BI Group Commitments and Major Issues for Distributed Systems

E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 1

BI Group Commitments and Major Issues for Distributed Systems

E.B. Holzer, J.J. Gras, O.R. Jones

CERN AB/BI

Third LHC Project Workshop - Chamonix XV

January 24, 2006

Divonne-les-Bains


Outline

BI Responsibilities (J.J. Gras)

Beam Synchronous Timing (J.J. Gras)

Beam Position Monitor System (R. Jones)

Beam Loss Monitor System

Summary


BI Responsibilities


Responsibility Limits

AB/BI will provide the monitors the electronics the front end software the corresponding expert applications

to develop, test, deploy, diagnose and maintain the instruments produced by the group

AB/BI is NOT responsible for any software above the BI front end servers necessary to operate the machine, i.e. BPM, BLM Concentrators RT Feed Back Loops and Fixed Displays Middle Tier Black Boxes Operational Applications Post-mortem and Logging Applications Video and Analog Signal Transmission


People in Charge

All components of the BI mandate covered

Equipment Project Leader

Monitor Electronics FE Software Exp. Appl.

Commissioning

BOB (BST) J.J. Savioz

n.a. J.J. Savioz P. Karlsson BLM, BPM experts

BPM R. Jones C. Boccard

E. Calvo L. Jensen J. Wenninger (OP), W. Herr (ABP), Y.

Papaphilippou (ABP)

BLM B. Dehning

E.B. Holzer

C. Zamantzas, E. Effinger, J. Emery

S. Jackson R. Assmann (ABP), H. Burkhardt (ABP),

J.B. Jeanneret (ABP), S. Gilardoni

(ABP)


Beam Synchronous Timing – BOBM and BOBR


Commitments

The BST (BOB) system based on TTC technology will provide to the LHC beam instrumentation 40 MHz bunch synchronous clock 11 kHz LHC revolution frequency

In addition, it will allow the encoding of beam synchronous messages for LHC instrumentation triggering and for broadcasting of machine status (mode, intensity, energy, turn

number…) can be updated on every LHC turn

BST system expected to be available at start-up (as soon as the RF signal is received)


Clients

The BPM rely on BST for orbit, trajectories, multi-turn acquisitions and post-mortem triggering

BLM will rely on BST only for the post-mortem and logging trigger

BST will be used by other instruments to synchronise themselves (BTVM, BWS, BSRT…) or with each others

The machine status has proven to be of interest to the LHC experiments, which will receive this information using their standard TTC receivers and decoders [see EDMS 638899]


Testing Plans

BST system is a collaboration between AB/CO (Master HW and Firmware) and AB/BI (Master Server/RT and Receiver HW/FM/SW)

Three systems are foreseen (SPS, LHC B1 and B2)

The recent v2 functionality covers the need (currently being tested)

BOB system will be commissioned on SPS in 2006 and assessed during the LHC sector test (with the SPS BOB Master)


Beam Position Monitors - BPM

Status Performance Commissioning Cuts proposed for Stage I


Status of BPM Electronic Components

Wide Band Time Normaliser (analogue front-end) Successfully tested in TI8 and SPS Series Production (4500 units) launched by the end of January 2006

Digital Acquisition Board (DAB64x - TRIUMF) Series production (1800 units) started. BI standard for BPM, BLM, Fast

BCT and Q measurement acquisition

Network Infrastructure in place Fibre-optic, coaxial cable

and WorldFIP control links

The BPM acquisition hardware is expected to be fully functional for LHC start-up


BPM Performance

Resolution (rms)

Pilot bunchTrajectory (single shot) 200 μm

Orbit (224 turn average) 20 μm

Nominal intensity bunch

Trajectory (single shot, single bunch) 50 μm

Trajectory (average of all bunches 5 μm

Orbit (average of all bunches over 224 turns) 5 μm

-5%

-4%

-3%

-2%

-1%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

1E+08 1E+09 1E+10 1E+11 1E+12

Number of Charges per Bunch

Per

cent

age

Err

or w

.r.t

. H

alf

Rad

ius

[%]

Linearity - High SensitivityLinearity - Low SensitivityNoise - High SensitivityNoise - Low sensitivity

Pilot Nominal Ultimate

For LHC Arc BPMs 1% ~ 130m

NominalPb ion

-5%

-4%

-3%

-2%

-1%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

1E+08 1E+09 1E+10 1E+11 1E+12

Number of Charges per Bunch

Per

cent

age

Err

or w

.r.t

. H

alf

Rad

ius

[%]

Linearity - High SensitivityLinearity - Low SensitivityNoise - High SensitivityNoise - Low sensitivity

Pilot Nominal Ultimate

For LHC Arc BPMs 1% ~ 130m

NominalPb ion

Nominal resolution (5 μm) for single bunch: intensity

> 2-3·1010 charges per bunch global orbit: 43 pilot bunches

Linearity versus IntensityBPM operating threshold ~1·109 charges/bunch corresponds to 17% nominal ion bunch intensity


Commissioning with the BPM System I

Before Beam Test of the system in the SPS and TI8

Gives confidence in performance Allows software development and debugging

Full calibration of the LHC acquisition chain part of BPM hardware commissioning

First Turn Asynchronous Mode

Auto-triggered - no dependence on external timing

Intensity Measurement – aim to have this operational BUT currently concentrating on the position system implies considerable amount of additional software as intensity measurement

uses acquisition system of other ring lack of intensity card DOES NOT affect position measurement


Commissioning with the BPM System II

First few to 1000 Turns Timing-in of BST system

Allows bunch/turn tagging Can be done in parallel to asynchronous acquisition

Circulating Beam at 450 GeV Global Orbit Mode

Available once BST is timed-in Allows post-mortem to be used Real-time orbit data available

Capture Mode Triggered on request Allows bunch to bunch and turn-by-turn data Can generate a large amount of data

will require concentrators and powerful analysis software to be in place


Commissioning with the BPM System

Snapback, Ramp and Squeeze Real-time global orbit data available for feedback

Requires concentrator, feedback algorithms and real-time correction to be available to implement the feedback.


Cuts proposed for Stage I on Multi Turn Acqu. System

Multi turn acquisition up to 100’000 turns on one user selected bunch

or the beam average

Always on consecutive turns

Always on all BPMs at the same time


Beam Loss Monitors - BLM

Status System Tests Updating the Threshold Tables Synchronization BLM for Ions


Status I

Network infrastructure: done Detectors: almost all components received

Ionization chambers (3800): Production at CERN started (40), Production in Prodvino will start in February. Production rate 20/day, total production time: 1 year

Secondary emission monitors, SEM (320): Prototyping phase, working design. Production foreseen to start Q1 2007, and take 2 months Expected to be ready for LHC commissioning (not for sector test)


Status II

Electronics Crates (456 in the tunnel and 105 on the surface) and power supplies:

installation started Acquisition in the tunnel: pre-series production started (50 out of 750

cards) Acquisition on the surface: series production started for DAB card, pre-

series production started for mezzanine card (30 out of 400 cards) Interlock and testing (“combiner card”, 25 cards): under design

To be done – all expected to be ready for LHC commissioning Addition to DAB card program

Post-mortem Final communication tests with threshold tables

Combiner card CFC program: implementation of additional high voltage tests


System ready for LHC and fulfill the Specifications?

Hardware expected to be ready for LHC start-up Plan B: possible to install smaller number of detectors - unlikely

Threshold tables (calibration of BLM) based on simulations. Plan B: ask for beam tests in the LHC to calibrate the BLM system

Analysis effort of BLM logging and post-mortem data (sector test and LHC beam data, “parasitic” and dedicated tests) to be started in 2006! Calibration of threshold tables Interpretation of BLM signal patterns Large amount of data to be analyzed

Extensive software tools for data analysis essential to fulfill the specifications! Start now to specify and implement!

Logging and post-mortem need to work for Sector Test!


BLMS Testing Procedures PhD thesis G. Guaglio

Radioactive source test (before start-up)

Functional tests

Barcode check

HV modulation test (implemented)

Double optical line comparison (implemented)

10 pA test (implemented)

Thresholds and channel assignment SW checks (implemented)

Beam inhibit lines tests (under discussion)

DetectorTunnel

electronicsSurface

electronicsCombiner

Inspection frequency:

Reception Installation and yearly maintenance Before (each) fill Parallel with beam

Current source test (last installation step)

Threshold table beam inhibit test (under discussion)


Updating the Threshold Tables

How to change threshold tables technically Possibility to write them via VME interface: will be used in the lab and

disabled by a hardware switch when installed in the tunnel During commissioning and during operation the threshold tables can only

be changed locally via a dedicated interface

How to change them conceptually Empirically define procedure After analysis of loss data possibility to change the energy and loss

duration dependence

Define needs and production of software tools Generation of threshold tables “Management of Critical Settings” (MCS)

Managing and Archiving of threshold tables Group monitors according to magnet types for faster changing of threshold

tables


Synchronization

For reliability reasons the BLM system does not use external timing (other than for post-mortem and logging triggering)

Synchronization of timing windows between different BLM DAB cards?

e.g.: update interval of 5.5 s time window is 82 ms:

Moving Average

Refreshing Rate

40 μs 40 μs

80 μs 40 μs

0.3 ms 40 μs

0.6 ms 40 μs

2.6 ms 80 μs

10 ms 80 μs

82 ms 2.6 ms

0.3 s 2.6 ms

1.3 s 82 ms

5.5 s 82 ms

21 s 1.3 s

84 s 1.3 s

5.5 s max. 82 ms time jitter

BLM DAB 1BLM DAB 2

Logging Readout Frequency 1 Hz

1 s

BLM DAB 1BLM DAB 2

time


BLM for Ions I

Considerably less simulations available than for protons at the moment much higher uncertainty for the BLM system

Simulations of ion loss maps done (H. Braun) additional monitors; Error studies still to be done (AB/ABP)

300 350 400 450 500 5500

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

distance from IP3 (m)

Pa

rtic

le lo

ss

ra

te (

10

00

m-1 s

-1 )

Beam 2 Particle losses in IR3 dispersion suppressor, =60min

Pb207

Pb206

Pb205

Pb204

Pb203

Tl204

Tl203

Tl199

others

AT

LA

S

LH

Cb

IR7

IR6

(d

um

p)

CM

S

IR4

(R

F)

IR3

AL

ICE

AT

LA

S

MQ

TL

I.8

L3

.B2

MQ

.8L

3.B

2

MB

.A9

L3

.B2

MB

.B9

L3

.B2

MQ

TL

I.A

9L

3.B

2M

QT

LI.

B9

L3

.B2

MQ

.9L

3.B

2

MB

.A1

0L

3.B

2

MB

.B1

0L

3.B

2

MQ

TL

I.1

0L

3.B

2M

Q.1

0L

3.B

2

MB

.A1

1L

3.B

2

MB

.B1

1L

3.B

2

MQ

TL

I.1

1L

3.B

2M

Q.1

1L

3.B

2

MB

.A1

2L

3.B

2

MB

.B1

2L

3.B

2

MB

.C1

2L

3.B

2

MQ

.12

L3

.B2

MQ

T.1

2L

3.B

2

MB

.A1

3L

3.B

2

MB

.B1

3L

3.B

2

MB

.C1

3L

3.B

2

MQ

.13

L3

.B2

MQ

T.1

3L

3.B

2

H. Braun


BLM for Ions II

BFPP simulations for ALICE: loss positions (J. Jowett) and showers through dipole magnet (R. Bruce) additional monitors Main dipoles: ratio of energy deposited

in magnet versus energy deposited in the BLM detector is roughly the same as for protons Ratio of quench (damage) level to BLM

signal about the same as for protons Similar threshold tables for protons and ions

standard BLMs (local aperture limitations) at right position

Future simulations (other EM processes) might lead to more requests for BLMs Energy position in the hottest part of the

coil and at the BLM location (FLUKA, LHC Project Note 379, R. Bruce et al.)


Summary

The BST, BPM (possibly excluding intensity measurement) and BLM hardware systems are expected to be fully operational for LHC start-up.

BPM various modes of acquisition should allow the necessary data to be available when required.

BLM calibration requires logging and post-mortem plus MCS - starting from the Sector Test.


Some additional slides


Functional Tests

Radiation tests of tunnel electronics (PSI) Temperature test (tunnel electronics) Detector test in booster, T2, H6, PSI: uncertainty (up to a factor of 2)

to be corrected for with the results of M. Stockner’s thesis. Long term test of whole acquisition system: booster and DESY Test of quench levels (threshold calibration): Laboratory, HERA,

sector test, simulations


Quench protection system (damage protection)

BLM system damage protection, no redundancy

Required Accuracy for Damage Protection

Arc Dipole Magnet

Relative loss levels for fast losses

450 GeV

7 TeV

Damage level

103 3 103

Quench level

3 3

Dump threshold

1 1

Accurately known quench levels will increase operational efficiency

Absolute precision (calibration)

< factor 2 initially: < factor 5

Relative precision for quench prevention

< 25%

Fast current transformer (DIDT) will protect against fast (1 turn) losses only from phase 2 of the LHC (absolute calibration by software during phase 1 too slow – phase two: hardware implemented)


Shower development in the Cryostat

Impact position varied along the MQHighest signal from loss at the beginning of the MQPosition of detectors optimized

to catch losses: Transition between

MB – MQ Middle of MQ Transition between

MQ – MB to minimize uncertainty of

ratio of energy deposition in coil and detector

Beam I – II discrimination

Beam

L. Ponce

Documents

BI Group Commitments and Major Issues for Distributed Systems