1Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

Big Datain

Army Test and Evaluation

Prepared for ITEA System-of-Systems Engineering Workshop26 January 2017COL Patrick Walden, Senior Military Advisor for Army Test and Evaluation

2Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

Army Test and Evaluation Enterprise challenges and opportunities

• Continue Tri-Service Cooperation & Joint Invest.

• Meeting New data challenges

― Modeling and Simulation― Emerging Technology testing

• Spectrum • Budget uncertainty• Speed of informing

(performance)• Depth of analysis

• Workforce― Career Path Professional Dev.― Professional Outreach― Hiring Authorities

• DoD T&E Oversight (DT and OT)

• T&E Governance Authorities (NDAA 2003)

• Support to Experimentation (informing requirements)

• Support to Prototyping

3Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

Force 2025 and T&EService OTAs must determine whether or not systems are effective, suitable, and survivable in support of unified land operations in an operational environment dominated by:• Increased momentum of

human interaction• Potential overmatch• Importance of cyber and

space• Dense urban areas

(megacities)• Ubiquitous media• WMD proliferation• CEMA !• Big Data !

Increasing complexity on the battlefield increases complexity in T&E. Demand for data – and the means to use it effectively – is also increasing.

See TRADOC PAM 525-3-1 “The U.S. Army Operating Concept (AOC): Win in a Complex World”found at: http://www.arcic.army.mil/Concepts/operating.aspx CEMA – Cyber Electromagnetic Activities

4Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

Big Data Changed Everything

Implications for Army Operating Concept and Force 2025: The Force 2025 Soldier will not have known a world without analytics.Our Surroundings

We expect to be able to access analytics – instantly and on demand – to measure and understand our complex world.

Our neighbors

Our interests

Our health

Our wealthOur wealth

Even image searches

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Big Data Has CausedAn Evolution in T&E

Yesterday Today

Discrete data sets (usually associated with a single test); small overall file size

Large data sets collected over a test program (may include data from contractor tests, simulators, hardware/software-in-the-looplaboratories, M&S, fielded system, and similar systems)

Meaning derived from expert observations Meaning derived from continuous observation

Workforce has expertise in the system under test

Workforce has expertise in analytics

Evaluation products consumed by small, specialized audience

Evaluation products consumed by broad audience with diverse interests

Central evaluation question: “Did it meet requirements?”

Central evaluation question:“What are the system’s strengths and limitations over the range of conditions found on a complex, interoperating battlefield?”

To focus on the “Why and How” of a system’s operational effectiveness, operational suitability, and survivability, increases the demand for deep analytics.

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T&E Big Data Challenges

Free and shared among responsible practitioners

Support model validations

Amounts of data straining analytical resources More reliance on supercomputing Need tools to make short order of analysis

(visualization, sage, and frame capture)

T&E Big Data

Leverage Advances in Instrumentation

Capabilities

T&E Cadre of the Future Requires Data Scientists and Data Analysts

7Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

Considerations for Big Data Analytics

Cons:Available data may be underutilized due to awareness gaps:

• What capabilities already exist?• What lessons have already been learned? • What opportunities exist?

Utilizing big data requires careful planning:• Information system and data management design • Data Collection, Reduction, Analysis (DCRA)• Archiving and sustainment (“context” of the event)

Utilizing big data requires appropriate tools:• Even small data sets are unmanageable without right tools• Tool development requires planning, time, and resources

“I paid for all this data. What can I do with it?”

Awareness

Planning

Tools

8Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

The Big Data Community

Field

T&E

User Needs

Materiel Development

S&T(6.1/6.2/6.3)

Big Data

“Big Data” is a common resource of the Services’ analytical community.

Diverse analytical organizations contribute to and draw from it:

• Data acquisition methods• Computational resources• Models, simulations, laboratories, tools• Historical data • Expertise

Important questions going forward:• Who manages it for stakeholders?• Who sustains it?• How do we establish business rules for

increased collaboration?• Can we obtain synergies through

collaboration?

9Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

Value of ‘Deep’ Knowledge: Example

Bad Event

Analysis by Service OTAs

& Others

Increased Survivability

10Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

Big Data Analysis Approach

Week’s worth of test data (~100 GB) processed within 2-3 days

1) Download vehicle data files

2) Process data for each week of test

3) Review report for reliability highlights

Run Course Identification ScriptsGPS coordinates used to ID course

Generates summary file containing metadata for each file (Vendor,

Vehicle ID, Course, Date, Miles, & Hours

Run Data Collector ScriptsCombine files from similar vehicle, course and date

Generates files with concatenated channel data and flags the files

containing incomplete data

Run Report Generator1) Displays summary of mileage and hours2) Compares accelerations, temperatures, and speeds, across multiple vehicles3) Displays plots of major channels for each unique vehicle, course, and date combination

Generates .pdfreport

11Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

Leveraging the Big Data Space:Use Historical Data to Right-size Future Test

Big Data

Field

T&E

User Needs

Materiel Development

S&T(6.1/6.2/6.3)

Risk Areas = Priority Test Areas

ATEC and AMSAA analyzed 18 million miles of Stryker field and T&E data to develop reliability “risk areas.”

Insights will be used to shape test scope on future versions of the systems.

+

Field Test

Subsystem XAssembly Y

Component ABSub-assembly Z

Block interface WWidget subsystem

Assembly CaseSub-component ABC

Nuts and bolts AssemblyMain element

Subsystem Box KSuperstructure Link

Block assemblyCrankstick BetaShaft Structure

Drive Component WidgetXYZ Interface

12Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

Leveraging the Big Data Space:Developing Cybersecurity Metrics

Big Data

Field

T&E

User Needs

Materiel Development

S&T(6.1/6.2/6.3)

ATEC leveraging Network Integration Evaluation (NIE) events to develop models, methodologies, and metrics for cybersecurity T&E.

Insights will be used to enable earlier-in-life cycle assessments and requirements development.

0.1% Person is untrustworthy

Resource worth $1000

Threat Model for Untrustworthy Insiders

13Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

Leveraging the Big Data Space:Improving System Survivability

Big Data

Field

T&E

User Needs

Materiel Development

S&T(6.1/6.2/6.3)

ATEC combined insights about ballistic events on vehicles in theater from:- Intelligence community’s trend analyses- On-board vehicle instrumentation- Ballistic response data from live fire testing.- Modeling and simulation

Insights used to improve:- Current and future system survivability designs- Test Scope- Test and evaluation methodology- Instrumentation and simulation designs

14Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

2025 T&E and Big Data GoalsGoals:• Utilize knowledge, information, and data to

achieve core mission and business objectives.― Faster, more Accurate Decision-Making― Cost Optimization― Quicker Responses to Requests for Information― More Holistic Test and Evaluation― Automated tracking items or status

• Make useful big data capabilities available to everyone, but tailored to specific needs.

Sustainment of data for long term use

(Archival)Discoverability and

Access to dataAnalytics of

historical and current information

Derive context to inform decision

making

Common Core Requirements:

15Deputy Under Secretary of the Army Test and Evaluation Office

New Data Scientists & Data Analysts

Visual Information

-1084-

IT Management

-2210-

Computer Engineering

-0854-

Mathematical Statistics

-1529-

Expertise in engineering; expertise in data systems, data structures, data mining and programming languages.

Expertise in scientific inquiry into complex relationships and processes using multi-disciplinary analysis tools and techniques – particularly modeling and simulation.

Expertise in statistical tools and techniques; expertise in applied mathematics.

Expertise in applying visual design principles to communicate complex information to diverse audiences.

Expertise in data architectures, information systems, and data management.

Computer Science-1550-

Operations Research

-1515-Expertise in high-speed computing systems, data acquisition systems, algorithm analysis and development, and information processing display, control and transfer.

WANTED: Cadre of Data Scientists and Data Analysts

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Conclusions

• Big Data analysis : Terabytes of Data Greater Insights ? High potential to leverage learn /understand behaviors of complex systems High potential of over-analysis for sake of over-analysis

• New generation of Data Scientists needed• Real data-driven evidence to investigate anomalies - attribution• Investments required:

New methods and tools to quickly process and analyze Big Data Support the enterprise decision processes Develop a sharing culture – DOD data policy evolutions

Big Data will change our T&E enterprise – in ways we don’t completely grasp yet.