Bibliography Aniol, W., 'Miedzy koncem historii a powrotem do przyszlosci. 0

nowych zagrozeniach dla bezpieczenstwa europieskiego' (Between the end of history and return to the future. New threats for European security.) Studia Po/ityczne, no.1 (1992), pp. 139-148.

Aniol, W., 'Polska wobec europejskich standardow migracyjnych' (Poland in respect of European migration standards), Migracje, no 1-211993, pp. 16-28.

Bade, K. J. (ed.), Deutsche im Ausland. Fremde in Deutschland. Migration in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Munich, 1992.

I

Bauman, Z., Socjologia (Sociology) Warsaw: Wyd. Zysk & S-ka., 1990.

Bauman, Z., Wieloznacznosc nowoczesna. Nowoczesnosc wieloznaczna (Modern ambiguity. Ambiguous modernity), Warsaw: PWN, 1995.

Blasiak, W., 'Gorny Slask. Szczegolny przypadek kulturowy' (Upper Si1esia. Special cultural case), in: B1asiak (ed.), Rozwoj regionalny. Rozwoj lokalny. Samorzad Terytorialny, Warsaw: Warsaw University, Institute of Spatial Economy, 1990.

Bokszaski, Z., '0 czynnikach ksztaltujacych obraz Polski i Polakow w swiecie' (On the factors shaping the image of Poland and Poles in the world) Kultura i Spoleczenstwo, vol. 37, no.1/1993, pp. 28-41.

Brym, R. J., 'The emigration potential of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland and Russia: recent survey result~',

Migration, no. 11/12/1991, pp. 107-118. · Cielemecki, M., 'Straznica na pograniczu' (Watchtower in the

frontier region) Przeg/ad Tygodniowy, 1 July 1990, p. 7. COE (Council of Europe). 6th Conference of European Ministers responsible for migration affairs. A review of the implementation of community relations policies, Migration Policy Group, Warsaw, 16-18 June/1996.

Cordel, K., 'Upper Silesia and the Politics of Accommodation', Regional and Federal Studies, vol. 5, no. 3/1995, pp. 307-25.

224

Bibliography 225

Dabrowski, J .. M., Handel Targowiskowy. Fenomen Polskiej Transformacji. (Bazaar Trade. A Phenomenon of Polish Transformation) Gdansk: Institute for Market Economy Studies, 1 November 1996.

Derczynski, W. and R. Traczyk, 'Stosunek Polakow do innych narodowosci' (Poles' attitudes towards other national groups), Warsaw: Serwis informacyjny CBOS, 8, 1996.

Dominiczak, H., Granice Panstwa i ich ochrona na przestrzeni dziejow. (The state frontiers and their protection in the course of history) Warsaw; Wydawnictwo Bellona, 1997

Dzienio, K. and K. Drzewieniecka, 'Przewidywane zmiany w stanie i strukturze ludnosci w wieku produkcyjnym w krajach europejskich i pozaeuropejskich w latach 1990-201 0 i ich konsekwencje dla migracji zagranicznych' (Expected changes in the state and structure of the working-age population in the European and overseas countries in the years 1990-2010, and their consequences for international migration), Studia Demograjiczne, vol. 106, no. 1/1992, pp. 42-51.

Dziennik Ustaw (Polish Journal of Laws)- various years. Giza-Po1eszczuk, A. and J. Poleszczuk, 'Postawy Polakow wobec

uchodzcow i imigrantow zarobkowych' ('Poles' attitudes towards refugees and job seeking immigrants'), Kultura i Spoleczenstwo, vol. 37, no. 1/1993, pp. 5-27.

Golinowska, S. and E. Marek, (eds), 'Studia o procesach zagranicznych' (Studies of cross-border processes), Studia i Materialy, vol.1/1994a.

Golinowska, S. and E. Marek, (eds), 'Studia o procesach zagranicznych', Studia i Materialy, vol.3/1994b.

Greiner, P. and R. Kaczmarek, 'Niemcy na Gornym Slasku w XIX i XX wieku' ('Germans in Upper Silesia in XIX and XX Centuries'), in: M.S. Szczepanski (ed.), Gorny Slask - na moscie Europy, Katowice: Osrodek Badan Spoleczno­Kulturowych Towarzystwa Zachety Kultury, 1994, pp. 45-53.

Grygierczyk, M. and R. Rauzinski, 'Wplyw migracji zagranicznej (stalej i czasowej) na lokalne rynki pracy Slaska Opolskiego' (Influence of External Migration (permanent and temporary) for Local Labour Markets in Opole Silesia), Zeszyty Naukowe WSI w Opolu, vol. 37 I 1994, pp. 5-34.

226 Bibliography

Hager, B., Probleme soziokultureller und gesellschaftlicher Integration junger Migranten dargestellt am Beispiel der oberschlesischen Obersiedler in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Dortmund: Forschungstelle Ostmitteleuropa, 1991.

Heffner, K., Oppelner Schlesien. Der Bevolkerungs- und Raumumgestaltungsverlauf des Dorjbesiedlungssystems, Opole: PIN- Silesian Institute, 1993.

Heffner, K., 'Die regionale Entwicklung des Oppelner Schlesiens', in H. van der Meulen (ed.), Anerkannt als Minderheit. Vergangenheit und Zukunft der Deutschen in Polen~ Baden­Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1994, pp. 179-200.

Heffner, K., 'The problems of Opole Silesia in the context of Upper Silesia and the country', in M. Kater (ed.) Inner Divisions. Region and Regionalism vol. 1, Lodz-Opole: University of Lodz, Silesian Institute in Opole, 1994, pp. 159-76.

Heffner, K., 'Ethnic transformation of Opole Silesia. Creation of the modern European region', in: K. Heffner and V. Klemeneie (eds), Small Regions in United Europe. Macroregional and Social Policy, Opole: Silesian Institute in Opole, 1995, pp. 65-78.

Heffner, K., 'Polacy w Niemczech - rozmieszczenie i liczebnosc' (Poles in Germany- Distribution and Population), in: M.Lis ( ed. ), Po lacy w Niemczech. Materialy z sesji naukowej zorganizowanej w Miilheim/Ruhr w dniach 20-22 wrzesnia 1995 r! Opole: The Opole branch of the 'Wspolnota Polska' Association and the Silesian Institute, 1996, pp. 45-54.

Heffner, K. and W. Drabek, 'Ethnic Specificity of Upper Silesia in the Polish and European Context', Geographica Slovenica vol. 24, no.4/1993, pp. 161-66.

Heffner, K. and W. Lesiuk, 'Ekonomiczne i spoleczne skutki podzialu Gornego Slaska w 1922 roku', (Economic and Social Results of the Partition of Upper Silesia in 1922), Studia Slaskie, vol.54, no.4/1995, pp. 43-66.

Henzler, M. 'Polak w rozjazdach' (A Pole on his travels), Polityka~ no.17, 29 April/1995.

IBnGR, Wybrane Aspekty Funcjonowania Targowiska "Jarmark Europejski" na Stadionie X-lecia. (Selected aspects of the Functioning of the Large Market "European Bazaar" in the

Bibliography 227

I Oth Anniversary Stadium), Warsaw: Gdansk Institute for Market Economy Studies, 1996.

Iglicka, K., E. Jazwinska and M. Okolski, 'Wspolczesne migracje zagraniczne ludnosci Polski; badania za pomoca podejscia etnosondazowego' (Contemporary international migration of the population of Poland; as investigated by means of the ethnosurvey approach), Studia Demograficzne, vol. 48, no. 4/1996, pp.3-21.

lglicka, K., 'Migration from the former USSR in Poland', Warszawa: Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics, (typescript), 1996.

Iglicka, K., Ruchy wedrowkowe Polakow w okresie powojennym Analiza zachowan migracyjnych na podstawie wynikow badania etnosondazowego migracji zagranicznych w latach 1975-1994, (The mobility of Poles after the Second World War. The analysis of migrational behaviour on the basis of the results of ethnosurvey of international migrations for the years 1975-1994), Warszawa: SGH Press, 1997.

Iglicka, K., 'Przyczyny migracji z Polski w latach 1945-1990' (The causes of migration from Poland in the years 1945-1990), in Z. Zamojski, (ed.), Migracje i Spoleczenstwo, vol 2, Warsaw: Instytut Historii PAN, forthcoming.

lglicka, K., 'Are they fellow-countrymen or not? The migration of Kazakhs of Polish ancestry from Kazakhstan to Poland', International Migration Review, forthcoming.

10M, Transit migration in Poland Geneva: International Organization for Migration, 1995.

IT, Polish Tourism 1995, Warsaw: Institute ofTourism, 1996. Jagielski, J., Status prawny cudzoziemca w Polsce (problematyka

administracyjno prawna) (The legal status of the foreigner in Poland [the administrative and legal problem), Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Prawnicze, 1997.

Jazwinska, E. and M. Okolski (eds), Causes and Consequences of Migration in Central and Eastern Europe. Podlasie and Slask Opalski: basic trends in 1975-1994, Warsaw: lnstitut for Social Studies, Warsaw University/Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 1996.

228 Bibliography

Jones, P. and M.Wild., 'West Germany's "third wave" of migration: the arrival of the Aussiedler', Geoforum, vol. 23, no. 1/1992, pp. 1-12.

Jozan, P., 'Contrasts in mortality trends', IUSSP General Conference: New Delhi, 1989.

Kaminski, B., The Collapse of State Socialism, Princeton NY: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Kersten, K., 'Ksztaltowanie stosunkow ludnosciowych' (The shaping of population trends), in F. Ryszka (ed.), Polska Ludowa 1944-1950, Warsaw: KiW Publishers, 1974.

Khomra, A., 'Torgova migratsiya ukrainskovo naselennyja v Polshu' (Petty-trade migration of Ukrainian population to Poland), Kiev: NISS report, (typescript), 1994.

Kloskowska, A., Kultury narodowe u korzeni (National cultures at grass roots level), Warsaw: PWN, 1996.

Kopcik, E., 'A Border in Ferment' Tygodnik Malopolski, 27 March 1997. Reprinted in English in Daily Report, 27 March 1997 FBIS-EEU-97-075.

Kopcik, E. and R. Kowel, 'Przemytnicy na smiglowcach', Polska Zbrojna, 8 November 1993.

Korprowicz, L., 'Formulowanie osobowosci w perspektywie komunikacji wewnetrzkulturowej i miedzykulturowej ', (The formulation of personality in the perspective of intercultural and transcultural communication), Kultura i Spoleczenstwo, vol. 28, no.4/1991,pp.15-22.

Korybut-Woroniecki, A., 'Nowe wyzwania dla bezpieczenstwa europejskiego. zagrozenia okresu post-zimnowojennego' (New challenges for European security. Threats for the post­cold war period), Warsaw: Ministry of Foreign Affairs report, (typescript), 1997.

Kosinski, L., 'Procesy ludnosciowe za Ziemiach Odzyskanych w latach 1945-1960' (Population processes in the Recovered Territories in the years 1945-1960), Prace Geograficzne, no. 40/1963, pp.6-12.

Kosinski, L., 'Migration of the population in east-central Europe: 1939-1955', Canadian Slavonic Papers, No. 3/1969, pp. 5-17.

Kozlowski, T. K., '0 skuteczna polityke wobec cudzoziemcow', (For an effective policy with regard to foreigners), Polityka Spoleczna, noJ/1995, pp.l6-22.

Bibliography 229

Kula, H. M., Polska Straz Graniczna w latach 1928-1939. (The Polish Border Guard in the years 1928-1939) Warsaw: Wyd. Bellona, 1994.

Kurcz, Z., Mniejszosc niemiecka w Polsce. (German Minority in Poland), Wroclaw, Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis no.1759, 1995.

Kwasniewski, K., Integracja spolecznosci regionalnej: Slask Opalski, (Integration of Regional Society: Case of Opole Silesia), Opole: Instytut Slaski, 1987.

Latuch, M., Repatriacja ludnosci Polski w latach 1955-1960 na tie ruchow wedrowkowych, (The repatriation of Poles in the years 1955-1960, and general Polish population mobility), Warsaw: SGPiS Press, 1961.

Lentowicz, Z., 'Goscina kontrolowana' (Guarded welcome), Rzeczpospolita, no 128, May/1997.

Lis, M., Ludnosc rodzima na Slasku Opolskim po II wojnie swiatowej (1945-1993) (The Polish autochthonous population of Silesia after World War II (1945-1993), Opole: PIN Instytut Slaski, 1993.

Lodzinski, S., 'Cudzoziemcy w Polsce w latach 1989-1994. Rozmiary zbiorowosci, struktura oraz problemy prawne spoleczne polityki migracyjnej w Polsce', (Foreigners in Poland in the years 1989-94. The size of community, its structure as well as legal and social problems of migration policy in Poland), Kultura i Spoleczenstwo, vo1.48, no.3/1995, pp.41-59.

Malarski, S., (ed.), Slask Opalski. Region i jego struktura, (Opole Silesia. Region and its structure), Opole 1993, pp. 116-24.

Massey, M., et a/., 'Theories of international migration: a review and appraisal', Population and Development Review, vol. 19, no.3/1993, pp.431-66.

Michalski, W., and M. Cieslak, 'Immunitet, eksterytorialnosc i azyl w systemie polskiego ustawodawstwa karnego' ('Immunity, extraterritoriality and asylum in the system of Polish penal legislation'), Panstwo i Prawo, no.5/1978, p. 42-48.

The Military Balance 1989-1990. London: Institute for Strategic ·Studies, 1989.

230 Bibliography

Misiak, W., Europa regionalna. Procesy autonomizacji i integracji, (Regional Europe. The processes of autonomization and integration), Wroclaw: wyd.UW, 1995.

Mizerski, S., 'Na wschodzie bez zmian' (No change in the east) Polityka, no 1 0 (2079), 8 March 1997.

Morokvasic, M., 'Une migration pendulaire: les Polonais en Allemagne', in Hommes et Migrations, vol.1155, June/1992.

Morokvasic, M., and A. de Tinguy, 'Between East and West: A New Migratory Space', in H. Rudolph and M. Morokvasic, (eds), Bridging States and Markets: International Migration in the early 1990s., Berlin: Sigma, 1993.

Nawrocki, T., 'Spor o regionalizm i regionalizacje na Gornym Slasku' (Dispute on Regionalism and Regionalisation in Upper Silesia), in G. Gorzelak and B. Jalowiecki (eds), C'zy Polska bedzie panstwem regionalnym?, Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, vol. 42, no.9/1993, pp. 137-179.

Nowicka, E. (ed.), Swoi i obey (Our folks and strangers), Warsaw: Wyd. Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 1990.

Okolski, M., 'Migratory movements from countries of Central and Eastern Europe', Council of Europe meeting: Strasbourg, 1990; (also published in: People on the Move. New Migratory Flows in Europe, Strasbourg: Council of Europe Press, 1992 ).

Okolski, M., 'Poland', in S. Ardittis (ed.), Politics of East-West Migration, London: Macmillan, 1993.

Okolski, M., 'Migracje zagraniczne ludnosci Polski w latach 1980-1989. Zarys problematyki badawczej' ('International migration of the population of Poland, 1980-1989. An outline of the research problematic') Studia Demograficzne, vol. 40, no. 3/1994.

Okolski, M., 'Poland', in T. Frejka (ed.), International Migration in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, New York: United Nations, 1996a.

Okolski, M., 'Trends in international migrations. Poland: the1996 SOPEMI report' Paris: Organization for Economic Co­operation and Development, 1996b.

Olson, M., 'The key to economic development'. IUSSP General Conference: Mexico City, 1985.

Osekowski, C., Spoleczenstwo Polski zachodniej i polnocnej w latach 1945-1956. Procesy integracji i dezintegracji, Zielona

Bibliography 231

Gora. (Society in Western and Northern Poland during the period 1945-1956. Integration and Disintegration Processes), Zielona Gora: KiW Press, 1994.

Piesowicz, K., 'Wielkie ruchy migracyjne w Ia tach 1945-1950. Czesc I' (The great migrations in the period 1945-1950. Part I), Studia Demograjiczne, no.4 ( 1988).

Pilch, A. (ed.), Emigracja z ziem polskich w czasach nowozytnych i najnowszych (XVII-XX w.) (Emigration from the Polish lands in the modern and contemporary periods [from the 17th to the 20th century]), Warsaw: PWN Publishers: 1984.

Piore, M., Birds of Passage: Migrant Labor in Industrial Societies. Cambridge MA: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

Poland- statistical data on migration I990-1996, Warsaw: Office for Migration and Refugee Affairs, Ministry of the Interior, 1996.

Rauzinski, R., 'Ludnosc na Slasku 1945-1990' (Population in Silesia 1945-1990), Studia i Monograjie, vol..51, no.2/1991.

Rauzinski R., M. Grygierczyk and K. Szczygielski, 'Stosunki narodowosciowe i demograficzne na Slasku Opolskim 1945-1995' (National and demographic relations in Opole Silesia 1945-1995), in E. Fratczak and Z. Strzelecki ( eds ), Demograjia i spoleczenstwo Ziem Zachodnich i Polnocnych 1945-1995. Proba bilansu, Warsaw: Polskie Towarzystwo Demograficzne, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, pp. 170-95.

Ritter, A., 'Deutsche in Polen: Minderheitenstatus und Regionalstruktur', Deutsche Studien , vol. 62, no. 116/1992, pp. 331-41.

Rocznik Statystyczny, (Statistical Yearbook), Warsaw: GUS, 1996. Roczniki Statystyczne Demograjii, (Statistical Yearbooks of

Demography), Warsaw, GUS, 1994, 1995. Ruch graniczny i wydatki cudzoziemcow a Polsce w latach 1994-

1996. (Border traffic and expenditures of foreigners in Poland, 1994-1996) Warsaw: GUS, 1997.

Salt, J., Current trends in international migration in Europe, Council ofEurope, June 1996.

Schmidt, C. and K. Zimmermann, 'Migration pressure in Germany: past and future', in K. Zimmermann ( ed. ), Migration and economic development, Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1992.

Serwis Informacyjny, (Information Bulletin), CBOS 311995.

232 Bibliography

Sharpe, R (ed.), Jane's Fighting Ships 1997-98. London: Jane's Information Group Ltd, 1997.

Slany, K., Miedzy przymusem a wyborem. Kontynentalne i zamorskie emigracje z krajow Europy Srodkowo-Wschodniej 1939-1989 ( Between pressure and choice. Inter-continental and overseas emigration from Central and Eastern Europe 1939-1989), Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press, 1995.

Slany, K., (ed.), Orientacje emigracyjne Polakow (Emigrational orientations of Poles), Krakow: K wadrat, 1997.

Stark, 0., 'On the role of urban-to-rural remittances in rural development', Journal of Development Studies, No. 1611980, pp. 21-32.

Stoia, D., 'International migrations and contemporary Poland: a semi-periphery in transition', International Political Science Journal, forthcoming.

Stpiczynski, T., Polacy w swiecie (Poles in the world), Warsaw: Central Statistical Office, 1992.

Sword, K., 'Ethnic Poles in Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania'. A Minority Rights Group international report. London: MRG, 1993. pp.19-22.

Sword, K., Deportation and exile. Poles in the Soviet Union, 1939-1948. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan, 1994.

Szonert, M., 'Migracje w Europie Srodkowej i Wschodniej' (Migrations in Central and Eastern Europe), inS. Golinowska and E. Marek ( eds ), 1994a.

Szonert, M., 'Elementy polityki azylowej panstw Europy Srodkowej i Wschodniej' (Elements of political asylum of the states of Central and Eastern Europe), in S. Golinowska and E. Marek (eds), 1994b.

Szramek, E., 'Slask jako problem socjologiczny. Pr6ba analizy' (Silesia as a sociological problem. An analysis), Roczniki Towarzystwa Przyjaciol Nauk na Slasku, no 4/1934, pp. 22-95.

Todaro, M., 'Internal Migration in Developing Countries', Geneva: International Labour Organization, 1976.

Wallace, C., 0. Chmouliar, and E. Sidorenko, 'The Eastern frontier of Western Europe: mobility in the buffer zone' New Community, vol.22, no.2 (April 1996), pp.259-86.

Bibliography 233

Wallerstein, 1., The Modern World System, Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of European World Economy in the Sixteenth Century, New York: Academic Press, 1974.

de Weydenthal, J., B., 'Immigration into Poland', RFE/RL Research Report, vo1.3, no.24, June 1994.

Wilkiewicz, Z., 'Nationale Minderheiten als Bri.icke zu einem besseren Verstandnis zwischen Deutschen und Polen sowie Deutschen und Tschechen?' Deutsche Studien, vol. 130/1994, pp. 164-88.

Wojtaszewski, A., 1995 'Migracja a internacjonalizacja polskiego rynku pracy' ('Migration and internationalization of the Polish labour market'), Polityka Spoleczna, vol. 48, no.3/l995, pp.60-68.

Zolberg, A. R., International Migrations in Political Perspective. New York: The Center for Migration Studies of New York. Inc., 1983.

Index

Aliens Bill 67; see also Aliens Law Aliens Law (1963) 67, 70-1, 73 Aliens Law (1997) 4, 67-87 asylum68 asylum-seekers 3,18, 30, 35, 45, 57-

61,64, 66, 107 Aussiedler 6, 19, 20, 35, 189-90

Balcerowicz reforms 157 Belarussian border 113 Berlin Wall 1 Border Guard 11, 26, 45, 46, 47,

54-5, 57, 71, 74, 75, 80, 82, 83, 85, 115, 122 legislative framework 93-96 mission 90-3 operations 99-101 structure 96-9

brain drain (inverse) 28, 41 British Asylum Act of 1992; 73 border zone 93

Central Public Opinion Survey Office 212, 214

circulatory migrations 124 Comecon4, 33, 151 communist regime 90 Constitutional Tribunal 81 Council for Refugee Affairs 74-5 Cramer coefficient 140 cross-border movement 115,121,

146, 166 cross-border mobility 45-9, 51

demographic compensation 177 demographic impact of emigration

186 demographic processes (Silesia)

178, 186 deportation 78 deportation centres 83, 85, 99 deportation records 26

234

dual citizenship 7, 183-84, 191, 196, 199

Dublin Convention 85

economic transition 157 ethnic adaptation 178 ethnic conflict(s) 3, 178 ethnic consciousness 180 ethnic Germans 6, 180 ethnic Jews 6 ethnic minorities 145 ethnocentrism 207 European Social Contract 78 European Union 13, 85, 98, 99,

108, 151 expenditures

of foreigners 154-6 by nationality 154-6

expulsion 79, 178 see also Vertreibung

First World War 118, 171, 178 foreign currency reserves 148 Frontier Defence Corps (prewar)

178

Geneva Convention 68-9, 73, 75 German asylum law 84 German ethnic list 174 see also

Vo/ksliste German citizenship 20, 184, 190,

193 German minority 20, 178, 182-3,

184, 199 organizations 182

German-Polish inter-governmental agreement 36

German Reich 173 Gorbachev I Greek Catholic churches 117 gypsies (Polish) 34,214,217

human rights 90, 94

illegal arms trade 91 illegal border crossing 26, 102 illegal emigration 23

Index

illegal immigration 23 immigrants

admission of 208 illegal 11, 67, 78, 99 material status of 209 Poles' attitudes towards 206-23 Poles' behaviour towards 202-19 quotas 208

indigenous Silesians 173, 176, 177, 180 national identification 179-80

industrialisation 16 inflow

offoreigners 120 of citizens ofthe former USSR 120-2 of Germans 120

informal bazaars 145 see also informal markets

informal markets 145 wholesale activities 147, 153 geographic location 148 turnover 149-50 foreigners' participation 152-154 customers 149, 156

Iron Curtain 120

job-seeking immigrants 128, 208, 212 attitudes towards 211

Labour Code 76 labour markets I, 9, 13, 29, 51, 55,

66, 75-6, 78, 186-7 Labour Office 77 Law on Employment and

Countering Unemployment 76-7 Lithuanian border 113

Lemkos Ill, 113 Main Customs Office 93 managerial migration 3, 7 Martial law Ill Mazowiecki, Tadeusz 93 migrants

categories I 08-11 illegal 45, 50, 78 transit 34

migration balance 172, 176, 177 definition 105 east-west I 05

economic 172, 191

235

forms of 106, 107-11 illegal 51, 90, 100-1 incomplete 9, 22,25-6,27, 31, 32,34 policy 10, 13, 22, 45, 51, 67, 87 statistics I 06 strategy 9 studies 107 theories 30, 37 see also theories of migration

transit 27 migratory movements

spatial dimension 107 Ministry of Defence 93, 96 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 70 Ministry of Internal Affairs 70, 73 Ministry of Public Security and

Interior 92 multi-ethnic societies 1

NATO enlargement 13 New York Protocol 68-70, 73 nuclear trafficking 10 I

Office for Migration and Refugee Affairs 70, 75, 122

Office of State Protection I 01 organized crime 90, 99 Orthodox churches 117

236

pedlars 24 see also petty traders pedlar trade 33 Pearson's linear correlation 131 pendular trade 163 see also

suitcase trade permanent migration 12, 22 see

also settlement Permanent Residence Permit 12,

45, 77, 87, 117, 161 petty trade

migrations 121 petty traders 3, 8-9, 22, 24, 29, II 5,

128-36, 145, 146-7, 151 activities 145 nationality 146

Plenipotentiary for Refugees 70 Polish eastern frontier (border)

customs clearance 123 intensity of movement 122

number of crossings 122 with Lithuania 47-8 with Belarus 47-8 with Ukraine 47, 48 with Russia 47, 48

Polish Constitution 64, 70, 81 Polish diaspora 17, 20 Polish enterprises 150

turnover ISO-I Polish ethnicity 86 Polish frontiers (borders) 66

opening of 146 Polish Institute of Tourism 49 Polish Interior Ministry 113 Polish National Bank 49, ISO

foreign currency reserves 14 7-8 Polish People's Republic 92 Polish southern border 46-7, 48 Polish western border 46-47, 48 population mobility 46-8 ports of entry 48

re-admission agreements 84-5 Red Anny garrisons 115-6 refugee-applicant 26

Index

refugee application 27 refugees 22, 35, 66, 73, 107

attitudes towards 211 refugee status 73, 77 repatriates

settlement 6 repatriation 12, 22, 66, 86-7 resettlers

from the former USSR 198 respondents (to eastern border

survey) by educational level 124-5 by occupational status 125 by nationality 127 by aim of the trip 128-30 by the strategy of mobility 131-5 by profits from trade 135-6 by intentions to settle abroad 136-7 by intentions to work abroad 137-40

Rozycki bazaar 146

Second World War 86, 118, 168, 172, 174, 177, 179

security intelligence services 101 settlement abroad (permanent

emigration) 22 settlement immigration 22 Silesian population 172

ageing 186-7 age structures 186 birth rates 186-7 demographic and social disparities 187 educational structure 187 feminisation 187

regional ethnicity 174 sex ratio 187

structure of employment 186-7 SchengenGroup 69,84 Schengen Treaty 14 shuttle migrants 8 social distance 206, 220 social reforms 16

Solidarity government 93 Soviet command centre 116 Soviet invasion 17 Soviet troops 111, 117 Soviet garrisons 116 Spataussiedler 189-90, 193, 196,

199 state policy 105 State Population Committee 211 stereotypes 207,208,217,220 suitcase trade 145, 151

temporary workers 22 terrorism 91 theories of migration

neoclassical theory 38 new economics oflabour migration 38 globalization theory 38 dual labour market theory 38

traffickers 26 trafficking drugs 91, 99 travel industry 48

Ubersiedler 189, 196 Ukrainian frontier 113 Ukrainian Nationalist Guerilla

Index 237

Forces 117 UN High Commission for Refugees

68 Upper Silesian conurbation 169 Upper Silesian Union 183

Warsaw bazaar SO-l, 115, 145-67 Warsaw stadium market 9-10 see

also Warsaw bazaar customers 156 turnover 159 employment 159-60 criminal activity 160-1 ethnic sectors 161-2 mafia 165

Warsaw Pact 4 Western Polish frontier

transactions on 146 cross-border shopping 146

World Tourist Organisation 49

Vertreibung 178 Vertriebene 189 Volksdeutsche 172 Volksliste 172

Yalta agreement 17