BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abasheik, M. 1979. The Grammar of Chimw:ni Causatives. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana.

Abney, S. 1987. The' English Noun Phrase in Its Sentential Aspect. Doctoral Dissertation, MIT, Cambridge.

Aikhenvald, A.Y. 2000. Classifiers A TyPology of Noun Categorization Devices. Oxford: OUP.

Aissen, J. 1979. The syntax of Causative Constructions. New York: Garland.

Alcock, J~ 1994. "Origin and Diffusion of Bantu Languages [supplement]. In Manual of Comparative Bantu, p.121-134.Noverino N. Canonici (ed.) Durban: University of Natal.

Alsina, A. & Mchombo, S. 1993. "Object Asymmetries and the Chichewa Applicative . Construction". In Sam A. Mchombo (ed.) Theoretical Aspects of Bantu

Grammar. California:' CSLI

Alsina, A. &,Mchombo, S. A. 1993. "Object' Asymmetries and the' Chichewa Applicative Construction" In Sam .A. Mchombo (ed.) Theoretical Aspects of Bantu Grammar. Stanford: CSLI.

Alsina, Alex 1992. "On the argument structure of Causatives". Linguistic Inquiry 23: 217-556.

Altshuler, D. 2006. Sequence of Tense and Double Access. ms

Ambrose; Stanley Harmon 1982. Archaeology and Linguistic Reconstructions of History in East Africa. In Christopher Ehret & Merrick Posnansky (eds.) 'Archaeol()gical and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History, p.104..,157. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of

, California Press.

Amidu, A. A. 1994. Wnat is a class? A Study of Kiswahili Working Papers in Linguistics 22: 75-1005 '

Ainidu, A. A. 1995. Towards a Semantic Typology of Kiswahili Language Institute for the Study of Language and Cultures of Asia and Africa Tokyo.

Anderson, J. L.1989. Comaltepec Chinatec Syntax. Dallas: SIL and University of Texas at Arlington ' '

Anderson, J.M. 1971. The Grammar of Case: T-owards a Localist Theory. , , Cambridge: CUP

195

Anderson, S. C. 1979. Verb Structure. In Larry Hyman (ed.) Aghem Grammatical Structure With Special Reference to Noun Classes, Time-Aspect and Focus Marking. California: COPL No.7.

Anderson, S.R. 1982. Where's Morphology? Linguistic Inquiry, 13: 571-612

Aronoff, M. & Fudeman, K. 2005. Whlit is Morphology? Oxford: Blackwell.

Ashton, E. O. 1947. Swahili Grammar Including Intonation. 2nd Edition. London: Longmans.

Ashton, E.O.1944.Swahili Grammar. London: Longmans

Bailey, Richard Anthony 1987. A Critical Evaluation of Proto-Bantu Lexical Reconstructions. MA Thesis. Durban: University of Natal.

Baker, M. 1988a. Incorporation: A Theory of Granunatical Function Changing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1988b. "Theta Theory and the Syntax of Applicatives in Chichewa," Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6: 353-389.

Baker, M. 1988b. "Theta Theory and the Syntax of Applicatives in Chichewa". , Natural Language and Linguistic TheOlY 6: 353-389 .

. Baker, M. 1996. The Polysynthesis Parameter. Oxford UP, New York.

Baker, M. C 1988. Incorporation A Theory of Grammatical Changing. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Baker, Mark 1990a. "Elements of a Typology of Applicatives in Bantu" In J. Hutchinson & V. Manfredi (eds.) Current approaches to African Linguistics 7, 111-124 Foris: Dordrecht.

Baker, Mark 1992a. Thematic COhditions on Syntactic Structures: evidence from locative applicatives. In Thematic Structures: Its Role in Grammar (ed.) I.M. Rosa. 23-46 Foris: Berlin.

Ballcel, Pierre 1988. Double Reflexes in Bantu A. 70 Languages Pholia, 3, p.7-16

. Barlow, M. & C. A. (eds.) 1988. Agreement in Natural Language Approaches, Theoriesand Descriptions. Stanford: CSLI.

Bastin, Y. 1986. ilLes Suffixes Causatifs dans Les Langues bantoues." Africana Linguistica 10: 55-145.

'Baxel, M.A. Van 1981. The,iBantu" expansion: Demographic Models. Current Anthropology, 22, 6, p.688-691

196

Beard, R. 1998. "Derivation" In Andrew Spencer and Arnold Zwicky (eds.) The Hand book of Morphology. Oxford: Blackwell.

Bendor-Samuel, J. (ed.) 1989. The Niger .. Congo Languages. New York: SIL and University Press of America.

Bergvall, V.L. 1987. Focus in Kikuyu and Universal Grammar. PhD Dissertation, Havard.

Besha, R. M. 1989. A Study of Tense and Aspect in Shambala. Language and Diachronic Studies in East Africa. Berlin: Reimer. ,

Bhatt, D. N; S. 1999 The Prominence of Tense Aspect and Mood. Amsterdam: 10hnBenjamins.

Bickmore, L.S. 1998. Opacity effects of Optional domains theory: evidence from EkeGusii. In I. Maddieson & T.J. Hinnebusch (eds.). Trends in African Linguistics 2: Language History

Binnick, R. 1.1991. Time and the Verb: A Guide to Tense and Aspect. New York:

\ OUP.

Bleek, W.H.I. 1872. The Concord, the Origin of Pronouns, and the formation of closes or genders of nouns" In Journal of Anthropological Institute of

. Great Britain and Ireland, VoU, lxiv-xc

. Blench, R. 2006. New Developments in the Classification of Bantu Languages and their Historical Implications. ms.

Bokamba, E.G. 1976. Question Formation III some Bantu Languages Ph.D. Dissertation, Indiana University.

Bokamba, E.G. 1980. Verbal Agreement as a Non-cyclic Rule in Bantu. InJ. Kreiman & A.E. Ojeda (eds.) Papers from the sixteenth Regional Meting 10-29

. CLS, Chicago. .

Bokamba, G. ·D. 1971. Specificity. and Definiteness in Dzamba. ·Studies in African Linguistics 2:217-237.

Botne, R.1986. The Temporal Role of Eastern Bantu tTha and illi Studies in African .. Linguistics Supplement 9: 27;.32.

Bresnan J. and Mchombo S. 1986. "Grammatical and Anaphoric Agreement" papers from the Twenty Second Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society.

Bresnan, J. & Moshi, L 1993. "Object ASyrrimetries in Comparative Bantu Syntax" In . Sam A. Mchorribo (ed.) Theoretical Aspects of Bantu Grammar.

California: CSLI

197

Bresnan, J. & S. A. Mchombo 1987. Topic, Pronoun, and Agreement in Chichewa. In Language 63:741-782 .

. Bresnan, J. & S. A. Mchombo 1989. On the Syntax of Bantu Noun Class Prefixes. ms. Berkeley

Bresnan, J. 1982b. Control and Complementation. Linguistic Inquiry 13.

Bresnan, J. and L.P. Moshi 1990. Object Asymmetries in Comparative Bantu Syntax. Linguistic Inquiry 21: 147-186

Bresnan, J. and S.A. Mchombo 1985. Agreement and Pronominal Incorporation in Chichewa. In M. Iida, S~ Wechsler andD~ Zec (cds:), Working-Papers­in Grammatical Theory and Discourse Structure Center for the Study of language and Information, Stanford University, Stanford.

Bresnan, Joan & Sam Mchombo 1987. Topic, Pronoun and Agreement in Chichewa. Language 63741-782

Buell, L.C. 2005. Issues in Zulu Verbal Morpho-Syntax Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, UCLA.

Burton, M. and L. Kirk 1976. Semantic Reality of Bantu Noun Classes: The Kikuyu Case. Studics in African Linguistics 72.: 157-174

Bybee, J., Revere P. & William. P.1994. The Evolution of Grammar -Tense, Aspect . and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago: Chicago

University Press

Cammenga, J. 2002. Phonology and Morphology of EkeGusii A Bantu Language of Kenya. Koln: Rudiger Koppe Verlag. .

Carnic, A. 1999. Sentence Structure: A Generative Introduction Tucson: University of Arizona

Carnochan, J. 1962. The Catcgory of Number of Igbo grammar. African Language Studies 3. 110-15.

Carstens, V. 1991. The Morphology and Syntax of Determiner Phrases in Kiswahili. Unpublished PhD dissertation. UCLA.

Carstens, V. 2001. Muitiple, Agreement and Case deletion: Against~­. in. completeness. Syntax 3:147-163

Carstens, V. and Kinyalolo, K. 1989. On IP: Tense, Aspect and agreement. Ms., Cornell University and UCLA.

• Carstens, V. M . .1991. The Morphology and syntax of Determiner Phrases m Kiswahili. Unpublished Ph.D~ dissertation: UCLA

198

Carstens,' V. M. 1993. "On Nominal Morphology and DP Structure". In Sam. A. Mchombo (ed.) Theoretical Aspects of Bantu Grammar. Stanford: CSLI Publications.

Chafe, W. 1995. The Realisand Irrealis Distinction in Caddo, The Northern Iroqusin Language. In Bybee and Fleischman eds. 349-66

Chomsky, N. 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax MTI Press.

Chomsky, N.1981. Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht :Foris.

Chomsky, N. 1982. Some Concepts and Consequences of the Theory of Government , and Binding. MIT Press. Cambridge, Mass .

. Chomsky,N. 1986. Barriers, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Chomsky, N. 1994. Bare Phrase Structure MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics 5 Call1bridge ..

Chomsky, N. 1995. the Minimalist Program. MIT Press. Massachusetts.

Chomsky, N. 2001. Beyond Explanatory adequacy MIT Working papers, MIT Press, Massachusetts .

Chomsky, N. 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Massachusetts: MIT.

Cole, Desmond Thome 1959. Doke's Classification of Bantu Languages. African Studies, 18 p.197-213

. Cole, Desmond Thome 1967. The Prefix of Bantu noun class 10 African Studies, 26, 3, p.119-137.

Cole, P. & Saddock, J. M. 1977. Syntax and Semantics Grammatical Relations. New York: Academic Press.

Comrie, B 1985. Tense. Cambridge: CUP.

Comrie, B. 1975. "Polite Plurals and Predicate Agreement". Language 51.

Comrie, B. 1976. "The Syntax of Causative Constructions: Cross-linguistic Similarities and Differences" In M. Shibatani (ed.) The Syntax of Causative Construction Syntax and Semantics, vo1.6. Academic Press, New York.

Comrie, B. 1976. Aspect. An Introduction to the Study.ofVerbal Aspect and Related , Problems. Cambridge: CUP.

199

Comrie, B. 1976. The Syntax of Causative Constructions: Cross-Language Similarities and Divergences" In Shibatani, M. (ed.) Syntax and Semantics: The Grammar of Causative Constructions 6. New York: Academic Press.

Comrie, B. 1981. Language Universals and Linguistic Typology: Syntax and Morphology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Comrie, B. 1985. Tense. Cambridge: CUP

Comrie, B. 1986a. Causative Verb Formation and other Verb-deriving

Comrie, B. and Polinsky, M. (eds.) 1993. Causatives and Transitivity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Comrie, B.l976. Aspect. An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems. Cambridge: CUP. '

Cooper, R. 1976. "Lexical and Non-lexical Causatives in Bantu','. In Shibatani, M. (ed.) Syntax and Semantics The Grammar of Causative Constructions 6. New York: Academic Press. .

Cope, Anthony J. 1971. A Consolidated Classification of the Bantu Languages. African Studis, 30, 3/4, p.213-236.

Corbett, 2002. Number. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Corbett, O. ] 988. Agreement: A Partial Specification Based on Slavonic Data. In Michael Barlow and Charles Ferguson (cds.) Agreement in Natural Language Approaches, Theories and Descriptions. Stanford: CSLI

Corbett, G. 0.1991. Gender. Cambridge: CUP

Corbett, 0.0. 1979. "The Agreement Hierarchy" Journal o/Linguistics 15

Corbett, 0.0. 1983. Hierarchies, Targets and Controllers: Agreement Patterns 111

Slavic. Croom: London.

Corbett, 0.0. 1983b. "Resolution Rules: Agreement in Person, Number and Gender" In O. Oazdar, E., Klein, & K. Pulluni (eds.) Order, Concord and Constituency Linguistic Models 4. Foris: Dordrecht.

Corbett, G.G. 1988. Agreement: A Partiai Specification Based on Slavonic Data. In' Michael Barlow & Charles Ferguson (eds.) Agreement in Natural Language: Approaches,· Theories, Descriptions 23-53 CSLI, Stanford

, University. .

. Corbett, G.O. 1996. Oender. Cambridge: OUP.

200

Corbett, G.G •. 1999. The Agreement Hierarchy. Journal of Linguistics 15.203-24.

Creiden, Chet A. 1975. The Semantic System of Noun Classes. In Proto-Bantu Anthropological Linguistics, 17, p.l27-138.

Croft, W. 1990. Typology and Universals CUP, Cambridge.

Dahl,O 1985. Tense and Aspect Systems. Oxford: Blackwell.

Dalby, David 1970. Reflections on the Classification of African languages with Special reference to the work of Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle and Malcolm Guthrie. African Language Studies, 11, p.147-171. Theme Issue: 'African Language studies in honour of Malcolm Guthrie', ed. by guy Atkins.

De HaanF. 2005. "Typological Approaches to Modality". In William Frawley (ed.) . Modality. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Demuth, K. & Mmusi, S. 1997. Presentational Focus and Thematic Structure in Comparative Bantu. In Journal of African Languages and Linguistics. 18,1-19. .

Demuth, K. 1990~ Locatives, Impersonals and Expletives in Sesotho ms. Boston University.

Demuth, K. 2000. Bantu Noun class systems Loan word and Acquisition Evidence of Semantic Productivity. In Gunter Senft (ed.) Systems of Nominal Classification. Cambridge: CUP.

Demuth, K.A. 1988. Noun Classes and Agreement in Sesotho Acquisition. In Michael Barlow and' Charles Ferguson eds. Agreement in ·Natural Language:

. Approaches Theories, Descriptions 305-312. CSLI, Stanford University.

DenllY, J.P. 1986. The Semantic Role Classifiers. In Craig 1986a:297-308.

Denny, J. P. and Creider, C. A. 1986. The Semantics of Noun Classes in Proto-Bantu. In C. Craig (ed.), Noun Classes and Categorization. Amsterdam: . Benjamins.

Denny, J.P. 1976. What are Noun Classifiers Good for? In Papers from the Annual Regional Meeting of Chicago Linguistics Society 12: 122-32.

Dickey, M. W .. 2001. The Processing of Tense: The PsychoIinguistic Studies on The Interpretation of Tense and Temporal Relations. Amherst: Kluwer Academic Press ...

Dixon R.M. W. 1979. "Ergativity". Language 55-59-138

201

Dixon,R. M.W. 1979. "Ergativity". In Winfred P. Lehman, (ed.). Syntactic Typology: Studies in the Phenomenology of Language. University of Texas Press .

. Austin .

. Dixon, R.M.W. 1994. Ergativity. Cambridge

Doke, Clement Martin 1943 Outline Grammar of Bantu. Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand.

Donohue, M. (forthcoming) Semantic Ambiguity and the Spread of the Applicative.

Dryer, M. 1989. Plural Words. In Linguistics 27 865-895.

Ehret, Christopher 1968. the Westem Bantu Peoples from AD 1300 to 1800. In Zamani: A Survey of East African History, p.158-176~ Edited by Bethwell, A. B.Ogot and J.A. Kieman Nairobi: Longmans of Kenya and the East African Publishing House for the Historical Association of Kenya.

Ferguson, C. & BarlowM. 1988. (cds.) Agreement in Natural Language: Approaches, Theories Descriptions Stanford: CSLI.

Fillmore, Charles J. 1977. The Case for Case Reopened. In Peter Cole and Jerrold M. Saddock (cds.), Syntax and Semantics vol.8: Grammatical Relations 59-82. Academic Press: New York.

Fillmore, J. C. 1977. "The Case for Case Reopened" In Cole, P. and Sadock, S. M. (eds.) Syntax and Semantics Grammatical Relations. New Y ork:Academic Press.

Fivaz, Derek 1973. Bantu Classificatory Criteria: Towards a Critical Examination and . Comparison of the Language Taxonomies of Doke and Guthrie.

Communications from the Department of African Languages, 17.3 . Grahamston: Rhodes University, pp.ix-26. .

Fodor, I. 1959. The Origin of Grammatical Gender" Lingua 8.1

Frazer, J.G. 1900. "A Suggestion as to the Origin of Grammatical Gender" Forthrightly Review 73.

Fryzinger, Z. 1985. Ergativity, Number, and Agreement. Proceeding of the Eleventh Annuai Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society.

Gauton Rachelle 1999. Locative Prefix stacking as an earlier viable locativising strategy in Bantu. In New Dimensions in African Linguistics and

. Languages,p.217 ff. Edited by Paul Francois Amon Kotey. Trends in African Linguistics, v-3 Trenton NT&: Asmara: Africa World Press.

202

Gauton, Rachelle 2000. Locative classes in Bantu: The case for Recognizing two additional locative noun class prefixes. In: Proceedings of 2nd World Congress of Africa Linguistics Leipizig 1997, p.525-542 Edited Ekkehard Wolff & Orin David Gensler. Cologne: Rudger Koppe

. Verlag.

Givan, T. 1972. Studies in ChiBemba and' Bantu Grammar. Studies in African Linguistics, Supplement J.

Givan, T. 1975. Focus and the scope of Assertion: Some Bantu evidence, Studies in African Linguistics 6. 185:..205

Givan, T. 1984. Syntax: A Functional-Typological Introduction voLl John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam.

Givan:, T. 2001. Syntax Volume L John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Givon T. 1971. On the Origin of the Bantu verb suffixes. Studies in African Linguistics, 2, 2, p.145-164.

Givon, T. 1970. The Resolution of Gender conflict in Bantu Conjunction: When Syntax and Semantics Clash. Papers from the Sixth Regional Meeting of Chicago Linguistic Society 250-61. Chicago University Press, Chicago.

Givon, T. 1972. Studies in Chibemba and Bantu Grammar; In Studies in African Linguistics, Supplement 3.

Givon, T. 1976. "Some Constraints on BantuCauzativization" In Shibatani, M. (ed.) Syntax. and Semantics The Grammar of Causative Constructions 6 .

. '. New York :Academic Press.

Givon,T. 2001. Syntax Volume 1. John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Gleason, Jnr,.Henry Allan 1960. Bantu classes la and 2a Georgetown. Georgetown . University Monograph Series on Language and Linguistics, 12; p.25-.

35.

Good,G. 2005. Reconstructing morpheme order in Bantu: The case of Causativization and Applicativization.

Good, J. 2004: The Descriptive Grammar a Meta.Data base. University of Pittsburgh and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. ms~

Go()d, J.2005. Reconstructing Morpheme Order in Bantu: The Case of .... Causativization and Applicativization. Diachronica 22: 3-57

203

Good, J. 2006. Constraining Morphosyntactic Templates: A Case Study of Bantu Verbal Suffixes. Paper Presented at LSA Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, 8th January 2006.

Greenberg I.H. 1978. "How does a Language Acquire Gender Markers?" In J.H. Greenberg ed., Universals of Human Language 3 Stanford University Press: Stanford. . .

Greenberg, 1954. A Quantitative Approach to Morphological Typology of Language. In R. Spencer (ed.) Method and Perspective. in Anthropology. Minneapolis: Mhmesota Press

Greenberg, J. 1963. The Languages of AfriCa 1h00anaUriiversitiPress, Bhismington. -

Greenberg, J. H. 1949 Studies in African Linguistic Classification, part 3: the Position of Bantu. South Western Journal of Anthropology,S, 4, p.309-317

Greenberg, J. H. 1951. Vowel and Nasal Harmony in Bantu Languages. Zaire Louvain. 5, 8, p.813-820

Greenberg, J.B. 1977. Niger-Congo Noun Class Markers: Prefixes,· Suffixes, Both·or neither, Studies in Aji-ican Linguistics Supplement 7 papers· from the Eighth conference on African Linguistics.

Greenberg, J.B. 1978. "I-low does a language Acquire Gender markers?", In J.H. (ed.) Universals of Bum an Language 3 Stanfbrd University Press, Stanford.

Gregoire, H. Claire 1994. "A Diachronic Approach to classes 10 and 11 in Bantu with special reference to north-western languages". Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Berkley Linguistics Society, 20, Supplement, p.21-34. Theme issue: "Special Session in Historical issues in African Linguistics' ed. by Kevin E. Moore, David A. Peterson and Comfort Wentum.

Grimshaw, J. 1989. Argument Structure ms., Brandeis University.

Grimshaw, Jqne 1990. Argument Structure. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Gromova, N. V. 1983. On the Correlation of the Categories of class and number in some Bantu Languages. Kiswahili 501, p.29-32.

Guldeman, T. 2003. Gammaticalization In Derek Nurse & Gerald Philippson (eds.) . The Bantu Languages, p.i82-i94. Routledge Language Family Series, vA, London and New York: Routledge.

Guldemann, Tom 2003. Some Recent Developments in the Classification of Bantoid: The Problem of Defining Bantu. In L'expansion Bantse: actses du la Recherche Schentifique, Viviers 4-16 avril 1977, p.333-340~ Edited by

204

Bonquiaux. Numero special de la SELAF, n.9. Paris: Societie des Etudes Linguistiques et Anthropoloques de France SELAF.

Guthrie, M. 1948. Gender, Number and Person in Bantu Languages. Bulletin· of the School of Oriental and African Studies 12.84-756. University of London.

Guthrie, M. 1948. The Classification of Bantu Languages OUP, London.

Guthrie, M. 1967. Comparative Bantu An Introduction to the Comparative Linguistics and Pre-history of the Bantu Languages. Farnborough: Gregg

Guthrie, M. 1970, Comparative Bantu: An Introduction to the Comparative Linguistics and Prehistory of Bantu Languages. Fatnsborough: Gregg . International Publishers

Guthrie, Malcolm 1962 Bantu Origins: A tentative now hypothesis. Journal of African . Languages, 3, p.1-24

Guthrie, Malcolm 1965. Comparative Bantu: A· Preview. Journal of African Language, 4, 1, pAO-45.

Haegeman, L: 1994. Introduction to Government and Binding. Oxford Blackwell.

· Harford Peresz, C. 1985. Aspects of Complementation in Three Bantu Languages Ph.D. Dissertation University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Harford, C. 1993. "The Applicative inChishona and Lexical Mapping Theory". In Sam A. Mchombo (ed.) Theoretical Aspects of Bantu Grammar. California: CSLI

Harjulla, L. 2005~ The Ha Noun Class System Revisited. Ms

Heine, B. 1982. African Noun Class Systems. In H. Seiler and C. Lehman (eds.) . . Apprehension: Das Sprachliche Erfassen von Gegenstanden Geuter

Narr, Tubingen.

Heine, B. 1984. Grammaticalization and Reanalysis in African Languages. Hamburg: . Helmut Buske Verlag

· . . . Heine, B. 1989. Gramniaticalization and Reanalysis in African Languages. Hamburg:

Helmut Buske Verlag.

· Henderson, B. 2005. Multiple Agreement, Concord and Case Checking in Bantu: A Reply to Carstens. Ms., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Herbert, R. K. 1985. Gender Systems and Semimticity: Two case histories from Bantu. In Jacek Fisiak (ed.) Historical· Semantics, Historical Word­formation p.171-197. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter

205

Herbett, R. K. 1978. Morphological Re-arialysis in the Bantu nasal class. African Studies, 37, p.125-137.

Hetzron, R.1976. "On the Hungarian Causative Verb and its Syntax" InShibataniM. (ed.) Syntax and Semantics The Grammar of Causative Constructions 6. New York: Academic Press

Hollenbrandse, B. 2005. "Sequence of Tense: New Insights from Cross-linguistic Comparisons". In Bart Hollenbrandse, Angeliek vail Hout Co Vet.

" Cross-linguistic Views on Tense, Aspect and Modality. Amsterdam­New York: Rodopi.

Huang, J. 1995. Logical Form. In Gent Webelhuth (ed.) Government and"Biilding ll1cory and Minimalist Program Principles and Parameters in Syntactic Theory. Oxford: Blackwell. .

Hyman, L. & Katamba, F. 1993. "The augment in Luganda; Syntax or Pragmatics" In Sam Mchombo (ed.) Theoretical Aspects of Bantu Grammar. CSLI: Stanford.

Hyman, L. 1979. Aghem Grammatical Structure. SCOPL No.7 California: UCLA.

Hyman, L. M. (cd.) 1979. Aghem Grammatical Structure. Los Angeles: SCOPL

Hyman, L. M. 1999. The historical interpretation of vowel hannony in Bantu. In Bantu historical Linguistics: theoretical and empirical perspectives, P. 235-295. Edited by Jean. Marie Bombert & Larry Michael Hyman. CSLI Lecture notes, p.99 Stanford: Centre for the study of language and Information CSLr Publications.

Hyman, L. M. 2003. Segmental Phonology. In The Bantu Languages, P. 42-57. Edited by Derek Nurse and Gerald Philippson. Routledge Language family Series, VA, London & New York: Routledge.

Hyman, Larry Michacl1993. Conceptual issues in the comparative study of the Bantu verb stern. In Topics in African Linguistics, p.3-34. Edited by Salikoko S. Mufwene & Lioba Moshi, Amstendam Studies in the theory and history of Linguistic Science, series IV Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, V. 100. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Hyman, Larry Michaei 2003. Sound Change, Misanaiysis and Anaiogy in the Bantu Causative. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 24, 1,p.55-90. "

Hyman, Larry "Michael 2003. Suffix Ordering in Bantu: A morpho-centric approach. Yearbook of Morphology 2002, P.245-281. " .

Iatridou, S. 1988. Clitics; Anaphorsand a problems of Co indexation. Linguistic Inquiry·19: 698-703

206

Ibrahim, M. H. 1973. Grammatical Gender Its Origin and Development. Mouton, The Hague.

Jaeggli, O. 1986. "Passive". Linguistic Inquiry 17

Jespersen, 0 1922. Language: Its Nature, Development and Origin Macmillan, New . Delhi. .

Jespersen, 0, 1924. The Philosophy of Language Norton & Co: New York.

Johnson, M.R. 1979. The Natural History of Meinhoffs Law in Bantu. Studies in African Linguistics, to, 3, p.261-271.

Johnson, Sir .. Horry Hamilton 1903. Bantu Languages. Encyclopaedia britannica tenth' edition. .

Katamba,F. X2003. Bantu Nominal Morphology. In Derek Nurse Gerard Philippson (eds.) The Bantu Languages, p. 103-120. Routledge Language Family Series, VA, London and New York: Routledge.

Katamba, F~ X. J 993 Morphology. London: Macmillan

Keenan, Edward L. 1976. Towards a Universal Definition of "Subject". In Charles N. Li (ed.), 305-33JAcademic Press: New York.

Kidwai, A. 2005. Santali 'Backemagel' Clitics: Distributing Clitic Doubling. In . Rejendra Singh & BartacharyaTanmoy (eds.) The Yearbook of South

Asian Languages. New York: Mouton De Gruyter.

Kihm, A. 2006. Noun Class, Gender, and the Lexicon-Syntax-Morphology Interfaces: A Comparative Study of Niger-Congo and Romance Languages.Ms.

Kihm, A. 2005 What's in A Noun: Noun Classes, Gender, and Nounness. Ms.

Kihm, A. 2006. Noun Class, Gender, and the Lexicon-Syntax-Morphology Interfaces: . . A Comparative Study of Niger-Congo and Romance Languages. ms.

Kimenyi, A. 1978. A Reicitional Grammar of Kinyarwanda. University of California Publication in Linguistics vo1.91. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Kingston; J. 1983. "The Expansion of the Tense System of Gusii".In J. Kaye, H .. . Koopman D. Sportiche aIidA; Dugas (eds.) Current Approaches to

African Linguistics 2,5:31-56. . .

.... Kinyalolo, K 1991. Syntactic DependenCies arid the Spec-Head' Agreement. Hypothesis' in Kilega. PhD. Dissertation, UCLA

207

Kiss, K.E. 1998. Identification Focus Versus Information Focus. Language 74: 245-273.

Knappert, J. 1978 Classifications in Bantu Languages, Linguistics, 208, p.23-41.

Koopman H. Sportiche and A. Dugas (eds.) Current Approaches to African Linguistics 2, 5 :31-56

Koopman, H. 1984. The Syntax of Verbs Foris: Dordrecht

Koopman, H. 1992. 'On the Absence of Case-Chains in Bambara', Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 10, 555-594.

Komfilt, J. 1984. Case Marking Agreement and Empty Categories in Turkish PhD. Dissertation, Havard University.

Kratzer, A. 1996. Severing the Extemal Argument from Its Verb. 109-137. InJohann Roory.ck and Laurie Zaring (eds.) Phrase Structure and the Lexicon. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Lapointe, S.G. 1980. A Theory of Grammatical Agreement, Doctoral dissertation Amherst, University of Massachusetts.

Lapointe, S.G. 1982. A Comparison of two Recent Theories of Agreement. Papers from the Tenth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society.

Lapointe, S.G. 1988. Towards a Unified Theory of Agreement. In Michael Barlow and Charles Ferguson (cds.) Agreement in Natural Language: Approaches, themes, Descriptions 68-81 CSLI Stanford University

Larson, R. 1988. On the Double Object Construction. Linguistic Inquiry. 19.3:335-392.

Lawler, J. 1977. A agrees with B. In D. Perlmutter (ed.) Studies in Relational Grammar] . Chicago, Chicago University Press.

Lehman 1988. On the Function of Agreement. In Michael Barlow Charles Ferguson eds. Agreement in National Language Approaches, theories, Descriptions CSL!. Stanford University

Levin, B & Rappaport Hovav 1995. Unaccusativity At the Syntax-lexical Semantics Interrace. Cambridge: MIT.

Lidz, J. & Williams, A. 2005. On the Absence of Reflexive Benefactives in Kannada. New York: Mouton de Gruyter .

. Lightfoot, D. & Homstein, N. 1994. Verb Movement. Cambridge: CUP.

208

. Lindfors, A. 2003. Tense and Aspect in Swahili. Institutionen for Lingvistik HT: Uppsala UniversitetD-uppsats

Loogman,A. 1965. Swahili Grammar and Syntax. The Ad Press, New York.

Lwanga-tunyiigo, S. 1976. The Bantu Problem Reconsidered. Current Anthropology, 17, 2, p.282-286.

Maganga, C. & Schadeberg, T. 1992. Kinyamwezi: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary. East African Languages and Dialects, Vol. 1. Cologne: Riidiger,

Kopper Verlag

Maho, J .• F. 1999. A Comparative Study of Bantu noun classes. Orientation et afrikana . gothoburgensia, n.B. Goteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.

ISBN 91-7346-346-7, pp.xvi. .

. . Maho, J. F. 2002. Bantu Lineup: Comparative overview of three Bantu Classification.

Dept. of Oriental and African Languages, Goteborg University~pp.59.

Maho, J. F. 2003. A Classification of the Bantu Languages: An Update of Guthrie's Referential System. In Derek Nurse and Gerard Philippson eds. The Bantu Languages, p.639-651. Routledge Language Family Series, VA, . London and New York: Routledge.

Maho, J.F. 2003. A Tentative Model for the Diachrony of Grammatical Gender in Bantu Languages; In Actes du 3e Congres monolial delinguistique africaine Lome200. Edited by Kezie Keyenzi Lebikaza. Koln: Rudiger Koppe Verlag. ..

Maho, J. F. 2003. Remarks on a few "Polyplural" Classes in Bantu. Africa and Asia: Goteborg Papers on Asian and African Languages and Literatures, 3, p.161-184.

Maho, J. F. 2005. Proto-Bantu Verb Inflections: or What a Comparative Morphological Analysis can Tell us. Manuscript. Gotenborg, pp. 50 ..

Marantz, A. 1993. "Implications of Asymmetries in Double Object Constructions." In Sam A. Mchombo (ed.) Theoretical Aspects of Bantu Grammar. California: CSLI

Massamba, D.P.B. Y.M. Kishore & J.I. Hokororo 2000. Sarufi ya Miundoya Kiswahili Sanifu SAMIKISA.: Sekondari na Vyuo. Tuki Dar es Salaam.

Mathews, P.f:I. 1991. Morphology. Cambridge: CUP •

. McGinnis, M. (forthcoming) Object Asymmetries in a Phase Theory of Syntax.

209

Mchombo, S; 1998. "Chichewa (Bantu)". In Andrew Spencer & Arnold M. Zwicky (cds.) The Handbook of Morphology. London Blackwell

Mchombo,S.A. 1967. Bantu Grammatical Reconstructions Tervuren: Tervuren.

Mchombo, S.A. 2004. The Syntax of Chic hew a Cambridge: CUP.

McWhorter, John H. 1992. Ni and the Copula system in Swahili A Diachronic Approach Diachronica, 9, p.15-46.

Meeussen, A E. 1954. The Tones of Prefixes in Common Bantu. Africa, 24, 1 pA8-53.

Meeussen, A E. 1973. 'Comparative Bantu': test cases for method African Language Studies, 14, p.6-18.

Meeussen, A.E. 1967. Bantu Grammatical Reconstructions Africana Linguistica 3:80-121

Meeussen, A.E. 1969. Bantu Grammatical Reconstructions. African Linguistica 3: 80-121.

Meeussen, A.E. 1980. The Syntax of Head Movement. Doctoral Dissertation; University College, London.

Meinhoff, C. 1906. Grundzuge einer Vergleichen Grammatik der Bantuspracheri. Berlin

Mithun, M. 1984. "The Evolution of Noun Incorporation." Language 60: 847-894

Moore, S. 1921. Grammatical and Natural Gender in Middle English.PMLA 36~

Moravcsik, E. 1978. Agreement. In J.B .. Greenberg (cd.), Universals of Human Language 4. Stanford Universit), Press: Stanford.

Morgan, J. 1972. Verb Agreement as a Rule in English. Papers from the Eighth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society.

Moroiong, M. 1978. Tense and Aspect in Sesotho. Unpublished Dissertation, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia

Mtenje, Al 1988. "On Tone and Transfer in Chichewa Reduplication". Linguistics 26:125-155

Mufwene, S. S. 1980. Number, Countability, and Markedness in Lingala.LI-1MA -noun Clases: Linguistics 18.1019-52

Muriungi; P.· K. 2003. Wh-questipns in Kitharaka. Unpublished M.A. Thesis. The University of Witwatersrand,Johannesberg.

210

Murtonen, A. 1964. Broken Plurals: Origin and Development of the System,Bull: Leiden.

Mwachina, E.N. 1981. The Swahili Language. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Myers, S. 1987. Tone and Structure of Words in Shona. U. Mass Armherst PhD Dissertation.

Ndayiragije, J. 1999. Checking Economy~ Linguistic Inquiry 30(3),399-444.

Ngonyani, D& Githinji, P. 2006. The Asymmetric Nature of Bantu Applicative Constructions." Lingua Vol. 116, Issue 1 Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Ngonyani, D .. 2006. Resumptive Pronominal Critics in Bantu Languages'. In Selected Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on African Linguistics ed. Olaba F. AraSanyin .and Michael A. Penbertan, 51-59 Somorville, MA: Casdilla Proceedings Project;

. . '. .

Nichols, J. 1985. The Directionality of Agreement Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society.

Nurse, D & T.J. Hinnebusch 1993. Swahili and Sabaki: A ,Linguistic History University of California press, Berkeley.

Nurse, D. &Philippson, G. 2005. Common Tense Aspect Markers in Bantu. III Journal of Africa Languages and Linguistics

Nurse, D. andPhilippson, G. 2006~ The Bantu Languages. London: Routledge.

Ogechi, N. 0.2002. Trilingual Code-Switching-Evidence from EkeGusii,Kiswahili, English and Sheng. Hamburg

Ogihara, T. 1994. Adverbs of Qualification and Sequence of Tense Phenomena. In . Mandy Harvey and Lynn Santelmann (eds.) SALT 255-267. New

York: Cornell University.

Ogihara, T. 1995. 'Double Access' Sentences and Reference to States. National Language Semantics 3: 177-210

Ogihara, To' 1995. The Semantics of Tense in Embedded Clauses. Linguistic Inquiry 26:663-679.

Ouhalla, J. 1994. Introducing. Transformatiol1al Grammar From Rules to Principles . and Parameters. London: Edward Arnold.

Ouhalla, J. 1997. Syntax A Miilimalist Approach. Cambridge. CUP.

211

Palmer, F. 2003. Modality in Eriglish: Theoretical, Descriptive and Typological issues. In Facchinetti, Roberta Manfred Krug and Frank Palmer (eds.) Modality in Contemporary English. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.

Payne, T. E. 1997. Describing Morpho-Syntax- A Guide to Field Linguists. University of Oregon and SIL: CUP

Perlmutter, D. (cd.) 1983. Studies in Relational Grammar University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Pesetsky, D. 1987. "Wh-inSitu: Movement and Unselective Binding". In Eric J: Reuland and Alice G.B. ter Meulen, (eds.) The Representation of (In)definiteness, 98-129. Cambridge, MA: MIT ·Press. --_ ...

Peterson, D. 1999. Discourse - Functional, Historical,and Typological Aspects of Applicative Constructions. Berkeley: UC Berkeley PhD dissertation.

"pinker, S. 1994. The Language Instinct. MIT

Polome, E. 1967. Swahili Grammar and Syntax. Language Handbook Series Washington

Progovac, L. 1993. "Non-Augmented NPsin KiNande as Negative Polarity Items." In Sam Mchombo (cd.) Theoretical Aspect.s of Bantu Grammar. CSLI: Stanford.

Pylkkfinen, L, ] 999. Causation and External Arguments. MIT Working Paper in Linguistics 35: ]61-183. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Pylkkanen, L, 2002, Introducing Arguments. Doctoral Dissertation, MIT.

Reichenbach, H. 1947. Elements of Symbolic Logic. New York: Macmillan

Reid, W. 1991 Verb and Noun Number in English: A Functional Explanation . . London: Longman.

Reinhart, T. & Reuland; E. 1993. Reflexivity. Linguistic Inquiry 24: 657;'720

Rinder, M. 1992. Empty Categories in Kiswahili. MA Thesis, Cornell University and Linguistics Description in Aftica. Africa World Press, Inc. Trenton, NJ.

Rizzi,. L. 1986. On Chain Fonnation. In Hagh Borer (cd.), The syntax of pronominal clitics: Syntax and Semantics 19. New York: Academic Press.

Rizzy L. 1982. WH-Movement, Negation and the Prodrop Parameter. In Issues in . Italian Syntax Fors: Dordrecht.

212

Rugemalira, J. 1993. Runyambo Verb Extensions and Constraints on Predicate . Structure. Berkeley: UC Berkeley PhD Dissertation.

Ruhlen, M. 1987. A Guide to the Word's Languages VoLl Classification. London: Edward Arnold.

Sabel, J. and Zeller, J. 2006. Selected Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference on African Linguistics (ed.) John Mugane et aI., 271-283. Somerville, M.A: Casdilla Proceedings Project.

Saeed, J. I~ 1997. Semantics Blackwell Oxford.

Salting, D. forthcoming. The Bantu Verb Phrase: Implications for Data Structure and Terminology

Sat yo, S.C 1985. Topics in Xhosa Verbal Extension. Pretoria: UNISA PhD . . Dissertation.

· Schadeberg, T. 1984. A Sketch of Swahili Morphology. Foris Dordrecht. . .

Schadeberg, T. C. 2002. Progress in Bantu Lexical Reconstruction. Journal of African . Languages and Linguistics, 23, 2; p.183-196.

Schadeberg, T. C. 2006. "Derivation". In Derek Nurse and GerardPhilippson (eds.) The Bantu Languages. London: Routledge.

Schadeberg, T.C. 2001. Number of Swahili Grammar. Afrikinistiche Arbeitspapier. 68, Swahili Forum VIII: 1~16

Schwarz, F. (forthcoming) Ex Situ Focus in Kikuyu.

· Sharman, J. Compton, 1970. Internal and external inconsistencies in Malcolm Guthrie's "Comparative Bantu" 1,1. and other works: a preliminary critique of the Guthrie hypothesis for nuclear Bantu~

Shepardson, K; 1982. An Integrated analysis of Swahili Augmentative:'Diminutives. · '. . Studies in African Linguistics 13: 53-76.

"

Shibatani,M. 1992. Applicatives and Benefactives: a Cognitive account. Ms., Kobe . University~

". Smallwood, C. 1998. Agreement, EPPand Locative Inversion: Subjects in English . . and Bantu. 'Ms., University of Toronto. .

Song, 1.1. 1991. "On the Rise of Causative Affixes A Universal-Typological ·Perspective". North-Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers.

Song, J.1.1996. Causatives' and Causation A Universal-Typological Perspective . . ' London: Longman. "

213

Song, J.J. 1997. The So-called Plural Copyin Korean as a Marker to Distribution and Focus. Journal of Pragmatics 27.203-204.

Song, J.J. 2001. Linguistic Typology Morphology and Syntax. London: Longman.

Spencer, A. & Zwicky, A. M. 1989. The Handbook of Morphology. Oxford: Blackwell.

Spencer, A. 1991. Morphological S Theory An Introduction to Word Structure in Generative Grammar. Basil Blackwell

Spencer, A. and Zwicky, A. M. 1989. The Handbook of Morphology. Oxford: Blackwell.

Spencer, Andrew 1991. Morphological Theory. Oxford: Blackwell..

Sproat, R. 1985. On Deriving the Lexicon. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, MIT

Steere, E. 1961. Swahili Exercises, London: The Sheldon Press.

Stephens R. 2005. A Study of Swahili-English codes witching in England. SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics 10:333-354.

Stewat1:, John M. 2000. An Explanation of Bantu Vowel Height Hrumony in Terms of a Pre-Bantu Nasalized Vowel Lowering. Journal of AfriciJn Languages and Linguistics, 21,2, p.161-178

Stowell, T. 1993. Syntax of Tense. Unpublished manuscript: University of California .

. Stowell, T. 1995. Times, States, and Events. Unpublished manuscript:University of California.

Stowell, T. To appear What is the meaning of Present and Past Tenses? In P.M. Bertinetto and M. Sqartini (eds.). Proceedings of the Cartona Tense­Aspect Meeting. Scuola Normale Superiore, Pi sa.

Stranzny, P, 2000. "On Bantu Agreement". LSO Linguistic Students, Organization. working papers in Linguistics University of Wisconsin, Madison: 1.

. Stump, G. 1998. "Inflection". In Andrew Spencer and Arnold M. Zwicky (ed.) The Handbook of Morphology. Oxford: Blackwell

Svenonius, P. 2001. Case aIld Event Structure. University of TiOffiSO.

Taljaard, P.C. 1986. "Prefixes and suffixes in Proto-Bantu". In Zulu: Study Guide 1 for ZUL 302-U, p.76-91. Pretoria: University of South Africa UNISA.

214

Talmy, L. 1976. "Semantic Causative Types" In Shibatani, M. (ed.) Syntax and Semantics The Grammar of Causative Constructions. New York: Academic Press.

Thornell, C.2002. A Preliminary Sketch of Time, Aspect and Mood in Kikerebe. In . . Africa & Asia No2: GOtenborg University.

Toporova, I. N. 1997. Typology and Bantu Noun Classes. In RobertK. Herbert (ed.) . African Linguistics at the Crossroads: Papers from Kwaluseni, p.55-

. 62. Cologne: Rudiger Koppe Verlag.

Tucker, A. N. & Ashton, E. O. 1942. Swahili Phonetics. London: SOAS.

Tucker, A. N.& Bryan, M.A. 1962. "Noun Classification in Kalenjin: Pakot". In African language Studies III.

·Virman, K.K. 1989. Swahili: Learn and Speak in Forty Days. Delhi: Kalinga Publications

Vitale, Anthony 1981. Swahili Syntax .. Foris: Dordrecht.

Waldo B. V. 1992. Bantu languages. In William Bright (ed~) In International Encyclopaedia o/Linguistics, v.1, p.157";160., New York arid Oxford: Oxford Unviersity Press.

Wald;B.V. 1993. LongTerm Evolution of the Syntax of Discourse and the Swahili . Person Markers. InJi Van Marle (ed.) Historical Linguistics 1991,

p.325-342.Amstendam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Waldo Benj Victor. 1994: East Coast Bantu and the Evolution of Constraints on Passivization. Serache und Geschichte in Afrika, 15, p.21-315.

Watariabe, A~ 1991. Wh-in-situ, Subjacency, and Chain Formation Ms. MIT: Cambridge.

Webb, V~ and Kembo-Sure 2000. African Voices: An Introduction to the Languages .. and Linguistics of Africa OUP Cape town.

Weimers, W.1973. African Language Structures. Los Angeles: University of California.

Werner, A. 1929. Some Bantu Linguistic Problems. Journal of the African Society, 28, 110, p.155-165

Wheeler, B.I. 18·89. "Grammatical Gender". The classical Review 3. . . .' . . .

Wheeler, B.1. 1898. "The Origin of GraIilmatical Gender". In Journal of English and . Germanic Philology.

215

Whiteley, W.H. 1969. S~ahili the Rise of a National Language. Ipswich Book Co. Ltd., Suffolk.

Whiteley,W. H. & Muli, M.G. 1962. Practical Introduction to Kamba. London: CUP

Whiteley, W.H. 1960. The Tense system of Gusii East African Institute of Social Research Kampala.

Whiteley,W.H. 1965. A Practical Introduction to Gusii Nairobi: EALB

Williams, Edwin, 1989. Argument Structure and Morphology. The Linguistic Review, 1:81-114.

Wilson, P.M. 1970. Simplified Swahili EALB, Nairobi.

Winston, F.D.D. 1962. "The Nominal Class System of Kwa". In African Language Studies 111.

Woolford, E: 1993. Symmetric and Asymmetric Passives. Natural Language a~d Linguistic Theory 11, 679-728.

Woolford, E. 1997. "Four way case Systems: Ergative, Nominative, Objective, and Accusative" natural Language and Linguistics Theory 15:181-227.

Worsley, P.M. 1954. "Noun Classification in Australian and I3antu" Oceania 24.

Zagona, K. ] 990. Time as temporal Argument Structure. ms University of Washington, Scattle.

Zeller, 1. (forthcoming) On Clitic left Dislocation in Zulu.

216