhi (SC) 0.55 0.52 0.54

14 Govindganj 0.59 0.56 0.58

15 Kesaria 0.60 0.56 0.58

16 Kalyanpur 0.56 0.54 0.55

17 Pipra 0.56 0.55 0.56

18 Madhuban 0.58 0.56 0.57

19 Motihari 0.61 0.57 0.59

20 Chiraia 0.57 0.55 0.56

21 Dhaka 0.53 0.53 0.53

Sheohar 22 Sheohar 0.55 0.54 0.54

Sitamarhi

23 Riga 0.57 0.55 0.56

24 Bathnaha (SC) 0.54 0.54 0.54

25 Parihar 0.56 0.57 0.57

26 Sursand 0.56 0.56 0.56

27 Bajpatti 0.54 0.53 0.53

28 Sitamarhi 0.55 0.54 0.55

29 Runnisaidpur 0.55 0.53 0.54

30 Belsand 0.53 0.51 0.52

Madhubani

31 Harlakhi 0.58 0.57 0.58

32 Benipatti 0.63 0.60 0.61

33 Khajauli 0.59 0.57 0.58

34 Babubarhi 0.57 0.55 0.56



District

Assembly



35 Bisfi 0.59 0.59 0.59

36 Madhubani 0.64 0.61 0.63

37 Rajnagar (SC) 0.63 0.60 0.62

38 Jhanjharpur 0.60 0.58 0.59

39 Phulparas 0.58 0.57 0.57

40 Laukaha 0.57 0.57 0.57

Supaul

41 Nirmali 0.56 0.57 0.56

42 Pipra 0.53 0.53 0.53

43 Supaul 0.54 0.53 0.53

44 Triveniganj (SC) 0.56 0.55 0.56

45 Chhatapur 0.52 0.50 0.51

Araria

46 Narpatganj 0.53 0.50 0.52

47 Raniganj (SC) 0.54 0.53 0.54

48 Forbesganj 0.58 0.55 0.56

49 Araria 0.56 0.54 0.55

50 Jokihat 0.55 0.52 0.53

51 Sikti 0.55 0.54 0.54

Kishanganj

52 Bahadurganj 0.53 0.50 0.52

53 Thakurganj 0.54 0.52 0.53

54 Kishanganj 0.57 0.56 0.56

55 Kochadhaman 0.55 0.51 0.53

Purnia

56 Amour 0.55 0.52 0.54

57 Baisi 0.52 0.50 0.51

58 Kasba 0.55 0.54 0.54

59 Banmankhi (SC) 0.54 0.54 0.54



District

Assembly



60 Rupauli 0.53 0.52 0.52

61 Dhamdaha 0.54 0.54 0.54

62 Purnia 0.59 0.56 0.57

Katihar

63 Katihar 0.57 0.55 0.56

64 Kadwa 0.55 0.53 0.54

65 Balrampur 0.56 0.54 0.55

66 Pranpur 0.53 0.51 0.52

67 Manihari (ST) 0.52 0.50 0.51

68 Barari 0.50 0.48 0.49

69 Korha (SC) 0.52 0.54 0.53

Madhepura

70 Alamnagar 0.55 0.55 0.55

71 Bihariganj 0.53 0.54 0.54

72 Singheshwar (SC) 0.54 0.54 0.54

73 Madhepura 0.56 0.56 0.56

Saharsa

74 Sonbarsha (SC) 0.58 0.60 0.59

75 Saharsa 0.61 0.62 0.61

76 SimriBakhtiarpur 0.56 0.57 0.56

77 Mahishi 0.51 0.53 0.52

Darbhanga

78 KusheshwarAsthan

(SC) 0.57 0.57 0.57

79 GauraBauram 0.57 0.56 0.56

80 Benipur 0.61 0.61 0.61

81 Alinagar 0.60 0.59 0.60

82 Darbhanga Rural 0.60 0.57 0.59

83 Darbhanga 0.63 0.60 0.62



District

Assembly



84 Hayaghat 0.57 0.56 0.57

85 Bahadurpur 0.59 0.56 0.57

86 Keoti 0.58 0.54 0.56

87 Jale 0.63 0.60 0.62

Muzaffarpur

88 Gaighat 0.56 0.55 0.56

89 Aurai 0.55 0.52 0.54

90 Minapur 0.56 0.55 0.55

91 Bochaha (SC) 0.56 0.55 0.56

92 Sakra (SC) 0.55 0.54 0.54

93 Kurhani 0.56 0.54 0.55

94 Muzaffarpur 0.61 0.58 0.60

95 Kanti 0.59 0.56 0.58

96 Baruraj 0.59 0.56 0.57

97 Paroo 0.58 0.57 0.57

98 Sahebganj 0.59 0.56 0.57

Gopalganj

99 Baikunthpur 0.66 0.59 0.62

100 Barauli 0.61 0.54 0.57

101 Gopalganj 0.62 0.59 0.61

102 Kuchaikote 0.65 0.59 0.62

103 Bhorey (SC) 0.66 0.60 0.63

104 Hathua 0.59 0.55 0.57

Siwan

105 Siwan 0.66 0.57 0.61

106 Ziradei 0.66 0.57 0.61

107 Darauli (SC) 0.66 0.57 0.62

108 Raghunathpur 0.63 0.57 0.60



District

Assembly



109 Daraundha 0.65 0.58 0.62

110 Barharia 0.61 0.53 0.57

111 Goriakothi 0.62 0.58 0.60

112 Maharajganj 0.64 0.60 0.62

Saran

113 Ekma 0.69 0.63 0.66

114 Manjhi 0.67 0.61 0.64

115 Baniapur 0.68 0.61 0.64

116 Taraiya 0.63 0.58 0.61

117 Marhaura 0.61 0.56 0.59

118 Chapra 0.71 0.62 0.66

119 Garkha (SC) 0.65 0.57 0.61

120 Amnour 0.63 0.57 0.60

121 Parsa 0.65 0.59 0.62

122 Sonepur 0.63 0.57 0.60

Vaishali

123 Hajipur 0.65 0.61 0.63

124 Lalganj 0.61 0.59 0.60

125 Vaishali 0.60 0.58 0.59

126 Mahua 0.60 0.58 0.59

127 Raja Pakar (SC) 0.60 0.57 0.58

128 Raghopur 0.59 0.55 0.57

129 Mahnar 0.63 0.60 0.61

130 Patepur (SC) 0.59 0.57 0.58

Samastipur

131 Kalyanpur (SC) 0.59 0.56 0.57

132 Warisnagar 0.57 0.55 0.56

133 Samastipur 0.56 0.53 0.54



District

Assembly



134 Ujiarpur 0.54 0.52 0.53

135 Morwa 0.57 0.55 0.56

136 Sarairanjan 0.58 0.56 0.57

137 Mohiuddinnagar 0.59 0.55 0.57

138 Bibhutipur 0.56 0.54 0.55

139 Rosera (SC) 0.58 0.56 0.57

140 Hasanpur 0.56 0.55 0.55

Begusarai

141 CheriaBariarpur 0.55 0.56 0.56

142 Bachhwara 0.57 0.55 0.56

143 Teghra 0.57 0.55 0.56

144 Matihani 0.59 0.56 0.57

145 Sahebpur Kamal 0.57 0.55 0.56

146 Begusarai 0.64 0.62 0.63

147 Bakhri (SC) 0.58 0.58 0.58

Khagaria

148 Alauli (SC) 0.55 0.56 0.55

149 Khagaria 0.57 0.56 0.57

150 Beldaur 0.57 0.57 0.57

151 Parbatta 0.58 0.58 0.58

Bhagalpur

152 Bihpur 0.63 0.64 0.63

153 Gopalpur 0.60 0.61 0.60

154 Pirpainti (SC) 0.57 0.57 0.57

155 Kahalgaon 0.57 0.59 0.58

156 Bhagalpur 0.68 0.67 0.67

157 Sultanganj 0.63 0.63 0.63

158 Nathnagar 0.60 0.60 0.60



District

Assembly



Banka

159 Amarpur 0.63 0.59 0.61

160 Dhauraiya (SC) 0.57 0.55 0.56

161 Banka 0.59 0.58 0.58

162 Katoria (ST) 0.58 0.56 0.57

163 Belhar 0.61 0.59 0.60

Munger

164 Tarapur 0.60 0.58 0.59

165 Munger 0.61 0.58 0.60

166 Jamalpur 0.60 0.56 0.58

Lakhisarai

167 Suryagarha 0.63 0.60 0.62

168 Lakhisarai 0.59 0.57 0.58

Sheikhpura

169 Sheikhpura 0.64 0.61 0.62

170 Barbigha 0.61 0.58 0.60

Nalanda

171 Asthawan 0.65 0.61 0.63

172 Biharsharif 0.73 0.70 0.72

173 Rajgir (SC) 0.62 0.61 0.61

174 Islampur 0.61 0.58 0.59

175 Hilsa 0.63 0.61 0.62

176 Nalanda 0.61 0.59 0.60

177 Harnaut 0.64 0.61 0.62

Patna

178 Mokama 0.60 0.57 0.59

179 Barh 0.64 0.60 0.62

180 Bakhtiarpur 0.62 0.59 0.61

181 Digha 0.87 0.85 0.86

182 Bankipur 0.79 0.75 0.77

183 Kumhrar 0.87 0.82 0.85



District

Assembly



184 Patna Sahib 0.68 0.65 0.67

185 Fatuha 0.66 0.64 0.65

186 Danapur 0.75 0.70 0.72

187 Maner 0.61 0.59 0.60

188 Phulwari (SC) 0.79 0.76 0.78

189 Masaurhi (SC) 0.62 0.63 0.63

190 Paliganj 0.62 0.60 0.61

191 Bikram 0.61 0.60 0.60

Bhojpur

192 Sandesh 0.64 0.59 0.62

193 Barhara 0.68 0.60 0.65

194 Arrah 0.76 0.69 0.73

195 Agiaon (SC) 0.66 0.61 0.63

196 Tarari 0.66 0.62 0.64

197 Jagdishpur 0.65 0.60 0.63

198 Shahpur 0.71 0.62 0.67

Buxar

199 Brahampur 0.63 0.59 0.61

200 Buxar 0.67 0.64 0.65

201 Dumraon 0.64 0.59 0.62

202 Rajpur (SC) 0.63 0.61 0.62

Kaimur

(Bhabua)

203 Ramgarh 0.60 0.58 0.59

204 Mohania (SC) 0.60 0.58 0.59

205 Bhabua 0.57 0.56 0.57

206 Chainpur 0.59 0.58 0.58

Rohtas

207 Chenari (SC) 0.59 0.55 0.57

208 Sasaram 0.65 0.61 0.63



District

Assembly



209 Kargahar 0.66 0.62 0.64

210 Dinara 0.63 0.59 0.61

211 Nokha 0.63 0.59 0.61

212 Dehri 0.63 0.59 0.61

213 Karakat 0.61 0.58 0.60

Arwal 214 Arwal 0.64 0.60 0.62

215 Kurtha 0.62 0.59 0.60

Jahanabad

216 Jehanabad 0.62 0.60 0.61

217 Ghosi 0.59 0.59 0.59

218 Makhdumpur (SC) 0.58 0.56 0.57

Aurangabad

219 Goh 0.59 0.57 0.58

220 Obra 0.63 0.59 0.61

221 Nabinagar 0.61 0.55 0.59

222 Kutumba (SC) 0.60 0.54 0.57

223 Aurangabad 0.66 0.62 0.64

224 Rafiganj 0.63 0.58 0.61

Gaya

225 Gurua 0.57 0.54 0.55

226 Sherghati 0.56 0.55 0.56

227 Imamganj (SC) 0.55 0.54 0.54

228 Barachatti (SC) 0.55 0.55 0.55

229 Bodh Gaya (SC) 0.56 0.55 0.56

230 Gaya Town 0.56 0.54 0.55

231 Tikari 0.56 0.55 0.55

232 Belaganj 0.59 0.57 0.58

233 Atri 0.56 0.55 0.56



District

Assembly



234 Wazirganj 0.57 0.55 0.56

Nawada

235 Rajauli (SC) 0.62 0.60 0.61

236 Hisua 0.67 0.65 0.66

237 Nawada 0.67 0.66 0.67

238 Gobindpur 0.65 0.62 0.64

239 Warsaliganj 0.65 0.64 0.65

Jamui

240 Sikandra (SC) 0.62 0.59 0.61

241 Jamui 0.62 0.58 0.60

242 Jhajha 0.60 0.57 0.58

243 Chakai 0.56 0.53 0.54

State of Bihar 0.60 0.57 0.59


(31.07.2015)

**Population data is Projected Population (2015)



Chapter 7

Top and Bottom Districts and Constituencies by Electorate Size

Out of a total of 6.68 crore electors for the Bihar General Elections of 2015, it is notable

that every single registered elector of the 66,826,658 electors has an EPIC card. The EPIC

coverage for the Bihar Assembly Elections of 2015 is thus a perfect 100%.

Out of the 38 districts of Bihar, Patna at 43.7 lakh electors has the highest number of

electors, forming 6.54% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by East

Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Madhubani and Saran (4.08%).

At the other end, Sheohar at 2.73 lakh electors has the lowest number of electors,

comprising 0.41% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by Sheikhpura,

Arwal, Lakhisarai and Jahanabad (1.10%).

The top 5 districts together constitute 24% of the total electorate, while the bottom 5

form 3.85% of the total electorate of the state.

TABLE 1: TOP 5 DISTRICTS BY ELECTORATE SIZE

Sl. No District

Electors


Electors in State

1 Patna 4,368,288 6.54%

2 East Champaran 3,092,161 4.63%

3 Muzaffarpur 2,947,884 4.41%

4 Madhubani 2,903,674 4.35%

5 Saran 2,728,935 4.08%

Top 5 Districts 16,040,942 24.00%




TABLE 2: BOTTOM 5 DISTRICTS BY ELECTORATE SIZE

Sl. No District

Electors


Electors in State

1 Sheohar 273,466 0.41%

2 Sheikhpura 429,805 0.64%

3 Arwal 476,141 0.71%

4 Lakhisarai 657,860 0.98%

5 Jahanabad 735,311 1.10%

Bottom 5 Districts 2,572,583 3.85%


At the constituency level, Digha of Patna district has the largest number of electors at

4.28 lakh electors, comprising 0.64% of the total electorate of the state, while Barbigha

of Sheikhpura district has the smallest number of electors at 2.03 lakh electors, forming

0.30% of the total electorate of the state.

The top 5 constituencies together constitute 2.81% of the total electorate, while the

bottom 5 form 1.62% of the total electorate of the state.

TABLE 3: TOP 5 CONSTITUENCIES BY ELECTORATE SIZE

Sl. No


Name District Number of

Electors

As % of

Total

Electors in

State

1 Digha Patna 427,826 0.64%



Sl. No



Electors

As % of

Total

Electors in

State

2 Kumhrar Patna 406,250 0.61%

3 Bankipur Patna 357,896 0.54%

4 Biharsharif Nalanda 346,650 0.52%

5 Lakhisarai Lakhisarai 342,397 0.51%

Top 5 Constituencies 1,881,019 2.81%


TABLE 4: BOTTOM 5 CONSTITUENCIES BY ELECTORATE SIZE

Sl. No



Electors

As % of

Total

Electors in

State

1 Barbigha Sheikhpura 203,259 0.30%

2 Kochadhaman Kishan- 216,507 0.32%

3 Hayaghat Darbhanga 219,644 0.33%

4 Makhdumpur

(SC) Jahanabad

221,309 0.33%

5 Lauriya West Champaran 225,175 0.34%

Bottom 5 Constituencies 1,085,894 1.62%




Chapter 8

LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES in Bihar Assembly Election 2010

PARTY TYPE ABBREVIATION PARTY

NATIONAL PARTIES

STATE PARTIES

7 . JD(U) Janata Dal (United)

8 . LJP Lok Jan Shakti Party

9 . RJD Rashtriya Janata Dal

STATE PARTIES - OTHER STATES

10 . AIFB All India Forward Bloc

11 . JD(S) Janata Dal (Secular)

12 . JKNPP Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party

13 . JMM Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

14 . JVM Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

15 . MUL Muslim League Kerala State Committee

16 . RSP Revolutionary Socialist Party

1 . BJP Bharatiya Janata Party

2 . BSP Bahujan Samaj Party

3 . CPI Communist Party of India

4 . CPM Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5 . INC Indian National Congress

6 . NCP Nationalist Congress Party



17 . SHS Shivsena

18 . SP

Samajwadi Party

REGISTERED(Unrecognised) PARTIES

19 . ABAPSMP AKHIL BHARTIYA ATYANT PICHARA SANGHARSH MORCHA PARTY

20 . ABAS Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena

21 . ABDBM Akhil Bharatiya Desh Bhakt Morcha

22 . ABHKP Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party

23 . ABHM Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

24 . ABJS Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

25 . ABSP Akhand Bharat Samaj Party

26 . AD Apna Dal

27 . AIBJRBSNC All India Babu Jagjivan Ram Saheb National Congress

28 . AIFB(S) All India Forward Bloc (Subhasist)

29 . AJSP Alpjan Samaj Party

30 . AKBMP Akhil Bharitya Mithila Party

31 . ANC Ambedkar National Congress

32 . AP Awami Party



ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS - INDIA (Bihar ), 2010 LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES


REGISTERED(Unrecognised) PARTIES 33 . BED Bharatiya Ekta Dal

34 . BEP(R)

Bahujan Ekta Party ( R )

35 . BHAJP Bharatiya Jagaran Party

36 . BIP Bharatiya Inqalab Party

37 . BJJD Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

38 . BJKD Bharatiya Jan Kranti Dal (Democratic)

39 . BJKVP Bajjikanchal Vikas Party

40 . BMF Bharatiya Momin Front

41 . BMP Bharat Mangalam Parishad

42 . BSA Bahujan Shakty

43 . BSP(K) Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)

44 . BVM Bharat Vikas Morcha

45 . CPI(ML)(L) Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

46 . GGP

Gondvana Gantantra Party

47 . GVIP Garib Vikas Party

48 . HND Hindusthan Nirman Dal

49 . IJK

Indiya Jananayaka Katchi

50 . IJP Indian Justice Party

51 . INGP Indian National Green Party

52 . JDP Jharkhand Disom Party

53 . JHD Janhit Dal



54 . JKM Jawan Kisan Morcha

55 . JMBP Jai Maha Bharath Party

56 . JPS Janvadi Party(Socialist)

57 . KSVP Krantikari Samyavadi Party

58 . LD Lok Dal

59 . LKSE Loksena

60 . LM Lal Morcha

61 . LPSP Lokpriya Samaj Party

62 . LS Lok Shakti

63 . LSSP Loktantrik Sarvjan Samaj Party

64 . LTSD Loktantrik Samata Dal

65 . MCPI(S) Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)

66 . PBI Proutist Bolc, India

67 . PMSP Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party

68 . PSS Proutist Sarva Samaj

69 . RASED Rashtra Sewa Dal

70 . RJJM Rashtriya Jan-Jagram Morcha

71 . RKJP Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party

72 . RPI(A) Republican Party of India (A)


ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS - INDIA (Bihar ), 2010 LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES


REGISTERED (Unrecognised) PARTIES

73 . RPP Rashtriya Pragati Party

74 . RSMD Rashtriya Samanta Dal

75 . RSP(S) Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (Secular)

76 . RSWD Rashtra Sewa Dal

77 . RVNP Rashtravadi Janata Party

78 . RWS Rashtrawadi Sena

79 . SAP Samata Party

80 . SBSP Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

81 . SHD Sarvhara Dal

82 . SHSP Shoshit Samaj Party

83 . SJP(R) Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

84 . SLP(L) Socialist Party (Lohia)

85 . SMBHP Smast Bhartiya Party

86 . SOJP SOCIALIST JANTA


PARTY

87 . SSD Shoshit Samaj Dal

88 . SUCI SOCIALIST UNITY CENTRE OF INDIA (COMMUNIST)

89 . SWJP Samajwadi Jan Parishad

90 . VIP VANCHITSAMAJ INSAAF PARTY

INDEPENDENTS 91 . IND Independent


Chapter 9

Representation of Political Parties in Current (15th) State Assembly as on the date of Constitution and strength of each party as on 30.6.2015

Sl. No. Party Name Contestants / Seats contested

Strength at the time of Constitution / Seats won

Strength as on 30.6.2015

1) Janata Dal (United) 141 115 111

2) Bharatiya Janata Party 102 91 85

3) Rashtriya Janata Dal 168 22 24

4) Lok Janshakti Party 75 3

5) Indian National Congress 243 4 05

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress


6) Communist Party of India 56 1 01

7) Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 41 1 -

8) Independent 1342 6 05

9) Vacant 12

Total 243

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharkhand_Mukti_Morcha

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_(politician)


Chapter 10

Winners & Runners-Up in Bihar Assembly Election 2010

A. C. NO.

Assembly Constituency

Name

Category Winner Candidates Name

Gender Party VOTE Runner-up Candidates Name

Gender Party vote

1 Valmiki Nagar GEN Rajesh Singh M JD(U) 42289 Mukesh Kumar Kushwaha

M RJD 27618

2 Ramnagar (SC) Bhagirathi Devi F BJP 51993 Naresh Ram M INC 22211

3 Narkatiaganj GEN Satish Chandra Dubey M BJP 45022 Alok Prasad Verma M INC 24794

4 Bagaha GEN PrabhatRanjan Singh M JD(U) 67510 Ram Prasad Yadav M RJD 18455

5 Lauriya GEN Vinay Bihari M IND 38381 Pradeep Singh M JD(U) 27500

6 Nautan GEN Manorma Prasad F JD(U) 40894 Narayan Prasad M LJP 18130

7 Chanpatia GEN Chandra Mohan Rai M BJP 44835 Ejaj Hussain M BSP 21423

8 Bettiah GEN Renu Devi F BJP 42010 Anil Kumar Jha M IND 13221

9 Sikta GEN Dilip Varma M IND 49229 KhurshidUrfFirojAhamad M JD(U) 40450

10 Raxaul GEN Dr. Ajay Kumar Singh M BJP 48686 Raj NandanRai M LJP 38569

11 Sugauli GEN RamchandraSahani M BJP 39021 Vijay Prasad Gupta M RJD 26642

12 Narkatia GEN Shyam Bihari Prasad M JD(U) 31549 Yasmin Sabir Ali M LJP 23861

13 Harsidhi (SC) KrishanaNandanPaswan M BJP 48130 Surendra Kumar Chandra Alias Satish Paswan

M RJD 30066

14 Govindganj GEN MeenaDwivedi F JD(U) 33859 Raju Tiwari M LJP 25454

15 Kesariya GEN Sachindra Pd. Singh M BJP 34649 Ram Saran Pd. Yadav M CPI 22966

16 Kalyanpur GEN RaziaKhatoon F JD(U) 41163 Manoj Kumar Yadav M RJD 25761

17 Pipra (SC) Awadhesh Prasad Kushwaha

M JD(U) 40099 Subhodh Yadav M RJD 28212


18 Madhuban GEN ShivjeeRai M JD(U) 40478 RanaRandhir M RJD 30356

19 Motihari GEN Pramod Kumar M BJP 51888 Rajesh Gupta Alias Bablu Gupta

M RJD 27358

20 Chiraia GEN Avaneesh Kumar Singh M BJP 39459 Laxmi Narayan Pr. Yadav

M RJD 24631

21 Dhaka GEN Pawan Kumar Jaiswal M IND 48100 Faisal Rahman M JD(U) 46451

22 Sheohar GEN Sharfuddin M JD(U) 40447 Pratima Devi F BSP 38816

23 Riga GEN Motilal Prasad M BJP 48633 Amit Kumar M INC 26306

24 Bathnaha (SC) Dinkar Ram M BJP 49181 Lalita Devi F LJP 35889

25 Parihar GEN Ram Naresh Pr. Yadav. M BJP 32987 Dr.RamchandraPurve M RJD 28769

26 Sursand GEN Shahidali Khan M JD(U) 38542 Jainandan Prasad Yadav

M RJD 37356

27 Bajpatti GEN RanjuGeeta F JD(U) 44726 Md. AnwarulHaque M RJD 41306

28 Sitamarhi GEN Sunil KumaraliasPintu M BJP 51664 Raghwendra Kumar Singh

M LJP 46443

29 Runisaidpur GEN Guddi Devi F JD(U) 36125 Ram ShatrughanRai M RJD 25366

30 Belsand GEN Sunita Singh F JD(U) 38139 Sanjay Kumar Gupta M RJD 18559

31 Harlakhi GEN Shaligramyadav M JD(U) 30281 Ram Naresh Pandey M CPI 23622

32 Benipatti GEN Vinod NarainJha M BJP 31198 Mahesh Chandra Singh M LJP 18556

33 Khajauli GEN Arun Shankar Prasad M BJP 44959 Sitaram Yadav M RJD 34246

34 Babubarhi GEN Uma Kantyadav M RJD 51772 KapildebKamat M JD(U) 46859

35 Bisfi GEN Dr.Faiyaj Ahmad M RJD 47169 HariBhushan Thakur M JD(U) 37668

36 Madhubani GEN Ram DeoMahto M BJP 44817 NaiyarAzam M RJD 44229

37 Rajnagar (SC) Ram Lakhan Ram Raman

M RJD 40584 RampritPaswan M BJP 38125

38 Jhanjharpur GEN Nitish Mishra M JD(U) 57652 Jagat Narayan Singh M RJD 36971

39 Phulparas GEN Guljar Devi F JD(U) 36113 Virendra Kumar Chaudhary

M RJD 23769

40 Laukaha GEN Hari Prasad Sah M JD(U) 47849 Chitaranjan Prasad Yadav

M RJD 30283

41 Nirmali GEN AniruddhaPrasadyadav M JD(U) 70150 Vijay Kumar Gupta M INC 24140


42 Pipra GEN Sujata Devi F JD(U) 44883 Dinbandhu Yadav M LJP 30197

43 Supaul GEN BijendraPrasadyadav M JD(U) 55179 Ravindra Kumar Raman M RJD 39779

44 Tribeniganj (SC) Amla Devi F JD(U) 63729 Anant Kumar Bharti M LJP 44706

45 Chhatapur GEN Neeraj Kumar Singh M JD(U) 66895 Akeel Ahmad M RJD 43165

46 Narpatganj GEN Devanti Yadav F BJP 61106 Anil Kumar Yadav M RJD 54169

47 Raniganj (SC) ParmanandRishideo M BJP 65111 Shanti Devi F RJD 41458

48 Forbesganj GEN PadamParag Roy (Venu)

M BJP 70463 Maya Nand Thakur M LJP 43636

49 Araria GEN Zakir Hussain Khan M LJP 49532 Narayan Kumar Jha M BJP 31471

50 Jokihat GEN Sarfrazalam M JD(U) 44027 Koshar Zia M IND 18697

51 Sikti GEN AnandiPrasadyadav M BJP 42076 Vijay Kumar Mandal M LJP 32202

52 Bahadurganj GEN MohammadtousifAlam M INC 30551 Mohammad MaswarAlam

M JD(U) 26752

53 Thakurganj GEN Naushadalam M LJP 36372 Gopal Kumar Agarwal M JD(U) 29409

54 Kishanganj GEN Dr Mohammad Jawaid M INC 38867 Sweety Singh F BJP 38603

55 Kochadhaman GEN AkhatarulIman M RJD 37376 MujahidAlam M JD(U) 28351

56 Amour GEN Saba Zafar M BJP 57774 Abdul JalilMastan M INC 38946

57 Baisi GEN Santosh Kumar M BJP 39939 NasarAhamad M INC 30689

58 Kasba GEN Md.AfaqueAlam M INC 63025 Pradip Kumar Das M BJP 58570

59 Banmankhi (SC) Krishna Kumar Rishi M BJP 67950 Dharmlal Rishi M RJD 23060

60 Rupauli GEN Bima Bharti F JD(U) 64887 Shankar Singh M LJP 27171

61 Dhamdaha GEN Leshi Singh F JD(U) 64323 Irshad Ahmad Khan M INC 19626

62 Purnia GEN Raj Kishore Keshari M BJP 54605 Ram Charitra Yadav M INC 39006

By Polls in 2011

Purnia GEN Kiran Devi F BJP 53732 R C Yadav M INC 30067

63 Katihar GEN Tar Kishore Prasad M BJP 58718 Dr. Ram Prakash Mahto M RJD 38111

64 Kadwa GEN Bhola Ray M BJP 38225 Himraj Singh M NCP 19858

65 Balrampur GEN Dulal Chandra Goshwami

M IND 48136 MahboobAlam M CPI(ML)(L) 45432


66 Pranpur GEN Binod Kumar Singh M BJP 43660 IsratParween F NCP 42944

67 Manihari (ST) Manohar Prasad Singh M JD(U) 44938 Gita Kisku F NCP 40773

68 Barari GEN Bibhasha Chandra Choudhary

M BJP 58104 Mohammed Shakoor M NCP 30936

69 Korha (SC) Mahesh Paswan M BJP 71020 Sunita Devi F INC 18576

70 Alamnagar GEN NarendraN.Yadav M JD(U) 64967 Lovely Anand F INC 22622

71 Bihariganj GEN RenuKumari F JD(U) 79062 Prabhash Kumar M RJD 29065

72 Singheshwar (SC) Ramesh Rishidev M JD(U) 72282 Amit Kumar Bharti M RJD 57086

73 Madhepura GEN Chandrashekhar M RJD 72481 Dr.Ramendra Kumar Yadav Ravi

M JD(U) 60537

74 Sonbarsa (SC) RatneshSada M JD(U) 56633 Sarita Devi F LJP 25188

75 Saharsa GEN AlokRanjan M BJP 55687 Arun Kumar M RJD 47708

76 SimriBakhtiarpur GEN Drarun Kumar M JD(U) 57980 Choudhry Mehboob Ali Kaisar

M INC 39138

77 Mahishi GEN DrabdulGafoor M RJD 39158 Raj Kumar Sah M JD(U) 37441

78 Kusheshwarasthan (SC) ShashiBhushanHajari M BJP 28576 RamchandraPaswan M LJP 23064

79 Gora Bauram GEN Dr.Izhar Ahmad M JD(U) 33258 Dr.Mahavir Prasad M RJD 22656

80 Benipur GEN Gopal Jee Thakur M BJP 43222 Hare Krishna Yadav M RJD 29265

81 Alinagar GEN Abdul Bari Siddiqui M RJD 37923 PrabhakarChoudhary M JD(U) 32934

82 Darbhanga Rural GEN LalitKumaryadav M RJD 29776 Ashraf Hussain M JD(U) 26100

83 Darbhanga GEN Sanjay Saraogi M BJP 64136 Sultan Ahmad M RJD 36582

84 Hayaghat GEN Amar NathGami M BJP 32023 Dr.Shahnawaz Ahmad Kaifee

M LJP 25998

85 Bahadurpur GEN Madan Sahni M JD(U) 27320 Harinandan Yadav M RJD 26677

86 Keoti GEN Ashok Kumaryadav M BJP 45791 FarazFatmi M RJD 45762

87 Jale GEN Vijay Kumar Mishra M BJP 42590 Ramniwas Pd. M RJD 25648

88 Gaighat GEN Veena Devi F BJP 56386 Maheshwar Prasad Yadav

M RJD 40399

89 Aurai GEN Ram SuratRai M BJP 38422 Surendra Kumar M RJD 26681

90 Minapur GEN Dinesh Prasad M JD(U) 42286 Rajeev Kumar UrphMunna Yadav

M RJD 36884


91 Bochaha (SC) Ramai Ram M JD(U) 61885 MusafirPaswan M RJD 37758

92 Sakra (SC) Suresh Chanchal M JD(U) 55486 LalBabu Ram M RJD 42441

93 Kurhani GEN Manoj Kumar Singh M JD(U) 36757 Bijendra Chaudhary M LJP 35187

94 Muzaffarpur GEN Suresh Kumar Sharma M BJP 72301 Mohhammad Jamal M LJP 25862

95 Kanti GEN Ajit Kumar M JD(U) 39648 Md. Israil M RJD 31233

96 Baruraj GEN BrijKishor Singh M RJD 42783 Nand Kumar Rai M JD(U) 28466

97 Paroo GEN Ashok Kumar Singh M BJP 53609 Mithilesh Prasad Yadav M RJD 34582

98 Sahebganj GEN Raju Kumar Singh M JD(U) 46606 Ram Vichar Ray M RJD 41690

99 Baikunthpur GEN Manjeet Kumar Singh M JD(U) 70105 Devdatt Prasad M RJD 33581

100 Barauli GEN Ram PraveshRai M BJP 45234 M.Nematullah M RJD 34820

101 Gopalganj GEN Subas Singh M BJP 58010 ReyazulHaque M RJD 42117

102 Kuchaikote GEN Amrendra Kumar Pandey

M JD(U) 51815 Aditya Narain Pandey M RJD 32297

103 Bhore (SC) IdradeoMajhi M BJP 61401 Bachchan Das M RJD 17831

104 Hathua GEN Ram Sewak Singh M JD(U) 50708 Rajesh Kumar Singh M RJD 27861

105 Siwan GEN Vyasdeo Prasad M BJP 51637 Awadhvihari Chaudhry M RJD 39096

106 Ziradei GEN Asha Devi F BJP 29442 AmarjeetKushwaha M CPI(ML)(L) 20522

107 Darauli (SC) RamayanManjhi M BJP 40993 Satyadeo Ram M CPI(ML)(L) 33987

108 Raghunathpur GEN VikramKunwar M BJP 33474 Amar Nath Yadav M CPI(ML)(L) 18362

109 Daraundha GEN Jagmato Devi F JD(U) 49115 Binod Kumar Singh M RJD 17980

110 Barharia GEN ShyamBahadur Singh M JD(U) 53707 MahamadMobin M RJD 28586

111 Goriyakothi GEN Bhumendra Narayan Singh

M BJP 42533 Indradeo Prasad M RJD 28512

112 Maharajganj GEN Damodar Singh M JD(U) 40232 Manik Chand Rai M RJD 20232

113 Ekma GEN Manoranjan Singh M JD(U) 55474 Kameshwar Kr. Singh M RJD 26273

114 Manjhi GEN Gautam Singh M JD(U) 28687 Hem Narayan Singh M RJD 20783

115 Baniapur GEN KedarNath Singh M RJD 45259 Virendra Kumar Ojha M JD(U) 41684

116 Taraiya GEN Janak Singh M BJP 26600 Tarkeshwar Singh M INC 19630

117 Marhaura GEN Jitendra Kumar Rai M RJD 26374 LalBabu Ray M JD(U) 20750


118 Chapra GEN Janardan Singh Sigriwal M BJP 61045 PramendraRanjan Singh

M RJD 25174

119 Garkha (SC) Gyan Chand Manjhi M BJP 41033 Muneshwar Chaudhary M RJD 39246

120 Amnour GEN Krishana Kumar M JD(U) 29508 Sunil Kumar M IND 18991

121 Parsa GEN ChhotelalRai M JD(U) 44828 ChandrikaRai M RJD 40139

122 Sonepur GEN Vinay Kumar Singh M BJP 64676 Rabri Devi F RJD 43991

123 Hajipur GEN Nityanand Roy M BJP 55315 RajendraRai M LJP 38706

124 Lalganj GEN Annu Shukla F JD(U) 58210 Raj Kumar Sah M IND 34065

125 Vaishali GEN Brishin Patel M JD(U) 60950 VeenaShahi F RJD 48122

126 Mahua GEN Ravindra Ray M JD(U) 46309 Jageshwar Ray M RJD 24384

127 Raja Pakar (SC) Sanjay Kumar M JD(U) 43212 GaurishankarPaswan M LJP 32997

128 Raghopur GEN Satish Kumar M JD(U) 64222 Rabri Devi F RJD 51216

129 Manhar GEN Dr.Achyuatanand M BJP 29754 Rama Kishor Singh M LJP 27265

130 Patepur (SC) MahendraBaitha M BJP 53762 Prema Chaudhary F RJD 37095

131 Kalyanpur (SC) RamsewakHazari M JD(U) 62124 BishwnathPaswan M LJP 31927

By Polls in 2013

Kalyanpur (SC) ManjuKumari F JD(U) 59325 Rekha Devi F LJP 42893

132 Warisnagar GEN Ashok Kumar M JD(U) 46245 Gajendra Prasad Singh M RJD 26745

133 Samastipur GEN Akhtarul Islam Sahin M RJD 42852 Ramnath Thakur M JD(U) 41025

134 Ujiarpur GEN Durga Prasad Singh M RJD 42791 Ram LakhanMahto M JD(U) 29760

135 Morwa GEN BaidhnathSahani M JD(U) 40271 Ashok Singh M RJD 33421

136 Sarairanjan GEN Vijay Kumar Chaudhary M JD(U) 53946 RamashrayaSahni M RJD 36389

137 Mohiuddinnagar GEN RanaGangeshwar Singh M BJP 51756 Ajay Kumar Bulganin M RJD 37405

138 Bibhutpur GEN Ram Balak Singh M JD(U) 46469 RamdeoVerma M CPM 34168

139 Rosera (SC) ManjuHajari F BJP 57930 PitamberPaswan M RJD 45811

140 Hasanpur GEN Raj Kumar Ray M JD(U) 36767 Sunil Kumar Puspam M RJD 33476

141 CheriaBariarpur GEN KumariManjuVerma F JD(U) 32807 Anil Kumar Chaudhary M LJP 31746

142 Bachwara GEN Abdhesh Kumar Rai M CPI 33770 ArvINDKumar Singh M IND 21683


143 Teghra GEN Lalan Ku. M BJP 38694 Ram Ratan Singh M CPI 32848

144 Matihani GEN Narendra Kumar Singh UrfBogo Singh

M JD(U) 60530 Abhay Kumar Sarjan M INC 36702

145 Sahebpur Kamal GEN Parveenamanullah F JD(U) 46391 Shreenarayan Yadav M RJD 35280

146 Begusarai GEN Surendra Mehta M BJP 50602 Upendra Prasad Singh M LJP 30984

147 Bakhri (SC) Ramanand Ram M BJP 43871 Ram BinodPaswan M LJP 25459

148 Alauli (SC) Ram Chandra Sada M JD(U) 53775 Pashupati Kumar Paras M LJP 36252

149 Khagaria GEN Poonam Devi Yadav F JD(U) 48841 Sushila Devi F LJP 21988

150 Beldaur GEN Pannalal Singh (Patel) M JD(U) 45990 Sunita Sharma F LJP 30252

151 Parbatta GEN SamratChoudhary Alias Rakesh Kumar

M RJD 60428 Ramanand Prasad Singh

M JD(U) 59620

152 Bihpur GEN Shailendra Kumar M BJP 48027 Shailesh Kumar @ Bulo Mandal

M RJD 47562

153 Gopalpur GEN Narendra Kumar Niraj M JD(U) 53876 Amit Rana M RJD 28816

154 Pirpainti (SC) Aman Kumar M BJP 48493 Ram VilashPaswan M RJD 42741

155 Kahalgaon GEN Sadanand Singh M INC 44936 KahkashanPerween F JD(U) 36001

156 Bhagalpur GEN Ashwini Kumar Choubey M BJP 49164 Ajeet Sharma M INC 38104

157 Sultanganj GEN SubodhRai M JD(U) 34652 Ramavatar Mandal M RJD 29807

158 Nathnagar GEN Ajai Kumar Mandal M JD(U) 42094 Abu Kaishar M RJD 37367

159 Amarpur GEN JanardanManjhi M JD(U) 47300 Surendra Prasad Singh M RJD 29293

160 Dhuraiya (SC) Manish Kumar M JD(U) 40261 Naresh Das M RJD 31919

161 Banka GEN JavedIqbalansari M RJD 29047 Ram Narayan Mandal M BJP 26637

162 Katoria (ST) SonelalHembram M BJP 32332 SuklalBesara M RJD 23569

163 Belhar GEN Giridhariyadav M JD(U) 33776 Ramdeo Yadav M RJD 26160

164 Tarapur GEN Neeta Choudhary F JD(U) 44582 ShakuniChoudhary M RJD 30704

165 Munger GEN Anant Kumar Satyarthy M JD(U) 55086 ShabnamPerwin F RJD 37473

166 Jamalpur GEN Shailesh Kumar M JD(U) 48337 Sadhana Devi F LJP 27195

167 Surajgarha GEN PremRanjan Patel M BJP 49511 Prahlad Yadav M RJD 46583

168 Lakhisarai GEN Vijay Kumar Sinha M BJP 78457 Fulaina Singh M RJD 18837

169 Sheikhpura GEN Randhir Kumar Soni M JD(U) 31507 Sunila Devi F INC 24165


170 Barbigha GEN GajanandShahi M JD(U) 24136 Ashok Choudhary M INC 21089

171 Asthawan GEN Jitendra Kumar M JD(U) 54176 Kapildev Prasad Singh M LJP 34606

172 Biharsharif GEN Dr. Sunil Kumar M JD(U) 77880 Aafrin Sultana F RJD 54168

173 Rajgir (SC) SatyadeoNarainarya M BJP 50648 Dhananjay Kumar M LJP 23697

174 Islampur GEN RajibRanjan M JD(U) 56332 VirendraGop M RJD 32524

175 Hilsa GEN Usha Sinha F JD(U) 54974 Rina Devi F LJP 41772

176 Nalanda GEN Shrawon Kumar M JD(U) 58067 Arun Kumar M RJD 37030

177 Harnaut GEN Harinarayan Singh M JD(U) 56827 Arun Kumar M RJD 37030

178 Mokama GEN Anant Kumar Singh M JD(U) 51564 Sonam Devi F LJP 42610

179 Barh GEN Gyanendra Kumar Singh M JD(U) 53129 Vijay Krishna M RJD 33734

180 Bakhtiarpur GEN Aniruddh Kumar M RJD 52782 Vinode Yadav M BJP 38037

181 Digha GEN Punam Devi F JD(U) 81247 SatyaNand Sharma M LJP 20785

182 Bankipur GEN Nitin Nabin M BJP 78771 Binod Kumar Srivastava M RJD 17931

183 Kumhrarh GEN Arun Kumar Sinha M BJP 83425 Md. Kamal Parwez M LJP 15617

184 Patna Sahib GEN NandKishoreyadav M BJP 91419 Parvej Ahmad M INC 26082

185 Fatwa GEN Dr.Ramanand Yadav M RJD 50218 Ajay Kumar Singh M JD(U) 40562

186 Danapur GEN Asha Devi F BJP 59425 RitLal Ray M IND 41506

187 Maner GEN Bhai Virendra M RJD 57818 SrikantNirala M JD(U) 48217

188 Phulwari (SC) ShyamRajak M JD(U) 67390 Uday Kumar M RJD 46210

189 Masaurhi (SC) ArunManjhi M JD(U) 56977 Anil Kumar M LJP 51945

190 Paliganj GEN Dr.UshaVidyarthi F BJP 43692 Jai Vardhan Yadav M RJD 33450

191 Bikram GEN Anil Kumar M BJP 38965 Siddharth M LJP 36613

192 Sandesh GEN Sanjay Singh (Tiger) M BJP 29988 Arun Kumar M IND 23166

193 Barhara GEN RaghwendraPratap Singh

M RJD 46102 Asha Devi F JD(U) 45019

194 Arrah GEN AmrendraPratap Singh M BJP 56504 Shree Kumar Singh M LJP 37564

195 Agiaon (SC) Shivesh Kumar M BJP 29257 Suresh Paswan M RJD 24008

196 Tarari GEN Narendra Kumar Pandeyalias Sunil Pandey

M JD(U) 48413 Adib Rizvi M RJD 34093


197 Jagdishpur GEN Dinesh Kumar Singh M RJD 55560 Sribhagwan Singh Kushwaha

M JD(U) 45374

198 Shahpur GEN Munni Devi F BJP 44795 Dharmpal Singh M RJD 36584

199 Barhampur GEN Dilmarni Devi F BJP 46196 Ajit Chaudhary M RJD 25854

200 Buxar GEN Prof.SukhadaPande F BJP 48062 ShyamLal Singh Kushwaha

M RJD 27879

201 Dumraon GEN Dr.Daud Ali M JD(U) 42538 Sunil Kumar M RJD 22692

202 Rajpur (SC) Santosh Kumar Nirala M JD(U) 54802 ChhediLal Ram M LJP 39563

203 Ramgarh GEN Ambika Singh M RJD 30787 Ashok Kumar Singh M IND 27809

204 Mohania (SC) ChhediPaswan M JD(U) 38918 Niranjan Ram M RJD 36393

205 Bhabua GEN Dr.Pramod Kumar Singh M LJP 31246 AnandBhushan Pandey M BJP 30799

206 Chainpur GEN BrijKishorVind M BJP 46510 Dr. Ajay Alok M BSP 32930

207 Chenari (SC) Shyam Bihari Ram M JD(U) 44586 LalanPasawan M RJD 41685

208 Sasaram GEN Jawahar Prasad M BJP 50856 Dr. Ashok Kumar M RJD 45445

209 Kargahar GEN Ram Dhani Singh M JD(U) 54190 Shiv Shankar Singh M LJP 40993

210 Dinara GEN Jay Kumar Singh M JD(U) 47176 SitaSundari Devi F RJD 30566

211 Nokha GEN Rameshwar Prasad M BJP 39020 Kanti Singh F RJD 27297

212 Dehri GEN JyotiRashmi F ND 43634 Mohammad Iliyas Husain

M RJD 33819

213 Karakat GEN Rajeshwar Raj M JD(U) 49751 MunnaRai M RJD 38336

214 Arwal GEN Chitranjan Kumar M BJP 23984 Mahanand Prasad M CPI(ML)(L) 19782

215 Kurtha GEN Satyadev Singh M JD(U) 37633 Shiv Bachan Yadav M RJD 28140

216 Jahanabad GEN Abhiram Sharma M JD(U) 35508 SachchitaNand Yadav M RJD 26941

217 Ghosi GEN Rahul Kumar M JD(U) 40364 Jagdish Prasad M LJP 26088

218 Makhdumpur (SC) Jitan Ram Manjhi M JD(U) 38463 DharmrajPaswan M RJD 33378

219 Goh GEN Dr.Ranvijay Kumar M JD(U) 47378 Ram Ayodhya Prasad Yadav

M RJD 46684

220 Obra GEN Somprakash Singh M ND 36816 Pramod Singh Chadravanshi

M JD(U) 36014

221 Nabinagar GEN Virendra Kumar Singh M JD(U) 36860 Vijay Kumar Singh M LJP 25026


222 Kutumba (SC) Lalan Ram M JD(U) 42559 Suresh Paswan M RJD 28649

223 Aurangabad GEN Ramadhar Singh M BJP 41176 Sunil Kumar Singh M RJD 34934

224 Rafiganj GEN Ashok Kumar Singh M JD(U) 58501 Mohammad Nehaluddin M RJD 34816

225 Gurua GEN Surendra Prasad Sinha M BJP 46767 Bindeshwari Prasad Yadav

M RJD 35331

226 Sherghati GEN Vinod Prasad Yadav M JD(U) 25447 Sushama Devi F IND 18944

227 Imamganj (SC) UdayNarainChoudhary M JD(U) 44126 Raushan Kumar M RJD 42915

228 Barachatti (SC) Jyoti Devi F JD(U) 57550 Samta Devi F RJD 33804

229 Bodh Gaya (SC) ShyamDeoPaswan M BJP 54160 Kumar Sarvjeet M LJP 42947

230 Gaya Town GEN Prem Kumar M BJP 55618 Jalal Uddin Ansari M CPI 27201

231 Tikari GEN Dr. Anil Kumar M JD(U) 67706 Bagi Kumar Verma M RJD 49165

232 Belaganj GEN SurendraPrasadyadav M RJD 53079 Mohammad Amzad M JD(U) 48441

233 Atri GEN Krishna Nandan Yadav M JD(U) 55633 Kunti Devi F RJD 35023

234 Wazirganj GEN Virendra Singh M BJP 38893 Awadhesh Kumar Singh M INC 21127

235 Rajauli (SC) Kanhaiya Kumar M BJP 51020 Prakash Bir M RJD 36930

236 Hisua GEN Anil Singh M BJP 43110 Anil Mehta M LJP 39132

237 Nawada GEN Purnimayadav F JD(U) 46568 Rajballabh Prasad M RJD 40231

238 Gobindpur GEN Kaushalyadav M JD(U) 45589 Prof. K. B. Prasad M LJP 24702

239 Warsaliganj GEN Pradip Kumar M JD(U) 42381 Aruna Devi F INC 36953

240 Sikandra (SC) RameshwarPaswan M JD(U) 39829 Subhash Chandra Bosh M LJP 27468

241 Jamui GEN Ajay Pratap M JD(U) 60130 Vijay Prakash M RJD 35663

242 Jhajha GEN DamodarRawat M JD(U) 48080 Binod Prasad Yadav M RJD 37876

243 Chakai GEN Sumit Kumar Singh M JMM 21809 Bijay Kumar Singh M LJP 21621


Chapter 11

List of winning Candidates with winning Margin less than 5000 votes in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 (Margin Less 5000 in Dark Red Color)

A. C. NO.

Assembly Constituency Name Winner Runner-up Margin of Votes Winner Candidates Name Winner Party Name VOTE Runner-up Party vote

1 Valmiki Nagar Rajesh Singh JD(U) 42289 RJD 27618 14671

2 Ramnagar Bhagirathi Devi BJP 51993 INC 22211 29782

3 Narkatiaganj Satish Chandra Dubey BJP 45022 INC 24794 20228

4 Bagaha PrabhatRanjan Singh JD(U) 67510 RJD 18455 49055

5 Lauriya Vinay Bihari IND 38381 JD(U) 27500 10881

6 Nautan Manorma Prasad JD(U) 40894 LJP 18130 22764

7 Chanpatia Chandra Mohan Rai BJP 44835 BSP 21423 23412

8 Bettiah Renu Devi BJP 42010 IND 13221 28789

9 Sikta Dilip Varma IND 49229 JD(U) 40450 8779

10 Raxaul Dr. Ajay Kumar Singh BJP 48686 LJP 38569 10117

11 Sugauli RamchandraSahani BJP 39021 RJD 26642 12379

12 Narkatia Shyam Bihari Prasad JD(U) 31549 LJP 23861 7688

13 Harsidhi KrishanaNandanPaswan BJP 48130 RJD 30066 18064

14 Govindganj MeenaDwivedi JD(U) 33859 LJP 25454 8405

15 Kesariya Sachindra Pd. Singh BJP 34649 CPI 22966 11683

16 Kalyanpur RaziaKhatoon JD(U) 41163 RJD 25761 15402


17 Pipra Awadhesh Prasad Kushwaha

JD(U) 40099 RJD 28212 11887

18 Madhuban ShivjeeRai JD(U) 40478 RJD 30356 10122

19 Motihari Pramod Kumar BJP 51888 RJD 27358 24530

20 Chiraia Avaneesh Kumar Singh BJP 39459 RJD 24631 14828

21 Dhaka Pawan Kumar Jaiswal IND 48100 JD(U) 46451 1649

22 Sheohar Sharfuddin JD(U) 40447 BSP 38816 1631

23 Riga Motilal Prasad BJP 48633 INC 26306 22327

24 Bathnaha Dinkar Ram BJP 49181 LJP 35889 13292

25 Parihar Ram Naresh Pr. Yadav. BJP 32987 RJD 28769 4218

26 Sursand Shahidali Khan JD(U) 38542 RJD 37356 1186

27 Bajpatti RanjuGeeta JD(U) 44726 RJD 41306 3420

28 Sitamarhi Sunil KumaraliasPintu BJP 51664 LJP 46443 5221

29 Runisaidpur Guddi Devi JD(U) 36125 RJD 25366 10759

30 Belsand Sunita Singh JD(U) 38139 RJD 18559 19580

31 Harlakhi Shaligramyadav JD(U) 30281 CPI 23622 6659

32 Benipatti Vinod NarainJha BJP 31198 LJP 18556 12642

33 Khajauli Arun Shankar Prasad BJP 44959 RJD 34246 10713

34 Babubarhi Uma Kantyadav RJD 51772 JD(U) 46859 4913

35 Bisfi Dr.Faiyaj Ahmad RJD 47169 JD(U) 37668 9501

36 Madhubani Ram DeoMahto BJP 44817 RJD 44229 588

37 Rajnagar Ram Lakhan Ram Raman RJD 40584 BJP 38125 2459

38 Jhanjharpur Nitish Mishra JD(U) 57652 RJD 36971 20681

39 Phulparas Guljar Devi JD(U) 36113 RJD 23769 12344

40 Laukaha Hari Prasad Sah JD(U) 47849 RJD 30283 17566

41 Nirmali AniruddhaPrasadyadav JD(U) 70150 INC 24140 46010

42 Pipra Sujata Devi JD(U) 44883 LJP 30197 14686

43 Supaul BijendraPrasadyadav JD(U) 55179 RJD 39779 15400

44 Tribeniganj Amla Devi JD(U) 63729 LJP 44706 19023


45 Chhatapur Neeraj Kumar Singh JD(U) 66895 RJD 43165 23730

46 Narpatganj Devanti Yadav BJP 61106 RJD 54169 6937

47 Raniganj ParmanandRishideo BJP 65111 RJD 41458 23653

48 Forbesganj PadamParag Roy (Venu) BJP 70463 LJP 43636 26827

49 Araria Zakir Hussain Khan LJP 49532 BJP 31471 18061

50 Jokihat Sarfrazalam JD(U) 44027 IND 18697 25330

51 Sikti AnandiPrasadyadav BJP 42076 LJP 32202 9874

52 Bahadurganj MohammadtousifAlam INC 30551 JD(U) 26752 3799

53 Thakurganj Naushadalam LJP 36372 JD(U) 29409 6963

54 Kishanganj Dr Mohammad Jawaid INC 38867 BJP 38603 264

55 Kochadhaman AkhatarulIman RJD 37376 JD(U) 28351 9025

56 Amour Saba Zafar BJP 57774 INC 38946 18828

57 Baisi Santosh Kumar BJP 39939 INC 30689 9250

58 Kasba Md.AfaqueAlam INC 63025 BJP 58570 4455

59 Banmankhi Krishna Kumar Rishi BJP 67950 RJD 23060 44890

60 Rupauli Bima Bharti JD(U) 64887 LJP 27171 37716

61 Dhamdaha Leshi Singh JD(U) 64323 INC 19626 44697

62 Purnia Raj Kishore Keshari BJP 54605 INC 39006 15599

By Polls in 2011

Purnia Kiran Devi BJP 53732 INC 30067 23665

63 Katihar Tar Kishore Prasad BJP 58718 RJD 38111 20607

64 Kadwa Bhola Ray BJP 38225 NCP 19858 18367

65 Balrampur Dulal Chandra Goshwami IND 48136 CPI(ML)(L) 45432 2704

66 Pranpur Binod Kumar Singh BJP 43660 NCP 42944 716

67 Manihari Manohar Prasad Singh JD(U) 44938 NCP 40773 4165

68 Barari Bibhasha Chandra Choudhary

BJP 58104 NCP 30936 27168

69 Korha Mahesh Paswan BJP 71020 INC 18576 52444

70 Alamnagar NarendraN.Yadav JD(U) 64967 INC 22622 42345


71 Bihariganj RenuKumari JD(U) 79062 RJD 29065 49997

72 Singheshwar Ramesh Rishidev JD(U) 72282 RJD 57086 15196

73 Madhepura Chandrashekhar RJD 72481 JD(U) 60537 11944

74 Sonbarsa RatneshSada JD(U) 56633 LJP 25188 31445

75 Saharsa AlokRanjan BJP 55687 RJD 47708 7979

76 Simri Bakhtiarpur Drarun Kumar JD(U) 57980 INC 39138 18842

77 Mahishi DrabdulGafoor RJD 39158 JD(U) 37441 1717

78 Kusheshwarasthan ShashiBhushanHajari BJP 28576 LJP 23064 5512

79 Gora Bauram Dr.Izhar Ahmad JD(U) 33258 RJD 22656 10602

80 Benipur Gopal Jee Thakur BJP 43222 RJD 29265 13957

81 Alinagar Abdul Bari Siddiqui RJD 37923 JD(U) 32934 4989

82 Darbhanga Rural LalitKumaryadav RJD 29776 JD(U) 26100 3676

83 Darbhanga Sanjay Saraogi BJP 64136 RJD 36582 27554

84 Hayaghat Amar NathGami BJP 32023 LJP 25998 6025

85 Bahadurpur Madan Sahni JD(U) 27320 RJD 26677 643

86 Keoti Ashok Kumaryadav BJP 45791 RJD 45762 29

87 Jale Vijay Kumar Mishra BJP 42590 RJD 25648 16942

88 Gaighat Veena Devi BJP 56386 RJD 40399 15987

89 Aurai Ram SuratRai BJP 38422 RJD 26681 11741

90 Minapur Dinesh Prasad JD(U) 42286 RJD 36884 5402

91 Bochaha Ramai Ram JD(U) 61885 RJD 37758 24127

92 Sakra Suresh Chanchal JD(U) 55486 RJD 42441 13045

93 Kurhani Manoj Kumar Singh JD(U) 36757 LJP 35187 1570

94 Muzaffarpur Suresh Kumar Sharma BJP 72301 LJP 25862 46439

95 Kanti Ajit Kumar JD(U) 39648 RJD 31233 8415

96 Baruraj BrijKishor Singh RJD 42783 JD(U) 28466 14317

97 Paroo Ashok Kumar Singh BJP 53609 RJD 34582 19027

98 Sahebganj Raju Kumar Singh JD(U) 46606 RJD 41690 4916

99 Baikunthpur Manjeet Kumar Singh JD(U) 70105 RJD 33581 36524


100 Barauli Ram PraveshRai BJP 45234 RJD 34820 10414

101 Gopalganj Subas Singh BJP 58010 RJD 42117 15893

102 Kuchaikote Amrendra Kumar Pandey JD(U) 51815 RJD 32297 19518

103 Bhore IdradeoMajhi BJP 61401 RJD 17831 43570

104 Hathua Ram Sewak Singh JD(U) 50708 RJD 27861 22847

105 Siwan Vyasdeo Prasad BJP 51637 RJD 39096 12541

106 Ziradei Asha Devi BJP 29442 CPI(ML)(L) 20522 8920

107 Darauli RamayanManjhi BJP 40993 CPI(ML)(L) 33987 7006

108 Raghunathpur VikramKunwar BJP 33474 CPI(ML)(L) 18362 15112

109 Daraundha Jagmato Devi JD(U) 49115 RJD 17980 31135

110 Barharia ShyamBahadur Singh JD(U) 53707 RJD 28586 25121

111 Goriyakothi Bhumendra Narayan Singh BJP 42533 RJD 28512 14021

112 Maharajganj Damodar Singh JD(U) 40232 RJD 20232 20000

113 Ekma Manoranjan Singh JD(U) 55474 RJD 26273 29201

114 Manjhi Gautam Singh JD(U) 28687 RJD 20783 7904

115 Baniapur KedarNath Singh RJD 45259 JD(U) 41684 3575

116 Taraiya Janak Singh BJP 26600 INC 19630 6970

117 Marhaura Jitendra Kumar Rai RJD 26374 JD(U) 20750 5624

118 Chapra Janardan Singh Sigriwal BJP 61045 RJD 25174 35871

119 Garkha Gyan Chand Manjhi BJP 41033 RJD 39246 1787

120 Amnour Krishana Kumar JD(U) 29508 IND 18991 10517

121 Parsa ChhotelalRai JD(U) 44828 RJD 40139 4689

122 Sonepur Vinay Kumar Singh BJP 64676 RJD 43991 20685

123 Hajipur Nityanand Roy BJP 55315 LJP 38706 16609

124 Lalganj Annu Shukla JD(U) 58210 IND 34065 24145

125 Vaishali Brishin Patel JD(U) 60950 RJD 48122 12828

126 Mahua Ravindra Ray JD(U) 46309 RJD 24384 21925

127 Raja Pakar Sanjay Kumar JD(U) 43212 LJP 32997 10215

128 Raghopur Satish Kumar JD(U) 64222 RJD 51216 13006


129 Manhar Dr.Achyuatanand BJP 29754 LJP 27265 2489

130 Patepur MahendraBaitha BJP 53762 RJD 37095 16667

131 Kalyanpur RamsewakHazari JD(U) 62124 LJP 31927 30197

By Polls in 2013

Kalyanpur ManjuKumari JD(U) 59325 LJP 42893 16432

132 Warisnagar Ashok Kumar JD(U) 46245 RJD 26745 19500

133 Samastipur Akhtarul Islam Sahin RJD 42852 JD(U) 41025 1827

134 Ujiarpur Durga Prasad Singh RJD 42791 JD(U) 29760 13031

135 Morwa BaidhnathSahani JD(U) 40271 RJD 33421 6850

136 Sarairanjan Vijay Kumar Chaudhary JD(U) 53946 RJD 36389 17557

137 Mohiuddinnagar RanaGangeshwar Singh BJP 51756 RJD 37405 14351

138 Bibhutpur Ram Balak Singh JD(U) 46469 CPM 34168 12301

139 Rosera ManjuHajari BJP 57930 RJD 45811 12119

140 Hasanpur Raj Kumar Ray JD(U) 36767 RJD 33476 3291

141 CheriaBariarpur KumariManjuVerma JD(U) 32807 LJP 31746 1061

142 Bachwara Abdhesh Kumar Rai CPI 33770 IND 21683 12087

143 Teghra Lalan Ku. BJP 38694 CPI 32848 5846

144 Matihani Narendra Kumar Singh UrfBogo Singh

JD(U) 60530 INC 36702 23828

145 Sahebpur Kamal Parveenamanullah JD(U) 46391 RJD 35280 11111

146 Begusarai Surendra Mehta BJP 50602 LJP 30984 19618

147 Bakhri Ramanand Ram BJP 43871 LJP 25459 18412

148 Alauli Ram Chandra Sada JD(U) 53775 LJP 36252 17523

149 Khagaria Poonam Devi Yadav JD(U) 48841 LJP 21988 26853

150 Beldaur Pannalal Singh (Patel) JD(U) 45990 LJP 30252 15738

151 Parbatta SamratChoudhary Alias Rakesh Kumar

RJD 60428 JD(U) 59620 808

152 Bihpur Shailendra Kumar BJP 48027 RJD 47562 465

153 Gopalpur Narendra Kumar Niraj JD(U) 53876 RJD 28816 25060


154 Pirpainti Aman Kumar BJP 48493 RJD 42741 5752

155 Kahalgaon Sadanand Singh INC 44936 JD(U) 36001 8935

156 Bhagalpur Ashwini Kumar Choubey BJP 49164 INC 38104 11060

157 Sultanganj SubodhRai JD(U) 34652 RJD 29807 4845

158 Nathnagar Ajai Kumar Mandal JD(U) 42094 RJD 37367 4727

159 Amarpur JanardanManjhi JD(U) 47300 RJD 29293 18007

160 Dhuraiya Manish Kumar JD(U) 40261 RJD 31919 8342

161 Banka JavedIqbalansari RJD 29047 BJP 26637 2410

162 Katoria SonelalHembram BJP 32332 RJD 23569 8763

163 Belhar Giridhariyadav JD(U) 33776 RJD 26160 7616

164 Tarapur Neeta Choudhary JD(U) 44582 RJD 30704 13878

165 Munger Anant Kumar Satyarthy JD(U) 55086 RJD 37473 17613

166 Jamalpur Shailesh Kumar JD(U) 48337 LJP 27195 21142

167 Surajgarha PremRanjan Patel BJP 49511 RJD 46583 2928

168 Lakhisarai Vijay Kumar Sinha BJP 78457 RJD 18837 59620

169 Sheikhpura Randhir Kumar Soni JD(U) 31507 INC 24165 7342

170 Barbigha GajanandShahi JD(U) 24136 INC 21089 3047

171 Asthawan Jitendra Kumar JD(U) 54176 LJP 34606 19570

172 Biharsharif Dr. Sunil Kumar JD(U) 77880 RJD 54168 23713

173 Rajgir SatyadeoNarainarya BJP 50648 LJP 23697 26951

174 Islampur RajibRanjan JD(U) 56332 RJD 32524 23808

175 Hilsa Usha Sinha JD(U) 54974 LJP 41772 13202

176 Nalanda Shrawon Kumar JD(U) 58067 RJD 37030 21037

177 Harnaut Harinarayan Singh JD(U) 56827 RJD 37030 15042

178 Mokama Anant Kumar Singh JD(U) 51564 LJP 42610 8954

179 Barh Gyanendra Kumar Singh JD(U) 53129 RJD 33734 19395

180 Bakhtiarpur Aniruddh Kumar RJD 52782 BJP 38037 14745

181 Digha Punam Devi JD(U) 81247 LJP 20785 60462

182 Bankipur Nitin Nabin BJP 78771 RJD 17931 60840


183 Kumhrarh Arun Kumar Sinha BJP 83425 LJP 15617 67808

184 Patna Sahib NandKishoreyadav BJP 91419 INC 26082 65337

185 Fatwa Dr.Ramanand Yadav RJD 50218 JD(U) 40562 9656

186 Danapur Asha Devi BJP 59425 IND 41506 17919

187 Maner Bhai Virendra RJD 57818 JD(U) 48217 9601

188 Phulwari ShyamRajak JD(U) 67390 RJD 46210 21180

189 Masaurhi ArunManjhi JD(U) 56977 LJP 51945 5032

190 Paliganj Dr.UshaVidyarthi BJP 43692 RJD 33450 10242

191 Bikram Anil Kumar BJP 38965 LJP 36613 2352

192 Sandesh Sanjay Singh (Tiger) BJP 29988 IND 23166 6822

193 Barhara RaghwendraPratap Singh RJD 46102 JD(U) 45019 1083

194 Arrah AmrendraPratap Singh BJP 56504 LJP 37564 18940

195 Agiaon Shivesh Kumar BJP 29257 RJD 24008 5249

196 Tarari Narendra Kumar Pandeyalias Sunil Pandey

JD(U) 48413 RJD 34093 14320

197 Jagdishpur Dinesh Kumar Singh RJD 55560 JD(U) 45374 10186

198 Shahpur Munni Devi BJP 44795 RJD 36584 8211

199 Barhampur Dilmarni Devi BJP 46196 RJD 25854 20342

200 Buxar Prof.SukhadaPande BJP 48062 RJD 27879 20183

201 Dumraon Dr.Daud Ali JD(U) 42538 RJD 22692 19846

202 Rajpur Santosh Kumar Nirala JD(U) 54802 LJP 39563 15239

203 Ramgarh Ambika Singh RJD 30787 IND 27809 2978

204 Mohania ChhediPaswan JD(U) 38918 RJD 36393 2525

205 Bhabua Dr.Pramod Kumar Singh LJP 31246 BJP 30799 447

206 Chainpur BrijKishorVind BJP 46510 BSP 32930 13580

207 Chenari Shyam Bihari Ram JD(U) 44586 RJD 41685 2901

208 Sasaram Jawahar Prasad BJP 50856 RJD 45445 5411

209 Kargahar Ram Dhani Singh JD(U) 54190 LJP 40993 13197

210 Dinara Jay Kumar Singh JD(U) 47176 RJD 30566 16610


211 Nokha Rameshwar Prasad BJP 39020 RJD 27297 11723

212 Dehri JyotiRashmi ND 43634 RJD 33819 9815

213 Karakat Rajeshwar Raj JD(U) 49751 RJD 38336 11415

214 Arwal Chitranjan Kumar BJP 23984 CPI(ML)(L) 19782 4202

215 Kurtha Satyadev Singh JD(U) 37633 RJD 28140 9493

216 Jahanabad Abhiram Sharma JD(U) 35508 RJD 26941 8567

217 Ghosi Rahul Kumar JD(U) 40364 LJP 26088 14276

218 Makhdumpur Jitan Ram Manjhi JD(U) 38463 RJD 33378 5085

219 Goh Dr.Ranvijay Kumar JD(U) 47378 RJD 46684 694

220 Obra Somprakash Singh ND 36816 JD(U) 36014 802

221 Nabinagar Virendra Kumar Singh JD(U) 36860 LJP 25026 11834

222 Kutumba Lalan Ram JD(U) 42559 RJD 28649 13910

223 Aurangabad Ramadhar Singh BJP 41176 RJD 34934 6242

224 Rafiganj Ashok Kumar Singh JD(U) 58501 RJD 34816 23685

225 Gurua Surendra Prasad Sinha BJP 46767 RJD 35331 11436

226 Sherghati Vinod Prasad Yadav JD(U) 25447 IND 18944 6503

227 Imamganj UdayNarainChoudhary JD(U) 44126 RJD 42915 1211

228 Barachatti Jyoti Devi JD(U) 57550 RJD 33804 23746

229 Bodh Gaya ShyamDeoPaswan BJP 54160 LJP 42947 11213

230 Gaya Town Prem Kumar BJP 55618 CPI 27201 28417

231 Tikari Dr. Anil Kumar JD(U) 67706 RJD 49165 18541

232 Belaganj SurendraPrasadyadav RJD 53079 JD(U) 48441 4638

233 Atri Krishna Nandan Yadav JD(U) 55633 RJD 35023 20610

234 Wazirganj Virendra Singh BJP 38893 INC 21127 17766

235 Rajauli Kanhaiya Kumar BJP 51020 RJD 36930 14090

236 Hisua Anil Singh BJP 43110 LJP 39132 3978

237 Nawada Purnimayadav JD(U) 46568 RJD 40231 6337

238 Gobindpur Kaushalyadav JD(U) 45589 LJP 24702 20887

239 Warsaliganj Pradip Kumar JD(U) 42381 INC 36953 5428


240 Sikandra RameshwarPaswan JD(U) 39829 LJP 27468 12361

241 Jamui Ajay Pratap JD(U) 60130 RJD 35663 24467

242 Jhajha DamodarRawat JD(U) 48080 RJD 37876 10204

243 Chakai Sumit Kumar Singh JMM 21809 LJP 21621 188


Chapter 12

Seats won by Parties in SC Constituencies in Bihar Assembly Election 2010

Party No. of Seats won

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 18

Communist Party of India (CPI) --

Indian National Congress (INC) --

Janata Dal (United), JD(U) 19

Lok Jan Shakti Party (LJP) --

RashtriyaLok Dal (RJD) 01

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) --

Independent (IND) --

Total 38


Seats won by Parties in ST Constituencies

in Bihar Assembly Election 2010

Party No. of Seats won

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 01

Communist Party of India (CPI) --

Indian National Congress (INC) --

Janata Dal (United), JD(U) 01

Lok Jan Shakti Party (LJP) --

RashtriyaLok Dal (RJD) --

Jharkhand MuktiMorcha (JMM) --

Independent (IND) --

Total 02

Details of SC & ST Assembly Seats Won by Political Parties in Election 2010

A.C. No. A.C. Name Name of Winner Gender Party Name

2 Ramnagar (SC) Bhagirathi Devi F BJP


13 Harsidhi (SC) Krishana Nandan Paswan

M BJP

24 Bathnaha (SC) Dinkar Ram M BJP

37 Rajnagar (SC) Ram Lakhan Ram Raman

M RJD

44 Tribeniganj (SC) Amla Devi F JD(U)

47 Raniganj (SC) Parmanand Rishideo M BJP

59 Banmankhi (SC) Krishna Kumar Rishi M BJP

67 Manihari (ST) Manohar Prasad Singh M JD(U)

69 Korha (SC) Mahesh Paswan M BJP

72 Singheshwar (SC) Ramesh Rishidev M JD(U)

74 Sonbarsa (SC) Ratnesh Sada M JD(U)

78 Kuseshwarsthanh (SC) Shashi Bhushan Hajari M BJP

91 Bochaha (SC) Ramai Ram M JD(U)

92 Sakra (SC) Suresh Chanchal M JD(U)

103 Bhorey (SC) Idradeo Majhi M BJP

107 Darauli (SC) Ramayan Manjhi M BJP

119 Garkha (SC) Gyan Chand Manjhi M BJP

127 Raja Pakar (SC) Sanjay Kumar M JD(U)

130 Patepur (SC) Mahendra Baitha M BJP

131 Kalyanpur (SC) Ramsewak Hazari M JD(U)

139 Rosera (SC) Manju Hajari F BJP

147 Bakhri (SC) Ramanand Ram M BJP

148 Alauli (SC) Ram Chandra Sada M JD(U)

154 Pirpainti (SC) Aman Kumar M BJP

160 Dhuraiya (SC) Manish Kumar M JD(U)


162 Katoria (ST) Sonelal Hembram M BJP

173 Rajgir (SC) SatAryadeo Narain M BJP

188 Phulwari (SC) Shyam Rajak M JD(U)

189 Masaurhi (SC) Arun Manjhi M JD(U)

195 Agiaon (SC) Shivesh Kumar M BJP

202 Rajpur (SC) Santosh Kumar Nirala M JD(U)

204 Mohania (SC) Chhedi Paswan M JD(U)

207 Chenari (SC) Shyam Bihari Ram M JD(U)

218 Makhdumpur (SC) Jitan Ram Manjhi M JD(U)

222 Kutumba (SC) Lalan Ram M JD(U)

227 Imamganj (SC) Uday Narain Choudhary M JD(U)

228 Barachatti (SC) Jyoti Devi F JD(U)

229 Bodh Gaya (SC) Shyam Deo Paswan M BJP

235 Rajauli (SC) Kanhaiya Kumar M BJP

240 Sikandra (SC) Rameshwar Paswan M JD(U)


Chapter 13

Performance of Women Candidates in Bihar Assembly Election 2010

Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Status

Total

Sl No. Name of candidate Party Type Secured over total over total Valid

electors votes polled votes State/UT: Bihar

2 Ramnagar (SC)

6 Nautan 5 MANORMA

PRASAD JD(U) S 40894 20.41 36.48 W 112107

9 SHRI KANTI DEVI VIP U 840 0.42 0.75 FD 112107

2 BHAGIRATHI DEVI BJP N 51993 24.00 41.51 W 125257

10 SAHODARI DEVI BVM U 1038 0.48 0.83 FD 125257

15 MANSA BHARTI IND Z 1083 0.50 0.86 FD 125257

3 Narkatiaganj

6 ASIMA KHATOON SP U 1300 0.65 1.10 FD 118282

5 Lauriya

8 NARAYANI DEVI SJP(R) U 2014 1.06 1.75 FD 114776


8 Bettiah

5 RENU DEVI BJP N 42010 21.86 39.57 W 106163

10 Raxaul

6 BHAGMATI DEVI SP U 1138 0.54 1.00 FD 113455

11 Sugauli

6 BEMISAL PRAVIN SJP(R) U 2236 1.09 1.97 FD 113367

12 Narkatia

2 YASMIN SABIR ALI LJP S 23861 11.67 20.04 L 119067

13 Harsidhi (SC)

10 KUSUM DEVI IND Z 3324 1.78 3.24 FD 102692

14 Govindganj

2 MEENA DWIVEDI JD(U) S 33859 17.91 34.76 W 97400

15 Kesaria

6 SUMITRA KUMARI YADAV

INC N 3212 1.73 3.40 FD 94480

16 Kalyanpur

4 RAZIA KHATOON JD(U) S 41163 23.21 42.49 W 96871

9 ARPANA DEVI IND Z 3102 1.75 3.20 FD 96871 20 Chiraia

7 SUSHEELA DEVI SJP(R) U 1374 0.64 1.23 FD 111933

11 MANJU DEVI IND Z 7006 3.25 6.26 FD 111933

21 Dhaka

3 ZAINAB AHMAD NABI

NCP N 534 0.23 0.42 FD 126635

22 Sheohar


3 PRATIMA DEVI BSP N 38816 16.82 32.36 L 119938

23 Riga

3 NAGINA DEVI LJP S 18562 8.07 15.21 FD 122022

7 DROPATI DEVI IJP U 819 0.36 0.67 FD 122022 24 Bathnaha (SC) Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Stat

us Total

Sl No.

Name of candidate Party Type Secured over total over total Valid

electors votes polled

votes

3 LALITA DEVI LJP S 35889 15.26 32.12 L 111723

25 Parihar

6 BASIRAN KHATOON. SJP(R) U 2182 0.95 1.89 FD 115475

26 Sursand

1 ANITA RAUT CPI N 13173 5.68 11.31 FD 116475

10 SUSHAMA DEVI SARRAF IND Z 2746 1.18 2.36 FD 116475

27 Bajpatti

13 SUMITRA DEVI IND Z 2501 1.03 2.15 FD 116118

5 RANJU GEETA JD(U) S 44726 18.41 38.52 W 116118

28 Sitamarhi

2 KUMARI RUPAM INC N 3870 1.73 3.27 FD 118527

29 Runisaidpur

9 MANGEETA DEVI IND Z 14125 6.53 12.96 FD 108973

10 MANDAKANI KUMARI IND Z 1335 0.62 1.23 FD 108973

1 GUDDI DEVI JD(U) S 36125 16.71 33.15 W 108973


4 MONI GUPTA INC N 10114 4.68 9.28 FD 108973

6 SUSHMA NARAYAN BSP N 6289 2.91 5.77 FD 108973

8 IRA DEVI IND Z 3553 1.64 3.26 FD 108973

30 Belsand

5 SUNITA SINGH JD(U) S 38139 19.22 38.80 W 98284

32 Benipatti

2 BHAWANA JHA. INC N 13334 5.70 13.65 FD 97668

35 Bisfi

15 SEEMA DEVI IND Z 3358 1.38 2.92 FD 115105

39 Phulparas

1 ANITA YADAV INC N 4677 1.79 3.69 FD 126774

2 GULJAR DEVI JD(U) S 36113 13.82 28.49 W 126774

4 VIKRAM SHILA DEVI CPM N 3358 1.28 2.65 FD 126774

40 Laukaha

8 INDRA KALA DEVI IND Z 1851 0.71 1.35 FD 137390

41 Nirmali

2 ARUNA MEHTA RJD S 23985 10.98 18.39 L 130457

8 PRATIMA DEVI IND Z 1125 0.51 0.86 FD 130457

42 Pipra

4 SUJATA DEVI JD(U) S 44883 21.23 35.84 W 125233

44 Tribeniganj (SC)

12 RENU KUMARI IND Z 1263 0.60 0.97 FD 130169

13 SUDHA KUMARI IND Z 3025 1.45 2.32 FD 130169

2 AMLA DEVI JD(U) S 63729 30.50 48.96 W 130169


3 GITA DEVI BSP N 1473 0.71 1.13 FD 130169

6 KUMARI SHOBHA SP U 999 0.48 0.77 FD 130169

45 Chhatapur

16 REETA DEVI IND Z 2915 1.37 2.13 FD 136719



Total

Sl No. Name of candidate Party Type Secured over total

over total Valid

electors

votes polled

votes

46 Narpatganj

3 DEVANTI YADAV BJP N 61106 25.68 40.99 W 149093

47 Raniganj (SC)

1 KAUSHALYA DEVI NCP N 3883 1.69 2.96 FD 131191

4 SHANTI DEVI RJD S 41458 18.05 31.60 L 131191

51 Sikti

5 SHAGUFTA INC N 20280 9.57 15.03 FD 134957

9 KALPANA DEVI IND Z 1221 0.58 0.90 FD 134957

52 Bahadurganj

8 KHOSHI DEVI IND Z 1417 0.68 1.26 FD 112446

53 Thakurganj

7 POONAM DEVI JMM U 10715 5.45 8.34 FD 128527

54 Kishanganj

6 SWEETY SINGH BJP N 38603 18.22 31.16 L 123875 55 Kochadhaman

15 SUNITA GUPTA IND Z 1831 1.03 1.78 FD 103036

56 Amour

6 TUKSI DEVI BJJD U 1188 0.54 0.95 FD 124697

58 Kasba

7 MANI SINHA SP U 657 0.33 0.49 FD 133900

60 Rupauli

4 BIMA BHARTI JD(U) S 64887 27.25 46.63 W 139155

61 Dhamdaha

5 LESHI SINGH JD(U) S 64323 27.19 44.02 W 146115


64 Kadwa

14 MANOWRA BEGUM IND Z 1282 0.64 1.07 FD 119961

19 LALITA DEVI IND Z 377 0.19 0.31 FD 119961

65 Balrampur

15 SHAHIN SHIRIN AZAD IND Z 859 0.37 0.58 FD 147247

66 Pranpur

2 ISRAT PARWEEN NCP N 42944 19.74 31.07 L 138226

67 Manihari (ST)

11 PRIYA DEVI IND Z 781 0.37 0.62 FD 126139

2 GITA KISKU NCP N 40773 19.37 32.32 L 126139

6 GITA DEVI CPI(ML)(L)

U 902 0.43 0.72 FD 126139

7 JULIE HEMBRAM IJP U 669 0.32 0.53 FD 126139

8 PHOOLMANI HEMBRAM

BVM U 2233 1.06 1.77 FD 126139

68 Barari

5 SANYOGITA SINGH INC N 10822 5.22 7.91 FD 136794

69 Korha (SC)

1 MANJU DEVI NCP N 15956 7.88 12.42 FD 128442

5 SUNITA DEVI INC N 18576 9.18 14.46 FD 128442



Total


over total Valid


votes

70 Alamnagar

4 LOVELY ANAND INC N 22622 8.59 14.68 FD 154110

12 BULBUL SINGH IND Z 2961 1.12 1.92 FD 154110

71 Bihariganj

4 RANJEET RANJAN INC N 27554 10.96 18.05 L 152620

5 RENU KUMARI JD(U) S 79062 31.44 51.80 W 152620

72 Singheshwar (SC)

5 INDO DEVI SAP U 3227 1.31 2.22 FD 145296

73 Madhepura

9 SWATI PRIYA SP U 3117 1.21 2.03 FD 153267

74 Sonbarsa (SC)

6 SARITA DEVI LJP S 25188 10.99 21.07 L 119548

12 INDU DEVI IND Z 1214 0.53 1.02 FD 119548

76 Simri bakhtiarpur

7 ASHA DEVI IND Z 1611 0.66 1.22 FD 131565

9 POONAM DEVI IND Z 1675 0.68 1.27 FD 131565

77 Mahishi

6 REKHA DEVI JD(S) U 946 0.42 0.81 FD 117290

78 Kusheshwar asthan (SC)

5 SANGEETA BHARTI CPM N 2185 1.10 2.42 FD 90475

81 Alinagar

9 MANAWATI DEVI IND Z 1524 0.71 1.50 FD 101888

82 Darbhanga Rural


7 SHANICHRI DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 1604 0.72 1.58 FD 101745

84 Hayaghat

10 RANI DEVI IND Z 1805 0.98 1.99 FD 90930

88 Gaighat

1 ARTI DEVI INC N 6742 2.92 5.20 FD 129756

4 VEENA DEVI BJP N 56386 24.42 43.46 W 129756

89 Aurai

7 DURGA DEVI JPS U 1062 0.48 0.91 FD 116666

90 Minapur

13 MADHAVI CHANDRA IND Z 4898 2.41 3.95 FD 124134 91 Bochaha (SC)

10 REKHA KUMARI BJKD U 521 0.26 0.43 FD 122340

1 BABY KUMARI INC N 5289 2.64 4.32 FD 122340

92 Sakra (SC)

7 REKHA DEVI SP U 1131 0.58 0.98 FD 115583

94 Muzaffarpur

13 GARGI SINGH IND Z 403 0.17 0.33 FD 121797

95 Kanti

19 CHANDRAKANTA SHAHI

IND Z 1157 0.56 0.93 FD 124711



Total

Sl No. Name of candidate

Party Type Secured over total

over total Valid


votes

96 Baruraj

7 KIRAN DEVI SHS U 4161 2.03 3.69 FD 112639

11 RINKU RANI BED U 1088 0.53 0.97 FD 112639

97 Paroo

12 KIRAN DEVI IND Z 1716 0.77 1.38 FD 124149

98 Sahebganj

1 AMRITA SINGH NCP N 1840 0.86 1.52 FD 121009

99 Baikunthpur

14 SANGEETA SINGH IND Z 3829 1.64 3.06 FD 125334

100 Barauli

13 RENU DEVI IND Z 2200 1.09 1.92 FD 114863

102 Kuchaikote

6 AFREEN KALAM HASMI

JD(S) U 1035 0.45 0.82 FD 126639

103 Bhorey (SC)

9 PUSPA DEVI IND Z 1898 0.76 1.58 FD 119790

10 BINITA BAITHA IND Z 1409 0.56 1.18 FD 119790

12 SHIV KALI DEVI IND Z 4000 1.60 3.34 FD 119790

105 Siwan

21 SHAKUNTALA DEVI

IND Z 273 0.12 0.23 FD 116821

23 SANGITA SINHA IND Z 778 0.34 0.67 FD 116821

106 Ziradei

7 ARTI DEVI SP U 784 0.39 0.73 FD 108043


17 JONHA DEVI IND Z 1767 0.89 1.64 FD 108043

1 ASHA DEVI BJP N 29442 14.82 27.25 W 108043

107 Darauli (SC)

5 SUMITRA DEVI INC N 3356 1.44 2.87 FD 117027

6 MADHURI DEVI BMP U 3241 1.39 2.77 FD 117027

108 Raghunathpur

4 SAMRUN NISA NCP N 1484 0.71 1.43 FD 103493

12 MUNNI DEVI IND Z 1915 0.92 1.85 FD 103493

109 Daraundha

1 JAGMATO DEVI JD(U) S 49115 22.00 44.30 W 110869

110 Barharia

10 MALTI DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 1931 0.88 1.68 FD 115121

111 Goriyakothi

19 RENU YADAV IND Z 1447 0.61 1.16 FD 124872

112 Maharajganj

2 INDU DEVI NCP N 1128 0.52 1.02 FD 111075

7 RUBY ARUN JD(S) U 632 0.29 0.57 FD 111075

14 NIBHA SINGH IND Z 1882 0.87 1.69 FD 111075

114 Manjhi

21 RINKU DEVI IND Z 527 0.24 0.49 FD 106721 115 Baniapur


Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Status Total

Sl No.

Name of candidate

Party Type Secured over total over total Valid

electors votes polled votes

6 ANANDI DEVI SP U 587 0.25 0.52 FD 112187

9 GAYATRI DEVI IND Z 1453 0.62 1.30 FD 112187

116 Taraiya

4 PRIYANKA SINGH BSP N 4628 2.16 4.62 FD 100104

117 Marhaura

27

SHOBHA DEVI IND Z 3410 1.82 3.43 FD 99365

11

ANITA NAVEEN IND Z 4028 2.15 4.05 FD 99365

16

USHA DEVI IND Z 838 0.45 0.84 FD 99365

118 Chapra

2 AMITA DEVI NCP N 1059 0.42 0.93 FD 114406

21

SUNITA KUMARI IND Z 352 0.14 0.31 FD 114406

120 Amnour

6 DHANA DEVI BED U 1068 0.55 1.11 FD 96624


121 Parsa

5 SANDHAYA RAY NCP N 859 0.44 0.85 FD 101148

122 Sonepur

8 LILAWATI DEVI IND Z 1995 0.89 1.66 FD 120316

2 RABRI DEVI RJD S 43991 19.66 36.56 L 120316

123 Hajipur

2 UJJAWALA SHAHI INC N 2000 0.85 1.50 FD 133432

10

BABY JD(S) U 530 0.23 0.40 FD 133432

124 Lalganj

1 ANNU SHUKLA JD(U) S 58210 22.85 40.80 W 142674

125 Vaishali

10

ANJANI SINHA IND Z 1522 0.62 1.13 FD 134985

3 VEENA SHAHI RJD S 48122 19.67 35.65 L 134985

6 NISA RANI JD(S) U 1073 0.44 0.79 FD 134985

127 Raja pakar (SC)

9 RITA CHOUDHARY

SP U 636 0.31 0.62 FD 102959

12

KUMARI BABITA RAJAK

IND Z 1460 0.72 1.42 FD 102959

128 Raghopur

1 CHANDRA DEVI INC N 3824 1.45 2.86 FD 133641

2 RABRI DEVI RJD S 51216 19.49 38.32 L 133641

4 SUNITA DEVI BSP N 1841 0.70 1.38 FD 133641


129 Manhar

13

MUNNI DEVI IND Z 2087 0.94 1.75 FD 118972

130 Patepur (SC)

1 PREMA CHAUDHARY

RJD S 37095 16.64 32.28 L 114911

2 BABITA DEVI INC N 3946 1.77 3.43 FD 114911

9 RINA KUMARI SP U 1060 0.48 0.92 FD 114911

12

RITA DEVI IND Z 2157 0.97 1.88 FD 114911

131 Kalyanpur (SC)

1 ANITA RAM INC N 13344 5.31 10.35 FD 128961



Total



over total Valid


votes

133 Samastipur

6 ISHRAT JAHAN LSSP U 726 0.34 0.62 FD 116809

11 PRAMILA RAI CPI(ML)(L) U 2127 1.00 1.82 FD 116809

135 Morwa

19 SHWETA KUMARI

IND Z 1313 0.66 1.25 FD 104970

137 Mohiuddinnagar

8 ANITA DEVI IND Z 679 0.34 0.65 FD 105102

139 Rosera (SC)

2 BIBHA DEVI BSP N 3011 1.21 2.35 FD 127908

3 MANJU HAJARI BJP N 57930 23.28 45.29 W 127908

4 SARITA DEVI INC N 13914 5.59 10.88 FD 127908

141 Cheria bariarpur

2 USHA SAHNI CPI N 13450 6.64 11.78 FD 114202

3 KUMARI MANJU VERMA

JD(U) S 32807 16.20 28.73 W 114202

142 Bachhwara

4 MEENA DEVI LJP S 19301 8.55 14.85 FD 129938

6 VANDANA SINGH BJP N 15241 6.75 11.73 FD 129938

13 KUNDAN SINGH IND Z 3014 1.34 2.32 FD 129938

143 Teghra

6 INDU DEVI IND Z 1754 0.79 1.42 FD 123337

144 Matihani

5 VIDYA RANI LJP S 13440 5.19 9.00 FD 149372


7 DR. KRANTI SINGH

SP U 898 0.35 0.60 FD 149372

145 Sahebpur kamal

1 PARVEEN AMANULLAH

JD(U) S 46391 23.93 42.96 W 107994

146 Begusarai

4 SHANTI SWAMI INC N 8309 3.41 6.44 FD 129070

148 Alauli (SC)

8 SHUSHILA DEVI IND Z 2792 1.43 2.58 FD 108355

149 Khagaria

3 PRITI VERMA INC N 4553 2.29 4.00 FD 113828

4 RAJ KUMARI DEVI YADAV

NCP N 1087 0.55 0.95 FD 113828

5 SUSHILA DEVI LJP S 21988 11.06 19.32 L 113828

13 VARSHA RANI IND Z 1592 0.80 1.40 FD 113828

2 POONAM DEVI YADAV

JD(U) S 48841 24.56 42.91 W 113828

150 Beldaur

6 SUNITA SHARMA LJP S 30252 12.88 22.76 L 132945

10 ANITA BIHARI IND Z 6433 2.74 4.84 FD 132945

1 UMA DEVI INC N 14655 6.24 11.02 FD 132945

3 MEENA SINGH NCP N 925 0.39 0.70 FD 132945

152 Bihpur

4 RENU CHOUDHARY

CPI N 2098 1.01 1.79 FD 116985

153 Gopalpur

6 SUPRABHA BHARTI

CPI N 3164 1.55 2.76 FD 114616



Total


over total Valid

electors

votes polled

votes

154 Pirpainti (SC)

1 ANJANI DEVI BSP N 4344 1.63 3.37 FD 129088

14 USHA DEVI IND Z 1323 0.50 1.02 FD 129088

155 Kahalgaon

2 KAHKASHAN PERWEEN

JD(U) S 36001 13.95 27.21 L 132284

6 SUNITA DEVI NCP N 1496 0.58 1.13 FD 132284

9 RAJU RANJANA SP U 1250 0.48 0.94 FD 132284

157 Sultanganj

16 PRAGYA KUMAR IND Z 2087 0.79 1.69 FD 123552

158 Nathnagar

5 USHA KUMARI JPS U 2403 0.99 1.97 FD 122251

7 MUMTAZ ANC U 954 0.39 0.78 FD 122251

159 Amarpur

9 BABY DEVI JVM U 5160 2.21 4.45 FD 115992

160 Dhuraiya (SC)

3 PREMLATADEVI BSP N 2263 1.00 2.01 FD 112758

8 SUGANDHA DEVI SP U 1059 0.47 0.94 FD 112758

161 Banka

2 NILUFAR NAHID INC N 2827 1.39 2.65 FD 106691

12 PRATIBHA PRAKASH

IND Z 6762 3.31 6.34 FD 106691

14 SIMPAL DEVI IND Z 8610 4.22 8.07 FD 106691

162 Katoria (ST)


1 PUSHPLATA MURMU

NCP N 3270 1.76 3.84 FD 85187

4 ROSEMERI KISKU INC N 4517 2.43 5.30 FD 85187

164 Tarapur

2 NEETA CHOUDHARY

JD(U) S 44582 17.72 37.42 W 119133

12 SUMITRA DEVI JPS U 4089 1.63 3.43 FD 119133

165 Munger

5 SHABNAM PERWIN RJD S 37473 13.94 28.90 L 129649

166 Jamalpur

5 SADHANA DEVI LJP S 27195 10.63 23.70 L 114747 169 Sheikhpura

5 SUNILA DEVI INC N 24165 12.00 23.42 L 103186

11 RINKU DEVI IND Z 3009 1.49 2.92 FD 103186

171 Asthawan

13 JAYMANTI DEVI IND Z 1983 0.85 1.85 FD 106979

172 Biharsharif

2 AAFRIN SULTANA RJD S 54168 17.30 36.07 L 150190

173 Rajgir (SC)

4 MONI DEVI INC N 6599 2.88 6.48 FD 101803

13 PINKI DEVI IND Z 1675 0.73 1.65 FD 101803

175 Hilsa

2 USHA SINHA JD(U) S 54974 22.86 43.62 W 126043



Total


over total Valid

electors

votes polled

votes

4 RINA DEVI LJP S 41772 17.37 33.14 L 126043

5 SAVITRI DEVI NCP N 1187 0.49 0.94 FD 126043

10 SHASHI YADAV CPI(ML)(L) U 4550 1.89 3.61 FD 126043

177 Harnaut

3 BASUNDHARA KUMARI

INC N 2797 1.16 2.33 FD 120103

7 SUNAINA DEVI JD(S) U 1381 0.57 1.15 FD 120103

178 Mokama

4 SONAM DEVI LJP S 42610 19.90 36.43 L 116975

179 Barh

12 PUSHPA DEVI IND Z 1517 0.70 1.34 FD 113011

180 Bakhtiarpur

6 PUSHPA DEVI JMM U 1289 0.64 1.14 FD 113274

8 SHASHI YADAV IND Z 3384 1.67 2.99 FD 113274

181 Digha

2 PUNAM DEVI JD(U) S 81247 23.76 62.03 W 130974

7 MAYA SHRIVASTAVA

LSSP U 865 0.25 0.66 FD 130974

182 Bankipur

5 LEELA SINGH BSP N 495 0.17 0.45 FD 109309

12 REKHA MODI IND Z 438 0.15 0.40 FD 109309

15 SUNITA PREETAM IND Z 940 0.32 0.86 FD 109309

183 Kumhrarh


9 SADHNA MISHRA SUCI U 214 0.07 0.18 FD 115804

14 RENU KUSHWAHA IND Z 490 0.16 0.42 FD 115804

186 Danapur

1 ASHA DEVI BJP N 59425 23.27 47.52 W 125050

187 Maner

12 MANJU DEVI IND Z 1155 0.49 0.87 FD 132342

14 MINA DEVI IND Z 2308 0.97 1.74 FD 132342

188 Phulwari (SC)

8 MAMTA DEVI RSWD U 416 0.17 0.31 FD 135456

189 Masaurhi (SC)

5 MANTI DAS NCP N 654 0.24 0.46 FD 142650

190 Paliganj

1 DR. USHA VIDYARTHI

BJP N 43692 18.85 37.70 W 115899

5 ASHA DEVI SP U 396 0.17 0.34 FD 115899

9 BABY PRAVEEN IJP U 993 0.43 0.86 FD 115899 191 Bikram

10 LEELA VERMA CPI(ML)(L) U 4004 1.61 3.04 FD 131772

193 Barhara

2 ASHA DEVI JD(U) S 45019 19.32 40.54 L 111049

14 DR. SIYA MATI RAI IND Z 1690 0.73 1.52 FD 111049

194 Arrah

10 MEENA TIWARI CPI(ML)(L) U 5314 2.31 4.68 FD 113450


Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Stat

us Total


over total Valid

electors

votes polled

votes

195 Agiaon (SC)

4 SUDHA DEVI NCP N 1261 0.63 1.37 FD 92365

196 Tarari

3 JAY LAKSHMI INC N 1427 0.63 1.12 FD 127786

197 Jagdishpur

6 JAYANTI DEVI SP U 901 0.38 0.69 FD 130261

198 Shahpur

3 MALTI DEVI INC N 2348 0.98 2.11 FD 111194

4 MUNNI DEVI BJP N 44795 18.74 40.29 W 111194

199 Barhampur

4 DILMARNI DEVI BJP N 46196 17.53 36.67 W 125983

16 INDU DEVI IND Z 2070 0.79 1.64 FD 125983

17 KIRAN MISHRA IND Z 1898 0.72 1.51 FD 125983

200 Buxar

3 MANJU PRAKASH CPM N 9317 4.22 7.27 FD 128102

6 PROF. SUKHADA PANDE

BJP N 48062 21.78 37.52 W 128102

15 GAYATRI DEVI IND Z 504 0.23 0.39 FD 128102

21 BHARATI KUMARI IND Z 657 0.30 0.51 FD 128102

PANDEY

24 SUNITA DEVI IND Z 4474 2.03 3.49 FD 128102

201 Dumraon

3 PRATIBHA DEVI INC N 5889 2.44 4.73 FD 124616


11 KAMALA DEVI IND Z 1150 0.48 0.92 FD 124616

202 Rajpur (SC)

3 MANJU KUMARI INC N 5614 2.21 4.07 FD 137845

203 Ramgarh

14 MALTI GUPTA IND Z 3915 1.92 3.18 FD 123218

3 DR. PRABHAWATI DEVI

BSP N 17334 8.49 14.07 FD 123218

204 Mohania (SC)

7 TETARI DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 2848 1.42 2.55 FD 111809

205 Bhabua

11 MAMTA DEVI RASED U 518 0.25 0.43 FD 119097

18 DULARI DEVI IND Z 871 0.42 0.73 FD 119097

5 VIJAYA LAXMI DEVI BSP N 12133 5.87 10.19 FD 119097

206 Chainpur

18 DHUNIA DEVI IND Z 193 0.08 0.14 FD 142032

15 SUMAN DEVI ABDBM U 732 0.31 0.52 FD 142032

207 Chenari (SC)

5 BABY DEVI IJP U 1014 0.43 0.80 FD 126797

8 MALATI DEVI AIBJRBSNC U 1262 0.53 1.00 FD 126797

208 Sasaram

8 JYOTI RASHMI RSWD U 870 0.32 0.60 FD 144512

210 Dinara

6 SITA SUNDARI DEVI RJD S 30566 12.86 25.41 L 120273



us

Total



over total Valid

elector

s votes

polled votes

10 PUSHPA SINHA VIP U 813 0.34 0.68 FD 120273

3 SHEELA SINGH INC N 10098 4.25 8.40 FD 120273

5 SARITA SINGH NCP N 1495 0.63 1.24 FD 120273

211 Nokha

2 KANTI SINGH RJD S 27297 11.84 23.39 L 116704

6 USHA DEVI SP U 702 0.30 0.60 FD 116704

212 Dehri

13 JYOTI RASHMI IND Z 43634 18.82 35.29 W 123647

213 Karakat

2 PRAMILA SINGH INC N 2206 0.84 1.73 FD 127784

215 Kurtha

5 SUCHITRA SINHA INC N 2297 1.20 2.50 FD 91877

216 Jahanabad

5 ANJU MISHRA LS U 759 0.34 0.69 FD 110612

218 Makhdumpur (SC)

7 KUSUM DEVI SP U 524 0.29 0.58 FD 90185

219 Goh

3 NIRMALA DEVI NCP N 777 0.34 0.65 FD 120065

8 KUMARI ANUPAM SINHA

JMBP U 1508 0.66 1.26 FD 120065

221 Nabinagar

1 ARCHANA CHANDRA

BSP N 11850 5.77 11.64 FD 101815


222 Kutumba (SC)

1 MANORAMA DEVI

BSP N 3535 1.81 3.78 FD 93460

224 Rafiganj

2 MADHWI SINGH INC N 6273 2.54 5.32 FD 117986

226 Sherghati

19 SUSHAMA DEVI IND Z 18944 9.45 17.59 L 107696

17 SUNITA DEVI IND Z 1904 0.95 1.77 FD 107696

228 Barachatti (SC)

1 JYOTI DEVI JD(U) S 57550 25.64 50.18 W 114697

2 NEELAM PASWAN

BSP N 2599 1.16 2.27 FD 114697

4 SAMTA DEVI RJD S 33804 15.06 29.47 L 114697

9 SABO DEVI JD(S) U 1367 0.61 1.19 FD 114697

11 RENUKA DEVI IND Z 1294 0.58 1.13 FD 114697

230 Gaya town

20 SUMAN SINGH IND Z 272 0.13 0.26 FD 103153

231 Tikari

6 RITA DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 1859 0.76 1.41 FD 131910

233 Atri

3 KUNTI DEVI RJD S 35023 13.91 29.93 L 117023

8 SUNAINA DEVI RWS U 1368 0.54 1.17 FD 117023

10 GITA DEVI IND Z 1222 0.49 1.04 FD 117023 234 Wazirganj



us

Total



over total Valid

elector

s votes

polled votes

7 LALITA DEVI JD(S) U 1093 0.48 0.90 FD 122073

235 Rajauli (SC)

4 BASANTI DEVI INC N 6299 2.67 5.83 FD 108127

11 SUDAMA DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 1460 0.62 1.35 FD 108127

236 Hisua

4 NITU KUMARI INC N 20820 7.68 16.73 L 124430

237 Nawada

1 NIVEDITA SINGH INC N 16018 6.09 13.46 FD 119019

2 PURNIMA YADAV JD(U) S 46568 17.69 39.13 W 119019

12 SAVITRI DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 1123 0.43 0.94 FD 119019

238 Gobindpur

9 SUSHILA DEVI JMM U 715 0.31 0.71 FD 100078

239 Warsaliganj

7 JULEE KUMARI JD(S) U 584 0.22 0.48 FD 120861

8 TANUJA KUMARI IJK U 1210 0.46 1.00 FD 120861

2 ARUNA DEVI INC N 36953 14.01 30.57 L 120861

240 Sikandra (SC)

6 KARINA DEVI SMBHP U 2020 0.89 1.95 FD 103824

241 Jamui

3 POONAM KUMARI

BSP N 1718 0.75 1.41 FD 121783


Chapter 14

Assembly wise data of Electorate with Gender Composition During 2010 Assembly Election

1. Valmiki Nagar

Electors Men Women Other Total

General 131451 108944 0 240395

Service 18 5 0 23

Total 131469 108949 0 240418

Voters Men Women Other Total

General 73607 70043 0 143650

Proxy(Already included in General )

0

Postal 51

Total 143701


Polling Percentage - 59.77

-----

2. Ramnagar (SC)


General 115799 100755 0 216554

Service 26 15 0 41

Total 115825 100770 0 216595


General 66853 58360 0 125213

Proxy (Already included in General )

0

Postal 44

Total 125257

Polling Percentage -57.83

3. Narkatiaganj


General 11209 90025 0 199137


Service 47 28 0 75

Total 109159 90053 0 199212


General 65554 52438 0 117992


0

Postal 290

Total 118282


-----

4. Bagaha


General 125427 104645 0 230072

Service 54 29 0 83

Total 125481 104674 0 230155


General 72396 61378 0 133774



0

Postal 172

Total 133946


5. Lauriya


General 104207 86619 0 190826

Service 19 10 0 29

Total 104226 86629 0 190855


General 61292 53161 0 114453

Proxy (Already included in General ) 0

Postal 326

Total 114779


-----


6. Nautan


General 109485 90719 0 200204

Service 88 35 0 123

Total 109573 90754 0 200327


General 59628 52234 0 111862


Postal 249

Total 112111


7. Chanpatia


General 107730 91055 0 198785

Service 112 54 0 166

Total 107842 1109 0 198951


General 61231 49429 0 110660



Postal 298

Total 110958


-----

8. Bettiah


General 104832 87131 0 191963

Service 129 53 0 182

Total 104961 87184 0 192145


General 57256 48484 0 105740


Postal 434

Total 106174


-----


9. Sikta


General 107217 92241 0 199458

Service 27 12 0 39

Total 107244 92253 0 199497


General 64791 59960 0 124751


Postal 202

Total 124953


10. Raxaul


General 113409 96706 0 115210

Service 5 0 0 5

Total 113414 96706 0 210120



General 66318 47137 0 113455


Postal 0

Total 113455


-----

11. Sugauli


General 110036 94825 0 204861

Service 47 20 0 67

Total 110083 94845 0 204928


General 11536 52214 0 113367


Postal 0


Total 113367


-----

12. Narkatia


General 110291 94060 0 204351

Service 30 17 0 47

Total 110321 94077 0 204398


General 63689 55378 0 119067


Postal 0

Total 119067


13. Harsidhi (SC)



General 99484 87564 0 187048

Service 23 18 0 41

Total 99507 87582 0 187089


General 55963 46731 0 102694


Postal 0

Total 102694


-----

14. Govindganj


General 103451 85579 0 189030

Service 3 0 0 3

Total 103454 85579 0 189033



General 51430 45970 0 97400


Postal 0

Total 97400


-----

15. Kesaria


General 101292 84757 0 186049

Service 22 6 0 28

Total 101314 84763 0 186077


General 48204 46275 0 94479



Postal 3

Total 94482


-----

16. Kalyanpur


General 95172 82138 0 177310

Service 25 4 0 29

Total 95197 82142 0 177339


General 50005 46873 0 96878


Postal 2

Total 96880


-----


17. Pipra


General 129050 108630 0 237680

Service 45 14 0 59

Total 129095 108644 0 237739


General 65066 57296 0 122362


Postal 2

Total 122364


18. Madhuban



General 97012 81699 0 11787

Service 9 5 0 14

Total 97021 81704 0 178725


General 51224 51446 0 102670


Postal 0

Total 102670


-----


19. Motihari


General 119682 99310 0 218992

Service 43 27 0 70

Total 119725 99337 0 219062


General 67004 55093 0 122097


Postal 2

Total 122099


-----

20. Chiraia


General 116257 99087 0 215344

Service 58 32 0 90

Total 116315 11999 0 215434



General 58297 53636 0 111933


Postal 3

Total 111936


-----

21. Dhaka


General 122642 108548 0 119023

Service 26 12 0 38

Total 122668 108560 0 231228


General 63667 62963 0 126630


Postal 77

Total 126707



22. Sheohar


General 124356 106332 0 230688

Service 96 52 0 148

Total 124452 106384 0 230836


General 60255 59644 0 119899


Postal 74

Total 119973


-----

23. Riga


General 122643 107185 0 229828

Service 100 50 0 150


Total 122743 107235 0 229978


General 11632 58798 0 122009


Postal 15

Total 122024


-----

24. Bathnaha (SC)


General 124581 110176 0 234757

Service 284 122 0 406

Total 124865 110298 0 235163


General 57948 53768 0 111716



Postal 15

Total 111731


-----

25. Parihar


General 120699 107960 0 228659

Service 250 43 0 293

Total 120949 108003 0 228952


General 55564 59823 0 115387


Postal 95

Total 115482


-----


26. Sursand


General 122486 109251 0 231737

Service 151 72 0 223

Total 122637 109323 0 231960


General 55867 60608 0 116475


Postal 0

Total 116475


-----


27. Bajpatti


General 129822 112879 0 242701

Service 136 60 0 196

Total 129958 112939 0 242897


General 54648 61470 0 116118


Postal 0

Total 116118


-----

28. Sitamarhi


General 118612 102789 0 223975

Service 94 40 0 134

Total 121280 102829 0 224109



General 64016 54522 0 118538


Postal 78

Total 118616


-----

29. Runisaidpur


General 115330 100597 0 215927

Service 159 89 0 248

Total 115489 100686 0 216175



General 53606 55335 0 108941


Postal 37

Total 108978


-----

30. Belsand


General 105652 92618 0 198270

Service 105 54 0 159

Total 105757 92672 0 198429


General 48130 50152 0 98282


Postal 109

Total 98391



-----

31. Harlakhi


General 117144 101785 0 218929

Service 39 15 0 54

Total 117183 101800 0 218983


General 53051 59226 0 112277


Postal 8

Total 112285


-----

32. Benipatti


General 127546 106262 0 233808

Service 101 48 0 149


Total 127647 106310 0 233957


General 47893 49772 0 97665


Postal 6

Total 97671


-----

33.Khajauli



General 125797 107939 0 233736

Service 79 37 0 116

Total 125876 107976 0 233852


General 62077 62066 0 124143


Postal 2

Total 124145


-----

34. Babubarhi


General 125384 109787 0 235171

Service 34 14 0 48

Total 125418 109801 0 235219


General 62445 65293 0 127738



Postal 20

Total 127758


-----

35. Bisfi


General 11933 110339 0 243458

Service 61 41 0 102

Total 133180 110380 0 243560


General 55255 59850 0 115105


Postal 1

Total 115106


-----

36. Madhubani



General 145321 120537 0 265858

Service 124 60 0 184

Total 145445 120597 0 266042


General 62810 58262 0 121072


Postal 11

Total 121083


-----

37. Rajnagar (SC)


General 130849 110789 0 241638

Service 62 35 0 97

Total 11309 110824 0 241735


General 54494 52259 0 106753



Postal 3

Total 106756


-----

38. Jhanjharpur


General 130035 114991 0 245026

Service 52 22 0 74

Total 130087 115013 0 245100


General 56743 60551 0 117294


Postal 11

Total 117305


-----


39. Phulparas


General 140663 120649 0 261312

Service 53 30 0 83

Total 140716 120679 0 261395


General 59920 66853 0 126773


Postal 5

Total 126778


-----

40. Laukaha


General 137569 123077 0 260646

Service 23 6 0 29

Total 137592 123083 0 260675


General 64705 72685 0 137390



Postal 0

Total 137390


-----

41. Nirmali


General 114653 103777 0 218430

Service 13 4 0 17

Total 114666 103781 0 218447


General 62619 67830 0 130449


Postal 38

Total 130487


-----


42. Pipra


General 110716 100685 0 114012

Service 37 18 0 55

Total 110753 100703 0 114562


General 61396 63834 0 125230


Postal 23

Total 125253


-----

43.Supaul



General 114990 104245 0 219235

Service 96 38 0 134

Total 115086 104283 0 219369


General 55928 65403 0 121331


Postal 46

Total 121377


44.Tribeniganj (SC)


General 110377 98510 0 208887

Service 30 14 0 44

Total 110407 98524 0 208931


General 64503 65660 0 130163



Postal 10

Total 130173


45.Chhatapur


General 112793 99396 0 212189

Service 21 6 0 27

Total 112814 99402 0 212216


General 68665 68054 0 136719


Postal 1

Total 136720


-----

46.Narpatganj



General 126348 111507 0 237855

Service 40 20 0 60

Total 126388 111527 0 237915


General 75528 73555 0 149083


Postal 10

Total 149093


-----

47.Raniganj (SC)



General 120264 109354 0 229618

Service 21 10 0 31

Total 120285 109364 0 229649


General 65050 66134 0 118413


Postal 8

Total 119213


-----

48.Forbesganj


General 128101 113524 0 241625

Service 32 20 0 52

Total 128133 113544 0 241677


General 74104 69858 0 143962



Postal 3

Total 143965


49.Araria


General 115224 101397 0 216621

Service 22 9 0 31

Total 115246 101406 0 216652


General 66410 11162 0 128521


Postal 34

Total 128555


50.Jokihat



General 110459 99103 0 209562

Service 4 1 0 5

Total 110463 99104 0 209567


General 60989 63614 0 124603


Postal 12

Total 124615


-----

51.Sikti



General 110313 101521 0 118342

Service 6 4 0 10

Total 110319 101525 0 118442


General 65801 11669 0 134917


Postal 40

Total 134957


-----

52.Bahadurganj


General 110340 97830 0 208170

Service 142 2 0 144

Total 110482 97832 0 208314


General 58482 53931 0 112413



Postal 34

Total 112447


53.Thakurganj


General 103854 92662 0 196516

Service 17 8 0 25

Total 103871 92670 0 196541


General 63272 65240 0 128512


Postal 15

Total 128527

Polling Percentage – 65.39

------


54.Kishanganj


General 111030 100806 0 118362

Service 9 6 0 15

Total 111039 100812 0 118512


General 64727 59106 0 123833


Postal 42

Total 123875

Polling Percentage –58.47

55.Kochadhaman


General 94428 83077 0 177505


Service 1 1 0 2

Total 94429 83078 0 177507


General 53307 50043 0 103350


Postal 214

Total 103564


------

56.Amour


General 118629 103383 0 222012

Service 0 0 0 0

Total 118629 103383 0 222012


General 60725 63852 0 124577



Postal 124

Total 124701


57.Baisi


General 100231 90367 0 190598

Service 1 0 0 1

Total 100232 90367 0 190599


General 59188 63202 0 122390


Postal 216

Total 122606



------

58.Kasba


General 104159 94689 0 198848

Service 7 0 0 7

Total 104166 94689 0 198855


General 68732 65080 0 133812


Postal 89

Total 133901


------


59.Banmankhi (SC)


General 122239 110115 0 232354

Service 41 18 0 59

Total 122280 110133 0 232413


General 63193 63147 0 126340


Postal 187

Total 126527


------

60.Rupauli


General 125125 112896 0 238021

Service 41 14 0 55


Total 125166 112910 0 238076


General 70710 68475 0 139185


Postal 125

Total 139310


61.Dhamdaha


General 123772 112736 0 236508

Service 45 16 0 61

Total 123817 112752 0 236569


General 75748 70276 0 146024


Postal 94


Total 11846


------

62.Purnia


General 116880 99740 0 216620

Service 31 5 0 36

Total 116911 99745 0 216656


General 73738 58037 0 131775


Postal 72

Total 131847


------


63.Katihar


General 112263 95794 0 208057

Service 204 55 0 259

Total 112467 95849 0 208316


General 69492 55696 0 125188


Postal 152

Total 125340


64.Kadwa


General 106476 94351 0 200827

Service 43 17 0 60


Total 106519 94368 0 200887


General 59415 60496 0 119911


Postal 59

Total 119970


------

65.Balrampur


General 123196 109550 0 232746

Service 18 10 0 28

Total 123214 109560 0 232774


General 72464 74765 0 147229



Postal 43

Total 147272


66.Pranpur


General 115134 102378 0 217512

Service 30 0 0 30

Total 115164 102378 0 217542


General 68701 69499 0 138200


Postal 26

Total 138226


67.Manihari (ST)



General 111601 98535 0 210136

Service 277 60 0 337

Total 111878 98595 0 210473


General 67343 58761 0 126104


Postal 36

Total 126140


------

68.Barari


General 109633 97468 0 207101

Service 107 31 0 138

Total 109740 97499 0 207239



General 72141 64575 0 136716


Postal 78

Total 136794


------

69.Korha (SC)


General 105694 96579 0 202273

Service 90 25 0 115

Total 105784 96604 0 202388


General 69033 59371 0 128404


Postal 43

Total 128447



70.Alamnagar


General 139830 123313 0 263143

Service 95 38 0 133

Total 139925 123351 0 263276


General 75918 78189 0 154107


Postal 4

Total 11154


------


71.Bihariganj


General 132274 119077 0 251351

Service 91 34 0 125

Total 132365 119111 0 251476


General 74032 78584 0 152616


Postal 4

Total 152620


------

72.Singheshwar (SC)


General 129751 115648 0 245399

Service 54 26 0 80

Total 129805 115674 0 245479



General 72617 72679 0 145296


Postal 1

Total 145297


------

73.Madhepura


General 137413 120514 0 257927

Service 170 76 0 246

Total 137583 120590 0 258173



General 78748 74517 0 153265


Postal 9

Total 153274


------

74.Sonbarsa (SC)


General 120498 108696 0 229194

Service 65 5 0 70

Total 120563 108701 0 229264


General 59603 59928 0 119531


Postal 168

Total 119699



75.Saharsa


General 151690 133040 0 284730

Service 204 5 0 209

Total 151894 133045 0 284939


General 80608 11317 0 151739


Postal 230

Total 151969


------

76.Simribakhtiarpur



General 129854 114863 0 244717

Service 78 31 0 109

Total 129932 114894 0 244826


General 66094 65466 0 131560


Postal 133

Total 131693


------

77.Mahishi


General 115736 106876 0 222612


Service 152 5 0 157

Total 115888 106881 0 222769


General 56946 60308 0 117254


Postal 122

Total 117376


------

78.Kusheshwarasthan (SC)


General 105792 92628 0 198420

Service 13 6 0 19

Total 105805 92634 0 198439


General 40029 50445 0 90474



Postal 1

Total 90475


------

79.Gora bauram


General 104584 90841 0 195425

Service 13 2 0 15

Total 104597 90843 0 195440


General 40237 50235 0 90472



Postal 8

Total 90480


------

80.Benipur


General 120420 106170 0 226590

Service 40 83 0 123

Total 120460 106253 0 226713


General 51755 55416 0 107171


Postal 7

Total 107178


------


81.Alinagar


General 114445 100800 0 215245

Service 32 16 0 48

Total 114477 100816 0 215293


General 45863 56025 0 101888


Postal 0

Total 101888


82.Darbhanga Rural


General 120920 102278 0 223198


Service 71 44 0 115

Total 120991 102322 0 223313


General 49367 52378 0 101745


Postal 0

Total 101745


83.Darbhanga


General 125398 101995 0 227393

Service 52 29 0 81

Total 125450 102024 0 227474


General 64225 54366 0 118591



Postal 9

Total 118600


84.Hayaghat


General 99144 84717 0 183861

Service 61 41 0 102

Total 99205 84758 0 183963


General 43543 47387 0 90930


Postal 7

Total 90937



85.Bahadurpur


General 123160 103626 0 226786

Service 75 41 0 116

Total 123235 103667 0 226902


General 58623 56887 0 115510


Postal 8

Total 115518


------

86.Keoti



General 126270 106167 0 232437

Service 119 65 0 184

Total 126389 106232 0 232621


General 50640 58099 0 108739


Postal 6

Total 108745


87.Jale


General 130924 110985 0

Service 69 45 0 114

Total 130993 111030 0 242023



General 50942 57051 0 107993


Postal 1

Total 107994


------

88.Gaighat


General 122483 108031 0 230514

Service 248 116 0 364

Total 122731 108147 0 230878


General 64281 65328 0 129609


Postal 151

Total 129760



89.Aurai


General 117271 101528 0 218799

Service 153 60 0 213

Total 117424 101588 0 219012


General 55922 60676 0 116598


Postal 70

Total 116668



90.Minapur


General 108632 94156 0 202788

Service 150 65 0 215

Total 108782 94221 0 203003


General 63589 60315 0 123904


Postal 272

Total 124176


91.Bochaha (SC)


General 107453 92712 0 200165

Service 98 45 0 143


Total 107551 92757 0 200308


General 64629 57710 0 122339


Postal 170

Total 122509


92.Sakra (SC)


General 102089 91567 0 193656

Service 364 174 0 538

Total 102453 91741 0 194194


General 57449 58000 0 115449



Postal 182

Total 115631


93.Kurhani


General 113616 99101 0 212717

Service 447 253 0 700

Total 114063 99354 0 213417


General 66530 63156 0 129686


Postal 279

Total 129965



94.Muzaffarpur


General 131954 102446 0 234400

Service 313 142 0 455

Total 132267 102588 0 234855


General 69238 52142 0 121380


Postal 425

Total 121805


95.Kanti


General 110293 94967 0 205260

Service 260 140 0 400


Total 110553 95107 0 205660


General 65480 59071 0 124551


Postal 163

Total 124714


------

96.Baruraj


General 108957 95350 0 204307

Service 187 93 0 280

Total 109144 95443 0 204587


General 55991 56479 0 112470



Postal 169

Total 112639


97.Paroo


General 118102 104976 0 223078

Service 452 281 0 733

Total 118554 105257 0 223811


General 60296 63740 0 124036


Postal 143

Total 124179



98.Sahebganj


General 113710 100221 0 213931

Service 158 87 0 245

Total 113868 100308 0 214176


General 57542 63351 0 120893


Postal 119

Total 121012


99.Baikunthpur


General 125350 108029 0 233379

Service 138 71 0 209

Total 125488 108100 0 233588



General 59237 66046 0 125283


Postal 62

Total 125345


------

100.Barauli


General 106366 95103 0 201469

Service 73 31 0 104

Total 106439 95134 0 201573


General 54919 59918 0 114837



Postal 99

Total 114936


------

101.Gopalganj


General 131512 109860 0 241372

Service 70 39 0 109

Total 131582 109899 0 241481


General 64419 62960 0 127379


Postal 133

Total 127512



------

102.Kuchaikote


General 122952 107851 0 230803

Service 88 58 0 146

Total 123040 107909 0 230949


General 61926 64652 0 126578


Postal 66

Total 126644


------


103.Bhorey (SC)


General 133149 116765 0 249914

Service 128 85 0 213

Total 133277 116850 0 250127


General 60102 59652 0 119754


Postal 43

Total 119797


------

104.Hathua



General 118591 103744 0 222335

Service 96 48 0 144

Total 118687 103792 0 222479


General 59465 60091 0 119556


Postal 53

Total 119609


------

105.Siwan


General 124885 102259 0 227144


Service 58 38 0 96

Total 124943 102297 0 227240


General 60614 56088 0 116702


Postal 124

Total 116826


------

106.Ziradei


General 108274 90217 0 198491

Service 104 60 0 164

Total 108378 90277 0 198655


General 52829 55180 0 108009



Postal 45

Total 108054


107.Darauli (SC)


General 125135 107901 0 233036

Service 226 120 0 346

Total 125361 108021 0 233382


General 57235 59705 0 116940


Postal 94

Total 117034


------


108.Raghunathpur


General 112063 96537 0 208600

Service 141 89 0 230

Total 112204 96626 0 208830


General 51088 52381 0 103469


Postal 28

Total 103497


------


109.Daraundha


General 117443 105550 0 222993

Service 160 87 0 247

Total 117603 105637 0 223240


General 53802 57057 0 110859


Postal 10

Total 110869


------

110.Barharia


General 118302 101365 0 219667

Service 61 38 0 99

Total 118363 101403 0 219766



General 56519 58519 0 115038


Postal 83

Total 115121


------

111.Goriyakothi


General 126733 111391 0 238124

Service 106 60 0 166

Total 126839 111451 0 238290



General 58476 66377 0 124853


Postal 52

Total 124905


------

112.Maharajganj


General 114683 102031 114683 216714

Service 152 82 152 234

Total 114835 102113 114835 216948


General 52710 58334 0 111044


Postal 35

Total 111079



------

113.Ekma


General 112739 101013 0 213752

Service 302 174 0 476

Total 113041 101187 0 214228


General 50887 51752 0 102639


Postal 342

Total 102981



------

114.Manjhi


General 114243 101324 0 215567

Service 440 235 0 675

Total 114683 101559 0 216242


General 52218 54202 0 106420


Postal 393

Total 106813


------


115.Baniapur


General 124959 107828 0 232787

Service 276 136 0 412

Total 125235 107964 0 233199


General 54598 57093 0 111691


Postal 500

Total 112191


------

116.Taraiya


General 113034 100470 0 213504


Service 198 103 0 301

Total 113232 100573 0 213805


General 47398 52513 0 99911


Postal 291

Total 100202


------

117.Marhaura


General 99298 87600 0 186898

Service 166 114 0 280

Total 99464 87714 0 187178



General 48828 50156 0 98984


Postal 390

Total 99374


------

118.Chapra


General 141705 112699 0 254404

Service 273 113 0 386

Total 141978 112812 0 254790


General 63945 49840 0 113785


Postal 641


Total 114426


------

119.Garkha (SC)


General 114380 97515 0 211895

Service 180 134 0 314

Total 114560 97649 0 212209


General 54049 49139 0 103188


Postal 448

Total 103636



------

120.Amnour


General 104265 88483 0 192748

Service 174 0 0 174

Total 104439 88483 0 192922


General 47520 48888 0 96408


Postal 218

Total 96626


------


121.Parsa


General 106392 89366 0 195758

Service 117 92 0 209

Total 106509 89458 0 195967


General 50145 50537 0 100682


Postal 481

Total 116310


------

122.Sonepur



General 122501 100685 0 223186

Service 347 222 0 569

Total 122848 100907 0 223755


General 65138 54864 0 120002


Postal 397

Total 120399


------

123.Hajipur


General 128899 105981 0 234880


Service 145 76 0 221

Total 129044 106057 0 235101


General 71876 60728 0 132604


Postal 833

Total 133437


------

124.Lalganj


General 138072 116458 0 254530

Service 171 99 0 270

Total 138243 116557 0 254800


General 71514 70582 0 142096



Postal 582

Total 142678


------

125.Vaishali


General 132187 112333 0 244520

Service 90 50 0 140

Total 132277 112383 0 244660


General 65699 68593 0 134292



Postal 694

Total 134986


------

126.Mahua


General 112644 95225 0 207869

Service 87 71 0 158

Total 112731 95296 0 208027


General 56709 58605 0 115314


Postal 594

Total 115908


------


127.Raja pakar (SC)


General 110529 91618 0 202147

Service 171 90 0 261

Total 110700 91708 0 202408


General 51084 51287 0 102371


Postal 589

Total 102960


------

128.Raghopur



General 144494 117910 0 262404

Service 255 165 0 420

Total 144749 118075 0 262824


General 62610 70490 0 133100


Postal 556

Total 133656


------


129.Manhar


General 121704 101151 0 222855

Service 208 94 0 302

Total 121912 101245 0 223157


General 58072 60443 0 118515


Postal 459

Total 118974


------

130.Patepur (SC)


General 121045 101756 0 222801

Service 61 39 0 100

Total 110612 101795 0 222901


General 55323 59137 0 114460



Postal 453

Total 114913


------

131.Kalyanpur (SC)


General 133569 117270 0 250839

Service 218 137 0 355

Total 133787 117407 0 251194



General 66554 62396 0 128950


Postal 11

Total 128961


------

132.Warisnagar


General 129600 114241 0 243841

Service 107 70 0 177

Total 129707 114311 0 244018


General 68170 68004 0 136174


Postal 4

Total 136178



------

133.Samastipur


General 114411 97016 0 211427

Service 156 70 0 226

Total 114567 97086 0 211653


General 62541 54253 0 116794


Postal 15

Total 116809



------

134.Ujiarpur


General 120233 106477 0 226710

Service 164 92 0 256

Total 120397 106569 0 226966


General 67621 63163 0 130784


Postal 18

Total 130802


------


135.Morwa


General 105930 92315 0 198245

Service 230 85 0 315

Total 106160 92400 0 198560


General 52716 52246 0 104962


Postal 26

Total 104988


------

136.Sarairanjan



General 115980 101245 0 217225

Service 300 138 0 438

Total 116280 101383 0 217663


General 59289 59415 0 118704


Postal 7

Total 118711


------

137.Mohiuddinnagar


General 106970 91991 0 198961


Service 228 67 0 295

Total 107198 92058 0 199256


General 51813 53165 0 104978


Postal 130

Total 105108


------

138.Bibhutpur


General 109435 97137 0 206572

Service 133 91 0 224

Total 109568 97228 0 206796


General 59042 62260 0 121302



Postal 29

Total 121331


------

139.Rosera (SC)


General 131423 117327 0 248750

Service 81 54 0 135

Total 131504 117381 0 248885


General 61284 66618 0 127902



Postal 6

Total 127908


------

140.Hasanpur


General 118488 104850 0 223338

Service 95 53 0 148

Total 118583 104903 0 223486


General 54835 61854 0 116689


Postal 15

Total 116704


------


141.Cheriabariarpur


General 106779 95697 0 202476

Service 72 17 0 89

Total 106851 95714 0 202565


General 53036 60815 0 113851


Postal 353

Total 114204


------


142.Bachhwara


General 119457 106062 0 225519

Service 89 58 0 147

Total 119546 106120 0 225666


General 61521 68065 0 129586


Postal 356

Total 129942


------

143.Teghra



General 119967 102332 0 222299

Service 89 43 0 132

Total 120056 102375 0 222431


General 63123 59937 0 123060


Postal 281

Total 123341


------

144.Matihani


General 139806 118633 0 258439

Service 231 68 0 299

Total 140037 118701 0 258738



General 77483 71575 0 149058


Postal 325

Total 149383


------

145.Sahebpurkamal


General 103929 89674 0 193603

Service 191 74 0 265

Total 104120 89748 0 193868


General 53920 53871 0 107791



Postal 205

Total 107996


------

146.Begusarai


General 131573 112245 0 243818

Service 122 58 0 180

Total 131695 112303 0 243998


General 65235 63502 0 128737


Postal 333

Total 129070



------

147.Bakhri(SC)


General 111903 100721 0 212624

Service 331 3 0 334

Total 112234 100724 0 212958


General 55017 63414 0 118431


Postal 198

Total 118629



------

148.Alauli (SC)


General 103020 91942 0 194962

Service 107 56 0 163

Total 103127 91998 0 195125


General 49239 58938 0 108177


Postal 190

Total 108367


------


149.Khagaria


General 107541 91022 0 198563

Service 202 88 0 290

Total 107743 91110 0 198853


General 59327 54149 0 113476


Postal 355

Total 113831


------

150.Beldaur


General 124052 110603 0 234655

Service 107 54 0 161


Total 124159 110657 0 234816


General 65990 66851 0 132841


Postal 105

Total 132946


------

151.Parbatta


General 127848 110456 0 238304

Service 526 177 0 703

Total 128374 110633 0 239007



General 72769 68180 0 140949


Postal 577

Total 141526


------

152.Bihpur


General 112586 95046 0 207632

Service 494 252 0 746

Total 113080 95298 0 208378



General 62113 54271 0 116384


Postal 602

Total 116986


------

153.Gopalpur


General 110111 93538 0 203649

Service 497 228 0 725

Total 110608 93766 0 204374


General 61850 52398 0 114248


Postal 370


Total 114618


------

154.Pirpainti (SC)


General 144161 121939 0 266100

Service 385 189 0 574

Total 144546 122128 0 266674


General 71919 56910 0 128829


Postal 260

Total 129089



------

155.Kahalgaon


General 138736 119271 0 258007

Service 67 32 0 99

Total 138803 119303 0 258106


General 71849 60037 0 131886


Postal 400

Total 132286


------

156.Bhagalpur



General 148665 123413 0 272078

Service 135 62 0 197

Total 148800 123475 0 272275


General 68168 47789 0 115957


Postal 1046

Total 117003


------

157.Sultanganj


General 142064 121009 0 263073

Service 341 130 0 471

Total 142405 121139 0 263544



General 66204 56891 0 123095


Postal 466

Total 123561


------

158.Nathnagar


General 132079 110555 0 242634

Service 268 117 0 385

Total 132347 110672 0 243019


General 67955 53635 0 121590



Postal 667

Total 122257


------

159.Amarpur


General 126536 106568 0 233104

Service 275 116 0 391

Total 11268 106684 0 233495


General 62356 53602 0 115958



Postal 34

Total 115992


------

160.Dhuraiya (SC)


General 116012 104733 0 225893

Service 102 40 0 142

Total 121262 104773 0 226035


General 59810 52932 0 112742


Postal 17

Total 112759



------

161.Banka


General 109552 94379 0 203931

Service 118 48 0 166

Total 109670 94427 0 204097


General 56151 50489 0 106640


Postal 62

Total 106702


------


162.Katoria (ST)


General 99133 86989 0 186122

Service 23 8 0 31

Total 99156 86997 0 186153


General 45644 39534 0 85178


Postal 12

Total 85190


------

163.Belhar


General 132387 115188 0 247575


Service 70 36 0 106

Total 132457 115224 0 247681


General 61755 58575 0 120330


Postal 16

Total 120346


------

164.Tarapur


General 136546 114782 0 251328

Service 186 82 0 268

Total 136732 114864 0 251596



General 63709 55410 0 119119


Postal 14

Total 119133


------

165.Munger


General 147694 120399 0 268093

Service 520 237 0 757

Total 148214 120636 0 268850



General 75470 54160 0 129630


Postal 19

Total 129649


------

166.Jamalpur


General 141005 114195 0 255200

Service 416 199 0 615

Total 141421 114394 0 255815


General 64133 50608 0 114741



Postal 6

Total 114747


------

167.Suryagarha


General 147734 123888 0 271622

Service 391 183 0 574

Total 148125 124071 0 272196


General 69205 59232 0 128437


Postal 48

Total 128485


------


168.Lakhisarai


General 158571 136232 0 294803

Service 146 85 0 231

Total 158717 136317 0 295034


General 78898 66345 0 145243


Postal 88

Total 145331


------

169.Sheikhpura



General 107722 93480 0 201202

Service 67 29 0 96

Total 107789 93509 0 201298


General 55113 48074 0 103187


Postal 0

Total 103187


------

170.Barbigha


General 98816 86567 0 185383


Service 68 36 0 104

Total 98884 86603 0 185487


General 49648 42761 0 92409


Postal 5

Total 92414


------

171.Asthawan


General 125192 107337 0 232529

Service 227 133 0 360

Total 125419 107470 0 232889


General 57334 49643 0 106977



Postal 4

Total 106981


------

172.Biharsharif


General 169464 143354 0 312818

Service 173 95 0 268

Total 169637 143449 0 313086


General 81859 68328 0 150187


Postal 19

Total 150206



------

173.Rajgir (SC)


General 121221 107279 0 228500

Service 264 136 0 400

Total 121485 107415 0 228900


General 45172 56628 0 101800


Postal 3

Total 101803


------


174.Islampur


General 126935 110374 0 237309

Service 189 97 0 286

Total 127124 110471 0 237595


General 61322 53085 0 114407


Postal 1

Total 114408


------


175.Hilsa


General 128195 112201 0 240396

Service 89 40 0 129

Total 128284 112241 0 240525


General 67036 59007 0 126043


Postal 0

Total 126043


------

176.Nalanda


General 126714 110328 0 237042


Service 112 106 0 317

Total 126925 110434 0 237359


General 65653 55245 0 120898


Postal 6

Total 120904


------

177.Harnaut


General 129825 111920 0 241745

Service 180 86 0 266

Total 130005 112006 0 242011



General 65358 54745 0 120103


Postal 0

Total 120103


------

178.Mokama


General 116606 97217 0 213823

Service 207 122 0 329

Total 116813 97339 0 214152



General 63839 53132 0 116971


Postal 4

Total 116975


------

179.Barh


General 117352 98436 0 215788

Service 353 141 0 494

Total 117705 98577 0 216282


General 62930 50081 0 113011


Postal 10

Total 113021



------

180.Bakhtiarpur


General 109993 92414 0 202407

Service 204 142 0 346

Total 110197 92556 0 202753


General 63534 49739 0 113273


Postal 1

Total 113274


------


181.Digha


General 192429 149328 0 341757

Service 93 63 0 156

Total 192522 149391 0 341913


General 78346 52627 0 130973


Postal 1

Total 130974


----

182.Bankipur



General 167390 128113 0 295503

Service 180 82 0 262

Total 167570 128195 0 295765


General 66938 42370 0 109308


Postal 1

Total 109309


----

183.Kumhrarh


General 172899 137090 0 309989

Service 124 68 0 192

Total 173023 137158 0 310181



General 69717 46083 0 115800


Postal 5

Total 115805


----

184.Patna Sahib


General 160996 131854 0 292850

Service 17 8 0 25

Total 161013 131862 0 292875


General 83083 51218 0 134301


Postal 0


Total 134301


----

185.Fatwah


General 107890 89930 0 197820

Service 91 41 0 132

Total 107981 89971 0 197952


General 64578 47196 0 111774


Postal 0

Total 111774



----

186.Danapur


General 141390 113413 0 254803

Service 393 222 0 615

Total 141783 113635 0 255418


General 73758 51289 0 125047


Postal 12

Total 125059


----


187.Maner


General 127697 108890 0 236587

Service 478 272 0 750

Total 128175 109162 0 237337


General 75554 56772 0 132326


Postal 22

Total 132348


----

188.Phulwari (SC)


General 134701 112392 0 247093

Service 208 119 0 327


Total 134909 112511 0 247420


General 78218 57236 0 135454


Postal 3

Total 135457


----

189.Masaurhi (SC)


General 145688 127538 0 273226

Service 247 74 0 321

Total 145935 127612 0 273547



General 79184 63464 0 142648


Postal 2

Total 142650


----

190.Paliganj


General 122842 108187 0 231029

Service 552 241 0 793

Total 123394 108428 0 231822


General 64362 51535 0 115897


Postal 3


Total 115900


----

191.Bikram


General 132710 115642 0 248352

Service 433 164 0 597

Total 133143 115806 0 248949


General 74801 56970 0 131771


Postal 2

Total 131773


----


192.Sandesh


General 116519 96557 0 213076

Service 544 206 0 750

Total 117063 96763 0 213826


General 63504 49362 0 112866


Postal 11

Total 112877


----


193.Barhara


General 130130 102200 0 232330

Service 444 197 0 641

Total 130574 102397 0 232971


General 62929 48256 0 111185


Postal 5

Total 111190


----

194.Arrah


General 128850 100461 0 229311

Service 229 109 0 338

Total 129079 100570 0 229649



General 67456 45988 0 113444


Postal 6

Total 113450


----

195.Agiaon (SC)


General 109434 90849 0 200283

Service 233 111 0 344

Total 109667 90960 0 200627


General 53034 39331 0 92365



Postal 10

Total 92375


----

196.Tarari


General 125472 102395 0 227867

Service 210 113 0 323

Total 125682 102508 0 228190


General 71560 56224 0 127784


Postal 2

Total 127786



----

197.Jagdishpur


General 130812 108358 0 239170

Service 230 132 0 362

Total 131042 108490 0 239532


General 71873 58383 0 130256


Postal 5

Total 130261


----


198.Shahpur


General 134969 103496 0 238465

Service 362 205 0 567

Total 135331 103701 0 239032


General 63229 47965 0 111194


Postal 2

Total 111196


----

199.Barhampur



General 140188 121457 0 261645

Service 1191 653 0 1844

Total 141379 122110 0 263489


General 69890 56042 0 125932


Postal 55

Total 125987


----

200.Buxar


General 118600 101134 0 219734

Service 605 354 0 959

Total 119205 101488 0 220693



General 70025 57773 0 127798


Postal 304

Total 128102


----

201.Dumraon


General 129602 110614 0 240216

Service 916 476 0 1392

Total 130518 111090 0 241608


General 70295 54254 0 124549



Postal 68

Total 124617


----

202.Rajpur (SC)


General 135721 118066 0 253787

Service 446 272 0 718

Total 136167 118338 0 254505


General 76736 61055 0 137791


Postal 65

Total 137856



----

203.Ramgarh


General 108842 94113 0 202955

Service 725 436 0 1161

Total 109567 94549 0 204116


General 66183 56876 0 123059


Postal 160

Total 123219



----

204.Mohania (SC)


General 107516 92030 0 199546

Service 272 142 0 414

Total 107788 92172 0 199960


General 62416 49273 0 111689


Postal 121

Total 111810


----

205.Bhabua



General 110187 96265 0 206452

Service 227 120 0 347

Total 110414 96385 0 206799


General 64161 54481 0 118642


Postal 464

Total 119106


----

206. Chainpur


General 124904 110153 0 235057

Service 162 85 0 247

Total 125066 110238 0 235304



General 76326 65491 0 141817


Postal 216

Total 142033


----

207. Chenari (SC)


General 128223 109311 0 237534

Service 110 60 0 170

Total 128333 109371 0 237704



General 69686 57002 0 126688


Postal 132

Total 126820


----

208. Sasaram


General 149555 125640 0 275195

Service 134 50 0 184

Total 149689 125690 0 275379


General 82210 62059 0 144269


Postal 257

Total 144526



----

209. Kargahar


General 139590 119075 0 258665

Service 64 34 0 98

Total 139654 119109 0 258763


General 84982 64429 0 149411


Postal 342

Total 149753


----


210. Dinara


General 127843 109638 0 237481

Service 175 104 0 279

Total 128018 109742 0 237760


General 69676 50532 0 120208


Postal 65

Total 120273


----

211. Nokha



General 124787 105605 0 230392

Service 95 51 0 146

Total 124882 105656 0 230538


General 67117 49488 0 116605


Postal 103

Total 116708


----

212. Dehri


General 127250 104392 0 231642

Service 145 78 0 223

Total 127395 104470 0 231865



General 70612 52941 0 123553


Postal 132

Total 123685


----

213. Karakat


General 141775 119639 0 261414

Service 299 159 0 458

Total 142074 119798 0 261872


General 73335 54402 0 127737



Postal 53

Total 127790


----

214. Arwal


General 109785 91269 0 201054

Service 305 120 0 425

Total 110090 91389 0 201479


General 53877 40957 0 94834


Postal 77

Total 94911


----


215. Kurtha


General 103427 87525 0 190952

Service 141 59 0 200

Total 103568 87584 0 191152


General 50859 41082 0 91941


Postal 44

Total 91985


----

216. Jahanabad



General 119966 101622 0 221588

Service 415 145 0 560

Total 120381 101767 0 222148


General 61882 48717 0 110599


Postal 17

Total 110616


----

217. Ghosi



General 110073 96124 0 206197

Service 367 184 0 551

Total 110440 96308 0 206748


General 56772 47346 0 104118


Postal 8

Total 104126


----

218. Makhdumpur (SC)


General 98261 84419 0 182680

Service 461 112 0 672

Total 98722 84630 0 183352


General 49809 40375 0 90184



Postal 2

Total 90186


----

219. Goh


General 121634 106099 0 227733

Service 290 166 0 456

Total 121924 106265 0 228189


General 65838 54208 0 120046


Postal 19


Total 120065


----

220. Obra


General 125203 106638 0 231841

Service 366 199 0 565

Total 125569 106837 0 232406


General 73495 56745 0 130240


Postal 22

Total 130262


----


221. Nabinagar


General 112205 92932 0 205137

Service 150 74 0 224

Total 112355 93006 0 205361


General 59699 42098 0 101797


Postal 18

Total 101815


----

222. Kutumba (SC)


General 107144 88200 0 195344

Service 105 48 0 153


Total 107249 88248 0 195497


General 52725 40721 0 93446


Postal 14

Total 93460


----

223. Aurangabad


General 123516 102437 0 225953

Service 134 54 0 188

Total 123650 102491 0 226141



General 62596 48712 0 111308


Postal 18

Total 111326


----

224. Rafiganj


General 134178 112144 0 246322

Service 145 64 0 209

Total 134323 112208 0 246531


General 64888 53093 0 117981


Postal 5

Total 117986



----

225. Gurua


General 119138 102081 0

221219

Service 84 43 0 127

Total 119222 102124 0 221346


General 64674 55982 0 120656


Postal 16


Total 120672


----

226. Sherghati


General 106481 93905 0

200386

Service 28 16 0 44

Total 106509 93921 0 200430


General 57681 49982 0 107663


Postal 35

Total 107698


----


227. Imamganj (SC)


General 122781 106393 0

229174

Service 56 19 0 75

Total 0 229249


General 57089 51980 0 109069


Postal 19

Total 109088


----

228. Barachatti (SC)



General 118372 106027 0 224399

Service 28 12 0 40

Total 118400 106039 0 224439


General 118400 106039 0 114690


Postal 7

Total 114697


----

229. Bodh gaya (SC)



General 125357 112451 0

237808

Service 145 73 0 218

Total 0 238026


General 63535 58463 0 121998


Postal 15

Total 122013


----

230. Gaya town


General 119101 95568 0

214669

Service 159 64 0 223

Total 0 214892



General 61201 41745 0 102946


Postal 207

Total 103153


----

231. Tikari


General 131333 113222 0

244555

Service 261 98 0 359

Total 131594 113320 0 244914



General 71450 60370 0 131820


Postal 91

Total 131911


----

232. Belaganj


General 118045 101469 0

219514

Service 98 49 0 147

Total 118143 101518 0 219661


General 67388 54271 0 121659


Postal 144

Total 121803



----

233. Atri


General 133445 118112 0 251557

Service 162 74 0 236

Total 133607 118186 0 251793


General 64332 52667 0 116999


Postal 24

Total 117023


----

234. Wazirganj


General 121904 107466 0 229370


Service 120 50 0 170

Total 122024 107516 0 229540


General 67215 54741 0 121956


Postal 117

Total 122073


----

235. Rajauli (SC)


General 125510 110098 0 235608

Service 64 24 0 88


Total 125574 110122 0 235696


General 56007 52430 0 108437


Postal 2

Total 108439


----

236. Hisua


General 143667 127174 0 270841

Service 151 70 0 221

Total 143818 127244 0 271062


General 65432 58984 0 124416


Postal 16


Total 124432


----

237. Nawada


General 141599 121409 0 263008

Service 155 49 0 204

Total 141754 121458 0 263212


General 64229 54778 0 119007


Postal 12

Total 119019



----

238. Gobindpur


General 123207 105934 0 229141

Service 58 24 0 82

Total 123265 105958 0 229223


General 51589 48487 0 100076


Postal 2

Total 100078


----


239. Warsaliganj


General 143208 120324 0 263532

Service 138 67 0 205

Total 143346 120391 0 263737


General 65247 55609 0 120856


Postal 5

Total 120861


----

240. Sikandra (SC)


General 122886 104911 0 227797

Service 12 6 0 18


Total 122898 104917 0 227815


General 54738 49085 0 103823


Postal 1

Total 103824


----

241. Jamui


General 123690 103916 0 227606

Service 18 12 0 30

Total 123708 103928 0 227636


General 65481 56302 0 121783



Postal 1

Total 121784


----

242. Jhajha


General 129513 110910 0 240423

Service 11 3 0 14

Total 129524 110913 0 240437


General 67076 57034 0 124110


Postal 4

Total 124114


----


243. Chakai


General 122337 106594 0 228931

Service 4 3 0 7

Total 122341 106597 0 228938


General 59959 48292 0 108251


Postal 15

Total 108266


----


Chapter 15

EVOLUTION OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM OF INDIA

After attaining independence in August 1947, there was a need to hold General Elections in free India to elect a truly

representative government elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage. Therefore, Article 324, which provides for the

setting up of Election Commission as an independent constitutional authority, was brought into force from 26th November,

1949, whereas, most of the other provisions were made effective from 26th January, 1950 (when the Constitution of India

became effective).

Election Commission was formally constituted on 25th January, 1950, i.e., one day before India became as Sovereign

Democratic Republic. First Chief Election Commissioner, Shri Sukumar Sen, was appointed on 21st March, 1950.

From 1950 to 16th October, 1989, the Commission functioned as a single member body. From 16th October, 1989 to

1st January, 1990, it was converted into a three member body but on 1st January, 1990, it reverted to the system of single member

body. However, since 1st October, 1993, the Commission is regularly functioning as a three member body.

The Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners are given the same salary and allowances as of a Judge

of the Supreme Court. All the three Commissioners have equal powers in decision making and in case of any difference of


opinion on any issue, the decision is taken by the majority. The term of the office of CEC and ECs is six years or till the age of

65, whichever is earlier.

For the purpose of first General Elections to the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabhas, the first delimitation order was issued by

President, in consultation with Election Commission and with the approval of Parliament on 13th August, 1951.

To provide a legal framework for the conduct of elections, Parliament passed the first Act on 12th May, 1950

(Representation of the People Act, 1950) providing mainly for the preparation of electoral rolls and second Act on 17th July,

1951 (Representation of the People Act, 1951) laying down the procedure for the conduct of elections to both Houses of

Parliament and Vidhan Sabhas for each State.

Electoral Rolls for these constituencies were published in all States by 15th November, 1951. The total number of voters

(excluding Jammu and Kashmir) was 17,32,13,635 as against the total population of India (excluding Jammu and Kashmir),

according to 1951 census, 35,66,91,760. The first General Elections to the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabhas were held between

October, 1951 and March, 1952. The first Lok Sabha consisting of 497 members was constituted on 2nd April, 1952. The first

Rajya Sabha consisting of 216 members was constituted on 3rd April, 1952.

After the constitution of the two Houses of Parliament and the State Legislative Assemblies, the first Presidential election

was held in May, 1952 and the first duly elected President assumed the charge of office on 13th May, 1952. At the time of the

first General Election in 1951-52, the Commission had recognized 14 political parties as multi-state parties and 39 parties as

the state parties. Presently, there are seven recognized national parties 40 State parties.


For the first and second General Elections in 1951-52, and 1957, the Election Commission adopted the ‘Balloting System’

of voting. Under this system, every candidate was allotted a separate ballot box at each polling station in a screened

compartment and the voter was required only to drop his ballot paper, the centrally pre-printed ballot papers into the ballot

box of the candidate of his choice.

From the 3rd General Elections in 1962 onwards, the Commission switched over to ‘marking system’ of voting. Under

this system, a common ballot paper containing the names and election symbols of all contesting candidates is printed on which

the voter has to put a mark with an arrow cross mark rubber stamp on or near the symbol of the candidate of his choice. All

the marked ballot papers are put into a common ballot box.

The Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) were used for the first time in part of Parur Assembly Constituency in Kerala in

1982, on experimental basis. Later, the extensive use of EVMs started in 1998. The EVMs were used at all polling stations in the

country in the 14th General Election to the Lok Sabha in 2004 for the first time . Since then all elections to Lok Sabha and

Legislative Assemblies have been held using EVMs.

Since 1951-52, fifteen General Elections have been held to the Lok Sabha and 348 General Elections to the Vidhan Sabhas

and the country is now fully geared for the 16th country wide general elections to Lok Sabha.


Some Features of Indian Elections

During Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections in 2007, an exclusive polling station was set up only for one elector in Perambara Assembly Constituency. Likewise a polling station was provided for a lone voter in Gir forest in Gujarat in 2012.

Highest altitude at which the polling stations provided in the State of Jammu and Kashmir: at Leh and Anlay Phoo in Leh Assembly Constituency at the height of 5000 mtr.

During Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections in 1996, as many as 1033 contesting candidates were in Modakurichi Assembly Constituency.

Maximum number of candidates for any Parliamentary Constituency was 480 from Nalgonda Parliamentary Constituency in Andhra Pradesh during the General Elections to the Lok Sabha in 1996.


Chapter16

Electoral Laws of India

India is a sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic. Democracy is one

of the inalienable basic features of the Constitution of India and forms part of its

basic structure (Kesavanand Bharati v State of Kerala and Others AIR 1973 SC

1461). The concept of democracy, as visualized by the Constitution, pre-supposes

the representation of the people in Parliament and State Legislatures by the

method of election (N P Punnuswami v Returning Officer Namakkal AIR 1952 SC

64).For democracy to survive rule of law must prevail and it is necessary that the

best available men should be chosen as people’s representatives for proper

governance of the country (Gadakh Yashwantrao Kankararao v Balasaheb

Vikhepatil AIR 1994 SC 678). And for the best available men to be chosen as

people’s representatives, elections must be free and fair and conducted in an

atmosphere where the electors are able to exercise their franchise according to

their own free will. Thus, free and fair elections form the bedrock of democracy.

India has adopted the British Westminster system of parliamentary form of

government. We have an elected President, elected Vice-President, elected

Parliament and elected State Legislature for every State. Now, we also have

elected municipalities, panchayats and other local bodies. For ensuring free and

fair elections to these offices and bodies, there are three pre-requisites: (1) an

authority to conduct these elections, which should be insulated from political and

executive interference, (2) set of laws which should govern the conduct of

elections and in accordance whereof the authority charged with the responsibility

of conducting these elections should hold them, and (3) a mechanism whereby all

doubts and disputes arising in connection with these elections should be resolved.

The Constitution of India has paid due attention to all these imperatives and

duly provided for all the three matters.

The Constitution has created an independent Election Commission of India

in which vests the superintendence, direction and control of preparation of

electoral rolls for, and conduct of elections to, the offices of President and Vice-

President of India and Parliament and State Legislatures (Article 324). A similar


independent constitutional authority has been created for conduct of elections to

municipalities, panchayats and other local bodies (Articles 243 K and 243 ZA).

The authority to enact laws for elections to the offices of President and Vice-

President and to Parliament and State Legislatures has been reposed by the

Constitution in Indian Parliament (Articles 71 and 327). Laws relating to conduct

of elections to municipalities, panchayats and other local bodies are framed by the

respective State Legislatures (Articles 243 K and 243 ZA). All doubts and disputes

relating to the elections to the office of President and Vice-President are dealt with

by the Supreme Court (Article 71), whereas the initial jurisdiction to deal with all

doubts and disputes relating to the elections to Parliament and State Legislatures

vests in the High Court of the State concerned, with a right of appeal to the

Supreme Court (Article 329). The disputed matters relating to elections to

municipalities, etc. are decided by the lower courts in accordance with the laws

made by the respective State Governments.

The law relating to the elections to the offices of President and Vice-

President of India has been enacted by Parliament in the form of Presidential and

Vice-Presidential Elections Act 1952. This Act has been supplemented by the

Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Rules 1974 and further supplemented

by the Election Commission’s directions and instructions on all aspects.

Conduct of elections to Parliament and State Legislatures are governed by

the provisions of two Acts, namely, Representation of the People Act 1950 and

Representation of the People Act 1951.

Representation of the People Act 1950 deals mainly with the matters

relating to the preparation and revision of electoral rolls. The provisions of this

Act have been supplemented by detailed rules, Registration of Electors Rules 1960,

made by the Central Government, in consultation with the Election Commission,

under Section 28 of that Act and these rules deal with all the aspects of preparation

of electoral rolls, their periodic revision and updating, inclusion of eligible names,

exclusion of ineligible names, correction of particulars, etc. These rules also

provide for the issue of electoral identity cards to registered electors bearing their

photographs at the State cost. These rules also empower the Election Commission

to prepare the photo electoral rolls containing photographs of electors, in addition

to their other particulars .In exercise of these powers, the Commission is now

preparing the electoral rolls for all parliamentary and assembly constituted in


India with the photographs of electors containing therein, apart from the issue of

individual identity cards to them.

All matters relating to the actual conduct of elections are governed by the

provisions of the Representation of the People Act 1951 which have been

supplemented by the Conduct of Elections Rules 1961 framed by the Central

Government, in consultation with the Election Commission, under Section 169 of

that Act. This Act and the rules make detailed provisions for all stages of the

conduct of elections like the issue of writ notification calling the election, filing of

nominations, scrutiny of nominations, withdrawal of candidatures, taking of poll,

counting of votes and constitution of the Houses on the basis of the results so

declared.

The superintendence, direction and control of elections vested by the

Constitution in the Election Commission empowers the Commission even to make

special orders and directions to deal with the situations for which the laws enacted

by the Parliament make no provision or insufficient provision. The classic

example of filling such vacuous area is the promulgation of the Election Symbols

(Reservation and Allotment) Order 1968 which governs the matters relating to

recognition of political parties at the National and State level, reservation of

election symbols for them, resolution of disputes between splinter groups of such

recognised parties, and allotment of symbols to all candidates at elections, etc.

Another such vacuous area where the Election Commission exercises its

inherent powers under Article 324 of the Constitution is the enforcement of the

Model Code of Conduct for guidance of political parties and candidates. The Model

Code is a unique document evolved by the political parties themselves to govern

their conduct during elections so as to ensure that a level playing field for all

political parties is maintained during elections and, in particular, to curb the

misuse of official power and official machinery by the ruling party(ies) to further

the electoral prospects of their candidates.

All post election matters to resolve doubts and disputes arising out of or in

connection with the elections are also dealt with in accordance with the provisions

of the Representation of the People Act 1951. Under this Act, all such doubts and

disputes can be raised before the High Court of the State concerned, but only after

the election is over and not when the election process is still on.


The above mentioned Representation of the People Acts 1950 and 1951 and

the Registration of Electors Rules 1960 and Conduct of Elections Rules 1961 form

complete code on all matters relating to elections to both Houses of Parliament

and State Legislatures. Any person aggrieved by any of the decisions of the

Election Commission or the authorities functioning under it has to find a remedy

in accordance with the provisions of these Acts and Rules.

These Acts and Rules enable the Election Commission to issue directions

and instructions to deal with various aspects of the preparation/revision of

electoral rolls and the conduct of elections and leave all such matters of detail to

be dealt with by the Commission. Pursuant thereto, the Commission has issued a

plethora of directions and instructions which have been consolidated by the

Commission in various compendia and the handbooks for the Electoral

Registration Officers, Returning Officers, Presiding Officers, candidates, polling

agents and counting agents.

The laws enacted by Parliament and supplemented by the Rules and by the

Commission’s directions and instructions there under have come for scrutiny of

the Supreme Court in several important matters from time to time and a significant

contribution to supplement those laws and to reform the electoral system have

been made by the Apex Court. To give a few important examples, the Supreme

Court in the case of Mohinder Singh Gill vs. Chief Election Commissioner (AIR 1978

SC 851) laid down that the Election Commission, being a creature of the

Constitution, can supplement the laws made by the Parliament wherever the

enacted law did not make a sufficient provision to deal with a situation arising in

the course of the conduct of elections in a vast democracy like ours. It is in the

exercise of such powers, that the Commission is enforcing the Model Code of

Conduct which is a unique contribution to the cause of free and fair elections by

the political parties themselves. Again, in the case of People’s Union for Civil

Liberties (AIR 2003 SC 2363), the Supreme Court mandated that every candidate

contesting an election to Parliament or a State Legislature must furnish, on

affidavit, all details with regard to his criminal antecedents, if any, his assets and

liabilities as also of his spouse and dependent children, as well as his educational

qualifications so that electors, the ultimate rulers in democracy, can make an

informed choice while electing their representatives. Further, in the case

of Resurgence India [LAWS(SC)-2013-9-35], the Supreme Court has recently laid

down that if any candidate fails to furnish the requisite information in the

abovementioned affidavit, dispute being reminded by the returning officer to do

so, his nomination paper will be liable to be rejected by the returning officer at the

time of scrutiny of his nomination papers. Another significant contribution to the


election law made by the Supreme Court has come in the case of People’s Union for

Civil Liberties[LAWS(SC)-2013-9-87], that a voter has a right to express his dis-

satisfaction with all the candidates in the constituency and to caste a negative

vote. To operationalise this judgment of the Supreme Court, the Election

Commission has provided an additional button on the voting machines with the

inscription ‘NOTA’ (Note of the above) by pressing which the voter has a right to

express that he does not wish to vote for any of the candidate. This enables the

voters to express their desire in secrecy but the law does not say that if the number

of votes recorded for the NOTA option is more than the highest number of votes

recorded by any of the candidates, it will adversely affect his election. In yet

another landmark judgment in the case of Dr. Subramanian Swamy [LAWS(SC)-

2013-10-20], the Apex Court held that the Electronic Voting Machines should have

the provision for Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) so that when a voter

cast his vote, a paper slip is printed showing the name and symbol of the candidate

for whom he has recorded his vote. This will enable the voter to satisfy himself

that the vote cast by him has been properly recorded and accounted for the

candidate of his choice.

by S.K.Mendiratta , Legal Advisor, Election Commission of India


Chapter 17

Expenditure Monitoring Mechanism

The Election Commission conducts the elections to the office of the President, Vice

President, Parliament and the State Assemblies. As per Article 324 of the

Constitution, the commission is vested with the power of Superintendence,

direction and control of elections.

It is a well-known fact that without money, multi-party democracy cannot

function, however ‘Money Power’ involves certain risks like:

1. Uneven Playing field and lack of fair competition, 2. Political Exclusion ie: Certain sectors face disadvantage, 3. Co-Opted politicians under campaign debts, 4. Tainted Governance and Rule of Law undermined.

The Commission is seriously engaged in curbing the influence of money power

in elections, during General elections to Assembly / Parliamentary constituencies.

The Election Commission has formulated a robust mechanism for monitoring

election expenditure, which was first implemented during General Election to

Legislative Assembly of Bihar in 2010. This monitoring mechanism was

subsequently implemented effectively and systematically from 2010 to 2013 in

the Assembly/ Bye- Elections in the States of West Bengal, Assam, Kerala, Tamil

Nadu, Puducherry, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Manipur, Goa, Andhra

Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura,

Karnataka, Rajasthan, NCT of Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Mizoram.

These measures have resulted in huge cash interception / seizures during the

Assembly elections totaling to approximately 215 crore rupees.

The following are the main features of the Election Expenditure Monitoring:

1. Opening of a separate bank account by each contesting candidate for incurring all major election expenses through cheque / demand draft drawn on this bank account only.

2. A complaint-monitoring cell in each district with 24X7 toll free number to receive complaint from the public.


3. Flying Squads, Quick Response Teams, Static Surveillance Teams headed by Executive Magistrates are formed in each constituency to track illegal cash transaction or any distribution liquor or any items for bribing/ inducement of the voters and to attend to all complains of election expenditure.

4. All airports in the State, major railway stations, hotels, farm houses, ‘hawala’ agents, financial brokers, cash couriers, pawn brokers and other suspicious agencies/persons engaged in movement of cash are to be kept under close surveillance by the Income Tax Department and necessary action to be taken as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act.

5. Monitoring of suspicious cash withdrawal from any bank account during election process.

6. Expenditure Observers are appointed for each district with senior officers from Income Tax Department, Customs & Central Excise Department and other finance & accounts services from outside the State to oversee the election expenditure by the candidates during election.

7. Assistant Expenditure Observers are appointed for each constituency, to assist the Expenditure Observers.

8. Shadow Observation Register is maintained in each constituency for each candidate to record major expenses observed during the election.

9. Video Surveillance Team is constituted with camera persons and Govt. officials in each team to videograph major election campaign expenses.

10. Accounting Team is constituted in each constituency to maintain Shadow Observation Register and the folder of evidence.

11. Media Certification and Media Expenditure Monitoring Committee (MCMC) constituted to monitor both print and electronic media including cable network, social media etc. for election advertisement and suspected Paid News.

12. Campaign for Ethical Voting and to create awareness among voters not to accept any inducement in exchange of votes.

Election Expenditure monitoring mechanism has been adopted to curb the

misuse of money power during elections to ensure free and fair elections. The

following strategies are adopted:

i. Interpersonal communication is taken up through the State/ Govt. Of India units- Income Tax Dept. to track illegal cash, Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) and Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) to track drugs, Enforcement Directorate to track foreign Exchange, Police Dept. and Excise Dept. of the respective States to check other crimes related to bribery, terror, theft, narcotics, illegal liquor etc. and the abuse of money power in elections involving the candidate, his agent or any political party.

ii. A strict vigil is maintained over the movement of cash etc. through airports/ airstrips/ Helipads and a standard operating procedure (SOP) has been developed and implemented by the Bureau of Civil


Aviation in consultation with the Commission. While the CISF is involved to keeps strict vigil at the airports of the poll going States to stop illegal movement of cash / bullion involving the candidate, his agent or any political party.

iii. The Ministry of Civil Aviation has been directed to operate Air Intelligence Units (AIU’s) in all the airports of the respective poll going states till the date of completion of elections so as to keep track of and report of any illegal movement of cash involving the candidate, his agent or any political party.

iv. The Govt. Of India unit like the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) has been requested to provide real time information on suspicious cash transactions in banks and to keep close watch on withdrawal of cash exceeding the specified limits from the Bank Accounts in poll going States.

v. BSF and SSB has been requested to keep strict vigil over movement of illegal items, cash etc. through international borders of poll going States meant to influence voters.

vi. The cases of candidates, who have not filed correct election Expenditure statements, have been processed for disqualification under section 10A of the R.P. Act, 1951.

The above measures have gone a long way in curbing pernicious effect of money

power during the general elections held in the last four years. There is still a lot of

distance to be covered in this regard to eliminate the deep seated malady and the

intelligentsia, Media civil society organizations should all join hands with Election

Commission of India to create general awareness against the use of Money Power

during elections.

by P.K.Dash , Director General, Election Commission of India


Chapter 18

SVEEP - For Making Elections Inclusive

“We, the citizens of India, having abiding faith in democracy, hereby pledge to uphold the

democratic traditions of our country and the dignity of free, fair and peaceful elections, and to

vote in every election fearlessly and without being influenced by considerations of religion, race,

caste, community, language or any inducement”.

- a pledge, which gained popularity among newly eligible voters in India during the

past three years, changed the attitude of young India towards elections, thanks to

SVEEP (Systematic Voter’s Education and Electoral Participation) initiatives by

Election Commission of India (ECI).

Being a landmark initiative by ECI, SVEEP has stimulated every aspect of

election processes to ensure enhanced voters’ participation in the polling. During

the last three years, voter registration, especially among youth, has gone up from

10-15 percent to 30-35 percent and almost all the state assembly elections held

since 2010, recorded high voter turnout with greater participation from youth and

women.

BACKGROUND

Voter registration and electorate education are central to the election

management process. However, qualitatively and quantitatively voter

participation in India is still far from the ideal of participatory democracy. There

is lot of gap between what the voters ‘should know’ and what they ‘actually know’

in important areas like registration, Electors’ Photo Identity Card (EPIC)/ identity

proofs, Polling Station location, use of EVMs, timings of the poll, do’s & don’ts with

regard to Model Code of Conduct, use of money/ muscle and liquor power by

candidates or their associates to influence vulnerable sections of electorate. More

so, as has been observed, voter awareness does not always convert into voters

actually casting their vote. To achieve the objectives of increasing voter awareness

and voter turnout the election commission has taken a major step in the form of


Systematic Voter’s Education and Electoral participation (SVEEP) programme

to inform, educate, motivate and facilitate voters and in turn make Indian

democracy more participative and meaningful.

TAKEOFF

With a sense of urgency to highlight the issue of low electoral awareness and low

voter turnout issue, ECI chose the theme, “Greater Participation for a Stronger

Democracy” for its Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 2010. It is in same year the

journey of the nation’s biggest voter participation programme - SVEEP - began

with Bihar Assembly elections. In simple terms, SVEEP is a range of policy

initiatives and activities intend to improve people’s participation in the electoral

process. Since then it has been taking up activities to remove gaps in information,

motivation and facilitation and in turn increase voter turnout in elections to

Legislative Assemblies to many states. There were planned IEC (Information,

Education and Communication) interventions in the Jharkhand elections of end-

2009 and subsequently carried forward in the form of SVEEP (Systematic Voters’

Education and Electoral Participation) in Bihar Assembly elections of 2010 and

assembly elections of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Assam, West Bengal and UT of

Puducherry in 2011. This continued for the 5 State elections of UP, Goa, Punjab,

Uttarakhand and Manipur and again in the twin general elections in Himachal

Pradesh and Gujarat in 2012 and elections to NE states of Tripura, Meghalaya and

Nagaland in early 2013.

REVEALING THE OBSTACLES

Voters’ Behaviour Surveys were carried out as part of SVEEP. These surveys

revealed the underlying reasons for under registration, problems in getting

duplicate EPIC, correcting names on voter list and various information gaps and

low voter turn-out. Moreover, the surveys also try to map the demographics of

elector-segments with lower electoral participation.

TARGETED INTERVENTION


It was observed that the youth and women

constitute a major part of the people who do not

cast their vote. In order to improve participation

of all sections of electorate, ECI decided to bridge

the gap in information and motivation, and also

simultaneously made interventions to make the

process of enrolment - easier and convenient and

the voting experience - people friendly. ECI also

creatively engaged with people to enthuse them

to join the electoral process.

IMPLEMENTATION

The Systematic Voter Education and Electoral Participation Wing formulates

policies, lays down the framework, plans interventions and monitors

implementation besides carrying out continuous discourse with voting publics,

civil society groups and media. SVEEP comprise of a plethora of systematic

interventions for Information, Motivation and Facilitation (IMF) measures to

involve the people in the electoral process. They broadly include situation analysis,

systematic planning and implementation of targeted interventions (on IMF model)

based on the situation analysis, mid programme review and monitoring and end

term review. The communication interventions include multi-media and inter-

personal communication, physical events and innovative activities for

mobilization of people/community and voter Facilitation. Realizing the

intricacies in bringing out a behavioural change among people, ECI emphasized on

social orientation and collaborative approach in the whole process of SVEEP.

Formulation of State and District level SVEEP plans

ECI also initiated some internal organizational changes in the state level and

constituted state and district level core groups to coordinate and implement all

SVEEP activities. The State Level Plans and District Level Plans are to be

formulated for the whole year with intense sub plans for election period. The plans

are to be in conformity with national framework, laid out by the Commission, but

allowing for due flexibility and credibility at every level.

Collaborations

Voter should be aware of:

Voter registration

EPIC/Identity proofs

Polling station location

Use of EVMs

Timing of the poll

Do’s and don’ts with regards

to Model Code of Conduct

Use of money, muscle and

liquor power by candidate or

their associate to influence

electorate

How to file complaints


The Election Commission collaborated with educational institutions and youth

organizations like NYKS, NSS, NCC to particularly tap the new voters in the age

group of 18-19yrs, promote greater awareness amongst youth and students about

electoral process and to seek their assistance in facilitating voter registration. It

also collaborated with Central and State Government Departments like the

departments of health, education, WCD, Cooperatives, Welfare etc., so that these

departments can extend their existing infrastructure and manpower (field

functionaries) for electoral education and outreach. Collaboration with

Government and private media as well as Civil Society and credible NGOs for

increasing people’s awareness regarding electoral participation has also helped in

creating voter awareness.

In 2013 ECI signed a MoU with NLMA (National Literacy Mission Authority) after

which electoral literacy has become a major component of the Sakshar Bharat

Programme of the Government of India. ECI and UNDP also have an MoU in the

field of Voter education. Campus Ambassadors have now been introduced (since

December 2013) who would be a student in the campus and act as ambassador of

the Commission and facilitate the SVEEP programme in the educational campuses.

Now even private media houses and Corporates are joining in and extending

support in the SVEEP programme of the ECI.

Facilitation as Part of Strategy of SVEEP

SVEEP initiated new measures relate to voter facilitation in areas of registration,

issuing voter identity cards and suggests ways and means to make the election

process voter friendly. These initiatives include Voters’ Helplines in all districts,

searching name in the Voter list through internet and SMS, Voters’ Facilitation

Booths, Ideal Polling booths, EVM familarisation camps, Voter Slip, Expanding the

I-Card basket i.e., making other identity proofs (apart from EPIC) as a valid proof

for voting.

National Voters’ Day

In order to reach out the mass, ECI initiated a practice to celebrate the National

Voters’ Day on its foundation day, 25th January, in 2011. It is considered to be a

significant step among the various SVEEP initiatives. It is being observed every

year with the objective of increasing enrolment of voters to make universal adult

suffrage a complete reality. With the aim to give the younger generation a sense of

responsible citizenship and to encourage them to exercise their new franchise, ECI


felicitates all the newly eligible registered voters in over 8 lakh polling station

areas as part of the National Voters’ Day observance. They are handed over their

Elector Photo Identity Cards (EPIC) and a badge with the slogan “Proud to be a

Voter-Ready to Vote”. They also take an oath to strengthen democracy by taking

part in the elections. Since 2011 the National Voters Day is being celebrated with

great enthusiasm across the country along with a series of outreach measures like

symposiums, cycle rally, human chain, folk arts programmes, mini-marathon,

competitions and awareness seminars.

Other measures

Identifying the ability of the popular icons to establish authentic connection with the masses, ECI appointed

national and state icons from various fields to boost the awareness programme and motivate the voters.

Former Indian President Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam, M S Dhoni, Saina Nehwal and M C Mary Kom are the national

icons, besides many more celebrities are the state icons and involved in these SVEEP initiatives.

Table 1: Comparison of polling percentage of the State Assembly elections held after 2010 to the

previous ones

Sl. No. State Year of

Election

Polling Percentage

Male Female Total

1 Assam 2006 76.49 74.89 75.77

2011 76.85 74.94 75.92

2 Bihar 2005 - - 45.85

2010 51.12 54.49 52.67

3 Goa 2007 69.70 70.30 70.51

2012 78.86 84.57 81.73

4 Gujarat 2007 62.31 57.02 59.77

2012 72.94 69.50 71.30

5 Himachal Pradesh 2007 68.36 74.01 71.61

2012 69.39 76.20 72.69

6 Jharkhand 2004 --- --- 57.03

2009 59.13 54.53 56.96

National Voters’ Day 25th

January


7 Karnataka 2008 66.20 63.10 64.68

2013 71.84 70.1 71.00

8 Kerala 2006 73.17 71.08 72.38

2011 75.08 74.78 74.92

9 Manipur 2007 85.88 86.82 86.73

2012 76.94 81.36 79.19

10 Meghalaya 2008 88.62 89.36 88.99

2013 85.17 88.44 86.82

11 Nagaland 2013 89.09 91.33 90.19

2008 85.99 86.39 86.19

12 Punjab 2007 75.36 75.47 75.45

2012 77.58 78.90 78.20

13 Pondicherry 2006 84.48 86.29 86.00

2011 83.97 86.97 85.52

14 Tamil Nadu 2006 72.41 68.75 70.82

2011 77.53 78.51 78.01

15 Tripura 2008 90.74 91.72 91.22

2013 90.73 92.94 91.82

16 Uttar Pradesh 2007 49.35 41.92 45.96

2012 58.68 60.28 59.40

17 Uttarakhand 2007 58.95 59.45 59.45

2012 64.41 68.12 66.17

18 West Bengal 2006 82.34 80.75 81.97

2011 84.22 84.45 84.33

19 Rajasthan 2008 67.10 65.31 66.25

2013 74.92 75.52 75.20

20 Chhattisgarh 2008 71.80 69.20 70.51

2013 77.37 77.21 77.32

21 Delhi 2008 58.34 56.62 57.58

2013 65.98 65.13 65.60

22 Madhya Pradesh 2008 72.30 65.91 69.28

2013 73.95 70.11 72.66

23 Mizoram 2008 78.77 81.24 80.02

2013 80.3 82.2 81.2

Media and non-media units, folk cultural groups, cable networks, marathons,

rallies, human chains, exhibition, hoardings, posters, pamphlets, leaflets, cinema

slides, street plays, magic shows are utilized with good effect.


ECI has also been getting enthusiastic support of a range of governmental and non-

governmental organizations, civil society and media in enlisting citizen’s

participation in the electoral process. In some states it has trained a band of

volunteers who took the message to the masses.

Information at Your Fingertips!

One of the greatest advancements of the modern day technology is the penetration

of internet into our life. Keeping pace with changing time, ECI revived its website

to provide all kind of information and services to citizens in a hassle free manner.

Social media is being used at district and state level for enhancing voter awareness

and increasing voter turnout increasing polling percentage. Most of the state chief

electoral offices own face book pages for reaching out techno-savvy young voters.

The facility for online registration of voters is the only system in India where one

can get an identity card, i.e., Elector Photo Identity Cards (EPIC) without visiting a

government office. The website also provides various other services like ‘changing

the demographic details online’, and ‘tracking one’s application online’. The

success of this online system is evident from the figures coming from various

states; around 40 percent of new voter in Kerala and about 30 percent in Delhi,

Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka have obtained the EPIC through this system.

SVEEP in a nutshell

Voters’ Behaviour Survey Formulation of State and District level SVEEP

plans Personnel for State level State and District level core groups Collaboration with Government departments

Collaboration with CSOs, Media and organisations

National Voters Day Identification of National and State Icons

The Way Forward


The objective of any voter education programme is to make relevant information

available and accessible to public. If the campaign achieves universal coverage of

the electorate it will be a great success for democracy. Under the banner of SVEEP,

a series of outreach measures like marathons, rallies, processions, quiz

competitions, film screening, declamation contests, street play, SMSes and

helplines were conducted so far to promote voting. The gaps in the electoral

process like youth disconnect, urban apathy and subdued ethical voting campaign

are being filled by SVEEP activities while the areas like NRI registration, service

voters low participation, migrant voters need more ECI interventions. ECI is

constantly engaging to evolve programmes that can explore the in-depth

correlation between the strength of an individual’s vote and their empowerment.


Chapter 19

Indelible Ink: Mark on finger, A moment of Pride

Indelible Ink is popularly known as Voter's

Ink to mark on voter’s finger during

elections to avoid fraudulent, multiple

voting & malpractices. It is not an ordinary

ink, once it is applied on the finger it remains

for few months.

The credibility of producing the special ink

goes to the Mysore Paints and Varnish

Limited (MPVL) the Govt. of Karnataka

undertaking, which is supplying this ink to India and various foreign countries.

In India it has been a great challenge for the government and the election

commission to hold and complete the process of general elections. In achieving

this and to eliminate the fake voting, the election commission has introduced a

measure, i.e. using Indelible Ink which is put on the left hand finger nail of the

voter. The Indelible Ink cannot be removed by any chemical, detergents or oil, it

remains for few months.

Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited (MPVL) specialized in manufacturing and

supply of quality Indelible Ink, in association with the Election Commission of

India, National Physical Laboratory, and National Research Development

Corporation. It is the sole authorized supplier of this type of foolproof Indelible Ink

in India having exclusive license granted by National Research Development

Corporation (NRDC), New Delhi since 1962.

Mysore Paints & Varnish Ltd., was established during 1937 by late Nalwadi

Krishnaraja Wodeyar, Then the Maharaja of Mysore province under the

nomenclature “Mysore Lac & Paint Works Ltd”. During 1989, it was renamed

as “Mysore Paints & Varnish Ltd In 1962, the Election Commission in collaboration

with Union Law Ministry, The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and NRDC made

an agreement with Mysore Paints and Varnish Ltd., for supplying this ink for the


Parliament, Assembly and other general elections to all the states in India.

Beginning with 1962 general elections it has been supplying indelible ink for

Elections in India.

Apart from supplying indelible ink to Indian elections, Mysore Paints & Varnish

Ltd has been exporting the Ink to 28 countries across the world since 1976, to

name some few countries are: Turkey, South Africa, Nigeria, Nepal, Ghana, Papua-

New Guinea, Burkina Faso, Canada, Togo, Sierra Leone, Malaysia, Cambodia etc.


Chapter 20

MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT & ITS EVOLUTION

Free and fair elections form the bed rock of democracy. This envisages a level playing field for the contestants and an equal opportunity for all parties for presenting their policies and programmes to voters. In this context the Model Code of conduct gains relevance. The MCC intends to provide a level playing field for all political parties, keep the campaign fair and healthy, avoid clashes and conflicts between parties, and ensure peace and order. It aims to ensure that the ruling party, either at the Centre or in the states, does not misuse its official position to gain an unfair advantage in an election. This instrument is a major contribution of Indian electoral system to the cause of democracy.

The MCC is a set of norms for conduct and behavior on the part of the Parties

and candidates, in particular. The uniqueness of the MCC is the fact that this was a document that originated and evolved with the consensus of the political parties. The origin of the MCC dates back to 1960 when the MCC started as a small set of Dos and Don’ts for the Assembly election in Kerala in 1960. The Code covered conducting of election meetings/processions, speeches, slogans, posters and placards (CEC-Shri K.V.K.Sundaram). In 1962 Lok Sabha General Elections, the Commission circulated this code to all the recognized political parties and the State Governments were requested to secure the acceptance of the Code by the Parties. (CEC-Shri K.V.K.Sundaram). Report received after the 1962 general election showed that the Code was followed by and large. In 1967, the Code was followed in the Lok Sabha and Assembly elections.(CEC-Shri K.V.K.Sundaram). Evolution of the MCC and its implementation since 1967:

In 1968, the Election Commission held meetings with political parties at State level and circulated the Code of Conduct to observe minimum standard of behavior to ensure free and fair elections. (CEC-Shri S.P. Sen Verma)

In 1971-72, during General Election to the House of the People/State Legislative Assemblies the Commission circulated the Code again. (CEC-Shri S.P. Sen Verma)

At the time of general elections to some State Assemblies in 1974, the Commission issued the code of conduct to the political parties in those States. The Commission also suggested constituting committees at district level headed by the District Collector and comprising representatives of political parties as members for considering cases of violation of the code and ensuring its compliance by all parties and candidates.


For the 1977 Lok Sabha general election, the Code was again circulated to the political parties. (CEC-Shri T. Swaminathan).

In 1979, Election Commission, in consultation with the political parties further amplified the code, adding a new Section placing restrictions on the “Party in power” so as to prevent cases of abuse of position of power to get undue advantage over other parties and candidates. (CEC-Shri S.L.Shakhdar)

In 1991, the code was consolidated and re-issued in its present form. (CEC-Shri T.N.Seshan).

The present code contains guidelines for general conduct of political parties and candidates (no attack on private life, no appeal to communal feelings, discipline and decorum in meetings, processions, guidelines for party in power – official machinery and facilities not to be used for electioneering, prohibition against Ministers and other authorities in announcing grants, new schemes etc).

Ministers and those holding public offices are not allowed to combine official visits with electioneering tours.

Issue of advertisements at the cost of public exchequer is prohibited. Grants, new schemes / projects cannot be announced. Even the schemes that

may have been announced before the MCC came into force, but that has not actually taken off in terms of implementation on field are also required to be put on hold.

It is through such restrictions that the advantage of being in power is blunted and the contestants get the opportunity to fight on more or less equal terms.

MCC has got the judicial recognition of the highest court of land. The dispute over the date when the Model Code of Conduct should come into force -- the issuance of the press release by EC announcing the poll dates or the date of actual notification in this regard was resolved in the Union of India Vs. Harbans Sigh Jalal and Others [SLP (Civil) No.22724 of 1997)] decided on 26.04.2001. The apex court gave the ruling that the Code of Conduct would come into force the moment the Commission issues the press release, which precedes the notification by a good two weeks. This ruling lay at rest the controversy related to the dates of enforcement of MCC. Thus the MCC remains in force from the date of announcement of elections till the completion of elections.

Legal Status for Model Code: views of the Election Commission

There is an opinion in certain quarters for providing legal status to MCC. The Election Commission has, however, taken a stand against granting of such status to MCC. According to the Commission bringing the MCC on the statute book will only be counter-productive. In our country, elections are conducted within a very limited time span according to a well laid down schedule. Normally, a general election in a State is completed in about 45 days, from the day of announcement of the election schedule by the Commission. Thus, the expedition and promptness in dealing with the cases of violation of the model code of conduct is of the essence. If no timely action is taken to curb the violations and against the violators of the model code during the limited period when the election process is on, the whole


significance of the MCC would be lost and the violator would be able to reap the benefit of such violation. If the model code of conduct is converted into a law, this would mean that a complaint would lie to the police/Magistrate. The procedures involved in judicial proceedings being what they are, a decision on such complaints would most likely come only long after the election is completed.

MCC is not a hindrance to Developmental activities

One often gets to hear the complaint that the MCC is coming in the way of developmental activities. However, even during the short period when MCC is in operation, the ongoing development activities are not stopped and are allowed to proceed unhindered, and only the new projects, etc. which have not taken off on the ground that have to be deferred till the completion of elections. If there is any work that cannot wait for any reason (relief work on account of any calamity, etc), the matter can be referred to the Commission for clearance. It is apt to refer to the following passage from a very recent Judgment (dated 16.02.2012) of the Allahabad High Court (Lucknow Bench) in Writ Petition No. 1361 of 2012 (Dr. Nutan Thakur Vs. Election Commission of India):

‘It shall not be out of place to mention that after election, peoples’

representatives discharge their obligation almost for a period of five years.

The elections are held at the fag end of their tenure unless the assembly or

Parliament is suspended or dissolved earlier. While holding the office, it is

always obligatory on the part of the peoples’ representative to discharge their

obligation honestly and fairly to serve the nation. In case they failed to

discharge their obligation during their entire term while in office or in

opposition, then making statement as a measure of allurement or

appeasement to the peoples after issuance of Election Notification, shall be

nothing but an instance of unfair practice on their part.’

Model code of conduct for political parties and candidates:

1. General Conduct

(1) No party or candidate shall include in any activity which may aggravate

existing differences or create mutual hatred or cause tension between different

castes and communities, religious or linguistic.


(2) Criticism of other political parties, when made, shall be confined to their

policies and programme, past record and work. Parties and Candidates shall

refrain from criticism of all aspects of private life, not connected with the public

activities of the leaders or workers of other parties. Criticism of other parties or

their workers based on unverified allegations or distortion shall be avoided.

(3) There shall be no appeal to caste or communal feelings for securing votes.

Mosques, Churches, Temples or other places of worship shall not be used as forum

for election propaganda.

(4) All parties and candidates shall avoid scrupulously all activities which are

“corrupt practices” and offences under the election law, such as bribing of voters,

intimidation of voters, impersonation of voters, canvassing within 100 meters of

polling stations, holding public meetings during the period of 48 hours ending with

the hour fixed for the close of the poll, and the transport and conveyance of voters

to and from polling station.

(5) The right of every individual for peaceful and undisturbed home-life shall be

respected, however much the political parties or candidates may resent his

political opinions or activities. Organising demonstrations or picketing before the

houses of individuals by way of protesting against their opinions or activities shall

not be resorted to under any circumstances.

(6) No political party or candidate shall permit its or his followers to make use of

any individual’s land, building, compound wall etc., without his permission for

erecting flag-staffs, suspending banners, pasting notices, writing slogans etc.

(7) Political parties and candidates shall ensure that their supporters do not create

obstructions in or break up meetings and processions organized by other parties.

Workers or sympathizers of one political party shall not create disturbances at

public meetings organized by another political party by putting questions orally

or in writing or by distributing leaflets of their own party. Processions shall not be

taken out by one party along places at which meetings are held by another party.

Posters issued by one party shall not be removed by workers of another party.


II. Meetings

(1) The party or candidate shall inform the local police authorities of the venue

and time any proposed meeting well in time so as to enable the police to make

necessary arrangements for controlling traffic and maintaining peace and order.

(2) A Party or candidate shall ascertain in advance if there is any restrictive or

prohibitory order in force in the place proposed for the meeting if such orders

exist, they shall be followed strictly. If any exemption is required from such orders,

it shall be applied for and obtained well in time.

(3) If permission or license is to be obtained for the use of loudspeakers or any

other facility in connection with any proposed meeting, the party or candidate

shall apply to the authority concerned well in advance and obtain such permission

or license.

(4) Organizers of a meeting shall invariably seek the assistance of the police on

duty for dealing with persons disturbing a meeting or otherwise attempting to

create disorder. Organisers themselves shall not take action against such persons.

III. Procession

(1) A Party or candidate organizing a procession shall decide beforehand the time

and place of the starting of the procession, the route to be followed and the time

and place at which the procession will terminate. There shall ordinary be on

deviation from the programme.

(2) The organizers shall give advance intimation to the local police authorities of

the programme so as to enable the letter to make necessary arrangement.

(3) The organisers shall ascertain if any restrictive orders are in force in the

localities through which the procession has to pass, and shall comply with the

restrictions unless exempted specially by the competent authority. Any traffic

regulations or restrictions shall also be carefully adhered to.


(4) The organisers shall take steps in advance to arrange for passage of the

procession so that there is no block or hindrance to traffic. If the procession is very

long, it shall be organised in segments of suitable lengths, so that at convenient

intervals, especially at points where the procession has to pass road junctions, the

passage of held up traffic could be allowed by stages thus avoiding heavy traffic

congestion.

(5) Processions shall be so regulated as to keep as much to the right of the road as

possible and the direction and advice of the police on duty shall be strictly

complied with.

(6) If two or more political parties or candidates propose to take processions over

the same route or parts thereof at about the same time, the organisers shall

establish contact well in advance and decide upon the measures to be taken to see

that the processions do not clash or cause hindrance to traffic. The assistance of

the local police shall be availed of for arriving at a satisfactory arrangement. For

this purpose the parties shall contact the police at the earliest opportunity.

(7) The political parties or candidates shall exercise control to the maximum

extent possible in the matter of processionists carrying articles which may be put

to misuse by undesirable elements especially in moments of excitement.

(8) The carrying of effigies purporting to represent member of other political

parties or their leaders, burning such effigies in public and such other forms

demonstration shall not be countenanced by any political party or candidate.

IV. Polling Day

All Political parties and candidates shall –

(i) co-operate with the officers on election duty to ensure peaceful and orderly

polling and complete freedom to the voters to exercise their franchise without

being subjected to any annoyance or obstruction.

(ii) supply to their authorized workers suitable badges or identity cards;


(iii) agree that the identity slip supplied by them to voters hall be on plain (white)

paper and shall not contain any symbol, name of the candidate or the name of the

party;

(iv) refrain from serving or distributing liquor on polling day and during the

twenty- four hours preceding it ;

( v) not allow unnecessary crowd to be collected near the camps set up by the

political parties and candidates near the polling booths so as to avoid

Confrontation and tension among workers and sympathizers of the parties and the

candidate;

(vi) ensure that the candidate’s camps shall be simple .The shall not display any

posters, flags, symbols or any other propaganda material. No eatable shall be

served or crowd allowed at the camps; and

(vii) co-operate with the authorities in complying with the restrictions to be

imposed on

the plying of vehicles on the polling day and obtain permits for them which should

be displayed prominently on those vehicles.

V. Polling Booth

Excepting the voters, no one without a valid pass from the Election Commission

shall enter the polling booths.

VI. Observers

The Election Commission is appointing Observers. If the candidates or their agents

have any

specific complaint or problem regarding the conduct of elections they may bring

the same to the notice of the Observer.


VII. Party in Power

The party in power whether at the Centre or in the State or States concerned, shall

ensure that no cause is given for any complaint that it has used its official position

for the purposes of its election campaign and in particular –

(i) (a) The Ministers shall not combine their official visit with electioneering work

and shall not also make use of official machinery or personnel during the

electioneering work;

(b) Government transport including official air-crafts, vehicles, machinery and

personnel shall not be used for furtherance of the interest of the party in

power;

(ii) Public places such as maidans etc., for holding election meetings, and use of

helipads for air-flights in connection with elections shall not be monopolized by

itself. Other parties and candidates shall be allowed the use of such places and

facilities on the same terms and conditions on which they are used by the party in

power;

(iii) Rest houses, dark bungalows or other Government accommodation shall not

be monopolized by the party in power or its candidates and such accommodation

shall be allowed to be used by other parties and candidates in a fair manner but no

party or candidate shall use or be allowed to use such accommodation (including

premises appertaining thereto) as a campaign office or for holding any public

meeting for the purposes of election propaganda;

(iv) Issue of advertisement at the cost of public exchequer in the newspapers and

other media and the misuse of official mass media during the election period for

partisan coverage of political news and publicity regarding achievements with a

view to furthering the prospects of the party in power shall be scrupulously

avoided.

(v) Ministers and other authorities shall not sanction grants/payments out of

discretionary funds from the time elections are announced by the Commission;

and


(vi) From the time elections are announced by Commission, Ministers and other

authorities shall not –

(a) announce any financial grants in any form or promises thereof; or

(b) (except civil servants) lay foundation stones etc. of projects or schemes of

any kind; or

(c) make any promise of construction of roads, provision of drinking water

facilities etc.; or

(d) make any ad-hoc appointments in Government, Public Undertakings etc.

which may have the effect of influencing the voters in favour of the party in

power.

Note: The Commission shall announce the date of any election which shall be a

date ordinarily not more than three weeks prior to the date on which the

notification is likely to be issued in respect of such elections.

(vii) Ministers of Central or State Government shall not enter any polling station

or place of counting except in their capacity as a candidate or voter or authorized

agent.

VIII Guidelines on Election Manifestos #

1' The supreme court in its judgment dated 5th July2013 in SLP(C) No. 21455 of

2008 (S. Subramaniam Balaii vs Govt. of Tamil Nadu and others) has directed

the Election commission to frame guidelines with regard to the contents of

election manifestos in consultation with all the recognized political parties. The

guiding principles Which will lead to framing of such guidelines are quoted

below from the judgment:-

( i) "Although, the law is obvious that the promises in the election manifesto

cannot be construed as ,corrupt practice, under section 123 of RP Act, the

reality cannot be ruled out that distribution of freebies of any kind,

undoubtedly, influences all people, it shakes the root of free and fair elections

to a large degree.”


( ii) "The Election commission, in order to ensure level playing field between the

contesting parties and candidates in elections and also in order to see that the

purity of the election process does not get vitiated, ‘as in past been issuing

instructions under the Model code of conduct. The fountain head of the

powers under which the commission issues these orders is Article 324 of the

Constitution which mandates the commission to hold free and fair elections.”

(iii) “We are mindful of the fact that generally political parties release their

election manifesto before the announcement of election date, in that scenario,

strictly speaking, the Election commission will not have the authority to

regulate any act which is done before the announcement of the date.

Nevertheless, an exception can be made in this regard as the purpose of

election manifesto is directly associated with the election process".

.

2. Upon receiving the above directions of the Hon,ble Supreme Court, the Election

Commission held a meeting with the recognized National and state political

parties for consultation with them in the matter and took note of their

conflicting views in the matter.

During consultations, while some political parties supported the issuance of

such guidelines, others were of the view that it is their right and duty towards

voters to make such offers and promises in manifestos in a healthy democratic

polity. While the commission agrees in principle with the point of view that

framing of manifestos is the right of the political parties, it cannot overlook the

undesirable impact of some of the promises and offers on the conduct of free

and fair elections and maintaining level

playing field for all political parties and candidates.

3. The constitution under Article 324 mandates the Election commission, to

conduct elections inter alia to the parliament and the State Legislatures. Having

due regard to the above directions of the Supreme Court and after consultation

with the Political parties the Commission, in the interest of free and fair

elections , hereby directs that political parties and Candidates while releasing

election manifestos for any election to the parliament or State Legislatures, shall

adhere to the following guidelines:-


(i). The election manifesto shall not contain anything repugnant to the ideals and

principles enshrined in the constitution and further that it shall be consistent

with the letter and spirit of other provisions of Model Code of Conduct.

(ii). The Directive Principles of state policy enshrined in the constitution enjoin

upon the state to frame various welfare measures for the citizens and therefore

there can be no objection to the promise of such welfare measures in election

manifestos. However,

political parties should avoid making those promises which are likely to vitiate

the purity of the election process or exert undue influence on the voters in

exercising their franchise.

(iii) In the interest of transparency, level playing field and credibility of promises,

it is expected that manifestos also reflect the rationale for the promises and.

broadly indicate the ways and means to meet the financial requirements for it.

Trust of voters should be sought only on those promises which are possible to

be fulfilled.

# the Commission added Part VIII on 19th February,2014 following the Judgment dated 5.7.2013 of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in SLP ( C) No. 21455 of 2008 and TC No. 112 of ?011 -S.Subramaniam Balaji Vs. Govt. of TN& Others.


Chapter 20 A

MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT – FAQs

Q 1. What is the Model Code of Conduct?

Ans. The Model Code of Conduct for guidance of political parties and

candidates is a set of norms which has been evolved with the

consensus of political parties who have consented to abide by the

principles embodied in the said code and also binds them to respect

and observe it in its letter and spirit.

Q 2. What is the need for such a code of conduct?

Ans: It is intended to provide a level playing field for all political parties to

keep the campaign fair and healthy, avoid clashes and conflicts

between parties and ensure peace and order. Its main aim is to ensure

that the ruling party, either at the centre or in the states does not

misuse its official position to gain an unfair advantage in an election.

Similarly effects of money and muscle power are also minimized.

Q 3. What is the role of Election Commission in the matter?

Ans. The Election Commission ensures its observance by political party(ies)

in power, including ruling parties at the Centre and in the States and

contesting candidates in the discharge of its constitutional duties for

conducting the free, fair and peaceful elections to the Parliament and

the State Legislatures under Article 324 of the Constitution of India. It

is also ensured that official machinery for the electoral purposes is not

misused. Further, it is also ensured that electoral offences,

malpractices and corrupt practices such as impersonation, bribing and

inducement of voters, threat and intimidation to the voters are

prevented by all means. In case of violation, appropriate measures are

taken.

Q 4. From which date the Model Code of Conduct is enforced and

operational upto which date?

Ans. The Model Code of Conduct is enforced from the date of

announcement of election schedule by the Election Commission and is

operational till the process of elections are completed.


Q 5. What is applicability of code during general elections and bye-

elections?

Ans. a. During general elections to House of People (Lok Sabha), the code

is applicable throughout the country.

b. During general elections to the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan

Sabha), the code is applicable in the entire State.

c. During bye-elections, the code is applicable in the entire district or

districts in which the constituency falls.

Q 6. What are the salient features of the Model Code of Conduct?

Ans. The salient features of the Model Code of Conduct lay down how

political parties, contesting candidates and party(s) in power should

conduct themselves during the process of elections i.e. on their

general conduct during electioneering, holding meetings and

processions, poll day activities and functioning of the party in power

etc.

Q7. Whether a Minister can combine his official visit with

electioneering work?

Ans. No .The Ministers shall not combine their official visit with

electioneering work and shall not also make use of official machinery

or personnel during the electioneering work.

Q 8. Whether Govt. transport can be used for electioneering work?

Ans. No. No transport including official air-crafts, vehicles etc. shall be

used for furtherance of the interest of any party or a candidate.

Q 9. Whether Govt. can make transfers and postings of officials who

are related to election work?

Ans. There shall be a total ban on the transfer and posting of all

officers/officials directly or indirectly connected with the conduct of

the election. If any transfer or posting of an officer is considered

necessary, prior approval of the Commission shall be obtained.

Q 10. Is there any restriction on issue of advertisement at the cost of

public exchequer regarding achievements with a view to

furthering the prospects of the party in power?


Ans. Yes .The advertisement regarding achievements of the party at the

cost of public exchequer in the print and electronic media and the

misuse of official mass media during the period of election is

prohibited.

Q 11. Whether hoardings/advertisements etc. depicting the

achievements of the party(s) in power at Centre/State

Governments at the cost of public exchequer can be continued?

Ans. No .All such hoardings, advertisements etc. on display shall be

removed forthwith by the concerned authorities. Further, no

advertisements should be issued in the newspapers and other media

including electronic media at the cost of public exchequer.

Q 12. Whether a Minister or any other authority can sanction grants/

payments out of discretionary funds?

Ans. No . Ministers and other authorities shall not sanction

grants/payments out of discretionary funds from the time elections

are announced

Q 13. What are the main guidelines for political parties/candidates

while making election campaign?

Ans. During the election campaign, no party or candidate shall indulge in

any activity which may aggravate existing differences or create

mutual hatred or cause tension between different castes and

communities, religious or linguistic. Further, criticism of other

political parties, when made, shall be confined to their policies and

programme, past record and work. Parties and candidates shall

refrain from criticism of all aspects of private life, not connected with

the public activities of the leaders or workers of other parties.

Criticism of other parties or their workers based on unverified

allegations or distortion shall be avoided.

Q 14. Are there any restrictions in using religious places for election

propaganda?

Ans. Yes .Religious places like Temple, Mosque, Church, Gurudwara or

other places of worship shall not be used as forum for election

propaganda. Further, there shall be no appeal to caste or communal

feelings for securing votes.


Q 15. What happens if a candidate or party does not obey the Model

Code of Conduct (MCC)?

Ans: On such incident coming to the notice of the Election Commission,

the matter is examined after seeking inputs from the field. If necessary

notice /s is/are issued affording opportunity to explain one’s position. In

case the violation of MCC is found, candidate is censured, warned or

advised to be careful in future. Although MCC has no legal backing, the

ECI’s order on MCC has a far reaching impact on prospects of parties &

candidates at an elections.


Chapter 21

EVM - Electronic Voting Machine

Free and fair elections are central to the democratic ethos of any country.

This includes fair, accurate, and transparent electoral process with outcomes that

can be independently verified. Conventional voting accomplishes many of these

goals. However, electoral malpractices like bogus voting and booth capturing pose

a serious threat to spirit of electoral democracy. It has, thus, been the endeavour

of the Election Commission of India to make reforms in the electoral process to

ensure free and fair elections. EVMs, devised and designed by Election Commission

of India in collaboration with two Public Sector undertakings viz., Bharat

Electronics Limited, Bangalore and Electronics Corporation of India Limited,

Hyderabad, is a major step in this direction.

Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in Indian General and State

Elections to implement electronic voting in part from 1999 elections and in total

since 2004 elections. The EVMs reduce the time in both casting a vote and

declaring the results compared to the old paper ballot system. Bogus voting and

booth capturing can be greatly reduced by the use of EVMs. Illiterate people find

EVMs easier than ballot paper system. They are easier to transport the EVMs

compared to ballot boxes. EVM has become the leitmotif of the world's largest

democratic exercise and gets smarter with each avatar. Here is an attempt to

briefly trace the evolution of the EVM and its use in the world’s largest democracy.


Chronological development of EVM

EVMs were first used in 50 polling stations of Parur Assembly Constituency of Kerala in May 1982.

These machines could not be used after 1983 after a Supreme Court ruling that necessitated legal backing for the use of Voting machines in elections. The law was amended by Parliament in December, 1988 and a new section 61A was inserted in the Representation of the People Act, 1951 empowering the Commission to use voting machines. The amended provision comes into force w.e.f. 15th March, 1989.

The matter regarding use of EVMs was referred by the Government of India to Electoral Reforms Committee, appointed by the Central Government in February, 1990 consisting of representatives of several recognized National and State parties.

An Expert Committee was constituted by the Govt. of India, consisting of Prof. S. Sampath, then Chairman RAC, Defence Research and Development Organization, with Prof. P.V. Indiresan, then with IIT, Delhi and Dr C. Rao Kasarabada, the Director Electronics Research and Development Centre, Trivandrum. In its report, the committee concluded that these machines are tamper-proof.

On 24th March, 1992, necessary amendment to the Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961 was notified by the Government in the Ministry of Law and Justice.


The Commission again constituted Technical Expert Committee in December, 2005 comprising Prof. P.V. Indiresan, Prof. D.T. Shahani of IIT Delhi and Prof. A.K. Agarwala of IIT Delhi to get the new version EVMs evaluated before finally accepting these machines for actual use in elections.

Subsequently, the Commission has been consulting a group of technical experts comprising Prof. (Late) P.V. Indiresan (member of the earlier committee), Prof. D.T. Shahani and Prof. A.K. Agarwala of IIT Delhi, on all EVM related technical issues. In November, 2010, the Commission has expanded its Technical Expert Committee by including two more experts, namely, Prof D.K. Sharma from Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT of Mumbai and Prof. Rajat Moona from Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT of Kanpur (now Director General, C-DAC).

Since, November 1998, EVMs have been using in each and every general/bye elections to Parliamentary and Assembly Constituency. In the General Elections to Lok Sabha 2004 & 2009, EVMs were used in all Parliamentary Constituencies throughout the country.


Chapter 22

ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE - FAQs

Q 1. What is an Electronic Voting Machine?

A: It is a simple electronic device used to record votes in place of ballot papers

and boxes which were used earlier in conventional voting system.

Q 2. What are the advantages of EVM over the traditional ballot paper/ballot

box system?

A: (a) It eliminates the possibility of invalid and doubtful votes which, in many

cases, are the root causes of controversies and election petitions.

It makes the process of counting of votes much faster than the conventional

system.

( c ) It reduces to a great extent the quantity of paper used thus saving a large

number of trees making the process eco-friendly.

( d) It reduces cost of printing almost nil as only one sheet of ballot paper required

for each Polling Station.

Q 3. Apart from India which are the other countries that use EVMs in

elections?

A: Bhutan used the Indian EVMs for the whole country during their last elections.

These machines were also used by Nepal for some of their constituencies during

the last general elections in the country.

Q 4. When was the EVM introduced in India?


A: It was first used in 1982 in the bye-election to Parur Assembly Constituency of

Kerala for a limited number of polling stations (50 polling stations).

Q 5. What are the unique features of Indian EVMs?

A: It is a simple machine that can be operated easily by both the polling personnel

and the voters. It is sturdy enough to withstand rough handling and variable

climatic conditions. Being a stand alone machine without any network

connectivity, nobody can interfere with its programming and manipulate the

result. Keeping the erratic power supply position in many places in the country,

the machines have been made to run on batteries.

Q 6. What was the necessity to switch to EVM from ballot paper election?

A: Counting of Ballot papers at an election used to take long hours creating a

charged atmosphere for the counting officials as well as candidates/political

parties. Sometimes this was aggravated further by the demand for recounting

resulting for the low margin of difference of votes between the top 2 candidates

coupled with large number of invalid and doubtful votes.

Q 7. Who manufacture EVMs in India?

A: The two central govt. undertakings i.e. Bharat Electronics Limited and

Electronics Corporation of India Limited are the only manufacturers from whom

the EVMs are procured by the Election Commission of India.

Q 8. Before approving EVM ,whether ECI consulted the political parties?

A : Yes. The matter was discussed with all the recognized political parties and

demonstration held before them.

Q 9. Whether ECI took the advice of technical expert before approving the

EVM?


A : Yes. Before inducting the EVMs, opinion of the Technical Committee comprising

Prof. S. Sampath, Prof. P.V. Indiresan and Dr. C Rao Kasarbada was obtained. The

Committee examined the machines minutely from all technical angles and

unanimously recommended their use in elections.

Q 10. What are the features of Control Unit?

A: The Control Unit is the main unit which stores all data and controls the

functioning of EVM. The program which controls the functioning of the control unit

is burnt into a micro chip on a “one time programmable basis”. Once burnt it

cannot be read, copied out or altered. The EVMs use dynamic coding to enhance

security of data transmitted from ballot unit to control unit. The new EVMs have

also got real time clock and date-time stamping facility which enables them to

record the exact time and date whenever a key is pressed. After the voting is

completed and the close button is pressed, the machine does not accept any data

or record any vote. Through the press of “total” button, the control unit can display

the number of votes recorded till that time which can be cross checked with the

register of voters in Form 17-A. The display system of the control unit shows the

total number of votes polled in a polling station and the candidate-wise votes

polled in the machine when the ‘result’ button is pressed by the counting staff in

the presence of counting agents at the counting centre. The control unit can also

detect any physical tampering made with the connecting cable and indicate the

same in the display unit.

Q 11. How the EVMs can be used in the areas where there is no electricity?

A: The EVM does not depend on electricity. It runs on alkaline batteries.

Q 12. What is the maximum number of votes which can be cast in the EVM?

A :An EVM can record a maximum of 3840 votes which far exceeds the number of

voters(usually less then 1400) assigned to a polling station.

Q 13. In some elections large number of candidates contest. What is the

maximum number of candidates which EVM can cater to?


A: Elections can be conducted through EVMs when the maximum number of

candidates does not exceed 64.

Q 14. What will happen if the number of contesting candidate goes beyond

64?

A: In such cases poll has to be conducted through conventional method of ballot

papers/boxes.

Q 15. How an illiterate voter, will know the steps to vote by using EVM at the

polling station? Whose help should he take?

A: The Presiding Officer will have a card-board replica of the ballot unit with him.

Through this he will demonstrate you how to vote through the EVM. He will,

however, not be allowed to enter the polling chamber, where the actual ballot unit

is kept.

Q 16. Can anybody tamper with the EVMs?

A: Utmost care has been taken to make the EVM tamper proof. The programming

of the microprocessor chip used in EVMs is burnt into the chip. The fused program

can neither be altered nor overwritten. Any attempt to burn additional or

substitute code on the chip would destroy its existing program and render it

unusable/useless. As an additional precautionary measure, the machines

prepared for a poll are physically sealed in the presence of candidates or their

agents and kept in secure strong rooms guarded by Central Police Force which can

also be watched by the representatives of the candidates. The storage places for

these pre-poll or polled EVMs can be accessed only by following a stringent

procedure set by the Commission ensuring complete transparency.

Q 17. Whether EVM can be pre-programmed by anybody to favour any party

or candidate?

A: In order to programme a substituted chip to transfer votes preferentially to a

particular candidate, it would be necessary for the program to identify the serial


number of the favoured candidate. Since the order in which the candidates appear

on the reference ballot paper depends upon the nominations filed and found valid,

it cannot be predicted in advance before the list of contesting candidates is actually

drawn up.

Q 18. What are the procedures ECI follows to ensure transparency and to

prove that EVM is not manipulated by anybody?

A: The Commission has set up stringent procedures at various stages to ensure

the security of the machines. The machines are manufactured only by two public

sector undertakings conforming to the specifications prescribed by the

Commission in consultation with the Technical Committee comprising of

renowned professionals. The machines are checked only by the engineers of the

two PSUs before each election. These are generally stored in Strong rooms in

district headquarters where the entry is restricted. A person is allowed inside the

store only after making necessary entries in the Log Book indicating the date and

time of entry along with purpose for doing so. Once the machines are prepared for

poll by the Returning Officer affixing ballot papers, they are taken to the strong

room in the presence of the Election Observer, candidates or their agents and kept

under double lock on which the candidates/agents can put their seals. The whole

process is also video graphed. The polled EVMs are stored in strong rooms

following similar procedures and are guarded by the security forces in a three tier

cordon. The candidates or their agents are also allowed to keep an watch on the

strong room from a visible distance.

Q 19. What is new procedure called “EVM randomization”, can I know why

this is being done?

A: Despite the EVMs being tamper proof, further precautions are taken by way of

a two stage randomization process for the EVMs to be used in an election. This is

done to make sure that nobody comes to know beforehand to which constituency/

polling station a specific EVM will be used. For this purpose, serial numbers of all

the EVMs to be used under the jurisdiction of a District Election Officer are listed.

The EVMs which are to be used in a particular constituency is then randomly

selected through a computerized process which is known as first level

randomization. Another randomization called second level randomization is done

by the Returning Officer afterwards to determine which specific EVM will be used

at a particular polling station of that constituency.


Q 20. Suppose on the poll day an EVM develops problem, in that case what is

the remedy available?

A: The defective EVM is immediately replaced by a new one by the Sector Officer

who constantly moves with spare polling materials in the area allotted to him

covering a few polling stations.

Q 21. What is a procedure followed to seal the EVM? Why this is being done?

How this is being done?

A: Physical sealing of different segments of an EVM is done to prevent access to the

buttons controlling various process of the poll. This is done in several stages.

Sealing of ballot screen of the ballot unit and the candidate set section of the

control unit are done under the supervision of Returning Officer in the presence of

the candidates or their agents to prevent tampering with the alignment of the

ballot paper and making unwanted changes in the candidate buttons that are

actually required for a particular poll. Similarly , if the result section is not sealed,

any one can see the result of a particular polling station before it is taken up for

counting at the counting center on the specified date. The candidates or their

agents are invited by the election authorities to put their signatures on the

tags/paper seals along with the seals of the Returning/Presiding Officers.

Q 22. After poll, where the EVMs are kept till counting?

A: The polled EVMs are generally stored in a secure storage centre in the

constituency or a nearby place on which the candidates or their representatives

can keep a watch. Mostly it is the same place where the counting is done.

Q 23. How the votes are counted in EVM?

A : In the Counting Centre, the EVMs are kept on a number of counting tables

whose number does not normally exceed 14. Seating arrangements are made for

the counting agents in such a way that they can clearly watch the EVM and its

display. When the result button of an EVM is pressed, its display segment indicates

the total number of votes polled in a particular polling station and then shows the

votes polled by each candidate in a serial order. Besides the counting staff, these

are noted by the counting agents also. At the end of each round, the result of that

round and the progressive total is announced. The result is compiled by summing

up the round wise totals.


Q 24. In our country electoral malpractices such as booth capturing etc. are

reported here and there. Whether EVMs are helpful in preventing booth

capturing?

A: There is no way to prevent booth capturing as such if the EVM itself is snatched

away by the booth capturers. However, the machine cannot register more than 5

votes in a minute or 300 votes in an hour whereas a ballot box could be stuffed

with any number of ballot papers. Further, on the sight of the booth- capturers, the

Presiding Officer can stop the polling by pressing the “Close” button in the Control

unit.

Q 25. Is it possible to use EVM in simultaneous election for Parliament and

State Legislative Assembly?

A: Yes, simultaneous election for Parliamentary and State Legislative Assembly can

be conducted through EVMs. Two separate EVMs –one for the Parliamentary

election and the other for the Assembly election are used in such a situation.

Q 26. How long the Control Unit stores the result in its memory?

A: The result is stored permanently in the memory chip of the EVM till it is

intentionally cleared for readying the machine for subsequent elections. Removal

of batteries from the machine does not have any effect on its memory.

Q 27. At the time of counting , suppose a display in EVM is not showing the

result in such case how the result can be verified?

A: The manufacturers of the EVMs have developed an “Auxiliary Display Unit” (

ADU). With the use of this ADU, results can be retrieved most of the times when

there is a failure of the original display on the Control unit.

Q 28. Is it possible to vote more than once by pressing the button again and

again?

A: No. Once a candidate button is pressed, it will record the vote in favour of the

candidate shown against the button. The machine will not record any more vote

until the ballot button of the Control Unit is pressed again by the Presiding/Polling

Officer.


Q 29. Earlier there was a system of mixing ballot papers so that the voting

preference in a particular polling station is not known. Now the EVMs are

counted one by one and the voting preference of a particular polling station

become known to everybody – Can anything be done about it?

A: A device called ‘Totaliser” has been developed by the manufacturers of the

EVMs which can, at a time, connected with several control units. It will then

indicate the total number of votes polled in each polling station where these EVMs

had been used as well as the grand total of votes polled in those polling stations.

The number of votes polled by each candidate will, however, be shown for the

whole group of polling stations to which the EVMs were used and not for any

individual polling station making it impossible to know the pattern of voting in a

particular polling station.

Q 30. What the world thinks of Indian EVMs?

A : The Indian EVM is a far simpler machine than its counterpart in the USA. Unlike

in USA, our EVM is a standalone machine which cannot be connected to any

network and controlled through network or remote. Its original programme

contained in a burnt chip cannot be altered, making it tamper proof.

Q 31. How can a blind voter vote by using EVM?

A: Like all physically challenged or infirm voters, a blind voter is permitted to take

a companion with him to help him cast the vote. The companion can accompany

him up to the polling compartment. In addition to this, many of the EVMs have

‘Braille” signage on the ballot units indicating the serial number of the candidate.

A dummy ballot paper indicating the names and the serial numbers of the

contesting candidates is provided to the Presiding Officers of selected polling

stations. The Presiding Officer of such polling station will give the dummy ballot

paper to the blind voter on his request. The voter will then note the serial number

of the candidate of his choice and return the dummy ballot paper to the Presiding

Officer before proceeding to the polling compartment. Now, with the help of

“Braille” signage he will be able to locate the particular serial number of the

candidate on the ballot unit on his own and be able to cast his vote independently.

General Elections, 2004 was the conducted totally by using 10.75 lacs EVMs in the country.

7700 Metric Ton of paper used for printing of ballot paper in General Elections, 1999.

8800 Metric Ton of paper used for printing of ballot paper in General Elections, 1996.



Chapter 23

VVPAT: Voter-Verified Paper Audit

Trail

Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is a method of providing feedback to

voters using a ballot less voting system. VVPAT is intended as an independent

verification system for electronic voting machines that allows voters to verify that

their votes are cast as intended and can serve as an additional barrier to changing

or destroying votes.

Under VVPAT, a printer-like apparatus is linked to the EVM. When a vote is cast, a

receipt is generated showing the serial number, name and symbol of the candidate.

It confirms the vote and the voter can verify the details. The receipt, once viewed,

goes inside a container linked to the EVM and can only be accessed by the election

officers in rarest of rare cases.

The system allows a voter to challenge his or her vote on basis of the paper receipt

for the first time. As per a new rule, the booth presiding officer will have to record

the dissent of the voter, which would have to be taken into account at time of

counting.

The VVPAT system was not manufactured due to doubts on the EVM, but was part

of the up gradation of the system.

Chronology of events leading to the use of VVPAT

In All Party Meeting held on 4th October 2010, there was a broad consensus among Political Parties about the continued use of Electronic Voting Machines and several Political Parties suggested that the possibility of incorporating a “Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail” should be explored.

The Election Commission referred the matter to the Expert Committee to examine the possibility of a paper trail and also directed the manufacturers i.e. Bharat Electronics Limited, Bangalore (BEL) and Electronics


Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad (ECIL) to develop a prototype of VVPAT system.

On the recommendation of Technical Experts Committee, a field trail was conducted in Thiruvananthapuram, Delhi, Jaisalmer, Cherapunjee and Leh in the month of July 2011 in the presence and participation of all stakeholders including general voters, national and state political parties, civil society organizations and media.

After incorporation of the changes recommended after the first field trial , a second field trial of prototype VVPAT system was held in Delhi, Thiruvananthapuram, Leh, Jaisalmer and Cherapunjee in July-August, 2012. The Technical Expert Committee approved the final design of the VVPAT units in its meeting held on 19th February, 2013.

The Government of India, vide their notification, dated 14th august 2013, has amended the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, enabling the Commission to use VVPAT with electronic voting machines.

For the first time Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) with Electronic Voting Machines was used for the Noksen Assembly seat in Tuensang district of Nagaland in September, 2013.

In a ruling in October 2013, the Supreme Court (SC), in the case of Subramanian Swamy vs Election Commission of India (ECI), has held that VVPAT (Vote Verifiable Paper Audit Trial) is “indispensable for free and fair elections” and thus, directed the ECI to equip Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) with VVPAT systems to “ensure accuracy of the VVPAT system”.

The Supreme Court directed the Election Commission to introduce a paper trail in EVMs, in a phased manner, for the next general elections in 2014, saying it will ensure free and fair polls. The apex court also directed the Centre to provide financial assistance for introducing Vote Verifier Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) system.

In pursuance of the Supreme Court order, the Election Commission ordered to use VVPAT systems in the New Delhi constituency in Delhi Assembly elections held in 2013. The pilot project e-launched across 186 polling stations catered to 1,18,596 registered voters.


The Election Commission also used Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail System (VVPAT) system in 10 Assembly constituencies in the 40-member State Assembly elections to be held in 2013. VVPAT was also introduced in one constituency each in Delhi (as mentioned above), Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan.

The Commission will need about 14 lakh VVPAT machines to introduce the system in all 543 Lok Sabha constituencies in 2014. However, the Commission is apprehensive that so many machines can be produced and tested in such a short duration of time. The Commission feels that covering all Parliamentary constituencies may not be possible before 2019 General Elections. The Commission has stated that approximately 1500 crore Rupees would be required for procuring VVPAT and installing it at all polling booths across the country.

Photograph showing Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) with

EVM

Sl.No. Name of

State

No. and Name of AC/PC/ Polling

Station

Date of Poll Manufacture

r

During bye- election to Nagaland Legislative Assembly, 2013 VVPAT used in the

following AC

1. Nagaland 51-Noksen (ST) AC (Bye-

election)

21 4/9/2013 BEL& ECIL


During General Election to Mizoram Legislative Assembly, 2013 VVPAT used in the

following ACs

2. Mizoram 1. 10-Aizawl North-I (ST) 25/11/201

3

ECIL

2. 11-Aizwal North-II

(ST)

3. 12-Aizwal North-III

(ST)

4. 13-Aizwal East-I

5. 14-Aizwal East-II (ST)

6. 15-Aizwal West-I (ST)

7. 16-Aizwal West-II (ST)

8. 17-Aizwal West-III

(ST)

9. 18-Aizwal South-I (ST)

10. 19-Aizawl South-II

(ST)

During General Election to NCT of Delhi Legislative Assembly, 2013 VVPAT used in

the following AC

3. NCT of Delhi 40-New Delhi AC 4/12/2013 BEL

During General Election to Lok Sabha, 2014 VVPAT used in the following PCs

4. Mizoram 385 Polling Stations of

1-Mizoram PC

385 11/4/ 2014 BEL

5. Bihar 30- Patna Sahib PC 1746 17/4/2014 BEL

6. Karnataka 26- Bangalore PC 1926 17/4/2014 BEL

7. Chhattisgarh 8- Raipur PC 2204 24/4/2014 ECIL

8 Tamil Nadu 4- Chennai Central PC 1153 24/4/2014 BEL

9 Gujarat 6- Gandhinagar PC 1770 30/4/2014 BEL

10. Uttar Pradesh 35- Lucknow PC 1728 30/4/ 2014 ECIL

11. West Bengal 22- Jadavpur PC 1959 12/5/2014 ECIL

During General Election to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT used in the following ACs in September-October, 2014


12. Maharashtra 38-Amravati AC 245 15/10/201

4

ECIL

42-Achalpur AC 290

47-Wardha 332

61-Bhandara (SC) 429

71-Chandrapur (SC) 336

78-Yavatmal 387

107-Aurangabad

Central

258

108- Aurangabad West

(SC)

274

109- Aurangabad East 250

123-Nashik East 313

124-Nashik Central 279

125-Nashik West 290

225-Ahmednagar City 259

During General Election to Haryana Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT used in the

following ACs

13 Haryana 13-Thanesar AC 161 15/10/201

4

BEL

21-Karnal AC 170

25-Panipat City AC 168

31-Sonipat AC 144

62-Rohtak AC 145

77-Gurgaon AC 171

During General Election to Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT used in the

following ACs

14. Jharkhand 36-Bokaro AC 566 14/12/2014

BEL

40-Dhanbad AC 424 14/12/2014

48-Jamshedpur East AC 262 2/12/2014

49-Jameshdpur West AC

290 2/12/2014


63-Ranchi AC 364 9/12/2014

64-Hatiya AC 434 9/12/2014

65-Karke (SC) AC 388 9/12/2014

During General Election to Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT

used in the following ACs

15. J&K 71-Gandhi Nagar 172 20/12/2014

BEL

72-Jammu East 82

73-Jammu West 171

During General Election to NCT of Delhi Legislative Assembly, 2015, held in January-

February, VVPAT used in the following ACs

16. NCT of Delhi 38-Delhi Cant. 150 7/2/2015 BEL

40-New Delhi 220


Chapter 24

NOTA-‘None of the Above’

For the first time EVMs have a button for NOTA- “none of the above” option for

the electorate to reject all the candidates if they want. Following a Supreme Court

order directing the Election Commission to make provision for electors to exercise

their right not to vote without violation of the secrecy of their decision, the Election

Commission has ordered the Chief Electoral Officers of all States and Union

territories to provide for ‘None of the Above’ (NOTA) option in electronic voting

machines (EVMs) and ballot papers. The Commission clarified that even in the

extreme case of NOTA option poling more votes than any of the candidates in fray,

the candidate polling the maximum number of votes will be declared the winner.

This means, the NOTA will have no impact on the outcome of the polls. Instead of

absentees not choosing to vote, there would be voters casting their vote for

rejection.

Supreme Court, in its judgment dated 27th September 2013 in WP (C) No. 161 of

2004, (People's Union for Civil Liberties and another Vs. the Union of India and

another) has directed the Election Commission to make necessary provision in the

ballot papers/EVMs and provide a button for 'None of the Above' (NOTA) in EVMs

so that the voters who come to the polling booth and decide not to vote for any of

the candidates in the fray, are able to exercise their right not to vote while

maintaining their right of secrecy. The court also held that the provisions of Rule

49-O* under which one not wishing to vote for any candidate had to inform the

Presiding Officer about one’s decision, are ultra vires Article 19 of the Constitution

[protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech] and Section 128

[maintenance of secrecy of voting] of the Representation of the People Act, 1951.

The rationale behind this position was that under the pre -existing system of

implementation of the provisions of Rule 49-O, the principle of secrecy was

violated.

Earlier since the ballot paper or electronic voting machine (EVM) showed only the

list of candidates, a voter could record his vote under Section 49-O directly, but

had to inform the presiding officer at the election booth. This violated the secrecy

of his ballot. However, with paper ballot one could "waste" one's vote by stamping

on multiple candidates; this was the standard method of giving null votes without

violating secrecy before the advent of the EVM.


At present, in an election, a winner will be declared irrespective of the number of

'non-votes'. However, a note of all 'non-votes' will be noted by the Returning

Officer at the time of counting of votes, and seek total number of non-voters will

be available under the Right to Information Act.

In accordance with the order of the Supreme Court "None of the Above (NOTA)”

option shall be printed in a separate panel on the ballot paper below the name of

the last contesting candidate. This ballot paper shall be affixed on the Ballot Unit

of the EVM. These words shall be written in the same language or languages as

used in the case of names of candidates. The size of the panel for “None of the

Above” shall be the same as for the candidates. If the voter presses the button next

to "None of the Above" his desire not to vote for any of the candidates in the fray

will get recorded in the EVM in secrecy. Commission has made appropriate

changes in Part-II of Form 17C used during counting and the result sheet in Form

20 to separately compile the number of persons who used the option not to vote

for any of the candidates in the fray. Election Commission of India has already

issued detailed instructions to ensure compliance with the order of the Court.

The Election Commission has directed that the “None of the Above” (NOTA) option

to be included in the EVMs/ballot papers (in some cases) for the electors to reject

the candidates, if they wish, would be printed in pink for the Assembly poll and in

white for the Parliamentary election.

Chhattisgarh was the first state to exercise the newly introduced ‘None of the

Above’ (NOTA) option in the elections in the entire country. The Commission also

implemented the NOTA option in the recently held elections in the other four

states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Mizoram, and Delhi.

* 49-O: Elector deciding not to vote—If an elector, after his electoral roll number

has been duly entered in the register of voters in Form 17A and has put his

signature or thumb impression thereon as required under sub-rule (1) of rule 49L,

decided not to record his vote, a remark to this effect shall be made against the

said entry in Form 17A by the presiding officer and the signature or thumb

impression of the elector shall be obtained against such remark.

Significance of NOTA

The purpose of including a NOTA Button on the EVMs is to maintain the secrecy of

vote.


Before the introduction of the EVMs in 1998 people exercised the option of non-

voting in secrecy by simply putting a blank ballot slip in the ballot box. This secrecy

was lost with the introduction of the EVMs as the voter who chose not to vote for

any of the contesting candidates, had to inform the presiding officer about the

same.

It is the recognition of the right of a voter to a negative vote (even though it will

not change the outcome of an election) as a part of freedom of expression and the

right ensured in article 21.

It will encourage voter participation and will help fight voter apathy.

It will put pressure on the political party to nominate sound candidates, not the

dubious or the tainted ones.

It will give voice to the disillusioned electorate.

It will help reflect and influence the public opinion that can usher change in the

long term for strengthening of our democracy.

Interesting facts about NOTA:

India has become the 12th country to introduce NOTA or a similar option in its

electoral proceedings.

Other countries which provide this option are: France, Belgium, Greece, Brazil,

and Bangladesh.

NOTA is not right to reject; but will let the disillusioned voters be heard.


Chapter 25

ELECTION PROCESS - FAQs

[A] WHO CAN CONTEST ELECTIONS?

Q 1. What is the minimum age for becoming a candidate for Lok Sabha

(House of People) or Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) election?

Ans. Not less than Twenty Five Years of age on the date of scrutiny of nomination papers.

(Refer: Article 84 (b) of Constitution of India and Article 173 (b) of the Constitution read with Sec. 36 (2) of the Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 2. I am not registered as a voter in any constituency. Can I contest

election?

Ans. No.

You have to be registered as a voter in the current electoral roll to contest election.

(Refer: Sec. 4 (d) and Section 5 (c) of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 3. I am registered as a voter in a particular State. Can I contest election

for Lok Sabha (House of the People) from outside that State?

Ans. Yes.

You can contest election from any constituency in the Country, except autonomous Districts of Assam, Lakshadweep and Sikkim

(Refer: Sec. 4 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).


Q 4. A person is a member of Schedule Caste in a particular State. Can he

contest election from any other State for Lok Sabha (House of People)

from a seat reserved for Scheduled Castes?

Ans. Yes

He can contest election from any other State from a seat reserved for Scheduled Castes.


Q 5. A person is a member of Schedule Tribe in a particular State. Can he

contest election from any other State for Lok Sabha (House of People)

from a seat reserved for Scheduled Tribes?

Ans. Yes

He can contest election from any other State from a seat reserved for

Scheduled Tribes except Lakshadweep, other than those in autonomous

Districts of Assam and excluding the tribal areas of Assam.


Q 6. A person is an elector in a particular State. Can he contest election for

a seat in the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) of any other State?

Ans. No. (Refer: Sec. 5 of the Representation of People Act, 1951)

Q 7. A person is a member of Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes

community. Can he contest an election from a general constituency?

Ans. Yes.

(Refer: Sec. 4 & 5 of the Representation of People Act, 1951)

Q 8. A person is convicted for some offence and is sentenced to

imprisonment for 2 years. Can he contest elections?


Ans. No.

(Refer: Section 8 (3) of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 9. Supposing such person is on bail, pending disposal of his appeal, can

he contest the election?

Ans. No.

Even if a person is on bail, after the conviction and his appeal is pending for disposal, he is disqualified from contesting an election as per Supreme Court’s decision. But if his conviction is also stayed, then he can contest.

Q 10. Can a person confined in Jail vote in an election?

Ans. No.

Such person cannot vote at any election if he is confined in a prison, whether under a sentence of imprisonment or transportation or otherwise, or is in the lawful custody of the police.

(Refer: Section 62(5) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951).

Q 11. Is a person subjected to preventive detention under any law entitled to vote in an election?

Ans. Yes.

He is entitled to vote by Postal Ballot paper.

(Refer: Proviso to Section 62(5) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and Rule 18 (a) (iv) of Conduct of Elections Rules 1961).

[B] SECURITY DEPOSIT

Q 12. Every candidate is required to make security deposit. How much is the

security deposit for Lok Sabha (House of People) election?

Ans. Rs. Twenty Five Thousands.

(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (a) of Representation of People Act, 1951).


Q 13. Is there any concession in security deposit for a candidate belonging

to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe for Lok Sabha (House of People)

election?

Ans. Yes.

It is Rs. Twelve thousand Five Hundred.

(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (a) of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 14. How much is the security deposit for a Vidhan Sabha (Legislative

Assembly) election?

Ans. Rupees Ten Thousands.

(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (b) of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 15. Is there any concession in security deposit for a candidate belonging

to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe for Vidhan Sabha (Legislative

Assembly) election?

Ans. Yes.

It is Rs. Five Thousands.

(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (b) of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 16. If a person, who is a member of Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes

contests election from general seat, how much security deposit he is

required to make to contest election for Lok Sabha (House of the

People) / Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly)?

Ans. Rs. Twelve thousand Five Hundred for Lok Sabha / Rs. Five Thousands for

Vidhan Sabha.

(Refer Section 34 (1) (a) (b) of Representation of People Act 1951).

Q 17. Which candidates lose the deposit?


Ans. A defeated candidate who fails to secure more than one-sixth of the valid votes polled in the constituency will lose his security deposit

(Refer: section 158(4) of Representation of People Act. 1951).

[C] NOMINATIONS

Q 18. Suppose, I am a candidate of a recognised National or State party, how

many proposers I require for my nomination?

Ans. Only one.

(Refer: Sec. 33 (1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 19. If I am an independent candidate or a candidate of registered

unrecognized Political Party, how many proposers I require for

nomination?

Ans. Ten.

(Refer: Proviso to Sec. 33(1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 20. Can a person contest election to Lok Sabha (House of People)/Vidhan

Sabha (Legislative Assembly) from as many constituencies as he likes?

Ans. No.

A person cannot contest from more than two constituencies at a general

election for Lok Sabha (House of People)/Vidhan Sabha (Legislative

Assembly)


Q 21. Whether same restriction applies in relation to bye-elections to any

House held simultaneously?

Ans. Yes.

You cannot contest more than two bye-elections to the same House, if called

simultaneously by the Election Commission.



Q 22. How many nomination papers can be filed for standing as a candidate

in the same Constitutency?

Ans. Four.

(Refer: Proviso to section 33 (6) of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 23. Can I go to the Office of Returning Officer for filing a nomination with

a procession?

Ans. No.

The maximum number of vehicles that will be allowed to come within the

periphery of 100 mtrs. of Returning Officer’s office has been restricted to 3

and maximum number of persons that will be allowed to enter the office of

Returning Officer has been limited to 5 (including the candidate).

Q 24. How many persons are allowed at the time of scrutiny of nominations

by the Returning Officer?

Ans. The candidate, his election agent, one Proposer and one other person (who

can be an advocate) duly authorized in writing by the candidate, but no

other person, may attend at the time fixed for scrutiny of nominations by

Returning Officer.

(Refer: Sec. 36 (1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 25. If a candidate, to whose nomination paper an objection has been

raised, applies for time to rebut such objection, can Returning Officer

grant time for such candidate?

Ans. Yes.

The Returning Officer may adjourn the hearing of the objection till the next

day or the day after that but not beyond 11.00 a.m. on that day. The hearing


in any case should be completed by Returning Officer well before 3.00 p.m.

on the day fixed for withdrawal of candidatures.

[D] OATH OR AFFIRMATION

Q 26. Is it necessary for a candidate to make and subscribe an oath or

affirmation before an officer authorized by the Election Commission?

Ans. Yes.

(Refer: Article 84 (a) or Article 173 (a) of the Constitution, Section 4(a) of Govt. of Union Territory Act, 1963 or section 4(a) Govt. of National Territory of Delhi Act, 1991).

Q 27. Who are authorized persons by the Election Commission before whom to make and subscribe an oath or affirmation?

Ans. For any particular election, the authorized persons are, principally, the

Returning Officer and the Assistant Returning Officer for the constituency.

In the case of a candidate confined in a prison or under preventive

detention, the superintendent of the prison or commandant of the detention

camp in which he is so confined or is under such detention is authorized to

administer the oath. And in the case of a candidate confined to bed in a

hospital or elsewhere owing to illness or any other cause, the medical

superintendent in charge of the hospital or the medical practitioner

attending on him is similarly authorized. If a candidate is outside India,

Indian Ambassador or High Commissioner or diplomatic consular

authorized by him can also administer oath/affirmation.

Q 28. When the oath or affirmation by the candidate is required to be made?

Ans. The candidate, in person, is required to make the oath or affirmation

immediately after presenting his nomination papers and in any case not

later than the day previous to the date of the scrutiny.


[E] ALLOTMENT OF ELECTION SYMBOLS

Q 29. Who allots the election symbols to contesting candidates?

Ans. Returning Officer.

(Refer: The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968).

Q 30. How reserved election symbol is allotted to candidate of a recognized

National or State Party?

Ans. For allotment of reserve symbol, the candidate has to declare in his

nomination form that he has been setup by the concerned recognized party

and has to submit prescribed declaration in Form B from the authorized

office bearer of the party to the effect that he has been setup by that party.

The declaration in Form B should be duly signed by the office bearer of the

Party whose specimen signatures have been communicated in Form–A

subject to condition that both the Forms have been delivered to Chief

Electoral Officer of the State and Returning Officer before 3 P.M on the last

date of making nominations.

(Refer: Paras 8 and 13 the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment)

Order, 1968).

Q 31. Can a candidate deliver the declaration in Form A and Form B with

facsimile signature or signature by means of rubber stamp etc. of the

office bearer of the political party?

Ans. No.

Form A & Form B must bear the signatures in ink of authorized office bearer

of the political party.

(Refer: Para 13 the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order,

1968).

Q 32. Can a candidate sponsored by a registered unrecognized political

party or a candidate contesting as independent choose any one of the

free symbols specified in the list of free symbols?


Ans. Yes.

For the purpose, such candidate may choose 3 free symbols from the list, in

order of preference and mention the same in his nomination paper.

(Refer: Para 12 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order,

1968).

Q 33. Is it necessary for a candidate sponsored by registered unrecognized

political party to submit the Forms A & B to the Chief Electoral Officer

of the State and Returning Officer?

Ans. Yes.

(Refer: Para 13 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order,

1968).

[F] ELECTION CAMPAIGN

Q 34. Whether there is any restriction for plying of vehicles for

electioneering purposes?

Ans. No.

You can ply any number of vehicles (all mechanized/motorized vehicles

including 2 wheelers) for the purpose but you have to seek prior approval

of the Returning Officer for plying such vehicles and must display permit

issued by Returning Officer in original (not photocopy) prominently on the

windscreen of the Vehicle. The permit must bear the number of the vehicle

and name of the candidate in whose favour it is issued. The expenditure

incurred on this will be booked against you.

Q 35. Can a vehicle be used for electioneering purposes without getting

permit from the District Election Officer/Returning Officer?

Ans. No.


Such vehicle shall be deemed to be unauthorized by campaigning for the

candidate and may attract penal provisions of Chapter IX A of the Indian

Penal Code and shall therefore be immediately out of the campaigning

exercise.

Q 36. Is there any restriction for displaying/carrying poster/ placard/

banner/flag of the concerned party or of the candidate on the vehicle

during the procession?

Ans. You may display /carry one poster/placard/banner/flag of your party/or

your own on vehicle during the procession.

Q 37. Is external fitting/modification allowed in the Vehicles used for

campaigning?

Ans. External modification of vehicles including fitting of Loudspeaker thereon,

would be subject to the provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act/Rules and any

other Local Act/Rules. Vehicles with modifications and special campaign

vehicles like Video Rath etc., can be used only after obtaining the requisite

permission from the competent authorities under the Motor Vehicles Act.

Q 38. Are there conditions/guidelines for setting up and operating of

Temporary Offices by Party or candidate?

Ans. Yes.

Such offices can not be opened by way of any encroachment either on public

or private property/ in any religious places or campus of such religious

places/ contiguous to any educational institution / hospital / within 200

meters of an existing polling station. Further, such offices can display only

one party flag and banner with party symbol/photographs and the size of

the banner used in such offices should not exceed ‘4 feet X 8 feet’ subject to

the further condition that if the local laws prescribe a lower size for banner

/ hoarding etc., then the lower size prescribed by local law shall prevail.


Q 39. What is the deadline after which no public meetings and

processions can be taken out?

Ans. You cannot hold public meetings and processions during the period of 48

hours ending with the hour fixed for the conclusion of poll. Suppose, poll

day is 12th June 2014 (Thursday) and hours of poll are from 8.00A.M to 5.00

P.M., the public meetings and processions shall be closed at 5.00 P.M on the

10th June 2014 (Tuesday).

(Refer: Sec. 126 of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 40. Is there any restriction on the presence of political functionaries in a

constituency after campaign period is over?

Ans. Yes.

After the closure of campaign period (mentioned in answer to Q.6 above),

presence of political functionaries etc. who have been brought from outside

the constituency and who are not voters of the constituency should not

continue to remain present in the constituency. Such functionaries should

leave the constituency immediately after campaign period is over.

Q 41. Is such restriction applicable in the case of office bearer who is in-

charge of election of a political party in the State?

Ans. Yes.

However, such restriction is not insisted upon during the general elections

to Lok Sabha/State Assembly only in respect of the office bearer who is in-

charge of the State during the election period. Such office bearer shall

declare his place of stay in the State Headquarters and his movement during

the period in question shall remain confined normally between his party

office and place of his stay. The above restrictions will be applicable to all

other functionaries in all elections.

Q 42. Are there any arrangements for videography of critical events during

the election process?


Ans. Yes.

Video Teams are formed in constituency to record and videotape critical

events like meetings addressed/attended by Ministers, National/State level

leaders of political parties, violent incidents, etc.

Q 43. Is wearing of special accessories like cap, mask, scarf etc. permitted

during the campaigning?

Ans. Yes.

However supply and distribution of main apparels like saree, shirt, etc. by

party/candidate is not permitted as it may amount to bribery of voters.

[G] POLL DAY

Q 44. Is there any facility provided to voters for locating their names in the

electoral roll if a political party cannot set up or not willing to set up a

booth in an area?

Ans Yes.

A “Voter Assistance Booth” is set up in premises/building location where

three or more polling stations are located with a proper signage manned by

a team of officials who are provided with lists of roll in alphabetical order to

assist the voters for locating their sl. no. in the roll and polling station. If

political party inform of their inability in advance, the District Election

Officer may consider making such arrangement in other areas too.

Q 45. Are there any guidelines for setting up of election booth by

candidate/political parties near polling station on the day of poll?

Ans. Election booth can be set up beyond a distance of 200 meters from the

polling stations, only with 1 table and 2 chairs with an umbrella or a piece

of tarpaulin or cloth to protect the two occupants with one banner (3 x 41/2

feet) to display the name of the candidate/ party / election symbol at the

booth. No crowed is allowed.


Q 46. Is it necessary to obtain written permission of the concerned

Government authorities or local authorities for setting up of election

booth?

Ans. Yes.

It is necessary to obtain the written permission of the concerned

Government authorities or local authorities before setting up of such

booths. Written permission must be available with the persons manning the

booth for production before the police/ election authorities concerned on

demand.

Q 47. Is there any restriction on the printing of pamphlets, posters etc?

Ans Yes.

You shall not print or publish, or cause to be printed or published names of

any election pamphlet or poster which does not bear on its face and

addresses of the printer and the publisher thereof.

(Refer: Section 127A of Representation of 1951).

Q 48. Is there any restriction of canvassing in or near polling station?

Ans. Yes.

Canvassing for votes etc. within a distance of one hundred metres of polling

station is prohibited on the day of poll.

(Refer: Section 130 of Representation of 1951).

Q 49. Is there any restriction of going armed to or near polling station?

Ans. Yes.

No person is allowed to go armed with arms as defined in Arms Act 1959 of

any kind within the neighborhood of a polling station on the day of poll.

(Refer: Section 134B of Representation of 1951).


Q 50. Who is entitled for voting through Postal ballot system?

Ans. Special voters, service voters, voters on election duty and electors subjected

to preventive detention are entitled to vote by post subject to their fulfilling

the requirements specified under the Rules.

(Refer: Rule 18 of Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961).

Q 51. Who can exercise Proxy Voting?

Ans. As an alternative option to postal ballot, service voters belonging to the

Armed Forces and members belonging to a Force to which provisions of the

Army Act applies, have been provided with a facility to opt to vote either

through proxy or through postal ballot papers.

(Refer: Section 60 of Representation of People Act, 1951).

[H] MICRO OBSERVERS

Q 52. What is the concept of Micro Observer?

Ans. An officer/official of Central Govt./ Public Sector undertakings of Central

Govt. working in the district is deployed as a Micro Observer at a polling

station or a group of polling stations located in a premises/building who

works directly under the control and supervision of Observer of Election

Commission of India.

Q 53. What is the criterion for deployment of Micro Observers?

Ans. Polling stations are short listed for the purpose on the basis of various

factors which contribute to vulnerability of voters.

Q 54. What are the duties of Micro Observer on the poll day?

Ans. The duties of Micro Observer are mainly to watch the following aspects:-


(i) Mock poll procedures, (ii) Presence of polling agents and observance of ECI instructions

with regard to them, (iii) Observance of entry pass system and access to polling station, (iv) Proper identification of electors in accordance with ECI

guidelines, (v) Identification and recording procedures for the absentee, shifted

and duplicate voters list (ASD list), wherever made, (vi) Application of Indelible Ink, (vii) Noting down particulars of electors in the register in Form 17A, (viii) Maintenance of secrecy of voting, (ix) Conduct of polling agents, their complaints,

If the Micro observer feels that the poll is, for any reason being vitiated

he will immediately bring it to the notice of the constituency Observer

for taking remedial action.

[I] ELECTION EXPENDITURE

Q 55. Is a candidate free to spend as much as he likes on his election?

Ans. No.

A candidate is not free to spend as much as he likes on his election. The law prescribes that the total election expenditure shall not exceed the prescribed maximum limit for the constituency concerned.

(Refer: Rule 90 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 and Section 123 (6) of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 56. What is the limit for election expenditure in a parliamentary

constituency in bigger states, like, UP, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, M.P?

Ans. The limit for election expenditure is revised from time to time. At present the limit of expenditure for a parliamentary constituency in bigger states like U. P, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh is Rs. 40 lakhs.

(Refer: Rule 90 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961).


Q 57. What is the limit of such expenditure for an Assembly Constituency in

these bigger States?

Ans. At present, the limit of election expenditure for an assembly constituency in the above bigger states is Rs. 16 lakhs.


Q 58. Are these limits uniform for all States? If not, can you tell the lowest

limit for a Parliamentary Constituency at present?

Ans. No.

The maximum limits of election expenditure varies from State to State. The lowest limit at present for a parliamentary constituency is Rs. 16 lakhs for the constituency of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu and Lakshadweep.


Q 59. Are the candidates required to file any account of election

expenses?

Ans. Yes.

Every candidate at an election to the House of the People or State Legislative Assembly is required to keep, either by himself or by his election agent, a separate and correct account of all expenditure in connection with the election incurred or authorized by him or his election agent between the date on which he has been nominated and the date of declaration of result, both dates inclusive. Every contesting candidate has to lodge a true copy of the said account within 30 days of result of the election.

(Refer : Sections 77 & 78 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 60. Who is the authority before whom such account is to be lodged?

Ans. The account of election expenses shall be lodged by a contesting candidate with the District Election Officer of the district in which the constituency from which he contested lies.

(Refer : Section 78 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).


Q 61. If a candidate is contesting from more than one constituency, is

he required to file separate accounts or only one consolidated

account?

Ans. If a candidate is contesting from more than one constituency, he has to lodge a separate return of election expenses for every election which he has contested. The election for each constituency is a separate election.

(Refer : Section 77 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 62. What is the penalty if a candidate does not file his account of

election expenses?

Ans. If the Election Commission is satisfied that a person has failed to lodge an

account of election expenses within the time and in the manner required by

or under the Representation of People Act,1951 and he has no good reason

or justification for the failure, it has the power to disqualify him for a period

of 3 years for being chosen as, and for being, a member of either House of

Parliament or the Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council of a State.

(Refer : Section 10A of the Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 63. Whether expenditure on travel incurred by Star Campaigners

(leaders ) of political party for propagating programme of that party

shall be treated as expenditure incurred/authorized by a candidate of

that party? If so, what are the conditions?

Ans. Only in the case of expenditure on travel in respect of Star Campaigners

(leaders) of the Political Party who have submitted the list of such leaders

(40 in the case of National and State parties and 20 in the case of registered

unrecognized party) within 7 days from the date of issue of notification to

the Election Commission and Chief Electoral Officer of the State concerned

for availing benefit is exempted, failing which such expenditure shall be

treated as an expenditure incurred/authorized by the concerned candidate

of that party.

(Refer: Clause (a) of Explanation 1 to Section 77 of the Representation of

People Act, 1951).


Q 64. Whether a person who is not a member of the party can be nominated

as a Star Campaigner (Leader) of the Party for the purpose?

Ans. No.

(Refer: Section 77(1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).

Q 65. Can the name of a Star Campaigner(s) be allowed to be substituted

from the list of Star Campaigners (leaders) after it is submitted to the

Commission?

Ans. No.

Substituting a name from the list is permitted under the law only where any

of the persons mentioned in the list dies or ceases to be a member of the

political party concerned and not otherwise.

(Refer : Explanation 2 to Section 77(1) of Representation of People Act,

1951).

Q 66. Whether a candidate who has been declared as a Star Campaigner

(leader) by a political party can be considered to be a Star Campaigner

(leader) of his political party in his own constituency from where he is

contesting election for the purpose of explanation to Section 77 (1) of

Representation of People Act, 1951?

Ans. No.

Such leader cannot be considered Star Campaigner (leader) of his political

party in his own constituency. In his own constituency, he is a candidate

first. The expenditure incurred by him within his constituency is to be

booked against his election expenditure.

Q 67. Can a friend of a candidate incur expenditure for promoting his

election without his approval?

Ans. Expenditure exceeding the amount of Rs.10/- incurred for promoting of election without approval of the candidate is punishable.


(Refer: Section 171H of Indian Penal Code).

Q 68. Suppose an expenditure is incurred by a friend with the approval of

candidate for promoting his election, is such expenditure to be booked

against the accounts of candidate?

Ans. Yes. (Refer: Section 77 of Representation of People Act, 1951).


Chapter 26

VOTERS ENROLLMENT PROCESS- FAQs

Q 1. Who is eligible for enrollment as a Voter?

Ans. (a) Every Citizen who is 18 years old on the qualifying date (1st January of

the concerned year, unless disqualified is eligible to be enrolled).

(b) Enrolment only at ordinary place of residence.

(c) Enrolment only at one place.

(d) Overseas Indian deemed to be ordinarily resident at address given in

passport.

(e) Service Voters deemed to be ordinarily resident at their home address.

Q 2. Who is disqualified to become voter?

Ans. Only persons who are of unsound mind and have been declared so by a

competent court or disqualified due to ‘Corrupt Practices’ or offences relating

to elections are not entitled to be registered in the electoral rolls.

Q 3. Which is the relevant date for determining the age qualification of 18

years?

Ans. According to Section 14 (b) of the R. P. Act, 1950, the qualifying date means

the first day of January of the year in which the electoral roll is prepared or

revised.

Q 4. Suppose you have completed 18 years of age today. Can you get yourself

registered as voter?


Ans: No. You can get yourself registered as Voter only on Ist January or thereafter

of the year in which the electoral roll is prepared or revised.

Q 5. What proof of residence do I need to show to get enrolled as a voter?

Ans: You can show any proof of residence like passport, bank pass book, driving

license etc. Or any govt. Document to facilitate the work of registration.

Q 6. Can a non –Citizen of India become a voter?

Ans: No. A person who is not a citizen of India cannot be registered as a voter.

Article 326 of the Constitution read with Sec. 16 of R. P. Act, 1950 clarify the

point.

Q 7. Can a non resident Indian Citizen become a voter?

Ans: Yes, according to the provisions of the Representation of the People

(Amendment) Act, 2010, a person who is a citizen of India and who has not

acquired the citizenship of any other country and is otherwise eligible to be

registered as a voter and who is absenting from his place of ordinary

residence in India owing to his employment, education or otherwise is

eligible to be registered as a voter in the constituency in which his place of

residence in India as mentioned in his passport is located.

Q 8. If I am working and living in Delhi, Can I be a voter in my native village?

Ans. No. If you are working in Delhi and residing there, you are an ordinary resident of Delhi in terms of Sec 19 (b). Therefore you can be enrolled at Delhi only and not in your native village.

Q 9. Can one be enrolled at more than one place?

Ans. No. A person cannot be enrolled as a voter in more than one place in the same

constituency or in more than one constituency in view of the provisions

contained under Sec. 17 and 18 of R. P. Act, 1950.

Q 10. How Can I enroll/ register as a new voter and get Voter ID Card? What

are various modes available to an eligible voter for an enrollment?


Ans. You have to submit a filled in Form - 6 and submit it to the Electoral

Registration Officer (ERO) of the Assembly Constituency and your name will

be included in the electoral roll as a voter. There are various ways to submit

Form-6. These are as follows:

1. Online Application:

Step 1. Log on to www.eci.nic.in or www.ceodelhi.gov.in, or respective

states Chief Electoral Officer (CEOs) websites where new voter

ordinarily resides . Click on tab “Online Voter Registration”

Step 2. Sign up to obtain a user name and password.

Step 3. Upload one passport size colour photo in the space mentioned

(Mandatory).

Step 4. Upload the proof of residence and age (optional). In case you are

unable to upload, the Booth Level Officer (BLO) may also collect the

documents from your house.

2. By Post:

Step 1. Download Form-6 from www.eci.nic.in or respective states CEOs

websites. Fill it and attach documents.

Step 2. Post it to the voter’s centre of your constituency.

3. Deliver By Hand :

Step 1. Download Form-6 from www.eci.nic.in or respective states CEOs

websites. Fill it and attach necessary documents.

Step 2. Give the completed form to the Voters Registration Centre of your

constituency or to the BLO.

Q 11. How I can get correction in names / other details that have been

misspelt in the Electoral Roll or Voter ID Card?

Ans. Such mistakes are usually in respect of age, spelling of name and address etc.

(a) Please fill in Form-8 along with proof of the correct information. For

example, for getting age corrected, please attach proof of age such as School

Board Examination Result Certificate. For proving correct residence, please

give proof of residence etc.

(b) In case the mistake has been due to an error on the part of the Election

Officials then the correction will be made free of cost. In case you are

responsible for the mistake in the first place such as by entering incorrect

information, then you need to pay Rs.25/- in cash at your voter’s registration


http://www.ceodelhi.gov.in/




centre for receiving the corrected Voter Identity Card (EPIC). Please

remember to take the receipt for the amount paid by you.

Q 12. How can a Non –resident Indian citizen get registered / enrolled as

Voter?

Ans. He/she has to file the application for the purpose in prescribed Form 6A

before the Electoral Registration Officer (ERO) of the constituency within

which the place of ordinary residence of the applicant in India as given in

his/her valid passport falls. The application can be presented in person

before the ERO or sent by post addressed to the ERO concerned. If the

application is sent by post it must be accompanied by duly self attested copy

of the passport and all relevant documents mentioned in Form 6A.

Q 13. How Can You check your name in electoral roll?

Ans. Go to the Home page of website of the respective State CEOs and click on

tab “Check your Name in the Voter’s list” OR use SMS facility for checking

your details Type EPIC<SPACE>Voter ID No and sent to 9211728082.

Q 14. How Can You find status of your application for enrolment?

Ans. Go to the Home page of website of the respective State CEOs and click on tab

“Know the Status of Your application for enrolment.”

Q 15. I have shifted my residence recently. I have photo epic card with the

old address. Can I get new epic card for the present address?

Ans. In case you are already enrolled as a voter and have shifted your address,

then the procedure to be followed to enroll you at your new address will

depend on whether you are residing in the same assembly constituency or

your new residence is in a new assembly constituency.

In case your new residence is in a different assembly constituency then you

have to fill in form 6. For this you can either fill it online or give it personally

http://ceodelhi.gov.in/OnlineErms/ElectorSearch.aspx


or by post. For the procedure involved, please look at answers to questions

no. 2, 3, 4 and 5 above. The only document that you are required to submit

is the proof of your new residence such as electricity bill etc. No other

document is required to be submitted by you.

In case your new residence is in the same assembly constituency then you

have to fill Form 8A. For this you can either fill it online or give it personally

or by post. For the procedure involved, please look at answers to questions

no. 2, 3, 4 and 5 above. The only document that you are required to attach is

proof of your new residence such as electricity bill etc. You are not required

to submit any other document.

Q 16. I have recently got married. How can I get my wife enrolled at my

address?

Ans. This will depend on the following:-

(a) If your wife is a voter for the first time then she will have to fill in Form-6

for enrolment as a new voter.

(b) In case your wife is already a voter but not in the same Assembly

Constituency (such as enrolled in some other Assembly Constituency of Delhi,

or anywhere else in India), then she will need to fill in Form-6 for change of

residence.

(c) If she is a voter in the same Assembly Constituency as you but needs only

to change her address then, in such case she needs to fill in Form-8A for

change of residence within the same Assembly Constituency.

(d) As proof of residence she can submit a copy of her marriage certificate or

copy of the marriage invitation card.

Q 17. What are the various forms useful for registration as

voter/correction/change in address etc., where these forms can be

obtained?

Ans: Forms are available on the website of the Election Commission of India

www.eci.nic.in or respective states CEOs websites. The various forms useful

for registration are as follows:-

For new voter fill application in form 6 . Overseas voters may file application in form 6 a.



If you want a vote deleted, you can file an objection in form 7. For any correction in voter list or voter card fill application form 8. If you have changed your address within the constituency, please file your

application in form 8a.

Form can be submitted to district election office, electoral registration officer

or booth level officer of your area.

Q 18. I have lost my old epic card. How can I get a new epic card?

Ans. You can deposit a copy of the FIR lodged at the Police Station. You will get a new EPIC Card after deposit of Rs. 25 with ERO/AERO of your area. The dates for issuing EPIC Cards are published in leading Newspapers.

Q 19. Who is responsible for the preparation of electoral rolls for a Parliamentary or Assembly Constituency?

Ans. The Electoral Registration Officer (ERO). In the case of Delhi, these are the area Sub-Divisional Magistrates/Additional District Magistrates. The Electoral Registration officer is responsible for the preparation of electoral rolls for an Assembly Constituency which itself is the roll for the Parliamentary Constituency in so far as that Assembly Segment is concerned.

Q 20. How to get information about Polling Stations, Electoral Rolls, Election

Officer’s Names and Contact Phone Numbers on maps on ECI Website?

Ans: Election Commission of India in its constant Endeavour to provide

information and services to citizens in a hassle free manner has started a new

service on website of the commission – www.eci.nic.in.

A. Click on ECI website a tab named “information linked to polling station map” provided on the left –side panel.

B. Select the state and district / assembly constituency / polling station. C. Click on “click here” button. D. After viewing a specific polling station pin, a balloon on the map. E. Click on the balloon/pin to view names and contact nos of CEOs, DEOs,

EROs and BLOs.

A link is also provided to view electoral roll in pdf formats provided by the

states.

Q 21. What are the grievance redressal mechanisms available to you?



Ans: If you have any grievance in regard to electoral roll, electors photo identity

card or any other election related matter you may approach following officers:-

Sl.

No.

Officer Level

1 Chief Electoral Officer At the state level

2 District Election Officer At the district level

3 Returning Officer At the Constituency level

4 Assistant Returning Officer At the Taluka/ Tahsil level

5 Electoral Registration Officer At the Constituency level

6 Presiding Officer At Polling station

7 Zonal Officer For a group of polling stations

(Detailed addresses are available on the websites of the CEOs of respective

states/UTs).

During every election, the Commission appoints observers who are senior

civil service officers from outside the state. If you have any grievances or

problems, you should approach them.


Chapter 27

IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF REPRESENTATION OF PEOPLE ACT, 1951

Sec 8: Disqualification on conviction for certain offences: 1) A person convicted of an offence punishable under— a) section 153A (offence of promoting enmity between different groups on ground

of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony) or section 171E (offence of bribery) or section 171F (offence of undue influence or personation at an election) or sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 376 or section 376A or section 376B or section 376C or section 376D (offences relating to rape) or section 498A (offence of cruelty towards a woman by husband or relative of a husband) or sub-section (2) or sub-section (3) of section 505 (offence of making statement creating or promoting enmity, hatred or ill-will between classes or offence relating to such statement in any place of worship or in any assembly engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies) of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860); or

b) the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 (22 of 1955) which provides for punishment for the preaching and practice of "untouchability", and for the enforcement of any disability arising therefrom; or

c) section 11 (offence of importing or exporting prohibited goods) of the Customs Act, 1962 (52 of 1962); or


d) sections 10 to 12 (offence of being a member of an association declared unlawful, offence relating to dealing with funds of an unlawful association or offence relating to contravention of an order made in respect of a notified place) of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (37 of 1967); or

e) the Foreign Exchange (Regulation) Act, 1973 (46 of 1973); or f) the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (61 of 1985); or g) section 3 (offence of committing terrorist acts) or section 4 (offence of

committing disruptive activities) of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (28 of 1987); or

h) section 7 (offence of contravention of the provisions of sections 3 to 6) of the Religious Institutions (Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1988 (41 of 1988); or

i) section 125 (offence of promoting enmity between classes in connection with the election) or section 135 (offence of removal of ballot papers from polling stations) or section 135A (offence of booth capturing) of clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 136 (offence of fraudulently defacing or fraudulently destroying any nomination paper) of this Act; 1[or]

j) section 6 (offence of conversion of a place of worship) of the Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991;or

k) section 2 (offence of insulting the Indian National Flag or the Constitution of India) or section 3 (offence of preventing singing of National Anthem) of the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 (69 of 1971),or

l) the Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 (3 of 1988); or m) the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988); or n) the Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (15 of 2002), shall be disqualified, where

the convicted person is sentenced to—

i) only fine, for a period of six years from the date of such conviction; ii) imprisonment, from the date of such conviction and shall continue to

be disqualified for a further period of six years since his release.

2) A person convicted for the contravention of— a) any law providing for the prevention of hoarding or profiteering; or b) any law relating to the adulteration of food or drugs; or c) any provisions of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961);

3) A person convicted of any offence and sentenced to imprisonment for not less than two years [other than any offence referred to in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2)] shall be disqualified from the date of such conviction and shall continue to be disqualified for a further period of six years since his release. 4) Notwithstanding anything 8[in sub-section (1), sub-section (2) or sub-section (3)] a disqualification under either subsection shall not, in the case of a person who on the date of the conviction is a member of Parliament or the Legislature of a State, take effect until three months have elapsed from that date or, if within that period an appeal or application for revision is brought in respect of the


conviction or the sentence, until that appeal or application is disposed of by the court. Explanation –In this section: a) "law providing for the prevention of hoarding or profiteering" means any law, or any order, rule or notification having the force of law, providing for—

(i) the regulation of production or manufacture of any essential commodity; (ii) the control of price at which any essential commodity may be bought or sold; (iii) the regulation of acquisition, possession, storage, transport, distribution, disposal, use or consumption of any essential commodity; (iv) the prohibition of the withholding from sale of any essential commodity ordinarily kept for sale;

(b) "drug" has the meaning assigned to it in the Durgs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (23 of 1940); (c) "essential commodity" has the meaning assigned to it in the Essential Commodity Act, 1955 (10 of 1955); (d) "food" has the meaning assigned to it in the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 Sec 8A: Disqualification on ground of corrupt practices: (1) The case of every person found guilty of a corrupt practice by an order under section 99 shall be submitted, as soon as may be,within a period of three months from the date such order takes effect, by such authority as the Central Government may specify in this behalf, to the President for determination of the question as to whether such person shall be disqualified and if so, for what period: Provided that the period for which any person may be disqualified under this sub-section shall in no case exceed six years from the date on which the order made in relation to him under section 99 takes effect. (2) Any person who stands disqualified under section 8A of this Act as it stood immediately before the commencement of the Election Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975 (40 of 1975), may, if the period of such disqualification has not expired, submit a petition to the President for the removal of such disqualification for the unexpired portion of the said period. (3) Before giving his decision on any question mentioned in sub-section (1) or on any petition submitted under subsection (2), the President shall obtain the opinion of the Election Commission on such question or petition and shall act according to such opinion. Sec 34. Deposits:


(1) A candidate shall not be deemed to be duly nominated for election from a constituency unless he deposits or causes to be deposited:-

(a) in the case of an election from a Parliamentary constituency, a sum of Twenty five thousand rupees or where the candidates is a member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe , a sum of Twelve thousand five hundred rupees; and (b) in the case of an election from an Assembly or Council constituency, a sum of ten thousand rupees or where the candidate is a member of Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe, a sum of five thousand rupees : Provide that where a candidate has been nominated by more than one nomination paper for election in the same constituency, not more than one deposit shall be required of him under this sub-section.

(2) Any sum required to be deposited under sub-section (I) shall not be deemed to have been deposited under that sub-section unless at the time of delivery of nomination paper [under sub-section (I) or, as the case may be, sub-section (IA) of section 33] the candidate has either deposited or caused to be deposited that sum with the returning officer in cash or enclosed with the nomination paper a receipt showing that the sum has been deposited by him or on his behalf in the Reserve Bank of India or in a Government Treasury.

Section 52: Death of a Candidate of a recognized political party before poll: (1) If a candidate set up by a recognized political party –

(a) dies at any time after 11.00 A.M. on the last date for making nominations and his nomination is found valid on scrutiny under section 36; or (b) whose nomination has been found valid on scrutiny under section 36 and who has not withdrawn his candidature under section 37, dies, and in either case, a report of his death is received any any time before the publication of the list of contesting candidates under section 38; or

(c) dies as a contesting candidate and a report of his death is received before the commencement of the poll,the returning officer shall, upon being satisfied about the fact of the death of the candidate, by order, announce an adjournment of the poll to a date to be notified later and report the fact to the Election Commission and also to the appropriate authority: Provided that no order for adjourning a poll should be made in a case referred to in clause (a) except after the scrutiny of all the nominations including the nomination of the deceased candidate.

(2) The Election Commission shall, on the receipt or a report from returning officer under sub-section (1), call upon the recognized political party whose candidate has died, to nominate another candidate for the said poll within seven days of issue of


such notice to such recognized political party and the provisions of sections 30 to 37 shall, so far as my be, apply in relation to such nomination as they would apply to other nominations: Provided that no person who has given a notice of withdrawal of his candidature under sub-section (1) of section 37 before the adjournment of the poll shall be ineligible for being nominated as a candidate for the election after such adjournment. (3) Where a list of contesting candidates had been published under section 38 before the adjournment of the poll under sub-section (1), the returning officer shall again prepare and publish a fresh list of contesting candidates under that Section so as to include the name of the candidate who has been validly nominated under sub-section (2). Explanation –For the purposes of this section, sections 33 and 38, “recognized Political party”, means a political party recognized by the Election Commission under the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968 Section 77: Account of election expenses and maximum thereof:

(1) Every candidate at an election shall, either by himself or by his election agent, keep a file separate and correct account of all expenditure in connection with the expenses incurred or authorized by him or by his election agent between [the date on which he has been nominated] and the date of declaration of the result there of, both dates inclusive.

Explanation 1- For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that

(a) the expenditure incurred by leaders of a political party on account of travel by air or by any other means of transport for propagating programme of the political party shall not be deemed to be the expenditure in connection with the election incurred or authorized by a candidate of that political party or his election agent for the purposes of this sub-section;

(b) any expenditure incurred in respect of any arrangements made, facilities provided or any other act or thing done by any person in the service of the Government and belonging to any of the classes mentioned in clause (7) of section 123 in the discharge or purported discharge of his official duty as mentioned in the proviso to that clause shall not be deemed to be expenditure in connection with the election incurred or authorized by a candidate or by his election agent for the purposes of this sub-section.

Explanation 2 – For the purpose of clause (a) of Explanation 1, the expression “leaders of a political party”, in respect of any election, means –


(i) where such political party is a recognized political party, such persons not exceeding forty in number, and

(ii) where such political party is other than a recognized political party, such persons not exceeding twenty in number,

whose names have been communicated to the Election Commission and the Chief Electoral Officers of the States by the political party to be leaders for the purposes of such election, within a period of seven days from the date of the notification for such election published in the Gazette of India or Official Gazette of the State, as the case may be, under this Act:

Provided that a political party may, in the case where any of the persons referred to in clause (i) or, as the case may be, in clause (ii) dies or cease to be a member of such political party, by further communication to the Election Commission and the Chief Electoral Officers of the States, substitute new name, during the period ending immediately before forty-eight hours ending with the hour fixed for the conclusion of the last poll for such election, for the name of such person died or ceased to be a member, for the purposes of designating the new leader in his place.

(2) The account shall contain such particulars, as may be prescribed.

(3) The total of the said expenditure shall not exceed such amount as may be prescribed.

Sec 123. Corrupt practices: The following shall be deemed to be corrupt practices for the purposes of this Act:— (1) "Bribery", that is to say—

(A) any gift, offer or promise by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent of any gratification, to any person whomsoever, with the object, directly or indirectly of inducing—

(a) a person to stand or not to stand as, or to withdraw or not to withdraw from being a candidate at an election, or (b) an elector to vote or refrain from voting at an election, or as a reward to—

(i) a person for having so stood or not stood, or for having withdrawn or not having withdrawn his candidature; or (ii) an elector for having voted or refrained from voting;


(B) the receipt of, or agreement to receive, any gratification, whether as a motive or a reward—

(a) by a person for standing or not standing as, or for 6[withdrawing or not withdrawing] from being, a candidate; or (b) by any person whomsoever for himself or any other person for voting or refraining from voting, or inducing or attempting to induce any elector to vote or refrain from voting, or any candidate to withdraw or not to withdraw his candidature.

Explanation – For the purposes of this clause the term "gratification" is not restricted to pecuniary gratifications or gratifications estimable in money and it includes all forms of entertainment and all forms of employment for reward but it does not include the payment of any expenses bona fide incurred at, or for the purpose of, any election and duly entered in the account of election expenses referred to in section 78. (2) Undue influence, that is to say, any direct or indirect interference or attempt to interfere on the part of the candidate or his agent, or of any other person 7[with the consent of the candidate or his election agent], with the free exercise of any electoral right: Provided that—

(a) without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of this clause any such person as is referred to therein who—

(i) threatens any candidate or any elector, or any person in whom a candidate or an elector is interested, with injury of any kind including social ostracism and ex-communication or expulsion from any caste or community; or (ii) induces or attempts to induce a candidate or an elector to believe that he, or any person in whom he is interested, will become or will be rendered an object of divine displeasure or spiritual censure, shall be deemed to interfere with the free exercise of the electoral right of such candidate or elector within the meaning of this clause;

(b) a declaration of public policy, or a promise of public action, or the mere exercise of a legal right without intent to interfere with an electoral right, shall not be deemed to be interference within the meaning of this clause.

(3) The appeal by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent to vote or refrain from voting for any person on the ground of his religion, race, caste, community or language or the use of, or appeal to religious symbols or the use of, or appeal to, national symbols, such as the national flag or the national emblem, for the furtherance of the prospects of the election of that candidate or for prejudicially affecting the election of any candidate: Provided that no symbol allotted under this Act to a candidate shall be deemed to be a religious symbol or a national symbol for the purposes of this clause.


(3A) The promotion of, or attempt to promote, feelings of enmity or hatred between different classes of the citizens of India on grounds of religion, race, caste, community, or language, by a candidate or his agent or any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent for the furtherance of the prospects of the election of that candidate or for prejudicially affecting the election of any candidate. (3B) The propagation of the practice or the commission of sati or its glorification by a candidate or his agent or any other person with the consent of the candidate or his election agent for the furtherance of the prospects of the election of that candidate or for prejudicially affecting the election of any candidate.

Explanation—For the purposes of this clause, "sati" and "glorification" in relation to sati shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 (3 of 1988). (4) The publication by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent, of any statement of fact which is false, and which he either believes to be false or does not believe to be true, in relation to the personal character or conduct of any candidate, or in relation to the candidature, or withdrawal,of any candidate, being a statement reasonably calculated to prejudice the prospects of that candidate's election. (5) The hiring or procuring, whether on payment or otherwise, of any vehicle or vessel by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent, or the use of such vehicle or vessel for the free conveyance of any elector (other than the candidate himself, the members of his family or his agent) to or from any polling station provided under section 25 or a place fixed under sub-section (1) of section 29 for the poll: Provided that the hiring of a vehicle or vessel by an elector or by several electors at their joint costs for the purpose of conveying him or them to and from any such polling station or place fixed for the poll shall not be deemed to be a corrupt practice under this clause if the vehicle or vessel so hired is a vehicle or vessel not propelled by mechanical power: Provided further that the use of any public transport vehicle or vessel or any tramcar or railway carriage by any elector at his own cost for the purpose of going to or coming from any such polling station or place fixed for the poll shall not be deemed to be a corrupt practice under this clause. Explanation –In this clause, the expression "vehicle" means any vehicle used or capable of being used for the purpose of road transport, whether propelled by


mechanical power or otherwise and whether used for drawing other vehicles or otherwise. (6) The incurring or authorizing of expenditure in contravention of section 77. (7) The obtaining or procuring or abetting or attempting to obtain or procure by a candidate or his agent or, by any other person 1[with the consent of a candidate or his election agent], any assistance (other than the giving of vote) for the furtherance of the prospects of that candidate's election, from any person whether or not in the service of the Government and belonging to any of the following classes, namely:—

(a) gazetted officers; (b) stipendiary judges and magistrates; (c) members of the armed forces of the Union; (d) members of the police forces; (e) excise officers; (f) revenue officers other than village revenue officers known as lambardars, malguzars, patels, deshmukhs or by any other name, whose duty is to collect land revenue and who are remunerated by a share of, or commission on, the amount of land revenue collected by them but who do not discharge any police functions; and (g) such other class of persons in the service of the Government as may be prescribed: Provided that where any person, in the service of the Government and belonging to any of the classes aforesaid, in the discharge or purported discharge of his official duty, makes any arrangements or provides any facilities or does any other act or thing, for, to, or in relation to, any candidate or his agent or any other person acting with the consent of /the candidate or his election agent (whether by reason of the office held by the candidate or for any other reason), such arrangements, facilities or act or thing shall not be deemed to be assistance for the furtherance of the prospects of that candidate's election. (h) Class of persons in service of a local authority, university, government company or institution or concerned or undertaking appointed or deputed by the election commission in connection with the conduct of election.

(8) booth capturing by a candidate or his agent or other person. Explanation – (1) In this section, the expression "agent" includes an election agent, a polling agent and any person who is held to have acted as an agent in connection with the election with the consent of the candidate. (2) For the purposes of clause (7), a person shall be deemed to assist in the furtherance of the prospects of a candidate's election if he acts as an election agent of that candidate.


(3) For the purposes of clause (7), notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, the publication in the Official Gazette of the appointment, resignation, termination of service, dismissal or removal from service of a person in the service of the Central Government (including a person serving in connection with the administration of a Union territory) or of a State Government shall be conclusive proof—

(i) of such appointment, resignation, termination of service, dismissal or removal from service, as the case may be, and (ii) where the date of taking effect of such appointment, resignation, termination of service, dismissal or removal from service, as the case may be, is stated in such publication, also of the fact that such person was appointed with effect from the said date, or in the case of resignation, termination of service, dismissal or removal from service, such person ceased to be in such service with effect from the said date.

(4) For the purposes of clause (8),"booth capturing" shall have the same meaning as in section 135A. Sec. 126: Prohibition of public meetings during period of forty eight hours ending with hour fixed for conclusion of poll: (1) No person shall-

a) convene, hold or attend, join or address any public meeting or procession in connection with an election; or b) display to the public any election matter by means of cinematograph, television or any other similar apparatus; or c) propagate any election matter to the public by holding, or by arranging the holding of, any musical concert or any theatrical performance or any other entertainment or amusement with a view to attracting the members of the public thereto, in any polling area during the period of forty-eight hours ending with fixed for the conclusion of the poll for any election in the polling area.

(2) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. (3) In this section, the expression “election matter” means any matter intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of an election. Section 126 A: Restriction on publication and dissemination of result of exit polls, etc. (1) No person shall conduct any exit poll and publish or publicise by means of the print or electronic media or disseminate in any other manner, whatsoever, the


result of any exit poll during such period, as may be notified by the Election Commission in this regard. (2) For the purposes of sub-section (1), the Election Commission shall, by a general order, notify the date and time having due regard to the following, namely:- (a) in case of a general election, the period may commence from the

beginning of the hours fixed for poll on the first day of poll and continue till half an hour after closing of the poll in all the States and Union territories; (b) in case of a bye-election or a number of bye elections held together, the period may commence from the beginning of the hours fixed for poll on from the first day of poll and continue till half an hour after closing of the poll:

Provided that in case of a number of bye-elections held together on different days, the period may commence form the beginning of the hours fixe for poll on the first day of poll and continue till half an hour after closing of the last poll. (3) Any person who contravenes the provision of this section shall be punishable with imprisonment for after which may extend to two years or with fine or with both. Explanation –For the purposes of this section, (a) “ exit poll” means an opinion survey respecting how electors have voted at an election or respecting how will all the electors have performed with regard to the identification of a political party or candidate in an election; (b) “electronic media” included internet , radio and television including Internet Protocol Television, satellite , terrestrial or c able channels, mobile and such other media either owned by the Government or private person or by both; (c) “print media “include any newspaper, magazine or periodical, poster, place card, handbill or any other document; (d) “dissemination” included publication in any ‘print media’ or broadcast or display or any electronic media. Section 126B: (1) Where an offence under sub-section(2) of section 126A has been committed by a company, every person who at the time the offence was committed was in charge of , and was responsible to the company for the conduct of , the business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to the proceeded against and punished accordingly: Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section render any such person liable to any punishment provided in this Act if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence.


(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section(1), where an offence under this Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed within the consent or connivance of , or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to by guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. Explanation –For the purpose of this section, (a) “company” means anybody corporate, and includes a firm or other association of individual; and (b) “director” in relation to a firm means a partner in the firm.’. Sec 158: Return or Forfeiture of candidate’s deposits – (1) The deposit made under section 34 or under the section read with sub-section (2) of section 39 shall either be returned to the person making it or his legal representative or be forfeited to the approximate authority in accordance with the provision of this section. (2) Except in cases here under mentioned in this section, the deposit shall be returned as soon as practicable after the result of the election is declared. (3) If the candidate is not shown in the list of contesting candidates, or if he dies before the commencement of the poll, the deposit shall be returned as soon as practicable after the publication of the list or after his death, as the case may be. (4) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (3), the deposit shall be forfeited if at an election where a poll has been taken, the candidate is not elected and the number of valid votes polled by him does not exceed one-sixth of the total number of valid votes by all the candidates or in case of election of more than one member at the election, one-sixth of the total number of valid votes so polled divided by the number of members to be elected: Provided that where at an election held in, accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote, a candidate is not elected, the deposit made him shall be forfeited if he does not get more than one-sixth of the number of votes prescribed in this behalf as sufficient to secure the return of a candidate. (5) Notwithstanding anything in sub-sections (2), (3) and (4) –


(a) If at a general election, the candidate is a contesting candidate in more than one parliamentary constituency or in more than one assembly constituency, not more than one of the deposits shall be returned, and the others shall be forfeited. (b) If the candidate is a contesting candidate at an election in more than

one council constituency or at an election in a council constituency and at an

election by the members of the State Legislative Assembly to fill seats in the

Legislative Council, not more than one of the deposits shall be returned, and

the others shall be forfeited.


Chapter 28

MAXIMUM ELECTION EXPENSES UNDER RULE 90 OF CONDUCT OF ELECTION RULES, 1961

The total of the expenditure of which account is to be kept under section 77 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 and which is incurred or authorized in connection with an election in a State or Union territory mentioned in column 2 of the Table below shall not exceed –

(a) in any one Parliamentary constituency of that State or Union territory, the amount specified in the corresponding column 3 of the said Table; and

(b) in any one Assembly constituency, if any, of that State or Union territory, the amount specified in the corresponding column 4 of the said Table: -

Sl. No.

Name of State / Union Territory

Maximum limit of election expenses in any one

Parliamentary Constituency

Assembly Constituency

STATES 1. Andhra Pradesh 40,00,000 16,00,000 2. Arunachal Pradesh 27,00,000 10,00,000 3. Assam 40,00,000 16,00,000 4. Bihar 40,00,000 16,00,000 5. Chhattisgarh 40,00,000 16,00,000 6. Goa 22,00,000 8,00,000 7. Gujarat 40,00,000 16,00,000 8. Haryana 40,00,000 16,00,000 9. Himachal Pradesh 40,00,000 11,00,000 10. Jammu and Kashmir 40,00,000 --- 11. Jharkhand 40,00,000 16,00,000 12. Karnataka 40,00,000 16,00,000 13. Kerala 40,00,000 16,00,000 14. Madhya Pradesh 40,00,000 16,00,000 15. Maharashtra 40,00,000 16,00,000 16. Manipur 35,00,000 8,00,000 17. Meghalaya 35,00,000 8,00,000 18. Mizoram 32,00,000 8,00,000


MINIMUM & MAXIMUM LIMITS OF ELECTION EXPENDITURE IN ONE PARLIAMENTARY

CONSITITUENCY (in Rupees)

Revision Year

Minimum Limit

Maximum Limit

1997 6,00,000 15,00,000

2003 10,00,000 25,00,000

2011 16,00,000 40,00,000

19. Nagaland 40,00,000 8,00,000 20. Orissa 40,00,000 16,00,000 21. Punjab 40,00,000 16,00,000 22. Rajasthan 40,00,000 16,00,000 23. Sikkim 27,00,000 8,00,000 24. Tamil Nadu 40,00,000 16,00,000 25. Tripura 40,00,000 8,00,000 26. Uttarakhand 40,00,000 11,00,000 27. Uttar Pradesh 40,00,000 16,00,000 28. West Bengal 40,00,000 16,00,000 UNION TERRITORIES 1. Andaman and Nicobar

Islands 27,00,000 --

2. Chandigarh 22,00,000 -- 3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli 16,00,000 -- 4. Daman and Diu 16,00,000 -- 5. Delhi 40,00,000 14,00,000 6. Lakshadweep 16,00,000 7. Puducherry 32,00,000 8,00,000


Chapter 29

The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968(as amended up to July, 2013)

IMPORTANT PROVISIONS

Sec. 4. Allotment of symbols – In ever y contested election a symbol shall be allotted to a contesting candidate in accordance with the provisions of this Order and different symbols shall be allotted to different contesting candidates at an election in the same constituency. Sec. 5. Classification of symbols – (1) For the purpose of this Order symbols are either reserved or free. (2)Save as otherwise provided in this Order, a reserved symbol is a symbol which is reserved for a recognised political party for exclusive allotment to contesting candidates se t up by that party. (3) A free symbol is a symbol other than a reserved symbol. Sec. 6. Classification of political parties –

(1) For the purposes of this Order and for such other purposes as the Commission may specify as and when necessity therefore arises, political parties are either recognised political parties or unrecognised political parties.

(2) A recognised political party shall either be a National party or a State party. Sec. 6A. Conditions for recognition as a State Party – A political party shall be eligible for recognition as a State party in a State, if, and only if, any of the following conditions is fulfilled: (i) At the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the candidates set up by the party have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes polled in the State; and, in addition, the party has returned at least two members to the Legislative Assembly of that State at such general election; or


(ii) At the last general election to the House of the People from that State, the candidates set up by the party have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes polled in the State; and, in addition, the party has returned at least one member to the House of the People from that State at such general election; or (iii) At the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the party has won at least three percent of the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly, (any fraction exceeding half being counted as one), or at least three seats in the Assembly, whichever is more; or (iv)At the last general election to the House of the People from the State, the party has returned at least one member to the House of the People for every 25 members or any fraction thereof allotted to that State;] or {(v) At the last general election to the House of the People from the State, or at the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the candidates set up by the Party have secured not less than eight percent of the total valid votes polled in the State.} Sec. 6B. Conditions for recognition as a National Party – A political party shall be eligible to be recognized as National party, if, and only if, any of the following conditions is fulfilled: (i) The candidates set up by the party, in any four or more States, at the last general election to the House of the People, or to the Legislative Assembly of the State concerned, have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes polled in each of those States at that general election; and, in addition, it has returned at least four members to the House of the People at the aforesaid last general election from any State or States; or (ii) At the last general election to the House of the People, the party has won at least two percent of the total number of seats in the House of the People, any fraction exceeding half being counted as one; and the party ’s candidates have been elected to that House from not less than three States; or (iii) The party is recognized as State party in at least four States.] Sec. 6C. Conditions for continued recognition as a National or State party. – If a political party is recognised as a State party under paragraph 6A, or as a National party under paragraph 6B, the question whether it shall continue to be so recognised after any subsequent general election to the House of the People or, as the case may be, to the Legislative Assembly of the State concerned, shall be dependent upon the fulfillment by it of the conditions specified in the said paragraphs on the results of that general election.


(For more details of this order, please visit Election Commission of India website www.eci.gov.in)

http://www.eci.gov.in/


Chapter 30

ELECTION COMMISSION’s ORDER REGARDING ADVERTISEMENTS OF POLITICAL NATURE ON T.V CHANNELS & CABLE T.V NETWORKS No. 509/75 2004/JS-I Dated 15th April.2004

ORDER

1. Whereas, Section 6 of the Cable Television (Regulation) Act. 1995. provides that no person shall transmit or re-transmit through a cable service any advertisement unless such advertisement is in conformity with the prescribed advertisement code; and 2. Whereas, Sub- rule (3) of Rule 7 of the Cable Television Network (Regulations) Rules, 1994 laying down the advertising code in terms of the abovementioned Section 6 provides that "no advertisement shall be permitted, the objects whereof, are wholly or mainly of a religious or political nature; advertisements must not be directed towards any religious or political end"; and 3. Whereas, the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, by its judgment and order dated 23-03-2004 in WPMP No.5214/2004 (Gemini TV Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Election Commission of India and others), suspended the above mentioned provisions of Rule 7(3) of the Cable Television Network (Regulation) Rules, 1994; and 4. Whereas the Hon'ble Supreme court, by its interim order dated 2-4-2004. In SLP (Civil) No.6679/2004 (Ministry of Information & Broadcasting Vs M/s Gemini TV and Others), in substitution of the order under challenge, had directed as below: -

(i) No cable operator or TV channel shall telecast any advertisement, which does not conform to the law of the country and which offends the morality, decency and susceptibility of views or which is shocking, disgusting and revolting; (ii) The telecast shall be monitored by the Election Commissioner of India;


(iii) The question as to whether the expenditure incurred by the candidate on inserting such advertisement should or should not be included, shall be considered on 5th April, 2004; and (iv) The modalities whether such advertisements are in conformity with law, shall be laid down by the Election Commissioner of India.

5. Whereas, The Hon'ble Supreme Court of India by its further order dated 13th April. 2004, in SLP (Civil) No. 6679/2004 has directed as follows: “--- Before we pass the order, it will be worthwhile to notice certain provisions of the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 [for short, "the Act"], as amended from time to time, and the Rules framed there under. The object of the Act is to regulate the operation of the cable television network in the country. Section 6 of the Act provides that no person shall transmit or retransmit through a cable service any advertisement unless such advertisement is in conformity with the prescribed advertisement code. Section 11 of the Act provides that if any

authorized officer has reason to believe that the provisions of the Act have been or are being contravened by any cable operator, he may seize the equipment being used by such cable operator for operating the cable television network. Section 12 of the Act provides for confiscation of the equipment in the event of any violation of the provisions of the Act. Similarly, Section 13 of the Act also provides for seizure or confiscation of the equipment and punishment. Section 16 further provides for punishment for contravention of the provisions of the Act. Section 19 lays down that an authorized officer, if he thinks necessary or expedient so to do in the public interest, may, by order, prohibit any cable operator from transmitting or re-transmitting any advertisement which is not in conformity with the prescribed programme code and advertisement code and it is likely to promote enmity on grounds of religion, race, language, caste or community or any other grounds whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religion, racial, linguistic or regional groups or castes or communities or which is likely to disturb public tranquility. Section 22 of the Act empowers the Central Government to frame Rules to carry out the provisions of Act. The Central Government in exercise of the powers conferred on it by Section 22 of the Act is empowered to make Rules which arc known as The Cable Television Networks Rules, 1994 [for short, "the Rules”]. Rule 7 of the Rules provides that where an advertisement is carried in the cable service it shall be so designed as to conform to the laws of the country and should not offend morality, decency and religious susceptibilities of the subscribers. Subrule (2), inter alia, provides that no advertisement shall be permitted which derides any race, caste, colour, creed and nationality, is against any provision of the Constitution of India and tends to incite people to crime, cause disorder or violence or breach of law or glorifies violence or obscenity in any way. Sub-rule (3) further provides that no advertisement shall be permitted the objects whereof are wholly or mainly of religious or political nature,


advertisements must not be directed towards any religious or political end. It is in this background, we now propose to pass the following order: Every registered National and State, political party and every contesting candidate proposing to issue advertisement on television channel and/or cable network will have to apply to the Election Commission/Designated Officer (as designated by the Election Commission) not later than three days prior to the date of the proposed commencement of the telecast of such advertisement. In case of any other person or unregistered political parties, they will have to apply not later than seven days prior to the date of the telecast. Such application shall be accompanied by two copies of the proposed advertisement in electronic form along with a duly attested transcript thereof. In case of first phase of elections, the application shall be disposed of within two days of its receipt and until decision thereon is taken, our order dated 2nd April, 2004, shall apply. In case of subsequent phase of election, the application shall be disposed of within three days of its receipt and until the decision thereon is taken, our order dated 2nd April, 2004, shall apply. While disposing of such applications, it will be open to the Election Commission/Designated Officer to direct deletion/modification of any part of the advertisement. The application for certification shall contain following details: (a) The cost of production of the advertisement; (b) The approximate cost of proposed telecast of such advertisement on a television channel or cable network with the break-up of number of insertions and rate proposed to be charged for each such insertion; (c) It shall also contain a statement whether the advertisement inserted is for the benefit of the prospects of the election of a candidate(s)/parties; (d) If the advertisement is issued by any person other than a political party or a candidate, that person shall state on oath that it is not for the benefit of the political party or a candidate and that the said advertisement has not been sponsored or commissioned or paid for by any political party or a candidate; and (e) A statement that all the payments shall be made by way of cheque or demand draft. We find that Section 2(a) of the Act defines "authorized officer", within his local limits of jurisdiction, as (a) District Magistrate; (b) Subdivisional Magistrate; or (c) or Commissioner of Police. Similarly, Section 28- A of the Representation of People Act, 1951 provides that the Returning Officer, Assistant Returning Officer, Presiding Officer, Polling Officer and any other officer appointed under this part and any police officer designated for the time being by the State Government, for the conduct of any election shall be deemed to be on deputation to the Election


Commission for the period commencing on and from the date of the notification calling for such election and ending with the date of declaration of results of such election and, accordingly, such officer shall during that period, be subject to the control, superintendence and discipline of the Election Commission. Since it is not physically possible for the Election Commission to have a pre-censorship of all the advertisements on various cable networks and television channels, it has become necessary to authorize the Election Commission to delegate its powers in this behalf to the respective District Magistrates of all the States or Union Territories, not below the rank of a Sub-divisional Magistrate or a member of the State Provincial Civil Service. This may be done by a general order issued by the Election Commission. These officers shall act under the control, superintendence and discipline of the Election Commission. The Election Commission in its turn may delegate its powers to the Chief Electoral Officer of each State or the Union Territories, as the case may be. The Chief Electoral Officer of each State or Union Territory may appoint a committee for entertaining complaints or grievances of any political party or candidate or any other person in regard to the decision to grant or to refuse certification of an advertisement. The committee so appointed shall communicate its decision to the Election Commission. The committee so constituted will function under the overall superintendence, direction and control of the Election Commission of India. The decision given by the committee shall be binding and complied with by the political parties, candidates, or any other person applying for advertisements in electronic media subject to what has been state above. The comments and observations for deletion or modification, as the case may be, made, shall be binding and complied with by the concerned political party or contesting candidate or any other person within twenty four hours from the receipt of such communication and the advertisement so modified will be re-submitted for review and certification. We may clarify that provisions of Section 126 of the Representation of People Act, 1951, shall apply to the advertisement covered by this order. If any political party, candidate or any other person is aggrieved by the decision taken either by the committee or by the Designated Officer/Election Commission it will be open for them to approach only this court for clarification or appropriate orders and no other court, tribunal or authority shall entertain any petition in regard to the complaint against such advertisement. This order shall come into force with effect from 16th April, 2004 and shall continue to be in force till 10th May, 2004.


This order is being issued in exercise of the powers under Article 142 of the Constitution of India and it shall bind all the political parties, candidates, persons, group of persons or Trusts who propose to insert the advertisement in the electronic media, including cable network and/or television channels as well as cable operators. It will be open to the Election Commission to requisition such staff as may be necessary for monitoring the telecast of such advertisements. Where the Election Commission is satisfied that there is a violation of this order or any provisions of the Act, it will issue an order to the violator to forthwith stop such violations and it will also be open to direct seizure of the equipments. Every order shall be promptly complied with by the person(s) on whom such order is served. The funds to meet the cost of monitoring the advertisements should be made available to the Election Commission by the Union of India. Adequate publicity of this order shall be given by the Union of India on the electronic media and through print media. This order is in continuation of the order passed by this Court on 2n April, 2004 and shall remain in operation as an interim measure till 10th May, 2004. Subject to the aforesaid order, the judgment of the High Court of Andhra Pradesh dated 23rd March 2004 shall remain stayed. This order is passed not in derogation of but in addition to the powers of the Central Government in regard to the breach of the provisions of the Act." 6. Now therefore, in pursuance of the aforesaid directions of the Hon'ble Supreme Court, the Election Commission hereby directs as follows: - (i) The Chief Electoral Officer Delhi is hereby directed to constitute a Committee comprising the following persons to deal with the applications by the political parties and organizations mentioned in para (ii) herein below:-

a) The Joint Chief Electoral officer - Chairperson. b) Returning Officer of an Parliamentary Constituency in Delhi. c) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class-1 officer to be requisitioned from the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.

(ii) The above Committee will entertain applications for certification of any advertisement to be inserted in a television channel or cable network by the following:-

a) All registered political parties having their headquarters in NCT of Delhi. b) All groups or organizations or associations or persons having their headquarters in NCT of Delhi.


(iii) The Chief Electoral Officer of even- other State/Union Territory is hereby directed to constitute the following Committee to deal with applications by political parties and organizations mentioned in para (iv) below:-

a) The Additional, Joint Chief Electoral Officer - Chairperson. b) Returning Officer of any Parliamentary constituency located in the capital of the State. c) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class-1 officer to be requisitioned from the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.

(iv) The Committee constituted in para (iii) above will entertain applications for certification for advertisement on television channel and cable network by the following:-

(a) All registered political parties having their headquarters in that State /Union Territory, (b) All organisations or group of persons or associations having their registered offices in that State/Union Territory.

(v) The Returning Officer of every Parliamentary constituency in the country are hereby declared as Designated Officers for the purpose of entertaining application for certification of an advertisement proposed to be issued on cable network or television channel by an individual candidate contesting the election from the Parliamentary' constituency of which such Designated Officer is the Returning Officer and candidates contesting in the Assembly constituencies falling within that Parliamentary constituency. The said Returning Officer may co-opt any of the Assistant Returning Officers, not below the rank of a Sub-divisional Magistrate belonging to the State Provincial Civil Service to assist him in the task of certification of applications. 7. The Chief Electoral Officer of every State/Union Territory will constitute the following Committee to entertain complaints/grievances of any political party or candidate or any other person in regard to the decision to grant or refuse certification of an advertisement:- (i) The Chief Electoral Officer - Chairperson. (ii) Any Observer appointed by the Election Commission of India (iii) One expert to be co-opted by the Committee other than the one mentioned in paras 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above. 8. The applications for certification of any advertisements by every registered political parties and every contesting candidates shall be made to the Committees mentioned in paras 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above or the Designated Officer as mentioned in para 6 (iv) above, as the case may be, not later than 3 (three) days prior to the date of the commencement of the telecast of such advertisem ents. In the case of first


phase of elections such applications shall be disposed of within 2 (two) days of its receipt and until decision thereon is taken, the order of the Supreme Court dated 2-4-2004 shall apply. 9. Where an application for certification of advertisement is by any other person or unregistered political parties, it will have to be made not later than 7 (seven) days prior to the date of telecast. 10. Every such application, in the format prescribed at Annexure A, shall be accompanied by the following: (i) Two copies of the proposed advertisement in the electronic form along with a duly attested transcript thereof, (ii) The application for certification shall contain following details:-

a) The cost of production of the advertisement: b) The approximate cost of proposed telecast of such advertisement on a television channel or cable network with the break-up of number of insertions and rate proposed to be charged for each such insertion:

c) It shall also contain a statement whether the advertisement inserted is for the benefit of the prospects of the election of a candidate(s)/parties;

d) If the advertisement is issued by any person other than a political party or a candidate, that person shall state on oath that it is not for the benefit of the political party or a candidate and that the said advertisement has not been sponsored or commissioned or paid for by any political party or a candidate:

e) A statement that all the payment shall be made by way of cheque or demand draft. 11. While taking a decision on the applications for certification of an advertisement, it will be open for the Committees constituted in para 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above or the Designated Officer as in para 6 (v) above or the review Committee as constituted in para 7 above to direct deletion/modification of any part of the advertisement. Every such order making comments and observation for deletion and modification shall be binding and be complied by the concerned political party or contesting candidate or any other person within 24 hours from the receipt of such communication. The advertisement so modified will be re-submitted for review and certification. 12. Where the Committees constituted in para 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above or the Designated Officer or the review Committee as constituted in para 7 above as the case may be, is satisfied that the advertisement meets the requirements of the law and in accordance with the directions of the Supreme Court as inserted in paras 4 and 5 above, it should issue a certificate to the effect of the advertisement concerned is fit for telecast. The format for the certificate is at Annexure B.


13. The directions contained in the order dated 13t h April 2004 by Supreme Court

shall be strictly complied with by everyone concerned and will remain in operation

till 10th May 2004 and it shall bind all the political parties, candidates, persons,

group of persons or Trusts who propose to insert the advertisements in the

electronic media, including the cable networks and/or television channels as well

as cable operators.


Chapter 31

ELECTION COMMISSION’S ORDER ON POLITICAL ADVERTISEMENTS

ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA

Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001 *******

No. 509/75/2004/J.S-I/Vol.II/RCC/ Dated: 21st November, 2008. ORDER

Sub: The Commission’s order dated 15th April, 2004, regarding advertisements of political nature on T.V Channels & Cable T.V. Networks - Extension to Radio 1. The Commission. vide its order No. 509/75/2004/JS-I dated 15th April, 2004, in pursuance of the order dated 13-4-2004 of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in SLP(Civil) No. 6679/2004(Ministry of I&B Vs M/s Gemini TV and Others), issued directions regarding advertisements of political nature on T.V Channels & Cable T.V. Networks. 2. The Ministry of Information & Broadcasting has, vide their letter No. 1/04/2004- BC.IV dated 20th November, 08, informed that clause-II (4) of the Code for Commercial Advertising on All India Radio, has been amended by adding the following provison :- “But advertisements in the form of spots and jingles on payment of prescribed fees, from political parties /candidates/any other person shall be accepted only in respect of General Elections to Lok Sabha/General Election to the State Assemblies/General Election to Local bodies during the period when the Model Code of Conduct is in force. Such advertisements shall be subject to prebroadcast scrutiny by the Election Commission of India/authorities under the Election Commission of India in respect of elections to Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies and State Election Commissions in the case of Local bodies.” 3. In view of the above, the Commission has directed that its order dated 15th April,2004, regarding advertisements of political nature on TV Channel/Cable Networks shall apply to advertisements on Radio also, including the Private FM Channels, during the period Model Code of Conduct is in operation in connection with general election to the House of the People or to the Legislative Assembly of


any State/UT. Accordingly, for broadcasting any advertisement of political nature on Radio, application for certification for broadcast shall be submitted to the Committee set up in the office of the Chief Electoral Officer of the State concerned for pre-broadcast scrutiny and certification permitting broadcast of the advertisement. The application shall be submitted in the same format as the one prescribed vide the order dated 15-4-2004 for advertisement on TV Channel/Cable Networks, alongwith the Tape/ CD and an attested transcript of the proposed advertisement . The format for certification of advertisement shall also be the same as that prescribed in the order dated 15-4-2004. The reference to ‘telecast’ in these formats shall be read to include ‘broadcast’ for the purposes of advertisements on Radio. 4. It is clarified that all other directions and the conditions specified in the order

dated 15th April, 2004, and the subsequent instructions on the subject shall apply

in the case of advertisements of political nature on Radio.


Chapter 32

Election Commission’s ORDER DATED 18TH March 2009

ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001.

No. 509/75/2004-JS-I/RCC/Vol.II Dated: 18th March, 2009 To, The Chief Electoral Officer of All States/Union Territories. Subject: Advertisement of political nature on TV channels and cable networks and on Radio - clarification. Sir/Madam, Please refer to the Commission’s order No. 509/75/2004/JS-I, dated 15th April, 2004, regarding scrutinizing of applications for certification for telecast on TV channels and cable networks. By its subsequent order dated 21st November, 2008, the directions in the said order have been made applicable for advertisement on Radio during the period of general election. 2. As per the above-referred order dated 15th April, 2004, the committee set up in the office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Delhi, is to deal with applications of all political parties having headquarters in Delhi. All the 7 National parties and a few State parties have office in Delhi. It is possible that the State units of these parties may also sponsor applications for focusing on individual States. In such cases, it is clarified that the applications from State units of the National parties may be submitted to the committee in the States concerned. However, the applications from the central office of the National and State parties with headquarters in Delhi will continue to be scrutinized by the committee in Delhi. In the case of State parties, applications from the units of the parties in States other than where they have their headquarters shall also be dealt with by the committee in the States concerned where the State units are submitting applications. 3. It is also clarified that applications from individual candidates for advertisements, both on TV and Radio, shall be made to the committee headed by the Returning Officer of the constituency concerned.


4. The Commission has also directed that when the certificate for telecast/broadcast is issued by the committee, an authenticated copy of the transcript as approved by the committee should also be handed over to the applicant, and at the same time, the committee should retain a copy of the approved transcript and an electronic copy of the material certified for telecast/broadcast. 5. These instructions may be brought to the notice of all concerned, and also to the political parties based in your State, including the State units of recognized political parties.

Yours faithfully, Sd/

Copy to the President, Secretary of all recognized National and State Political

parties


Chapter 33

Election Commission’s Order Dated 19th March, 2009

ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001

No.3/ER/2009/SDR Dated : 19th March, 2009 To, The Chief Electoral Officer of All States/Union Territories. Sub: Advertisement of political nature on TV channels, cable network and Radio. In continuation of the letter of even number, dated 18th March, 2009, the Commission gives the following further clarifications in the matter of applications for certification of political advertisements on TV channels/cable networks/Radio: (i) If the Central Office of any of the National Parties or the State Parties with headquarters in Delhi seeks certification of same advertisement in multiple languages (Hindi/English and in regional languages), the advertisement material in each of the languages alongwith certified transcripts should be submitted to the committee in the office of the CEO, Delhi. In addition, in such cases, the applicant should also submit a duly sworn affidavit stating, as is done in the Courts, that the regional language version of the advertisement is a true translation of the advertisement in Hindi/English and the applicant will be responsible for any mistake therein. (ii) If the Central Office of any of the National Parties or the State Parties with headquarters in Delhi wishes to seek certification of advertisement in any regional language (without there being any Hindi/English version of the advertisement), the application seeking certification will have to be submitted to the committee in the office of the CEO of the State concerned (i.e. the State to which the regional language pertains). (iii) Any advertisement certified for telecast/broadcast by the committee in the office of the CEO, Delhi, on application from the Central Office of the National Parties and the State Parties with headquarters in Delhi, will be valid for telecast/broadcast throughout India in all States and UTs. No separate certification would be required in such cases from the committees in other States. However, the


parties should submit a copy of the certificate obtained from the committee in Delhi to the Chief Electoral Officer of the State in which such advertisements are proposed to be telecast/broadcast. The copy should be submitted with a declaration that the same is a true copy of the certificate issued from the committee in Delhi and this should be submitted to the CEO in the State concerned before the advertisement is telecast/broadcast. 2. The above clarifications may be brought to the notice of all authorities in the State. A copy of this should be given to the screening committee functioning for this purpose in the office of the CEO.

Yours faithfully, Sd/

Copy to:- All recognized National parties and Samajwadi Party, J&K National Panthers Party, Janata Dal (Secular) and Janata Dal (United). Lok Jan Shakti Party and All India Forward


Chapter 34

ELECTION COMMISSION’S Guidelines on Paid News


No. 491/Paid News/2012/Media Dated: 27th August, 2012 To, Chief Electoral Officer of all the States/UTs Sub: Measures to check ‘Paid News’ during elections i.e. advertisement in

garb of news in Media and related matters – revised guidelines – regarding. Sir/Madam, I am directed to invite your attention to the subject cited and to state that the Commission has issued order No. 509/75/2004/JS-1 dated 15th April, 2004 consequent upon order of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in SLP © No. 6679/2004. (Ministry of Information and Broadcasting vs. M/s Gemini TV Pvt. Ltd and Others) requiring the constitution of a committee for previewing, scrutinizing and verifying all advertisements by individual contesting candidates or political parties, before it is inserted in the electronic media. The Commission issued further guidelines vide its letters of even no. dated 8th June 2010, 23rd September 2010, 18th March 2011 and 16th August 2011, to constitute Media Certification and Monitoring Committee (MCMC) in each district during election period to take up the additional task of keeping a check on the cases of Paid News. In modification of orders on ‘Paid News’ dated 8th June 2010 and thereafter, I am directed to state the following: 1. District Level Media certification and Monitoring Committee (MCMC) 1.1 The District level MCMC shall be formed in each district with the following members: DEO/RO (of Parliamentary Constituency) ARO(not below SDM) Central Govt. I & B Ministry official (if any in the district) Independent Citizen/Journalist as may be recommended by PCI DPRO/District Information Officer/equivalent – Member Secretary


1.1.1 For the purpose of the certification of advertisements as per aforesaid Supreme Court order, Returning Officer of the parliamentary constituency/District Election Officer and an ARO (not below SDM) shall be the members of the MCMC. However, for the scrutiny of the cases of ‘Paid News’ etc, District MCMC shall have three additional members as given at ‘c’, ‘d’ and ‘e’. 1.1.2 If Central govt. I &B Ministry Official is not posted in the district, District Election Officer can appoint preferably a Central Govt. Officer or a senior State Govt. Officer posted in the district. 1.1.3 If PCI is not providing names to be included in the MCMC, DEO may himself

appoint either an independent senior citizen or journalist, who is willing and as

who, in the opinion of the DEO, is eligible in terms of background and record of

neutrality. 1.1.2 The Member Secretary (DPRO/DIO or equivalent) should be from the

Provincial State Civil Services. 1.2 The committee shall have two distinct sets of functions: (i) Certification of Advertisements for which two specific members of MCMC i.e. RO & ARO shall have to consider and decide on such advertisements for certification. (ii) Examining complaints/issues of Paid News etc by all members through a

monitoring arrangement. 1.3 The MCMC shall, besides discharging the functions of Certification of

Advertisement and checking of Paid News, would also assist in enforcement of media related regulations under the RP Act. Hence the Committee’s functions shall include: 1.3.1 MCMC shall scan all media ( e.g. newspapers, print media, electronic media, cable network, internet, mobile network etc) for :

a. suspected cases of paid news (it shall also actively consider paid news cases referred to it by the Expenditure Observers. It shall intimate the Returning Officer for issue of notices to candidates for inclusion of actual expenditure on the published matter or notional expenditure based on DIPR rates in their election expenses account (in absence of DIPR rates, DAVP rates may be used), either based on or irrespective of whether the candidate actually has paid or not paid any amount to the channel/newspaper. A copy of the notice shall also be marked to Expenditure Observer) b. monitoring of political advertisements in electronic media (for checking if the telecast/broadcast has been done only after certification by the Committee)


c. monitoring political advertisements in other media, in relation to candidates, either overt or covert, from Expenditure monitoring angle (this will also include publicity or advertisement or appeal by, or on behalf of candidate, or by Star Campaigner(s) or others, to impact candidate’s electoral prospects)

d. advertisements in print media (MCMC shall check if the advertisement is

with the consent or knowledge of candidate: in which case it will be accounted

for in the election expenses of the candidate(s); however, if the advertisement

is not with the authority from the candidate, then action may be taken for

prosecution of the publisher for violation of Section 171H of IPC) e. checking if the name and address of the publisher and the printer is carried on any election pamphlet, poster, hand bill and other document as required under Section 127A of R.P.A 1951 (If any printed material does not bear on its face the names and addresses of the printer or the publisher, MCMC shall bring it to the notice of the RO for further necessary action; For the purpose of section 127 of RPA 1951, ‘Paid News’ would also fall in the category of ‘other document’)

1.3.2 It shall submit a daily report to Accounting team with copy to RO and Expenditure Observer in respect of each candidate in the prescribed format (as per annexure 12 of the prescribed Expenditure Guidelines) w.r.t. expenditure incurred by the candidate on election advertising or actual expenditure incurred for publishing the ‘News’ that is substantiated by necessary documents furnished by the candidate or notional expenditure as computed by the Committee in the assessed cases of Paid News. 1.3.3 The MCMC shall create a suitable mechanism for monitoring media and shall

be equipped with adequate manpower and infrastructure for the same. 2. State level MCMC 2.1 The State level MCMC shall comprise of the following officers: (a) The Chief Electoral Officer, Chairman (b) Any Observer appointed by the Election Commission of India (c) One expert to be co-opted by the Committee. (d) Officer of Indian Information Service (IIS), (at the level of US/DS) posted in the

State/UT, representing a media Department of Government of India as separate from the expert at (c) above.

(e) Independent citizen or journalist as nominated by PCI (if any) (f) Addl/Jt CEO in charge of Media (Member Secretary) 2.1.1 If PCI is not providing names to be included in the Committee, CEO may


himself appoint either an independent senior citizen or journalist, who is willing

and who, in the opinion of the CEO, is eligible in terms of background and record of

neutrality. 2.2 The State level MCMC shall perform two sets of functions:

(i) Deciding appeal from both District and Addl/Jt CEO Committees on Certification of advertisement as per the aforesaid Commission order dated 15th April 2004. (ii) Examining all cases of Paid News on appeal against the decision of District

MCMC or cases that they may take up suo motu, in which case it shall direct the

concerned ROs to issue notices to the candidates. 2.2.1 The appeal on certification of advertisements need to be handled by members at (a),(b) and (c) in the manner specified in the aforesaid order dated 15th April 2004, while the members at (d), (e) & (f) are added to deal with Paid News cases. 2.2.2 It is clarified that as regards the certification, the appeal from both District and Addl/Jt CEO Committee will lie only with and will be disposed of by the State Level MCMC headed by CEO as per Commission’s order dated 15th April, 2004 and no reference in this regard needs to be made to the Commission. 3. Addl / Joint CEO’s Committee on Certification: The Committee chaired by Addl/Jt CEO for Certification of advertisement, constituted as per the Commission’s 15th April 2004 order shall continue to function as stated in the aforesaid order and shall have no jurisdiction over cases of ‘Paid News’. 4 . Appeal against decision of State level MCMC on Paid News Any appeal against the decision of the State level MCMC in matter of Paid News will be made to the Election Commission of India. The State level MCMC can also make a reference to the Commission for advice, if it deems it necessary. Wherever complaints on Paid News cases are made to the Commission directly, the Commission shall forward cases to the State level MCMC for initial consideration. 5. Paid News Guidelines: With regard to Paid News, following guidelines may be followed:

5.1 Six months before the due date of normal expiry of Lok Sabha or the State/UT Legislative Assembly, as the case may be, a list of television channels/radio channels/newspapers, broadcast/ circulated in the State/UT and their standard rate cards shall be obtained by the CEOs and provided to all District level MCMCs for fixing the rates of advertisements.


5.2 In case of bye-election to Parliamentary or Assembly constituency, the

standard rate card shall be obtained by the District Election Officer concerned

immediately on announcement of the bye-election. 5.3 In case of any doubt relating to the application of the standard rate card arising,

the matter shall be referred to the DIPR or DAVP, Ministry of I&B, Gov. of India for

advice. 5.4 The CEO and DEOs will brief Political Parties and Media Houses about the above guidelines before the commencement of the election campaign. Media shall be asked to exercise self-regulation in this regard. Wide publicity may be given to this order to make the general public also aware about these guidelines. The thrust of the briefing will be on the need for self-regulation. 5.5 The cases of suspected Paid News or advertisement or appeal shall have to be

considered within strict timelines as follows: 5.5.1 On reference from District MCMC, RO shall give notice to the candidates within

96 hrs of publication/broadcast/telecast/receipt of complaint to explain/disclose

the expenditure incurred for publishing the ‘news’ or similar matter, or state why

expenditure should not be computed as per standard rate and added to the

candidate’s expenditure. The same timeline will apply when State level MCMC takes

up cases suo motto or on the basis of complaints. 5.5.2 District /State level MCMC shall decide on the reply expeditiously and convey to the Candidate/Party its final decision. In case no reply is received by

District MCMC from the candidate within 48 hrs of serving of notice, the decision of

MCMC will be final. 5.5.3 If decision of District level MCMC is not acceptable to the candidate, he/she

may appeal to State level MCMC within 48 hrs of receipt of decision, with information to the District MCMC. 5.5.4 The State level MCMC shall dispose of the case within 96 hrs of receipt of

appeal and convey the decision to the Candidate with a copy to District level MCMC. 5.5.5 The Candidate may appeal against the decision of State level MCMC to ECI

within 48 hrs of receiving of order from this Committee. The decision of ECI shall

be final. 5.6 The entire process shall ordinarily be completed within Election period. 6. It has been observed that in certain cases, notices on paid news has been issued in large numbers while further action on the same remain pending. MCMCs may ensure that due deliberation takes place on each case and only cases that appear to


be suspected cases of ‘Paid News’ are referred to the RO for issue of notice to the candidate. While seeing that frivolous cases are not taken up, MCMC should ensure that there is no laxity on checking actual ‘Paid News’. 7. Where the suspected cases of Paid News are decided as a “Paid News” either at District level/CEO level/Commission level, as the case may be, the actual/notional expenditure shall be treated as part of election expenses of the Candidate concerned, with due intimation to him/her or his/her agent.

Where the District/State level Committee or ECI decides that it is a Paid News case,

such cases shall be conveyed to Press Council of India for further action in relation to the media concerned.

*****


No. 491/Paid News/2012/Media Dated: 9th October, 2012 To Chief Electoral Officer of all the States/UTs Subject:- Measures to check ‘Paid News’ during elections i.e. advertisement in grab of news in Media and related matters – revised guidelines – regarding. 2012 on the subject cited I am directed to say that the para 5.5.2 of the said letter, with partial modification may now be read as “The candidate shall reply to the notice received from District/State level MCMC within 48 hrs of receiving of notice. If no reply is received from the candidate within stipulated time, the decision of MCMC will be final. District/State level MCMC shall decide on the reply expeditiously, preferably with in 48 hrs of receiving of reply and convey to the candidate/party its final decision”.

Yours faithfully,

Sd/

FAQs on Paid News

Q 1. What does Paid News mean?


A. Paid News has been defined by PCI as – “Any news or analysis appearing in any media (Print & Electronic) for a price in cash or kind as consideration.” The Commission has generally accepted the definition given by PCI. Q 2. What is difference between advertisement and news? A. PCI guidelines say- news should be clearly demarcated from advertisements by printing disclaimers should be strictly enforced by all publications. As far as news is concerned, it must always carry a credit line and should be set in typeface that would distinguish it from advertisements. Besides, advertisement is meant to promote, while news is meant to inform. Q 3. What made ECI to check Paid News? A. Commission experienced the problem of Paid News on the ground during the electoral process.Political parties and media groups had approached the Commission requesting for strong steps against Paid News. Parliament also discussed the issue. There was consensus among all political parties in their meeting with the Commission on 4th October 2010 and again on 9th March, 2011 that stringent measures should be taken against Paid News. Q 4. What are the adverse effects of Paid News? A. 1. In the election arena, Paid News misleads the public, causes undue influence on voters and affects their Right to Information. 2. It seeks to circumvent election expenditure laws/ceiling, through convert expenditure. 3. It disturbs the level playing field among political parties & candidates. Q 5. How to keep a check on Paid News? A. 1. Self regulation by media and political functionaries. 2. Strict use of existing mechanisms to curb the menace in the electoral field. 3. Sensitize people and stakeholders on the subject. Q 6. Step taken by the ECI to make Paid News on electoral offence? A. the Commission has proposed Amendment in the R P Act 1951, to provide therein that publishing and abetting the publishing of ‘Paid News’ for furthering the prospect of election of any candidate or fur prejudicially affecting the prospect of election of any candidate be made an electoral offence under chapter- III of Part-VII of the R P Act, 1951 with punishment of a minimum of two years imprisonment. Q 7. What mechanism has been developed by the ECI to curb Paid News? A. the Commission has appointed Media Certification & Monitoring Committee (MCME) at District level and State level to monitor media for Paid News. They scrutinize all newspapers and electronic media, in order to locate political advertisement in the garb of news coverage and take necessary action against the concerned candidates.


Q 8. What is District level MCMC and its functions? A. District MMC examines complaints/issue of Paid News through a monitoring arrangement. It scan all media e.g. print media, electronic media, cable network, etc. In the suspected cases of Paid News, it intimates the Returning Officer for issue of notices to candidates for inclusion of actual expenditure on the published matter in their election expenses account or notional expenditure based on DIPR/DAVP rates in their election expenses account irrespective of whether the candidate actually has paid or not paid any amount to the channel/newspaper according to his/her own statement. District MCMC decides on the rely in a time-bound manner from the candidate and convey to the candidate/party its final decision. Q 9. What is State level MCMC and its functions? A. State level Media Certification and Monitoring Committee (MCMC) examines all cases of Paid News on appeal against the decision of District Level MCMC and cases that they make take up suo motu, in which it directs the concerned Returning Officer to issue notice to the candidate. The State level MCMC shall dispose of the case within 96 hrs of receipt of appeal and convey the decision to the Candidate with a copy to District level MCMC. Q 10. Where appeal can be made against the decision of State level MCMC? A. The candidate may appeal against the decision District level MCMC to State level MCMC and against the decision of State level MCMC to Election Commission of India. The decision of the Commission is final. Q 11. What is time frame for making appeal against the decision of District level and State level MCMCs? A. If the decision of District level MCMC is not acceptable to the candidate, he/she may appeal to State level MCMC within 48 hrs of receipt of decision, with information to the District level MCMC. The candidate may also appeal against the decision of State level MCMC to Election Commission of India within 48 hrs of receiving of order form this Committee. The decision of the Commission is final. Q 12. What is the action against media house in the decided cases of Paid News? A. Once the cases are decided as Paid News, the Commission refers the cases of print media and electronic media to PCI and the National Broadcasting Standards Authority (NBSA) respectively for taking necessary action in the matter. Q 13. What are the criteria to adjudge paid news? A. there can only be illustrations but no clinching or exhaustive list available from any authenticated source. Some of the illustrations are :- a. Identical articles with photographers and headlines appearing in competing publications either carrying by-lines of different authors around the same time or without any author’s name.


b. On the same page of specific newspapers, article praising competing candidates claiming that both are likely to win the same elections. c. News item stating that one candidate is getting the support of each and every section of society eulogizing him and that he would win elections from the constituency. d. Small events involving a candidate being given exaggerated/repeated coverage and/or the opponents’ news are not covered at all. e. PCI case decision on Paid News and previous decisions by MCMC of ECI can also serve as sources of guidance

FAQs on Certification of Advertisements and MCMC

Q 1. What is certification of advertisement? A. Clearance of political advertisements by a committee before being telecast on television channels and cable networks and social media sites by any registered political party or by any group of organization/association or by any contesting candidate during elections. Q 2. What are the types of Committees for certification and their functions? A. 1. For certification of political advertisements form individual candidate, the Committee comprises: (i) Returning Officer (of Parliamentary Constituency)\ (ii) Assistant Returning Officer (not below Sub Divisional Magistrate) This Committee entertains applications for certification of an advertisings proposed to be issued on cable network or television channel by an individual candidate contesting election from the Parliamentary Constituency concerned or candidate contesting in assembly constituency failing within that Parliamentary Constituency. The above two officials are already the members of the District level MCMC along with some other members who do not have a role in such certification. 2. State level Media Certification Committee with following composition: (i) The Addll/Joint CEO- Chairperson (ii) Returning Officer of any Parliamentary constituency located in the capital of State (iii) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class-I officer to be requisitioned from Ministry of I&B. This Committee entertains the applications for certification received from all recognized and registered political parties having their headquarter in that State/UT, organizations, associations having their registered office in that State/UT. 3. The State level Appellatae Committee with the following members: (i) The Chief Electoral Officer- Chairperson (ii) Any Observer appointed by the Election Commission of India (iii) One expert to be co-opted by the Committee.


The State Level Appellate Committee entertains complaints/grievances/appeal of any political party or candidate or any other person in regard to decision to grant or refuse certification by Constituency level Committee and State level Committee headed by Addl/ Jt CEO Committees. 4. Delhi based Committee with the following composition- (i) The Joint Chief Electoral Officer- Chairperson (ii) Returning Officer of any Parliamentary Constituency in Delhi (iii) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class- I officer to be requisitioned from Ministry of I&B. Q 3. Time limits for application for certification? A. for recognized National and State party, registered and unregistered party and every contesting candidate, not later than three days prior to the date of the proposed commencement of the telecast of the advertisement. In case of any other organization/association, it should be not later than seven days prior to the date of the telecast. Q 4. What are the documents required to be attached with application for certification? A. The application should be accompanied by two copies of the proposed advertisement in electronic form along with duly attested transcript thereof. Apart from this the application for certification shall also contain following details: 1) Cost of production of advertisement. 2) The approximate cost of proposed telecast of such advertisement on a television channel or cable network with the break-up of number of insertions and rate proposed to be charged for each such insertion. 3) Statement whether the advertisement inserted is for the benefit of the prospects of election of a candidate(s)/parties. 4) If the advertisement is issued by any person other than a political party or a candidate, that person shall state on oath that it is not for the benefit of any political party or a candidate and that the said advertisement has not been sponsored or commissioned or paid for by any political party or a candidate. 5) A statement that all the payment shall be made by cheque or demand draft . Q 5. What is a District level MCMC and what are its duties? A. (i) Composition of District level MCMC- (a) DEO/RO (of parliamentary Constituency) (b) ARO (not below SDM) (c) Central Govt. I&B Ministry official ( if any in the district) (d) Independent Citizen/Journalist as may be recommended by PCI (e) DPRO/District Information Officer/equivalent-Member Secretary


(ii) Duties: 1. Scan the political advertisements in electronic media for checking if the telecast/broadcast has been done only after certification by the Committee. 2. Monitoring the political advertisements in other media, in relation to candidates overt or covert from expenditure monitoring angle this will also include publicity or advertisement or appeal by or on behalf or candidate, or by Star Campaigner(s) or others to impact candidate’s electoral prospects. 3. Monitoring, if any advertisement in print media is published with the consent ore knowledge of candidate in which case it will be accounted for in the election expenses of the candidate(s). However if the advertisement is not with the authority from the candidate, then action may be taken for prospe4ctin of the publisher for violation of 171H of IPC . 4. Checking, if the name and address of the publisher and the printer is printed on any election pamphlet, poster handbill and other documents as required under section 127A of the RP Act 1951. 5. Submission of daily report to Expenditure Accounting team with a copy to RO and Expenditure Observer in respect of each candidate in the prescribed format w.r.t. expenditure incurred by the candidate on election advertising or actual expenditure incurred for publishing the news. Q 6. Does the Media Certification Committee at Constituency/district or State level has the right to refuse to give certification of an advertisement, if does not find fit to be telecast? A. Yes, the above Committee has the righty to refuse to give certification of an advertisement, if does not find fit to be telecast. Q 7. Which Committee will certify advertisement of National Party in regional language? A. If any National Party or State Party with Headquarters in Delhi wishes to seek certification of advertisement in any regional language ,the application has to be submitted to the State Level Committee of the State concerned (to which the regional language pertains). Q 8. In the case of same advertisement of a National Party in multiple languages, which Committee will certify it? A. If a National Party seeks certification of the same advertisement in Hindi/English and in regional languages, the advertisement material in each of the languages along with certified transcript of each should be submitted to the Committee in Delhi along with an affidavit affirming that the regional language versions are true translation of the advertisement in Hindi/English and that the applicant will be responsible for any mistake therein. The certificate issued by the committee in Delhi will be sufficient for the advertisements in regional languages. The party should submit a copy of the certificate issued from Delhi to the Chief Electoral Officer of the other State concerned along with declaration that the copy of certificate is a true copy of the original issued by the committee in Delhi. Q 9. Where appeal can be made against the order of above Committee.


A. Any political party or candidate can make an appeal against the order of above Committee to State level Appellate Committee. Q 10. Who will entertain the appeal against the order of State level Appellate Committee? A. Supreme Court Q 11. Whether the decisions of the above Committees are legally binding?

A. Yes, Supreme Court vide there order dt. 13th April, 2004 authorized the

Commission to constitute the Committees for the certification of political

advertisements.


Chapter 35

INSTRUCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION WITH RESPECT TO USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN ELECTION CAMPAIGNING

ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi – 110001.

No. 491/SM/2013/Communication Dated: 25th October, 2013 To,

1. Chief Electoral Officers of all States and Union Territories

2. Presidents/General Secretaries of All National/State recognized Political Parties.

Sir,

The Commission’s attention was drawn to use of social media for election

campaigning and also certain violations of the Electoral Law in the social media,

which need to be regulated in the interest of transparency and level playing field in

the elections.

Social media refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create,

share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and

networks. It differentiates from traditional/industrial media in many aspects such

as quality, reach, frequency, usability, immediacy, and permanence. The prevalence

of Web and social media has increased over the years and there have been demands

from the political and social groups to regulate the social media during elections as

other media is regulated.

There are broadly five different types of social media:

a) collaborative projects (for example, Wikipedia) b) blogs and micro blogs (for example, Twitter)


c) content communities (for example, YouTube) d) social networking sites (for example, Facebook) e) virtual game-worlds (e.g., Apps) Legal provisions relating to election campaigning apply to social media in the same manner in which they apply to any other form of election campaigning using any other media. Since social media is a relatively new form of media, it appears necessary to clarify to all concerned by the following instructions:-

A. Information to be given by candidates about their social media

accounts.

Candidates are required to file affidavits in Form-26 at the time of filing of nominations. Detailed instructions and the format in which the affidavits have to be filled were issued vide the Commission’s letter No. 3/4/2012/SDR dated 24, August, 2012. Para 3 of this Form requires that email ID of the candidate, if any, should be communicated to the Commission in this Form. The Commission finds it necessary that authentic social media accounts of candidates should also be informed to the Commission. This information should be furnished in the said Para 3 as follows:- “My contact telephone no.(s) is/are…………………., my email ID (if any) is ………………………………, my social media accounts (if any) are……….……..”

B. Pre-Certification of Political Advertisements

In pursuance of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India’s Order in SLP (Civil) N. 6679/2004, dated 13 April,2004, the Commission issued detailed instructions on this subject vide its order no. 509/75/2004/JS-1/4572 dated 15.04.2004. In this order, it was stated that every registered/national and State political party and every contesting candidate proposing to issue advertisements on television channels and/ or on cable network will have to apply to Election Commission of India/designated officer for pre-certification of all political advertisements on electronic media before the publication. The order was further modified and consolidated vide Commission’s order dated 27.08.2012, wherein Media Certification and Monitoring Committees at district and State levels were given the responsibilities of pre-certification of such advertisement along with other functions viz acting against Paid News etc. Since social media websites are also electronic media by definition, therefore, these instructions of the Commission contained in its order No.509/75/2004/JS-1/4572 dated 15.04.2004 shall also apply mutatis mutandis to websites including social media websites and shall fall under the purview of pre-certification. You are, therefore, requested to ensure that no political advertisements are released to any internet based media/websites, including social media websites, by political parties/candidates without pre-


certification from competent authorities in the same format and following the same procedures as referred in the aforesaid orders.

C. Expenditure on campaigning through internet including social media

websites

According to Section 77, sub section (1), of Representation of the People Act, 1951, every candidate is required to keep a separate and correct account of all expenditure in connection with the election incurred or authorized by him or by his election agent between the date on which he has filed nomination and the date of declaration of the result thereof, both dates inclusive. The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India had directed in Common Cause Vs. Union of India in 2005 that political parties should also submit a statement of expenditure of elections to the ECI and such statements are required to be submitted within 75 days of assembly elections and 90 days of Lok Sabha elections. It is obvious that expenditure on election campaign through any advertisement in social media is a part of all expenditure in connection with the elections. For the sake of removing any ambiguity, it is hereby directed that candidates and political parties shall include all expenditure on campaigning, including expenditure on advertisements on social media, both for maintaining a correct account of expenditure and for submitting the statement of expenditure. This, among other things, shall include payments made to internet companies and websites for carrying advertisements and also campaign related operational expenditure on making of creative development of content, operational expenditure on salaries and wages paid to the team of workers employed by such candidates and political parties to maintain their social media accounts, etc.

D. Application of Model Code of Conduct to content on internet including social The Commission has a model code of conduct in place during the elections in respect of political parties and candidates which remains in force from the date the elections are announced by the Commission till the completion of elections. It is clarified that the provisions of model code of conduct and related instructions of the Commission issued from time to time shall also apply to the content being posted on the internet, including social media websites, by candidates and political parties.

E. As far as the content posted by persons other than candidates and political parties is concerned, the Commission is considering the matter in consultation with the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology on practical ways to


deal with the issue, in so far as they relate to, or can be reasonably connected with, the election campaigning of political parties and candidates. These instructions may please be brought to the notice of all concerned including candidates, political parties, media and election observers for immediate necessary action.

Yours faithfully,

Sd/


Chapter 36

Media Coverage during the period referred to in Section 126 of RP Act, 1951. 1. Section 126 of the Representation of the People, 1951, prohibits displaying any election matter by means, inter alia, of television or similar apparatus, during the period of 48 hours before the hour fixed for conclusion of poll in a constituency. The relevant portions of the said Section 126 are re-produced below: - (126. Prohibition of public meeting during period of forty-eight hours ending with hour fixed for conclusion of poll-

(1) No person shall – (a) …………………. (b) Display to the public any election matter by means of cinematograph, television or other similar apparatus; (c) ……………………. In any polling area during the period of forty-eight hours ending with the hour fixed for the conclusion of the poll for any election in the polling area.

(2) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. (3) In this Section, the expression “election mater” means any matter intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of an election.)

2. During elections, there are sometimes allegations of violation of the provisions of the above Section 126 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 by TV channels in the telecast of their panel discussions/debates and other news and current affairs programmes. The Commission has clarified in the past that the said Section 126 prohibits displaying any election matter by means, inter alia, of television or similar apparatus, during the period of 48 hours ending with the hour fixed for conclusion of poll in a constituency. “Election matter” has been defined in that Section as any matter intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of an election. Violation of the aforesaid provisions of Section 126 is punishable with imprisonment up to a period of two years, or with fine or both. 3. In this connection, attention is also invited to Section 126A of the R.P. Act 1951, which prohibits conduct of Exit poll and dissemination of their results.


4. The Commission once again reiterates that the TV/Radio channels and cable networks should ensure that the contents of the programme telecast/broadcast/displayed by them during the period of 48 hours referred to in Section 126 do not contain any material, including views/appeals by panelists/participants that may be construed as promoting/prejudicing the prospect of any particular party or candidate(s) or influencing/affecting the result of the election. 5. Concerned TV/Radio/Cable/FM channels are free to approach the state/district/local authorities for necessary permission for conducting any broadcast related events which must also conform to the provisions of the model code of conduct and the programme code laid down by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting under the Cable Network (Regulation) Act with regard to decency, maintenance of communal harmony, etc. They are also required to stay within the provisions of Commission’s guidelines dated 27th August, 2012 regarding paid news and related matters. Concerned Chief Electoral Officer/District Election Officer will take into account all relevant aspects including the law and order situation while extending such permission. 6. Attention of all media is also drawn to the following guidelines issued by Press Council of India to follow for observance during the election:

(i) It will be the duty of the Press to give objective reports about elections and the candidates. The newspapers are not expected to indulge in unhealthy election campaigns, exaggerated reports about any candidate/party or incident during the elections. In practice, two or three closely contesting candidates attract all the media attention. While reporting on the actual campaign, a newspaper may not leave out any important point raised by a candidate and make an attack on his or her opponent. (ii) Election campaign along communal or caste lines is banned under the election rules. Hence, the Press should eschew reports, which tend to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between people on the ground of religion, race, caste, community or language. (iii) The Press should refrain from publishing false or critical statements in regard to the personal character and conduct of any candidate or in relation to the candidature or withdrawal of any candidate or his candidature, to prejudice the prospects of that candidate in the elections. The Press shall not publish unverified allegations against any candidate/party. (iv) The Press shall not accept any kind of inducement, financial or otherwise, to project a candidate/party. It shall not accept hospitality or other facilities offered to them by or on behalf of any candidate/party.


The Press is not expected to indulge in canvassing of a particular candidate/party. If it does, it shall allow the right of reply to the other candidate/party.

The Press shall not accept/publish any advertisement at the cost of public exchequer regarding achievements of a party/government in power.

The Press shall observe all the directions/orders/instructions of the Election Commission/Returning Officers or Chief Electoral Officer issued from time to time.

The above guidelines should be duly observed for compliance by all the concerned media.

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Chapter 37

PRESS COUNCIL OF INDIA’S GUIDELINES ON ELECTION REPORTING-1996 General Election is a very important feature of our democracy and it is imperative that the media transmits to the electorate fair and objective reports of the election campaign by the contesting parties. Freedom of the Press depends to a large measure on the Press itself behaving with a sense of responsibility. It is, therefore, necessary to ensure that the media adheres to this principle of fair and objective reporting of the election campaign.

The Press Council has, therefore, formulated the following guidelines to the media for observance during elections:

1. It will be the duty of the Press to give objective reports about elections and the candidates. The newspapers are not expected to indulge in unhealthy election campaigns, exaggerated reports about any candidate/party or incident during the elections. In practice, two or three closely contesting candidates attract all the media attention. While reporting on the actual campaign, a newspaper may not leave out any important point raised by a candidate and make an attack on his or her opponent.

2. Election campaign along communal or caste lines is banned under the election rules. Hence, the Press should eschew reports which tend to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between people on the ground of religion, race, caste, community or language.

3. The Press should refrain from publishing false or critical statements in regard to the personal character and conduct of any candidate or in relation to the candidature or withdrawal of any candidate or his candidature, to prejudice the prospects of that candidate in the elections. The Press shall not publish unverified allegations against any candidate/party.

4. The Press shall not accept any kind of inducement, financial or otherwise, to project a candidate/party. It shall not accept hospitality or other facilities offered to them by or on behalf of any candidate/party.

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5. The Press is not expected to indulge in canvassing of a particular candidate/party. If it does, it shall allow the right of reply to the other candidate/party.

6. The Press shall not accept/publish any advertisement at the cost of public exchequer regarding achievements of a party/ government in power.

7. The Press shall observe all the directions/orders/instructions of the Election Commission/Returning Officers or Chief Electoral Officer issued from time to time.

8. Whenever the newspapers publish pre-poll surveys, they should take care to preface them conspicuously identifying the institutions which have carried on such surveys, the individuals and organisations which have commissioned the surveys, the size and nature of sample selected the method of selection of the sample for the findings and the possible margin of error in the findings.

9. In the event of staggered polls, no newspaper shall publish exit-poll surveys, however, genuine they may be, till the last date of the polls is over.

Guidelines on 'Pre-poll' and 'Exit-polls' Survey-1996

The Press Council of India having considered the question of desirability or otherwise of publication of findings of pre-poll surveys and the purpose served by them is of the view that the newspapers should not allow their forum to be used for distortions and manipulations of the elections and should not allow themselves to be exploited by the interested parties.

The Press Council, therefore, advises that in view of the crucial position occupied by the electoral process in a representative democracy like ours, the newspapers should be on guard against their precious forum being used for distortions and manipulations of the elections. This has become necessary to emphasize today since the print media is sought to be increasingly exploited by the interested individuals and groups to misguide and mislead the unwary voters by subtle and not so subtle propaganda on casteist, religious and ethnic basis as well as by the use of sophisticated means like the alleged pre-poll surveys. While the communal and seditious propaganda is not difficult to detect in many cases, the interested use of the pre-poll survey, sometimes deliberately planted, is not so easy to uncover. The Press Council, therefore, suggests that whenever the newspapers publish pre-poll surveys, they should take care to preface them conspicuously by indicating the institutions which have carried such surveys, the individuals and organisations which have commissioned the surveys, the size and nature of sample selected, the method of selection of the sample for the findings and the possible margin of error in the findings.

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Further in the event of staggered poll dates, the media is seen to carry exit-poll surveys of the polls already held. This is likely to influence the voters where the polling is yet to commence. With a view to ensure that the electoral process is kept pure and the voters' minds are not influenced by any external factors, it is necessary that the media does not publish the exit-poll surveys till the last poll is held.

The Press Council, therefore, requests the Press to abide by the following guideline in respect of the exit polls:

Guideline:

No newspaper shall publish exit-poll surveys, however, genuine they may be, till

the last of the polls is over.

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Chapter 38

NEWS BROADCASTING STANDARDS AUTHORITY’S (NBSA) GUIDELINES FOR ELECTION BROADCASTS Availability of accurate, objective and complete information to enable citizens to

exercise their franchise based upon a well informed choice, is the basic

requirement of free and fair elections. The purpose of the following guidelines is

to ensure that broadcast of news and current affairs programmes and all other

content on a news channel pertaining to elections and election related matters is

fair and balanced, that is being objective, accurate and duly verified:

1. News broadcasters should endeavour to inform the public in an objective

manner, about relevant electoral matters, political parties, candidates,

campaign issues and voting processes as per rules and regulations laid down

under the Representation of People Act 1951 and by the Election Commission

of India.

2. News channels shall disclose any political affiliations, either towards a party or

candidate. Unless they publicity endorse or support a particular party or

candidate, news broadcasters have a duty to be balanced and impartial,

especially in their election reporting.

3. News broadcasters must endeavor to avoid all forms of rumor, baseless

speculation and disinformation, particularly when these concern specific

political parties or candidates. Any candidate/political party, which has been

defamed or is a victim of misrepresentation, misinformation or other similar

injury by broadcast of information should be afforded prompt correction, and

where appropriate granted an opportunity of reply.

4. News broadcasters must resist all political and financial pressures which may

affect coverage of elections and election related matters.

5. News broadcasters should maintain a clear distinction between editorial and

expert opinion carried on their news channels.

6. News broadcasters that use video feed from political parties should disclose it

and appropriately tagged.

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7. Special care must be taken to ensure that every element of news/programmes

dealing with elections and election related matters is accurate on all facts

relating to events, dates, places and quotes. If by mistake or inadvertence any

inaccurate information is broadcast, the broadcaster must correct it as soon as

it comes to the boradcaster’s notice with the same prominence as was given to

the original broadcast.

8. News broadcasters, their journalists and officials must not accept any money, or

valuable gifts, or any favour that could influence or appear to influence, create a

conflict of interest or damage the credibility of the broadcaster or their

personnel.

9. News broadcasters must not broadcast any form of ‘hate speech’ or other obnoxious content that may lead to incitement of violence or promote public unrest or disorder as election campaigning based on communal or caste factors is prohibited under Election Rules. News broadcasters should strictly avoid reports which tend to promote feelings or enmity or hatred among people, on the ground of religion, race, caste, community, region or language.

10. News broadcasters are required scrupulously maintain a distinction between

news and paid content. All paid content should be clearly marked as “Paid

Advertisement” or “Paid Content” and paid content must be carried in

compliance with the “Norms & Guidelines on Paid News” dated 24.11.2011.

11. Special care must be taken to report opinion polls accurately and fairly, by

disclosing to viewers as to who commissioned, conducted and paid for the

conduct of the opinion polls and the broadcast. If a news broadcaster carries

the results of an opinion poll or other election projection, it must also explain

the context, and the scope and limits of such polls with their limitations.

Broadcast of opinion polls should be accompanied by information to assist

viewers to understand the poll’s significance such as the methodology used, the

sample size, the margin of error, the fieldwork dates, and data used.

Broadcasters should also disclose how vote shares are converted to seat shares.

12. The broadcasters shall not broadcast any “election matter” i.e. any matter

intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of an election, during the 48

hours ending with the hours fixed for the conclusion of poll in violation of Section

126(1)(b) of The Representation of the People Act 1951.

13. The Election Commission of India (ECI) will monitor the broadcasts made by

news broadcasters from the time elections are announced until the conclusion and

announcement of election results. Any violation by member broadcasters

reported to the News Broadcasting Standards Authority (NBSA) by the Election

Commission will be dealt with by the NBSA under its regulations.

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14. Broadcasters should, to the extent possible, carry voter education programmes

to effectively inform voters about the voting process, the importance of voting,

including how, when and where to vote, to register to vote and the secrecy of the

ballot.

15. News broadcasters must not air any final, formal and definite results until such

results are formally announced by the Election Commission of India, unless such

results are carried with clear disclaimer that they are unofficial or incomplete or

partial results or projections which should not be taken as final results.

16. These guidelines will apply to all National Assembly, Municipal and Local

Elections held in India.

Norms & Guidelines on Paid News

Members/ Associate Members of the News Broadcasters Association (NBA) do not indulge in the malpractice of “paid-news”. However, since “paid news” is a critical “ethics” issue, it is in the highest interest of the public and of our democracy, and equally in the best interest of maintaining the credibility of the news broadcast industry, that strict norms and guidelines be laid down to pre-empt and prevent this malaise.

In this regard, the following norms and guidelines have been framed which all Members/Associate Members of NBA are required to adhere to strictly:

1. Definitions:

For purposes of these norms and guidelines,

1.1 “Entity” shall mean and include a person (whether natural or legal), company, partnership firm, sole proprietorship concern, society, trust, political party, association of persons and any other organisation of like nature;

1.2 “Immediate Relatives” shall mean and include immediate relations of Persons-in-Charge i.e. spouse, parents, siblings, children, dependents and significant others;

1.3 “Paid News” shall mean and include news (whether political news, business news, sports news, entertainment news or news relating to any other field) reported or omitted to be reported (whether by way of news bulletins, current affairs programmes, special programmes or any other programmes by whatever name called), in consideration of, or as quid pro quo for, any financial or non-financial benefit or reward whatsoever;

1.4 “Persons-in-Charge” shall mean and include members of the Board of Directors, persons holding positions of monitoring and control over the editorial, publication and/or management functions of a news broadcasting organization, including without limitation executive directors, chief

479

executive officers, editors and producers, of the news broadcasting organization (and its singular shall be construed accordingly);

2. No news broadcasting organization shall broadcast or be associated in any manner with the broadcast of Paid News.

3. Every news broadcasting organization and every Person-in-Charge shall disclose to the public on the web-site/s of the news broadcasting organization any shareholding, investment, other equity participation or financial interests or conflict of interest of any nature whatsoever (including specifically any “private treatise”), in or with, any Entity. Disclosure shall also be made by every Person-in-Charge of such shareholding, investment, other equity participation or financial interests or conflict of interest of any nature whatsoever (including specifically any “private treatise”) of Immediate Relatives in respect of any Entity.

4. A news broadcasting organization and/or Person-in-Charge of the news broadcasting organization shall not accept any financial or non-financial interest, benefit or reward of any nature whatsoever, whether in or as cash, loan, gift, discount, hospitality or entertainment etc. from or on behalf of, any Entity, for or in consideration of, reportage of any news of, or relating to, such Entity.

5. Every news broadcasting organization shall disclose on their website the names of their nominee/s or representative/s on the Board of Directors, Managing Committee or Governing Body etc. of any Entity.

6. Every news broadcasting organization shall disclose conspicuously in an appropriate manner during broadcast of a program, on their television channel/s and on their website/s, including during a news, current affairs, sports, entertainment or promotional broadcast as to whether the content of such broadcast has been paid for by or on behalf of the Entity that is subject matter of such broadcast in any manner whatsoever ; and whether such broadcast is an “advertorial” or other media marketing initiative.

7. Considering the singular importance of the electoral process in a democracy, a news broadcasting organization shall not accept any financial or non-financial consideration, benefit or reward (including sponsorship) from any Entity, for or in relation to any news (including opinion polls or other similar programs) relating predominantly to elections or to any candidate or political party in relation to any elections;

Provided that a news broadcasting organization may broadcast any special reportage or program, of or relating to, any candidate or political party in relation to any elections, which special reportage or program may be sponsored or otherwise paid- for, so long as it is prominently and clearly disclosed during such special reportage or program that it is so sponsored or paid-for.

8. All news, reportage or other programs relating predominantly to elections shall be monitored and supervised by a person holding the senior-most executive

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editorial post (by whatever designation called), who shall be responsible for any misreporting or other violation of these norms and guidelines.

9. The above norms and guidelines shall apply equally to all journalists, reporters and stringers, working for or associated with, a news broadcasting organization except that such journalists, reporters and stringers shall furnish such information in writing in respect of any shareholding, investment, other equity participation or financial interests or conflict of interest of any nature whatsoever, which exists with regard to any subject matter on which he/she/they is/are reporting to the person holding the senior-most executive editorial post at the channel. It shall be the prerogative of such editor to permit a journalist, reporter or stringer to continue working on such subject matter or to get him/her to recuse from reporting on such subject matter.

10. It is clarified that any violation of these norms shall be subject to the procedure and consequences provided under the News Broadcasting Standards (Disputes Redressal) Regulations, including all provisions of Regulation 7.1 of the said Regulations.

Provided however that the limit of fine that may be imposed under Regulation 7.1 of the Regulations for any breach or violation of these norms and guidelines shall not be restricted to Rs.1 lac and in case of any such breach or violation, the News Broadcasting Standards Authority shall be entitled to impose upon a news broadcasting organization, fine of upto ten-times the financial or non-financial consideration, benefit or reward (including sponsorship) received for the broadcast of Paid News.

481

ANNEXURE – I Important Orders of ECI

Application of Indelible Ink on Electors Finger

482

Assessment and Inventory of Polling Stations – Basic Minimum Facilities

483

484

485

486

487

Electoral Roll in Urdu Language

488

489

Order Regarding Bulk SMSs

490

491

Printing of Photographs of Candidates on Ballot Paper

492

493

Standardised Voting Compartments

494

495

Storage and Saftety arrangements for the EVMs

496

497

498

499

500

Symbol Order Amendment Notification

501

502

503

504

505

506

Transfers/Postings of Officers

507

508

509

Guidelines on Transparency

510

511

Important Links

http://eci.nic.in/

http://ceobihar.nic.in/

http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/compendium/compendium_on_paid_news_11092015.pdf

http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/compendium/COMPENDIUM_EEM_JULY-2015_English.pdf

Statistical Reports of Bihar Assembly Elections for 2010, 2005, 2000

http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2010/stat_BR_Nov2010.pdf

http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_Oct2005/StatisticalReports_BH_2005.pdf

http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2000/STAI_REPORT_LA-BR-2000.pdf

Disclaimer: This Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015 has

been prepared by the Press Information Bureau (PIB) solely for the purpose of

providing information about past General Elections (Parliamentary / Assembly)

conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) to the media persons. Though

all efforts have been made by the officers of the PIB to ensure the accuracy &

currency of the contours of this book, the same should not be construed as a

statement of law or used for any legal purposes. In case of any ambiguity or

doubts, readers are advised to verify /check with the website of ECI or other

sources.

http://eci.nic.in/

http://ceobihar.nic.in/

http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/compendium/COMPENDIUM_EEM_JULY-2015_English.pdf

http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2010/stat_BR_Nov2010.pdf

http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_Oct2005/StatisticalReports_BH_2005.pdf

http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2000/STAI_REPORT_LA-BR-2000.pdf

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Documents

Bihar Elections 2015