BibWP21Dec04 - VivaCity2020 - Sustainable Urban ... WP2.pdf · Urban Sustainability for the Twenty-four Hour City Development of design decision-making tools ... ‘Making a City:

Urban Sustainability for the Twenty-four Hour City

Development of design decision-making tools & resources WORK PACKAGE 2 THE GENERATION OF DIVERSITY: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANISMS BEHIND THE EVOLUTION OF SEEDBED ECONOMIES AND LAND USE DIVERSITY

BIBLIOGRAPHY – by Theme/KeyWords

Land-Use Diversity

Clusters, Cultural Quarters and Mixed-Use Districts

24 Hour City/Evening Economy

Urban Design, Planning and Urban Policy

Urban Morphology *

Case Study Areas / Cities (Clerkenwell/Islington, London; Manchester; Sheffield)

Web links

2020

Urban Sustainability for the Twenty-Four Hour City: Development of Design Decision-making Tools & Resources EPSRC SUE Programme

The generation of diversity: an investigation of the mechanisms behind the evolution of seedbed economies & land use diversity-WP2

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Land-Use Diversity [Key words: Mixed-Use Development, Mixed Land Use, Mixed Tenure, Urban Density, Managed Workspace, Live/Work, Living-Above-the-Shop, Compact City, Land-Use Integration, Urban Village, Urban Regeneration, New Urbanism, Sustainable Urban Development] Adair, A., Berry, J., McGreal, S. Hutchison, N., Watkins, C. and Gibb, K. (2004) ‘Urban Regeneration and property investment performance’, Journal of Property Research 20(4): 371-386 Aldous, T. (1992) Urban Villages: A Concept for Creating Mixed-Use Urban Developments on a Sustainable Scale. London, Urban Villages Group

Aldous, T. (1995) Economics of Urban Villages, Urban Villages Forum. London

AMION Consulting (2001) Urban Regeneration Companies – Learning the Lessons. Policy and Practice Report. London, DTLGR

Appleyard, D., Gerson, M. and Lintell, M. (1981) Liveable Streets. Berkeley, University of California Press

Atlinson, R. and Kintrea, K. (2000) ‘Owner-occupation, social mix and neighbourhood impacts’, Policy and Politics, 28(1): 93-108

Barlow, J. and Gann, D. (1994) Offices into flats. York, Joseph Rowntree Foundation

Beekham, T., Lyons, F. and Scott, J. (2001) Improving the Understanding of the Influence of Owner Occupiers in Mixed Tenure Neighbourhoods. Report 89. Edinburgh, Scottish Homes

Building Design Partnership (1995) Building regulations; Study of Mixed-Use Development 1995: Phase 1 Report, a study for the DETR. BDP Sheffield

Biddulph, M. (2000) 'Villages do not make a City', Journal of Urban Design 5 (1), February: 65-81

Breheny, M. (1995) Sustainable Development and Urban Form. London, Pion

Brindley, T. (2003) ‘The social dimension of the urban village. A Comparison of models for sustainable urban development’, Urban Design International 8: 53-65

British Property Federation (2003) Mixed Use Regeneration at Brindley Place and Gunwharf Quays, College of Estate Management, Reading, June.

Building Design Partnership (1996) London’s urban environment - Planning for quality. London, HMSO Burton, E. (2002) ‘Measuring urban compactness in UK towns and cities’, Environment and Planning B 29(2): 219-250 Campbell, K. (1999) 'Mixed use city centres', Urban Design Quarterly, 70, April: 20-23 Camagni, R., Capello, R., Nijkamp, P. (1997) ‘The co-evolutionary city’, International Journal of Urban Sciences, 1(1): 3246



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CEU (2004) General Agreement No.1 Mixed Use for Cities. Council for European Urbanism www.ceunet.org/mixeduse.htm Christian, K. (2003) ‘Finding the meaning in mixed-use’. Regeneration & Renewal. London: 20 Civic Trust & University of Westminster (1998) Homes above shops, May 1998 Civic Trust Regeneration Unit (1998) Dwellings in and over shops: appendices, a report for LPAC, GOL, & DETR. London, Civic Trust Cole, I. and Goodchild, B. (2001) ‘Social mix and the ‘balanced community’ in British housing policy – a tale of two epochs’, Geojournal 51: 351-360 College of Estate Management (2002) 'Residential Investment and Sustainable Communities', Reading http://www.cem.ac.uk/research.shtml

Coupland, A. (1997) Reclaiming the City: Mixed Use Development. London, ‘Spon Cowan, R. (1997) ‘The Connected City: a new approach to making cities work’, Urban Initiatives, London Cox, S. (1993) Mixed-use buildings, blocks and quarters. Luxembourg, European Commission Crossley, R. (2001) Reputation, Risk and Reward. The Business Case for Sustainability in the UK Property Sector. Sustainable Construction Task Group/BRE Davies, J.W.K. (1998) Mixed Use Areas - Panacea or Placebo?, An exploration of the mixed-use industrial/residential developments of the Baden Wurttemberg Region of Germany, Town & Country Planning Summer School, York DETR (1999) 'Research Report 72: Dwellings over and in Shops in London'. London Dixon, T. and Marston, A. (2003) Mixed Use Urban Regeneration at Brindley Place, Birmingham and Gunwharf Quays, Portsmouth. Reading The College of Estate Management DoE, Comedia, Hillier Parker, University College London (1994) Vital and viable town centres: meeting the challenge. London, HMSO Donaldson’s (1994) Mixed Use Development in Historic Towns, London Downie, M.L., Fisher, P. and Williamson, C. (2002) Managing tenant mix in shopping centres in the UK. London, RICS Foundation, September DTLR (2002) 'Mixed-Use Development, Practice and Potential', March. London, Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=5813&heading=e-mail+alert Dunster, B. (1997) Urban sustainability. Paradox or Possibility? Sustainable Urban Model Combining Housing and Workspace. East Molesey, Surrey Dwelly, T. (2003) Homes that Work. The role of Housing Associations as Providers of Live/Work Accommodation, The Live/Work Network/Peabody Trust/Housing Corporation Ellis, C. (2002) ‘The New Urbanism: Critiques and Rebuttals’, Urban Design 7(3): 261-291 English Historic Towns Forum (1995) Historic towns: mixed uses and vitality and viability, report no.37. London



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English Partnerships (1998) Making Places: A guide to good practice in undertaking mixed-use development schemes. London, English Partnerships/Urban Villages Forum Entec Shankland Cox Ltd (1994) Mixed Uses in Buildings, Blocks and Quarters. Camden House, St. John's. Kenilworth, Warwickshire ESRC (2002) 'Fiscal incentives for urban regeneration' and ''The urban village: a real or imagined contribution to sustainable development', Swindon Essex Planning Officers' Association (1998) The Essex Design Guide for Residential and Mixed Use Areas, Colchester, Essex County Council FPD Savills (1991) Land Use in Cities (including mixed uses), London FPD Savills (2003) Investment in Mixed Use. Research, Summer. London Frank, L. & Pivo, G. (1995) 'Impacts of mixed use and density on utilization of three modes of travel: single-occupant vehicle, transit and walking', Transportation Research Record 1466: 44-55 Franklin, B. and Tait, M. (2002) 'Constructing an image: the Urban Village Concept in the UK', Planning Theory, 1(3): 250-272 Garcia, D. and Piera, P. (2003) ‘Expansion versus Density in Barcelona: A Valuation Exercise’, Urban Studies 40(10): 1925-1936 Gehl, J. (2001) Life Between Buildings. Using Public Spaces. (4th ed.). Denmark, Arkitektens Forlag GLA (2002) Investigating the Potential for Large Mixed Use Housing Developments. A Report commissioned by GLA with financial support from GOL. SDS Technical Report No.18, August Goodchild, B. (1998) 'Learning the lessons of the Housing over Shops initiative', Journal of Urban Design 3 (1): 73-92. Gordon, A. (ed.) (2003) The Next American City. www.americancity.org Gratz, R. B. and Mintz, N. (1998) Cities Back from the Edge: New Life for Downtown. New York, Wiley Gruen, V. (1973) Centers for the Urban Environment. New York, Van Nostrand Rheingold Haughton, G. and Hunter, C. (1994) Sustainable Cities. London, Jessica Kingsley Publoishers Heathcote, D. (2003) Penthouse over the City: The Barbican and Modern Urban Living, Wiley-Academy Hemphill, L., Berry, J., McGreal, S. (2004) ‘An Indicator-based approach to Measuring Sustainable Urban Regeneration Performance: Part 1, Conceptual Foundations and Methodological Framework’, Urban Studies 41(4): 725-755 Hemphill, L., Berry, J., McGreal, S. (2004) ‘An Indicator-based approach to Measuring Sustainable Urban Regeneration Performance: Part 2, Empirical Evaluation and Case Study Analysis’, Urban Studies 41(4): 757-772 Hillman, J. (1992) ‘Integrated Land use’, Living Cities. London, RICS Hills, P.J. (1994) 'The car versus mixed use development', in Wood, M (ed), 1994, Planning Icons: Myth and Practice, Planning Law Conference, Journal of Planning and Environment Law



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I&DEA (1998) UK Housing Plus: Improving Domestic Energy Efficiency and the Health of Residents. Sheffield Jackson, L. (1999) 'Mixed Use Experience in Wycombe', Paper presented to the 1999 Town and Country Planning Summer School, available at http://www.planningsummerschool.com/ Jackson, A., Mair, D. and Nabarro, R. (1987) Managing Workspaces - Good Practice in Urban Regeneration. London, Department of the Environment/HMSO Jacobs, J. (1962) The Death and Life of Great American Cities. London, Jonathan Cape Jencks, M. (ed) (1999) The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form, London, E & FN Spon Kearns, A. and Turok, I. (2003) Sustainable Communities. Dimensions and Challenges. ESRC/ODPM, Department of Urban Studies, University of Glasgow Kemp, R. (1995) Mixed-Use Developments. New designs for new livelihoods. State of Queensland, Australia, Department of Tourism, Small Business and Industry Kelly, A. (2001) Building Legible Cities, Bristol Cultural Development Partnership. Bristol City Council Kelly, A. and Kelly, M. (2003) Building Legible Cities 2, Bristol Cultural Development Partnership Kedrick Davies, J.W. (1998) 'Mixed Use Areas - Panacea or Placebo', Paper presented to the 1998 Town and Country Planning Summer School, available at http://www.planningsummerschool.com/ Kemp, R. (1985) ‘Managed workspaces’, Local Government Policy-making, 12(2): 21-26 Knox, M., Alcock, D., Roderick, A., Iles, J. (2002) Approaches to community governance: Models for mixed tenure communities, Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Bristol, Policy Press Lees, L and Demeritt, D (1998) ‘Envisioning the liveable city: the interplay of “sin city” and “sim city” in Vancouver’s planning discourse’, Urban Geography 19(4): 332-59 Ley, D (1996) The New Middle Class and the Remaking of the Central City. Oxford University Press Living Over the Shop Project (1991) 'Living over the shop briefing paper', LOTS Project, York Llewelyn Davies (2004) Transport and City Competitiveness – Literature Review for the DfT and ODPM London Residential Research and the University of Westminster (2002) 'Developing Additional Housing above and on Non-Residential Sites' http://www.planning.haynet.com and see 'The scope for residential development above petrol stations', June Lowe, S and Petherick, A. (1989) 'Living over the shop', Housing Review 38 (2): 40-44 LPAC (1998) 'Dwellings Over and In Shops in London', London Planning Advisory Committee LPAC (1998) Sustainable Residential Quality: New Approaches to Urban Living. London, Llewelyn-Davies for DETR, GOL Maitland, R. (1997) 'Cities, Tourism & Mixed Uses', in A.Coupland (ed) Reclaiming the City. London Spon Marsh, C. (1996) Mixed-use - a mixed blessing? The Cutting Edge. London, RICS Research Marshall, S. (ed) (2004) ‘New Urbanism’, Built Environment Special Issue 29(3)



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McCarthur, A. (2000) 'Rebuilding sustainable communities: assessing Glasgow's urban village experiment', Town Planning Review 71 (1): 51-70 Montgomery, J. (1998) ‘Making a City: Urbanity, vitality and urban design’, Urban Design 3(1): 93-116 Morris, W. and Kaufman, C. (1997) 'Mixed use development: New designs for new livelihoods', Department of Tourism, Small Business and Industry, Canberra, Australia Moss, M. (1997) 'Reinventing the central city as a place to live and work', Housing Policy Debate 8 (2): 471-490 Muir, A. (1996) 'Urban Villages - No Place in the Planning Process?', Report for the Natural and Built Environment, Issue 12, January National Housing and Town Planning Council (1995) Living over the shop; A Practical Guide to Living over the shop. NHTPC, London Neal, P. (ed) (2003) Urban Villages and the Making of Communities. London, Spon / Routledge Nicolau, L. (2005) ‘Mixed use means flexible functions’, Planning in London Issue 52, Jan-March, 46-48 Oakes, C. and McKee, E. (1997) City-centre apartments for single people at affordable rents: The requirements and preferences of potential occupiers. Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York Publishing Services, York ODPM (2001) Mixed use development, practice and potential. London. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. www.communities.gov.uk Petherick, A. (1997) Living over the Shop, SUN dial 5, URBED, Manchester, Autumn. Petherick, A. (1998) 'Surveying the potential of LOTS', Town and Country Planning 67 (3), April. Petherick, A. and Fraser, Ross (1999) Living Over the Shop: A Handbook for Practitioners. Living Over The Shop (LOTS), York Petherick, A. (1999) 'Living over the shop', Urban Design Quarterly 70, April: 18-19 Phillips, A. (1993) The best in mixed-use development design. Rotovision, USA Procos, D. (1976) Mixed Land Use: From Revival to Innovation. Stroudsburg Ravetz, A. (1995) 'The barriers to LOTS conversions', Town and Country Planning, May/June: 136-137 Redding, B. and Bulos, M. (1997) Evaluation of flats over shops, London, Department of the Environment RICS (2000) Transport Development Areas: A Study into Achieving Higher Density Development around Public Transport Nodes. London, Symonds Group for RICS Rowley, A. (1996a) Mixed-use development: concept and realities. London, RICS Rowley, A. (1996b) ‘Mixed-use development: ambiguous concept, simplistic analysis and wishful thinking?’ Planning Practice and Research 11(1): 87-99 J.Rowntree Foundation (2007 ) Re-discovering Mixed Use Streets: the contribution of local high streets to sustainable communities (M.Roberts with Peter Jones & L.Morris). York



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Schwanke, D. et al (1987) Mixed-Use development Handbook (2nd ed.). Washington DC, Urban Land Institute SDC (2003) Mainstreaming Sustainable Regeneration - a Call to Action. London, Sustainable Development Commission (www.sd-commission.gov.uk) Sieverts, T. (2003) Cities Without Cities. An Interpretation of the Zwischenstadt. London, Spon Sim, P.A. (1994) ‘Mixed use development’, Journal of Planning and Environmental Law Snedcof, H. (Ed) (1985) Cultural Facilities in Mixed-Use Development. Washington D.C., The Urban Land Institute Stern, E., Salomon, L. and Bovy, P. (2002) Travel Behaviour. Spatial Patterns, Congestion and Modelling. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Spain, D, (1989) 'Why higher income households move to central cities', Journal of Urban Affairs 11(3): 283-299. Sucher, D. (2003) Comfort Zone. How to Build an Urban Village (2nd ed.). City Comfort Inc. http://citycomfortsblog.typepad.com Tait, M. (2003) ‘Urban villages as self-sufficient integrated communities: a case study in London’s Docklands’, Urban Design International 8: 37-52 Tibbalds, F. (1992) Making People Friendly Towns: improving the environment in town & cities. Longman Tunstall, R. (2002) Housing Density: What Do Residents Think? London, East Thames Housing Group UNCED (1992) Agenda 21: Report on the UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio. UN University of Liverpool (2001) 'City Centre Living as the Springboard for Regeneration? Some lessons from Liverpool', University of Liverpool, June URBED (2004) Attitudes to Higher Density in the South-East. A Report for the South-East England Assembly. London, URBED with MORI, February UVF (1992) Urban Villages: A Concept for Creating Mixed Use Urban Developments on a Sustainable Scale'. London, Urban Villages Forum Walker, H. (1997) ‘Mixed-Use Development as an Agent of Sustainability’, in Coupland, A. (ed) Reclaiming the City. London, E&FN Spon: 63-86 Western Australian Government (2000) Liveable Neighbourhoods. Sustainable Cities Initiative Wheeler, S. (1998) ‘Planning sustainable and livable cities’, in LeGates, R.T. and Stout, F. (eds) The City Reader (2nd ed.). London, Routledge: 434-445 Williams, G. (1996) 'Postcode 3000 - promoting city centre living', Town & Country Planning 65(4): 203-12 Williams K. (1998) ‘Can Planners Implement Urban Intensification Policies?’, Town & Country Planner November (see K.Williams unpublished PhD thesis ‘The Effectiveness of the UK Planning System in Delivering Sustainable Development via Urban Intensification’, Oxford Brookes University, January 1998) Witherspoon, R.E. (1976) Mixed Use Developments. Washington Zeidler, E. H. (1985) Multi-use Architecture in the Urban Context. New York, van Nostrand Reinhold.



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Clusters, Cultural Quarters and Mixed-Use Districts [Key words: Clusters; Agglomeration; Marshallian Industrial Districts; New Economy, Ethnic Quarters & Settlements; Entertainment Zones, Cultural (Consumption/Retail) Quarters, Street Markets; Gentrification, Transport Development Areas] Arrigoni, P. (2000) ‘The District of Leisure: Bars, Restaurants and Entrepreneurs of the ‘Milanesi Navigli’, Journal of Urban Labour and Leisure, 1(2) (www.lull.clara.net/vol1/2/00007.htm) Backlund, A-K, Sandberg, A. (2002) 'New Media Industry Development: Regions: Networks and Hierarchies - Some Policy Implications', Regional Studies 36(1): 87-91 Barret, G. (1999) ‘The Transport Dimension’, in Jenks, M. et al (eds) The Compact City: A Sustainable Form?. London, E&FN Spon: 170-180 Bathelt, H (2002) ‘The Re-emergence of a Media Industry Cluster in Leipzig’, European Planning Studies 10(5): 583-611 Batt, R. et al (2001) Net Working - Patterns and Workforce Policies for the New Media Industry. Washington D.C., Economic Policy Institute Beccatini, G. (1990) ‘The Marshallian industrial district as a socio-economic notion’, in Pyke, F. Beccatini, F. and Sengenberger, W. (eds) Industrial Districts and Inter-firm Co-operation in Italy. Geneva, International Institute for Labour Studies: 37-51 Bell, D. and Jayne, M. (2003) ‘Design-led’ Urban Regeneration: A Critical Perspective’, Local Economy 18(2): 121-134 Berger, K. (2002) ‘What Just Happened Here? The dot-com years’, in San Francisco, April: 53-71 Braczyk, H.-J., Fuchs, G. and Wolf, H-G. (eds) (1999) Multimedia and Regional Economic Restructuring. London, Routledge Buck, N., Gordon, I., Hall, P., Harloe, M. and Kleinman, M. (2003) Working Capital: Life and Labour in Contemporary London. London, Routledge Capello, R. (2001) ‘Dynamic Urbanisation Economies vs. Milieu Economies’ in Simmie, J. (ed) Innovative Cities. London, Spon Press: 97-128 Castells, M. (1989) The Informational City: Information Technology, Economic Restructuring and the Urban-Regional Process. Oxford, Blackwell. Castells, M. (1996) The Information Age: Economy Society and Culture, Vol. 1: The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford, Blackwell Cervero, R. & Landis, J. (1997) ‘Twenty Years of the Bay Area Rapid Transit System: Land Use and Development Impacts’, Transport Research Part A, 31(4): 309-333 Chatterton, P. and Hollands, R. (2002) ‘Theorising Urban Playscapes: Producing, Regulating and Consuming Youthful Nightlife City Spaces’, Urban Studies 39(1) 95-116 Christopherson, S. (1994) ‘The Fortress City: privatised spaces, consumer citizenship’, in Amin, A. (ed.) Post-Fordism: A Reader. Oxford, Blackwell: 409–27



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Crewe, L. and Beaverstock, J. (1998) ‘Fashioning the City: Cultures of Consumption in Contemporary Urban Spaces’, Geoforum 29(3): 287-308 Curran, J. and Blackburn, R.A. (1994) Small firms and Local Economic Networks: The Death of the Local Economy. London, Routledge Downey, J. and McGuigan, J. (eds) (1999) Technocities. London, Routledge DETR (2000) Planning for Clusters. Ecotec, GVA and CURDS for DETR. London DPA (2000) Creative Industries Strategy for London, David Powell Associates for the London Development Partnership (LDP) DTI (2001) Business Clusters in the UK – A First Assessment. London Dudrah, R.K. (2002) ‘Birmingham (UK): Constructing city spaces through Black popular cultures and the Black public sphere’, City 6(3): 335-350 Dunn, K.M. (1998) ‘Rethinking Ethnic Concentration: Cabramatta, Sydney…‘ Urban Studies 35(3): 503-27 Ecotec (2003) A Practical Guide to Cluster Development. London, Department for Trade & Industry/ English RDAs Evans, G.L. (1990) Premises Needs and Problems of Crafts Firms in Clerkenwell. London, Local Enterprise Research Unit, Polytechnic of North London ________ (1991) Clerkenwell Case Study: Trading Places - The City Workshop, Worpole, K. in Whose Cities (Fisher, M and Owen, U - eds). London, Penguin ________ (2001) Cultural Planning: An Urban Renaissance?. London, Routledge ________ (2003a) ‘Hard-Branding the Cultural City - from Prado to Prada’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27 (2): 417-440 Special Issue on ‘Cities and the Global Entertainment Economy’ ________ (2004) ‘Cultural Industry Quarters - from pre-industrial to post-industrial production’, in Bell, D. and Jayne, M., City of Quarters: Urban Villages in the Contemporary City. Aldershot, Ashgate Press ________ & Foord, J. (2000) ‘Landscapes of Cultural Production and Regeneration’, in Benson, J. and Rose, M. (eds) Urban Lifestyles: Spaces, Places, People. Rotterdam, A.T.Balkema: 249-256 ________ & Foord, J. (2002) ‘Shaping the Cultural Landscape: Local Regeneration Effects’, in Miles, M. & Hall, T. (eds), Urban Futures: Critical Commentaries on Shaping the City. London, Routledge: 167-181 Filmlink (2000) Film Industry in Hertfordshire: Facts and Figures, Hertfordshire County Council Fleming, T. (ed.) (1999) The Role of Creative Industries in Local and Regional Development. Sheffield, Government Office for Yorkshire and the Humber Foord, J. (1999) ‘Creative Hackney: Reflections on Hidden Art’, Rising East 3(2): 38-66 GLA (2003) London Cultural Capital. Realising the Potential of a world-class city. London, The Mayor of London’s Draft Cultural Strategy, June Graham, S. and Guy, S. (2002) ‘Digital space meets urban place: Sociotechnologies of urban restructuring in downtown San Francisco’, City 6(3): 369-382



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Guan, J (2002) 'Ethnic Consciousness arises on facing spatial threats to the Philadelphia Chinatown', in Erdentug A. and Colombijn, F. (eds) Urban Ethnic Encounters: the spatial consequences. London, Routledge: 126-141 Hall, P. (1998) Cities and Civilization: Culture, Innovation, and Urban Order. Weidenfeld & Nicholson Hamnett, C. (2003) ‘Gentrification and the Middle-class Remaking of Inner London, 1961-2001’, Urban Studies 40(12):2401-2426 Hepworth, M., Glossop, C. and Waters, R. (2004) The Geography of the Knowledge Economy in Britain and its Implications. London, The Local Futures Group Hoesli, M., Lizieri, C., MacGregor, B. (1997) ‘The Spatial Dimensions of the Investment Performance of UK Commercial Property’, Urban Studies 34(9): 1475-1494 Hutton, T.A. (2000) 'Reconstructed production landscapes in the postmodern city: applied design and creative services in the metropolitan core', Urban Geography 21: 285-317 Keith, M. (1995) ‘Ethnic Entrepreneurs and Street Rebels. Looking inside the inner city’, in Pile, S. and Thrift, N. (eds) Mapping the Subject: Geographies of Cultural Transformation. London, Routledge: 335-70 Knox, P. (1996) ‘Globalization and urban change’, Urban Geography 17: 115-117 Krugman, P. (1991) Geography and Trade. Cambridge MA, MIT Press Landry, C. (2000) The Creative City. A Toolkit for Urban Innovators. London, Earthscan

Lane, R. (1998) ‘The Place of Industry’, Harvard Architecture Review, 10 [Civitas/What City?]: 151–61 Lawless, P. & Gore. T. (1999) ‘Urban Regeneration and Transport Investment: A Case Study of Sheffield 1992-96’, Urban Studies 36(3): 527-545 Malpezzi, S. (2001) NIMBYs and Knowledge: Urban Regulation and the “New Economy”. Center for Urban Land Economics Research, University of Wisconsin: 1-42 Lane, R. (1998) ‘The Place of Industry’, Harvard Architecture Review 10 [Civitas/What City?]: 151–61 Ley, D. (2003) ‘Artists, Aestheticisation and the Field of Gentrification’, Urban Studies 40(12): 2527-2544 Marshall, A. (1920) Principles of Economics. London, Macmillan Mommass, H. (2004) ‘Cultural clusters and the post-industrial city: towards the remapping of urban cultural policy, Urban Studies 41(3): 507-532 Montgomery, J. (2003) Cultural Quarters as Mechanisms for Urban Regeneration, Paper to Planning Institute of Australia Conference. http://www.planning.sa.gov.au/congress/pdf/Papers/Montgomery.pdf Moriset, B. (2003) ‘The New Economy in the City: Emergence and Location Factors of Internet-based Companies in the Metropolitan Area of Lyon, France’, Urban Studies 40(11): 2165-2186 O’Connor, J. and Wynne, D. (1996) From the Margins to the Centre: Cultural Production and Consumption in the Post-Industrial City. Aldershot, Arena Porter, M. (1995) ‘The competitiveness of the inner city’, Harvard Business Review 5/3 Portnov, B.A. and Erell, E. (2001) Urban Clustering. The Benefits and Drawbacks of Location. Ashgate



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Pratt, A. (2000) ‘New media, the new economy and new spaces’, Geoforum, 31(4): 425-436 Pratt, A. (2002) ‘Hot Jobs in Cool Places. The Material Cultures of New Media Product Spaces: The Case of South of the Market, San Francisco’, Information Communication Society 5(1): 27-50 Rantisi, N.M. (2002) ‘The Local Innovation System as a Source of “Variety”: Openness and Adaptability in New York City’s Garment District’, Regional Studies, 36(6): 587-602 RICS (2002) Land Value and Public Transport. Stage 1 - Summary of Findings. London, ODPM/RICS Policy Unit RICS (2004) Land Value and Public Transport. Stage 2 – Testing the Methodology on the Croydon Tramlink. London, ODPM/Department for Transport/RICS Policy Unit Santagata, W. (2002) ‘Cultural Districts, Property Rights and Sustainable Economic Growth’, International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 26 (10): 9-23 Scott, A. (2000) The Cultural Economy of Cities. New York, Sage Sheffield CIQ (2002) Creative Clusters Conference Handbook , ‘First International Summit Conference on Creative Industries Regeneration’, Cultural Industries Quarter, Sheffield, 20-23 November Simmie, J. (ed) (2001) Innovative Cities. London, Spon Press Solvell, O., Lindqvist, G., Ketels, C. (2004) The Cluster Initiative Greenbook. Ivory Tower AB, Stockholm Taylor, I. (2000) ‘European ethnoscapes and urban redevelopment. The return of Little Italy in 21st century Manchester’, City 4(1): 27-42 Tiesdell, S., Oc, T. and Heath, T. (1996), Revitalising historic urban quarters. Architectural Press, Oxford Urban Cultures Ltd. (1994) Prospects and Planning Requirements of the Creative Industries in London. London, London Planning Advisory Committee Urban Studies (2001) Special Issue – Urban Neighbourhoods, 38(12): 2103-316 URBED (1988) Developing the Cultural Industries Quarter in Sheffield. Sheffield, Sheffield City Council Van Criekingen, M. and Decroly J-M. (2003) ‘Revisiting the Diversity of Gentrification: Neighbourhood Renewal processes in Brussels and Montreal’, Urban Studies 40(12): 2451-2468 Vandell, K. and Carter, C. (2000) Store Location in (US) Shopping Centers: Theory and Estimates. Asian Real Estte Society, Beijing, July: 1-27 Verwijnen, J. and Lehtovuori, P. (1999) Creative Cities: Cultural Industries, Urban Development and the Information Society. Helsinki, University of Art and Design Press Weber, M. (1909/1929) Theory of the Location of Industries. Chicago, University of Chicago Press Wigley, N. and Lowe, M. (ed.) (1996) Retailing, Consumption and Capital: Towards the New Retail Geography. Harlow, Longman Williams, K, Jencks, M. and Buston, E. (1999) ‘How much is too Much: Urban Intensification, Social Capacity and Sustainable Development’, Open House International, 2(1): 17-25



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24 Hour City [Key words: Evening / Night time Economy, 24 Hour Economy, Urban Tourism, Licensing and Entertainment] Ashworth, G. and Dietvorst, A. (eds) (1995) Tourism and Spatial Transformations. Implications for Policy and Planning. Wallingford, CAB International Bianchini, F., Fisher, M., Montgomery, J. and Worpole, K. (1988) City Centres, City Cultures: the role of the arts in the revitalisation of towns and cities, Centre for Local Economic Strategies. Manchester, Manchester Free Press

Bianchini, F. (1998) 'The twenty-four hour city'. London, Demos Quarterly, Issue 5

Bourne, C. (2003) 'Waking up to 24-hour party people on your doorstep' (in East Village, Manhattan), New Urban Futures (formerly Urban Environment Today), No.7, 24.1.03: 7 Bromley, R., Tallon, A., Thomas, C. (2003) ‘Disaggregating the space-timer layers of city-centre activities and their users’, Environment and Planning A, 35: 1831-1851 Camden, L.B. (2002) Night In, Night Out: Camden’s Licensing Policy. London, L.B.Camden Central Westminster Police Community Consultative Group (1998) A Good Night Out!. London Civic Trust & the Open All Hours Campaign, 'Open All Hours A Report on the Alcohol and Entertainment Licensing Bill', December 2002, available from T.Thomson, (020) 7389 1376; summary http://www.planning.haynet.com

Civic Trust (2004) Town and City Centres and the Evening and Late Night Economies. (Phase 1 Report) London. www.civictrust.org.uk/evening/introduction.shtml

Comedia Ltd. (1991) Out of Hours: A Study of Economic, Social and Cultural Life in 12 Town Centres in the UK. London, ComediaCozens, P.; Hillier, D. and Graham, M. (2003) 'Shedding some light - street lighting and the 24-hour city', Town and Country Planning 72 (1), January, pp26-27

Cuthbertson, A. (1996) 'Cashing in on the all-night scene', Planning Week 4 (20). DCMS (2004) Alcohol and Entertainment Licensing Act 2003 Consultation Draft. London Evans, G. L. (1998) ‘Urban Leisure: Edge City and the New Pleasure Periphery’, in Collins, M. and Cooper, I. (eds) Quality of Life and Free Time for the 21st Century. Wallingford, CAB International: 113-38 ________ (2000) ‘Planning for Urban Tourism: A critique of Unitary Development Plans and Tourism Policy in London’, International Journal of Tourism Research 2(4): 1-20 ________ and Shaw, S. (2001) ‘Urban Leisure and Transport: Regeneration Effects’, Journal of Leisure Property 1/4: 350-372 ________ and Shaw, S. (2002) ‘The Role of Urban Transport in Regional Development and Regeneration’, Tourism Destination Planning, Andrews, N. et al. Dublin Institute of Technology: 293-310 Gillman, S. (2004) ‘Controlling successful night-time economies’, Planning 23.4.04: 9



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Greater London Authority (2003) Late-Night London: Planning and Managing the Late-Night Economy Report of an Introductory Study for GLA, London Development Agency, Transport for London by URBED, CIDS Manchester, CAS-UCL

Greed, C. (ed.) (1999) Social Town Planning. London, Routledge

Hadfield, P.; Lister, S. Hobbs, D. & Winlow, S. (2001) 'The '24-hour city' - condition critical', Town and Country Planning 70 (11): 300-202

Hannigan, J. (1999) Fantasy Places: Pleasure and Profit in the Post-modern metropolis London, Routledge

Hayes, H. (2001) 'Managing the stress of mixing uses' (balancing residential amenity and the vibrancy of the street in the growing 24-hour economy in city centres), Urban Environment Today 134, 8.11.01: 10-1.

Heath, T. (1997) 'The 24-Hour City Concept: A review of initiatives in British cities', Journal of Urban Design 2 (2): 193-204.

Heath, T. and Stickland, R. (1997) ‘The 24 hour city concept’, in Oc, T. and Tiedsell, S. (eds) Safer City Centres: Reviving the Public Realm. London, Paul Chapman: 170-183 Hobbs, D., Hall, S., Winlow, S. and Lister, S. (2000) ‘Receiving shadows: governance, liminality in the night time economy, British Journal of Sociology, 51: 701-717 Hobbs, D., Hadfield, P., Lister, S. and Winlow, S. (2003) Bouncers: Violence and Governance in the Night-Time Economy. Oxford, Oxford University Press Home Office (2000) 'Time for Reform: Proposals for the Modernisation of Our Licensing Laws', Cm 4696, TSO, London, April Jackson, P. (1998) ‘Domesticating the street’, in Fyfe, N. R. (ed.) Images of the Street: Planning, Identity and Control in Public Space. London, Routledge Jackson, L. (1999) Mixed-Use Experience in Wycombe, Town & Country Planning Summer School, Swansea

Jones, Peter; Hillier, D & Turner, D. (1999) 'Towards the '24 hour city' (management challenges), Town and Country Planning 68 (5): 164-165

Jones, P. and; Hillier, D. (2000) 'Multi-leisure complexes', Town and Country Planning, 69: 362-364 Kreitzman, L. (1999) The 24 Hour Society. London, Profile Law, C.M. (1992) ‘Urban Tourism and its Contribution to Economic Regeneration’, Urban Studies 29 (314): 599-618 LGA (2002) 'All day and all of the night?. London, Local Government Association http://www.lga.gov.uk/Documents/Publications/alldayallnight.pdf LGA (2003) 'Night time - the right time?', http://www.lga.gov.uk/Documents/Publications/nightime.pdf Lipman, C. (2003) ‘A night on the town’. New Start, 12 December. London: 12-13



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Lovatt, A., J. O'Connor, J., Montgomery and P. Owens (eds.) (1994) The 24-hour city: selected papers from the first national conference on the night-time economy, Manchester Metropolitan University Lovatt, A. (1995) ‘The ecstasy of urban regeneration: regulation of the night-time economy in the post-Fordist city’, in O’Connor, J. and Wynne, D. (1996) From the Margins to the Centre: Cultural Production and Consumption in the Post-Industrial City. Aldershot, Arena Lovatt, A. (1997) ‘Turning Up the Lights in the Cities of the night’, Planner, 27 June: 20-21 Lovatt, A. & O'Connor, J. (1995) 'Cities and the Night-time Economy', Planning Practice & Research 10(2) Montgomery, J. (1997) ‘Café Culture and the City: The Role of Pavement Cafés in Urban Public Social Life’, Journal of Urban Design 2(1) Newman, M. and Bennett, M. (2001) ‘Open All Hours’: City Centre Communities Matter – Report on CCI’s National Conference on Licensing Reform’, University of Westminster, pp.19 New Urban Futures (2003) Special Report: The evening economy and the urban renaissance. 27 November: 5-7 Nichols-Clark, T., Lloyd, R., Wong, K. and Jain, P. (2003) ‘Amenities Drive Urban Growth: A New Paradigm and Policy Linkages’, in Nichols-Clark, T. (ed.) The City as an Entertainment Machine. Research in Urban Policy Vol.9. New York, Elsevier: 291-322 ODPM (2003) Memorandum by the Open All Hours? Working Party (EVE 12). London www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmselect/cmodpm/396-ii/396m13.htm ODPM (2003) The Evening Economy and the Urban Renaissance: Interim Report [Responding to the Licensing Bill]. HC 396. London ODPM (2003) Government Response to the Housing, Planning, Local Government and the Regions Committee’s Sixth Report on the Licensing Bill (Lords) and the Evening Economy. London, HMSO Page, S. (1995) Urban Tourism. London, Routledge Roberts, M. (2006 ) ‘From ‘creative city’ to no-go areas- the expansion of the night-time economy in British town and city centres’, Cities 23 (5), pp.331-338. Roberts, M., Turner, C., Greenfield, S. & G. Osborn (2006 ) ‘A Continental Ambience? Lessons in Managing Alcohol Related Evening and Night-time Entertainment from Four European Capitals, Urban Studies, 43 (7): 1105-1125 Sassen, S. and Roost, F. (1999) ‘The city: strategic site for the global entertainment industry’, in Judd, D.R. and Fainstein, S.S. (eds) The Tourist City. New Haven and London, Yale University Press: 143–154 Shaw, S and MacLeod, N (2000) 'Creativity and Conflict: Cultural Tourism in London's City Fringe' , Tourism, Culture and Communication, 2 (3): 165-175 Talbot, D. (2004) ‘Regulation and Racial Differentiation in the Construction of Night-Time Economies: A London Case Study’, Urban Studies 41(4): 887-901 Thomas, C.J. and Bromley, D.F. (2000) ‘City-centre Revitalisation: Problems of Fragmentation and Fear in the Evening and Night-Time City’, Urban Studies 37(8): 1403-29 Town Centres Ltd Consultancy (2001) The West End Entertainment Impact Study. London Westminster City Council, October



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Turner, C. (2001) 24-Hour City Literature Review. Central Cities Institute. London, University of Westminster Urban Studies (1998) Special Issue: ‘Urban Consumption and Urban Lifestyles’, 35(5) URBED/CASA, A.Lovatt (2002) Late-Night London, Planning and Managing the Late-Night Economy. London, Greater London Authority (GLA) with the LDA, Transport or London Urry, J. (1995) Consuming Places, The International Library of Sociology. London, Routledge



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Urban Design, Planning and Urban Policy [Key words: Quality of Life, Urban Design, Town Planning, Planning Policy Guidance (PPG), Design Guidance, Urban Policy] Adair, A. et al. (2003) Benchmarking Urban Regeneration. London, ODPM/RICS Foundation (www.rics-foundation.org), November Balibrea, M.P. (2001) ‘Urbanism, culture and the post-industrial city: challenging the ‘Barcelona model’ Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies 2(2): 187-210 Barker, P. (1999) ‘Non-Plan Revisited: or how cities really grow’, Journal of Design History, 12: 95-110 Barton, H., Davis, G. and Guise, R. (1995) Sustainable settlements: A Guide for Planners, Designers and Developers. Bristol, Local Government Management Board Benevelo, L. (1971) The Origins of Modern Town Planning. Cambridge University Press Bentley, I., Alcock, A., McGlynn, S., Murrain, P. and Smith, G. (1985) Responsive environments: a manual for designers. London, Architectural Press Billingham, J. and Cole, R. (2003) The Good Place Guide - Urban Design in Britain and Ireland. Batsford for the Urban Design Group Borja, J. and Castells, M. (1997) Local and Global: Management of Cities in the Information Age. London, Earthscan Breheny, M. (1999) (ed.) The People: Where Will they Work?. London, Town & Country Planning Association Bridge, G. and Watson, S. (eds) (2000) A Companion to the City. Oxford, Blackwell Burtenshaw, D., Bateman, M. and Ashworth, G.J. (1991) The European City: A Western Perspective. London, David Fulton Publishers CABE (2001a) Urban Design Skills Working Group - Report to the Minister for Housing, Planning & Regeneration. London, DTL. CABE (2001b) The Value of Urban Design. London, UCL Bartlett for CABE & DETR CABE/CIC (2002) Design Quality Indicators. London, CABE/Construction Industry Council CABE (2003a). Building Sustainable Communities: Developing the Skills We Need. London CABE (2003b). Building Sustainable Communities: Actions for Housing Market Renewal. London CABE (2004a) Review of Local Authority Planning Departments 2003. London CABE (2004b) Housing Futures 2004: a provocative look at future trends in housing. London, CABE CABE (2004c) The Councillor’s Guide to Urban Design. London, CABE CABE (2004d) Draft PPS 6 Planning for Town Centres. Response to Consultation Draft. London. March CABE (2004e) Creating Sustainable Communities. Response to Consultation Draft. London. May



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CABE/English Heritage (2003) Moving towards excellence in urban design and conservation. London. Carmona, M. (1997) ‘Residential design guidance’, Urban Design Quarterly, 62 (April) http://rudi.herts.ac.uk/ej/ddq/ Carmona, M., De Magalhaes, Edwards, M. (2002) ‘Stakeholder Views on Value and Urban Design’, Journal of Urban Design 7(2): 145-169 Carmona, M., Heath, T. Oc, T. and Tiesdell, S. (2003) Public Places - Urban Spaces: the dimensions of urban design. Architectural Press CEC (1990) Green paper on the Urban Environment. (EUR 12902). Brussels, Commission of the European Community CEC (1992) Urbanisation and the Function of Cities in the European Community, Regional Development Studies 4. Brussels CEC (1995) Expert group on the Urban Environment: European Sustainable Cities Part II. Brussels Comedia & Demos (1998) Habitats - reconnecting housing and city policy, Eco Publishing Congress for the New Urbanism (2001) The Coming Demand. CNU, San Francisco www.cnu.org Core Cities Group (2002) Cities, regions and competitiveness, interim report from the Core Cities Working Group, Birmingham Core Cities Group (2003) Interim Report, www.corecities.com/interimreport/interim1410.html Cowan, R. (2002) (ed) Urban Design Guidance: Urban design frameworks, development briefs and masterplans. Thomas Telford Cozens, P. and Hills, J. (2003) ‘Designing for Use and Misuse’, Ergonomics in Design, 11(1): 12-16 Crime Concern (1999) Personal Security Issues in Pedestrian Journeys. London, DETR Cullingworth, J.B. (1999) Town & Country Planning in Britain - 10th edition. London, George Allen & Unwin DoE (1992) Building Regulations: Part M. London, HMSO DoE (1993) Business Relocation: The Case of London and the South-East Region, PRISM and Liverpool University, for DoE. London DoE (1996) Planning Policy Guidance No.6: Town Centres and Retail Development. London, Department of the Environment DoE (1997) Planning Policy Guidance PPG1 (revised): General Policy and Principles. London, HMSO DETR (1998a) Places, Streets and Movement: A companion guide to Design Bulletin 32. London DETR (1998b) Sustainable Development Indicators - Local Quality of Life Counts. London, Department for the Environment, Transport & the Regions DETR (1999) An Urban Renaissance, Final Report of the Urban Task Force. London, Routledge



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DETR (2000) By Design - Urban Design in the planning systems: towards better practice. London, CABE DETR (2001) Planning Policy Guidance Note No. 13 (revised): Transport. London, HMSO East Midlands Development Agency (2001) Urban Action Plan for the East Midlands. English Heritage (1997) Conservation Areas Appraisal. London. English Partnership (2000a) Sustainable Urban Extensions: Planned through Design. London, English Partnership, Prince's Foundation. English Partnership (2000b) Urban Design Compendium. London, English Partnership/The Housing Corporation. Evans, G.L. and Foord, J. (2003) ‘Cultural Planning in East London’, in Kirkham, N. and Miles, M. (eds) Cultures & Settlement. Advances in Art & Urban Futures Vol.3. Bristol, Intellect Books: 15-30 Evans, R. (1997) Regenerating Town Centres. Manchester, Manchester University Press. Fainstein, S. (1994) The City Builders: Property, Politics, and Planning in London and New York. Cambridge, MA, Blackwell. Fainstein, S., Gordon, I., Harloe, M. (1992) Divided Cities. Blackwell, Oxford Field, B. and MacGregor, B. (1987) Forecasting Techniques for Urban and Regional Planning. London, Hutchinson Gehl, J. (2000) New City Spaces. Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Press Glancey, J. (2001) London: Bread and Circuses. London, Verso Gospodni, A. (2002) ‘European Cities in Competition and the ‘Uses’ of Urban Design’, Journal of Urban Design 7(1): 59-73 Gottdiener, M. (2000) ‘Lefebvre and the bias of academic urbanism. What can we learn from the ‘new’ urban analysis?’, City, 4(1): 93-100 Greed, C. (1994) Women and Planning. Creating Gendered Realities. London, Routledge Greenhalgh, P. and Shaw, K. (2002) Regional Development Agencies and the future of Physical Regeneration in England. London, CABE with RICS & Northumbria University Hagerty, M. Vogel, J. and Moller, V. (2004) Assessing Quality of Life and Living Conditions to Guide National Policy. London, Kluwer Hall, P. (1996) Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning and Design in the Twentieth Century. Oxford, Blackwell Hall, P. and Ward, C. (1998) Sociable Cities: the legacy of Ebenezer Howard. Chichester, Wiley Harvey, J. (2000) Urban Land Economics (5th ed.). London, Macmillan Healey, P. (2000) ‘Planning in relational space and time: responding to new urban realities’, in Bridge, G. and Watson, S. (eds) A Companion to the City, Oxford: Blackwell



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Healey, P. and Barratt, S. (1990) ‘Structure and agency in land and property development processes: some ideas for research’, Urban Studies 27(1): 89-104 Hulme Regeneration Ltd. (1994) Rebuilding the city: a guide to development: Hulme, Manchester. Hulme Regeneration Ltd., Manchester Imrie, R. (2000) ‘Responding to the Design needs of Disabled People’, Journal of Urban Design 5(2): 199-219 Jones, C. (1996) ‘The Theory of Property Led Local Economic Development’, Regional Studies, 30 (8): 797-801 Kibert, C.J. (ed.) (1999) Reshaping the Built Environment. Ecology, Ethics and Economics. Washington D.C., Island Press Leach, N. (ed.) (2002) The Hieroglyphics of Space. Reading and Experiencing the Modern Metropolis. London, Routledge Lichfield, D. (1992) Urban Regeneration for the 1990s. London, London Planning Advisory Committee Little, J. et al. (1988) Women and Cities: Gender and the Urban Environment. London, Macmillan Llewelyn-Davies Planning (1990) The New Business Use Classes: A Study of the Impact of the B1 and B2 Use Classes on the Supply of Industrial Land and Buildings in London. London, London Planning Advisory Committee LGA (2003) In Suburbia. Local Government Association et al. Winchester, Hampshire County Council Loftman, P. and Nevin, B. (1993) Urban Regeneration and Social Equity: A Case Study of 1986-1992 Birmingham. Birmingham, University of Central England in Birmingham LPAC (1990) Model UDP Policies for the Arts, Culture and Entertainment. London, LPAC Lynch, K. (1984) Good City Form. Boston, MIT Lynch, K. (1990) City Sense and City Design. Boston, MIT Madanipour, A. (1999) Design of Urban Space An Inquiry into a Social-Spatial Process. Winchester, John Wiley & Sons McQuaid, R.W., Greig, M., Smyth, A. and Cooper, J. (2004) The Importance of Transport in Business Location Decisions, Napier University for the Department for Transport Oatley, N. (1991) ‘Streamlining the System: Implications of the B1 Business Class for Planning Policy and Practice’, Planning Policy and Research, 6(1): 19 ODPM (2000) Our Towns and Cities: The Future Delivering an Urban Renaissance. London. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister ODPM (2002) Local Government Bill, Consultation paper: Part 4 - Business Improvement Districts. London, HMSO ODPM (2003a) Sustainable communities: building for the future. London



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ODPM (2003b) Manual for Streets - A Reference for Design and Adoption (“Manual for Streets”). Proposal from ODPM Commissioned Review: Better Streets, Better Places, Delivering Sustainable Residential Environments. London, ODPM/DfT ODPM (2003c) Assessing the Impacts of Spatial Interventions. Regeneration, Renewal and Regional Development. Main Guidance. London, April ODPM (2003d) Housing in England Survey 2001/2. London http://www.odpm.gov.uk/stellent/groups/odpm_housing/documents/page/odpm_house_026606. pdf ODPM (2004) Consultation Paper on Planning Policy Statement 1: Creating Sustainable Communities. London, February ODPM/Planning (2004) Changing the culture. How the planning reforms are set to reinvent the profession. ODPM Supplement to Planning. London ODPM (2005) Planning Policy Statement 1: Delivering Sustainable Development. London Pennington, M. (2002) Liberating Land. The case for Private Land-Use Planning. London, Institute for Economic Affairs Punter J. and Carmona M. (1997) The design dimension of planning: theory, content and best practice for design policies. London, E & FN Spon RIBA London Region (2001) Design for a Greater London. London RICS (2002) Transport Development Areas. Guide to Good Practice. London, Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors Robson, B., Parkinson, M. et al. (2000) The State of English Cities. London, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions Rowley, A., Gibson, V. and Ward, C. (1998?) Quality in Urban Design: a study of the involvement of private property decision-makers. London, RICS Rydin, Y. (2003) In Pursuit of Sustainable Development. Rethinking the Planning System. London, RICS Foundation Seiber, R.E. (2003) ‘Public participation geographic information systems across borders’, The Canadian Geographer 47(1): 50-61 Sheffield Hallam University, The University of Salford, The Judge Institute of Management Studies (2000) Design Against Crime - A Report to the Design Council, Home Office/Department of Trade and Industry Stoker, G. (1995) ‘Regime Theory and Urban Politics’, in Judge, D., Stoker, G. and Wolman, H (eds.) Theories of Urban Politics. London, Sage Stratton, M. (ed.) (2002) Industrial Buildings: Conservation and Regeneration. London, E & FN Spon Thomas, R. (2003) Sustainable Urban Design – an Environmental Approach. London E & FN Spon Town, S., Davey, C. and Wootton, A. (2004) Design Against Crime. Secure Environments by Design. Guidance for the design of residential areas. Salford, University of Salford Tym, R. and Partners (1989) Effect on Small Firms of Refusal of Planning Permission. London, HMSO UPU/ODPM (2002) Towns and Cities. Partners in Urban Renaissance. London, Urban Policy Unit



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Urban Task Force (1999) Towards urban renaissance. London, DETR. URBED (2004) Tools for Making London’s Suburbs More Sustainable. London, URBED for GLA www.urbed.com./cgi-bin/main.cgi?org_code=fffgggretuiopef57&ption=article&doc_id=221 Wansborough, M. & Magean, A. (2000) 'The Role of Urban Design in Cultural Regeneration', Journal of Urban Design 5(2), June: 181-197 Worpole, K. (2000) Here Comes the Sun: Architecture and Public Space in Twentieth-Century European Culture. London, Reaktion Books Worpole, K. and Greenhalgh, L. (1999) The Richness of Cities: Urban Policy in a New Landscape - Final Report [to Urban Task Force]. Stroud, Comedia/Demos



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Urban Morphology [Keywords: Space Syntax, Spatial Analysis, Grids, Morphology] Batty, M. and Longley, P. (1994) Fractial Cities. London, Academic Press Hanson, J. (1989). 'Order and Structure in Urban Design: the plans for the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire of 1666', Ekistiks (334/335): 22-41 Hiilier, B. and A. Penn (1992) 'Dense Civilisations: the shape of cities in the 21st century', Applied Energy (43): 41-66. Hillier, B. (1996) Space is the Machine. London, Cambridge University Press. Hillier, B. (1996) 'Cities as movement economies', Urban Design International 1: 49-60. Hiilier, B. (1999) 'The hidden geometry of deformed grids: or, why space syntax works, when it looks as though it shouldn't', Environment & Planning B: Planning & Design (26): 169-191. Hillier, B. (2000) 'Centrality as a process: accounting for attraction inequalities in deformed grids', Urban Design International 3(4): 107-127. Hillier, B. (2001) A theory of the city as object: or, how spatial laws mediate the social construction of urban space. Third Space Syntax Symposium, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, U.S. Hillier, B., Burdett, R. et al. (1987) 'Creating Life: or, does architecture determine anything?', Architecture & Behaviour 3(3): 233-250. Hillier, B. and J. Hanson (1993) The Social logic of space. Cambridge University Press. Hillier, B., Penn, A. et al. (1993) 'Natural movement: or configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement', Environment & Planning B: Planning & Design (20): 29-66. Kostof, S. (1991) The City Shaped: urban patterns and meaning throughout history. London, Thames and Hudson. Kostof, S. (1992) The City Assembled: the elements of urban form through history. London, Thames and Husdon Martin, L. (1972) 'The grid as generator', in Martin, L. and March, L., Urban space and structures. Cambridge University Press Sacco, G. (1976) ‘Morphology and culture of European cities’, in van Hulton, M. (ed.) Europe 2000, Project 3, The Hague: Nijhoff: vol. 1, 162–87



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Case Study Areas / Cities Clerkenwell, L.B.Islington [City Fringe, Urban Village, Conservation Area/Zone], London Aldous, T. (1992) Urban Villages: A Concept for Creating Mixed-Use Urban Developments on a Sustainable Scale. London, Urban Villages Group [Clerkenwell case study] ALG (2004) Through the eyes of Londoners. Housing and Communities. London, Association of London Government Stakeholder Taskforce ARUP (2002) City Fringe Urban Appraisal, Sustainability Appraisal, City Fringe Partnership. London Bagwell, S. and Boulton, R. (1993) The Business Advice and Support Needs of Craft Businesses in Clerkenwell, Clerkenwell Community Trust Baker Associates (1992) Study of Craft Industries in Clerkenwell, for the Clerkenwell Community Trust Baker Associates (1993) Planning Strategy for Clerkenwell, Clerkenwell Community Trust Baker Associates (1993) The Craft Base in Clerkenwell, Clerkenwell Community Trust Butler, T. (2003) ‘Living in the Bubble: Gentrification and its ‘Others’ in North London’, Urban Studies 40(12): 2469-2486 [Barnsbury, Islington] CAITS/LERU (1990) The Business of Business in Islington: Report on the 1988 Islington Business Survey. London CARRA (2003) Carbon Dioxide Baseline Report – EC1 New Deal Area. EU LIFE Project. LB.Islington, November CEBR (2001) London’s contribution to the UK economy. Corporation of London, July CELTS (1996) Parks and Open Spaces - Survey of Users and Households. L.B.Islington Parks &Libraries CELTS (1997) Survey of Businesses and Visitor Amenities in Kings Cross. Kings Cross Partnership CESI (2003) City Fringe Partnership – Final Report. London, Centre for Economic & Social Inclusion City Fringe Partnership (2002) Bishopsgate Goodsyard Urban Appraisal. London Cosh, M. (1990) The squares of Islington, Part 1, Finsbury and Clerkenwell. London, Islington Archaeology & History Society Evans, G.L. (1990) Premises Needs and Problems of Crafts Firms in Clerkenwell. London, Local Enterprise Research Unit, Polytechnic of North London Evans, G.L. (1991) Clerkenwell Case Study: Trading Places - The City Workshop, Worpole, K., in Whose Cities (Fisher, M and Owen, U - eds). London, Penguin Evans, G.L. and Joyce, P. (1997) Final Report: Links with SMEs in the CILNTEC Area - i The Clothing Industry; ii Multimedia Services Network. London, University of North London Forshaw, A. (2001) 20th Century Buildings in Islington (Clerkenwell South and North - Chapter 4 & 5). The Islington Society



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Forshaw, A. and Begstrom, T. (1990) Smithfield Past and Present. Robert Hale Harrison, C.M., Munton, R.J.C., Collins, K. (2004) ‘Experimental Discursive Spaces: Policy, Processes, Public Participation and the Greater London Authority’, Urban Studies 41(45): 903-917 Islington, L.B. – see Islington Council below LDA (2001) Success through diversity - the Mayor's Economic Development Strategy. London Llewelyn-Davies Planning (1990) The New Business Use Classes, London Planning Advisory Service [Islington, Hillingdon, Kingston] MORI (2002). London's Heritage: Research Study Conducted for English Heritage. London, English Heritage: 23 PACEC (2003) Understanding London’s Sub-Regional Economies, LDA, February Renaisi (2003) Work Space Supply and Demand in the City Fringe, April. London Roberts, M. and Greed, C. (2001) Approaching Urban Design. The Design Process [Clerkenwell case study]. Harlow, Pearson Tames, R. (1999) Clerkenwell and Finsbury Past. London, Historical Publications Veruete-McKay, L. (2003) What is driving business investment in London?, Current Issues Note 1. GLAEconomics, British Chamber of Commerce



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Case study areas Islington Council (www.islington.gov.uk) Islington, L.B. (1997a) Business to Homes. Research Report, April. Islington Development Planning Service Islington, L.B. (1997b) Business Use to Residential. May. Islington Planning Department Islington, L.B. (1997c) Islington streetbook. A borough-wide streetscene manual. Islington Technical and Environmental Services Islington, L.B. (1999a) Green Travel Plans. June. Islington Planning Department Islington, L.B. (1999b) State of the Environment in Islington, Technical and Environmental Services, Development Planning. London Islington, L.B. (2000) Round table discussion on housing density, Information Report, 17 February. Islington Development Planning Service Islington, L.B. (2001) Car-Free Housing, May. Islington Planning Department Islington, L.B. and Islington Met. Police (2001) Islington community safety audit 1998 to 2001, Partnership Office Islington, L.B. (2002a) Unitary Development Plan. Islington Planning Department Islington, L.B. (2002b) Sustainability Assessments. February. Islington Planning Department Islington, L.B. (2002c) Conservation Area Design Guidelines. January (Rev). Islington Planning Department Islington, L.B. (2003a) Annual Spending Plan, Islington Planning Department Islington, L.B. (2003b) City Road Basin. A Masterplan for Regeneration. Bennetts Associates for L.B.Islington Web links L.B.Islington www.islington.gov.uk Islington.net www.islington.net/islington.nsf/home Islington www.met.police.uk/islington/index.htm Islington Strategic Partnership www.islington.gov.uk/community/community_none.asp?sectionid=1826 Islington Voluntary Action Council www.ivac.org.uk Islington Primary Care Trust www.islingtonpct.nhs.uk



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Manchester Beyonon, H., Elson, D., Howell, D. Peck, J. and Shaw, L. (1993) The Remaking of Economy and Society: Manchester, Salford and Trafford 1945-92. WP1 University of Manchester, Manchester International centre for Labour Studies Cochrane, A., Peck, J. and Tickell, A. (1996) ‘Manchester plays games: exploring the local politics of globalisation’, Urban Studies 33: 1319-36 DTI (1989) A History of Regional Industrial Policy. Manchester, DTI North West Regional Office DTZ Pieda Consulting (1998) City Centre Residential Property Markets [Manchester, Birmingham, Newcastle, Nottingham, Leeds] Fairweather, E. (1991-4) The ‘Before’ and ‘After’ Household Survey and Impact of Metrolink – Metrolink Impact Study Working papers No. 5-11 (3. Office Development & 7. Retailing in Greater Manchester, with C.M.Law), University Of Salford Haslam, D. (1999) Manchester England: The Story of the Pop Cult City. London, Fourth Estate Hobbs, D., Hadfield, P., Lister, S. and Winlow, S. (2003) Bouncers: Violence and Governance in the Night-Time Economy. Oxford, Oxford University Press [Manchester case study] Holden, A. (2002) ‘Bomb sites: the politics of opportunity’, in Peck, J. and Ward, K. (eds) City of Revolution: Restructuring Manchester. Manchester University Press Kidd, A. (1993) Manchester. Keele, Ryburn Kidd, A. (1996) Manchester: Town and City Histories, Hartnolls, Cornwall Lambert Smith Hampton (1999) The Effects of the Trafford Centre. LSH Law, C. (1992) ‘Property-led regeneration in inner Manchester’, in Healey, P. et al. Rebuilding the City – Property-led Urban Regeneration. London, Spon Lloyd, P. (1980) ‘Manchester: a study of industrial decline and economic restructuring’, in White, H. (ed.) The Continuing Conurbation: Change and Development in Greater Manchester. Farnborough, Gower Manchester Polytechnic (1989) The Culture Industry, The Economic Importance of the Arts & Cultural Industries in Greater Manchester. Manchester, Centre for Employment Research Malone, P. (1997) ‘The Mending of Manchester’, Urban Design Quarterly, 61, January: 11-13 Marshall, W. (1994) ‘Urban Design in Manchester’, Urban Design Quarterly, April: 18-21 MIPC (1997) The Cultural Production Sector in Manchester: Research and Strategy. Manchester Institute for Popular Culture, Manchester Metropolitan University Peck, J and Tickell, A. (1995) ‘Business goes local: dissecting the “business agenda” in Manchester, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 19: 55-77 Peck, J. and Ward, K. (2002) City of Revolution: Restructuring Manchester. Manchester University Press Quilley, S. (1999) ‘Entrepreneurial Manchester: the genesis of elite consensus’, Antipode 32: 188-211 RIBA (2004) Manchester - Shaping the City. Manchester City Council



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Rodgers, H.B. (1986) ‘Manchester metropolitan planning by collaboration and consent, or civic hope frustrated’, in Gordon, G. (ed.) Regional Cities in the UK 1890-1980. London, Harper and Row Seo, JK. (2002) ‘Re-urbanisation in Regenerated Areas of Manchester & Glasgow’, Cities 19(2):1130-121 Syms, P. (1995) ‘Piccadilly Village: a case study in regeneration’, in McGreal, S. and Barry, J. (eds), Urban Regeneration. London, E & FN Spon Syms, P. and Wilkinson, S. (2000) City Centre Living: is it Sustainable?, ‘Two Speed Cities? Cities and Urban Development in the New Millennium’, Regional Studies Association Conference, November: 74-77 Tickell, A. and Peck, J. (1986) ‘The return of the Manchester Med: men’s words and men’s deeds in the remaking of the local state’, Transactions (TIBG) 21: 595-616 Tye, R. and Williams, G. (1994) ‘Urban regeneration and centre-local government relations – the case of east Manchester’, Progress in Planning, 42:1. Oxford, Pergammon Press Wansborough, M. & Magean, A. (2000) 'The Role of Urban Design in Cultural Regeneration', Journal of Urban Design 5(2), June [case study Northern Quarter] Ward, K. 92003) ‘The limits to contemporary urban redevelopment. ‘Doing’ entrepreneurial urbanism in Birmingham, Leeds and Manchester’, City, 7(2): 199-211 Williams, G. (1995) ‘Prospecting for gold: Manchester’s City pride experience, Planning Practice and Research, 10: 345-358 Williams, G. (1996) ‘City profile: Manchester’, Cities, 13: 203-212 Williams, G. (1999) ‘Greater Manchester’ in Roberts et al (eds) Metropolitan Planning in Britain: A Comparative Study. London, Jessica Kingsley Williams, G. (2000) ‘Rebuilding the entrepreneurial city: masterplanning responses to the bombing of Manchester city centre’, Environment and Planning B 27: 485-505 Williams, G. (2003) The Enterprising City Centre: Manchester's Development Challenge. London, Spon Woodford, R. (2002) 'Life returns to heart of city' (promotion of sustainable city centre living in Manchester). Manchester, Making Planning Work feature, Planning 1472, 7.6.02: 11 Manchester City Council (MCC) www.manchester.gov.uk/planning/ (1995) Unitary Development Plan. Manchester, MCC (1996) A Guide to Development in Manchester. Manchester, MCC (1998) Millennium Quarter Proposals. Manchester, MCC (2001) City Pride Partnership – Economic Development Plan 2001-4. Manchester, MCC (2002) Manchester City Centre Strategic Plan. Manchester, MCC Manchester City Centre Safe www.citycentresafe.com/frame_main2.html Manchester Millennium Ltd. (1996) Framework for the Future: City Centre Masterplan, Manchester, MCC Salford City Council www.salford.gov.uk/planning.htm



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Sheffield Antwi, A. (1993) The Impact of New Transport Infrastructure on land Use and Property Values – analysis of theories and evidence, Centre for Regional and Economic Research, Sheffield Hallam University CABE (2004) Design Reviewed. Town Centre Retail (Sheffield New Retail Quarter). London: 28 Crocker, S. (1994) S.Yorkshire Supertram Monitoring and Evaluation: the impact of infrastructure investment on image: analysis of Stage 1 results, Centre for Regional and Economic Research, Sheffield Hallam University EDAW (1997) Sheffield Cultural Industries Quarter Vision and Development Study, Sheffield City Council Ellis Williams Architects (2004) Draft Sheaf Valley Framework Study, February. Sheffield Gillespie’s (2003) Urban Design Guidance, Sheffield City Council Lawless, P. (1994) ‘Partnerships in urban regeneration in the UK: the Sheffield Central Area Study, Urban Studies, 31(8): 1303-24 Lawless, P. and Gore. T. (1999) ‘Urban Regeneration and Transport Investment: A Case Study of Sheffield 1992-96’, Urban Studies 36(3): 527-545 Mooney, C. (2003) What did you get up to last night? Study of Customer Behaviour at the Leadmill, Sheffield. Sheffield University Moss, L. (2002) ‘Sheffield’s Cultural Industries Quarter 20 Years On: What can be Learned from a Pioneering Example?’, International Journal of Cultural Policy 8(2): 211-219 Sheffield City Council (1998) Unitary Development Plan www.sheffield.gov.uk/in-your-area/planning-and-city-development/planning-documents/udp Sheffield City Council (2004) Park Hill Redevelopment OJEC Notice 2004/S 72-061240. Tams, Elly (2003) The Workstation Ten Year Anniversary 1993-2003, Sheffield Media & Exhibition Centre (SMEC), June URBED (1988) Developing the Cultural Industries Quarter in Sheffield. Sheffield, Sheffield City Council Vickers, J.E. (1973) Sheffield Old and New. Wakefield, EP Publishers Web links: Sheffield City Planning and Development www.sheffield.gov.uk/in-your-area/planning-and-city-development Yorkshire Forward www.yorkshire-forward.com e-campus www.yorkshire-forward.com/view.asp?id=1757



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Web links Department for Communities and Local Government www.communities.gov.uk Government Statistics www.statistics.gov.uk Neighbourhood Renewal Unit www.neighbourhood.gov.uk Neighbourhood Renewal www.renewal.net UK online gateway to all public body websites ukonline.gov.uk Housing Corporation housingcorp.gov.uk Department for Transport www.dft.gov.uk Wired Government www.wired-gov.net Centre for Neighbourhood Research www.neighbourhoodcentre.org.uk Regen.net www.regen.net The Regen.net site merged with www.regenerationmagazine.com with the combined site retaining the name “Regen.net”

idox Information Service www.i-documentsystems.com/iii/contactus/index.htm

Regeneration UK www.regeneration-uk.com British Urban Regeneration Association www.bura.org.uk Centre for Local Economic Strategies (CLES) www.cles.org.uk Civic Trust Regeneration Unit www.civictrust.org.uk/ctru/ctru.shtml Association of Town Centre Managers www.atcm.org Urban Forum http://www.urbanforum.org.uk Local Investment Fund http://www.lif.org.uk Planning and Land Use National Land Use Database www.nlud.org.uk Land Registry www.landreg.gov.uk Strategic Sites UK (English Partnerships) www.strategicsites.co.uk

UK Planning www.ukplanning.com/ukp/index.htm

Plan.Info www.masterplan.info

RICS Foundation www.ricsfoundation.org.uk



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Nottingham University Online Planning Resources www.nottingham.ac.uk/sbe/planbiblios/bibs/urban Resource for Urban Design Information (RUDI) http://www.rudi.net/ Live-Work Foundation http://www.liveworknet.com/ Living Streets http://www.livingstreets.org.uk

Alcohol and Entertainment Licensing Act 2003 Consultation Draft www.culture.gov.uk/alcohol_and_entertainment/licensing_act_2003/default.htm?properties=%2C%2C%2C&print=true

Local Area Statistics neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk Creative Clusters www.creativeclusters.com Congress for the New Urbanism www.cnu.org/index.cfm Core Cities www.corecities.com/ New Economics Foundation www.neweconomics.org/

Sustainable Development Indicators www.sustainable-development.gov.uk/indicators

Local Government Association www.lga.gov.uk

BedZed http://www.bedzed.org.uk/

London

Greater London Authority www.gla.gov.uk

London Development Agency www.lda.gov.uk

Government Office for London www.go-london.gov.uk

London Plan www.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/sds/index.jsp

Central London Partnership www.c-london.co.uk

London Business Improvement Districts (BIDS) www.londonbids.info

Planning in London www.planninginlondon.com/introframeset.htm

Transport for London www.transportforlondon.gov.uk

Accessible London http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/sds/spg_accessible_london/accessible_london.pdf