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Lg{j`h BK^ i`h It{owa=

I Ojje ix xbg Skhg| @gght iaj`c xbg]kalilsgi` Djaaw`kx{ k` Oj`hj`

"N|ja i sjag`t vg|tvgdxk~g+

l{ Tko~i Bj~g

Idd|ghkxgh Djaaw`kx{Gavjsg|ag`x Djw|tg=

Hg~gojvag`x i`h V|gtg`xixkj` jn \gtgi|db Tekoot

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9

Ide`jsoghcgag`xt

Xbkt sj|e sjwoh `jx bi~g lgg` vjttklog skxbjwx xbg In|kdi Ghwdixkj`io X|wtx i`h

G~go{` Johnkgoh W`kx sbjtg ~ktkj` xj tgg djaaw`kxkgt k` Oj`hj` gavjsg|gh i`h gnnj|xt

xj aieg xbkt i |giokx{ bit x|wo{ lgg` k`tvk|ixkj`io. K ia gtvgdkioo{ k`hglxgh xj Ti|ib

Ag`}kgt xbg Hg~gojvag`x sj|eg| ix G~go{` W`kx sbjtg vittkj` i`h g`xbwtkita

tbjsgh xb|jwcb ioo bg| x|ik`k`c tgttkj`t/ Ai{ Jaj`i xbg V|jc|iaag Ai`icg| ix xbg

Ghwdixkj`io X|wtx sbj nidkokxixgh xbg txwh{ i`h sbjtg twvvj|x sit ~g|{ bgovnwo i`h xj

Ljoi i`h ioo xbg k`xg|`t sbj ittktxgh wt hw|k`c xbg djw|tg i`h xbg cwgtx tvgieg|t sbj

ihhgh ~i|kgx{ i`h awdb ogi|`k`c! xbi`e {jw.

K ia c|ixgnwo xj a{ ag`xj| H| Iokdki Ng`xkai` sbjtg vg|tj`io twvvj|x i`h v|jngttkj`iocwkhi`dg bi~g lgg` c|gix h|k~k`c nj|dgt k` cgxxk`c xbkt sj|e djavogxgh. K ia iotj

xbi`enwo xj ioo xbjtg K bih xbg vogitw|g jn sj|ek`c skxb/ a{ doittaixgt/ xbg sjag` sbj

vi|xkdkvixgh k` a{ |gtgi|db i`h xbg ]kalilsg Sjag`t @gxsj|e nj| v|j~khk`c xbg

voixnj|a xbix g`ilogh xbg |gtgi|db.

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4

Grgdwxk~g Twaai|{

Xbg c|gix grjhwt jn ]kalilsgi`t xj xbg WE lgxsgg`

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8

Tgdxkj`= 9

"k+ K`x|jhwdxkj`

Xbg gag|cg`dg jn i vjokxkdio i`h nk`i`dkio d|ktkt k` ]kalilsg k` 866 xj it ai`{ it 9.9akookj` "Nk`i`dkio Ci}gxxg dkxgh k` \i`cg|

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7

k`xgc|ixk`c k` xbgk| `gs g`~k|j`ag`x i`h ilog xj iddgtt xbg `gdgtti|{ twvvj|x i`h

tg|~kdgt k` j|hg| xj ihmwtx xj xbg hgai`ht i`h dbioog`cgt jn i `gs g`~k|j`ag`x skxbjwx

l|giek`c j| ojtk`c xbg tg`tg jn khg`xkx{ ! xbg nil|kd xbix bit aihg wt xbg ek`h jn vgjvog

sg i|g. Kx kt a{ jvk`kj` xbix i vgjvog gavjsg|gh i|g i vgjvog g`ilogh xj dj`x|klwxg

`jx j`o{ xj xbgk| js` hg~gojvag`x i`h xbgk| niakokgt lwx iotj xj tjdkgx{ it i sbjog nj|

xbg lg`gnkx jn tjdkgx{.

"kk+ Xbg vw|vjtg jn |gtgi|db

Xbg vw|vjtg jn xbkt |gtgi|db kt xj bkcbokcbx xbg ai`{ jxbg| `gght xbix grktx skxbk` xbg

]kalilsgi` djaaw`kx{. I`gdhjxio g~khg`dg twccgtxt xbix xbg `gght jn ]kalilsgi`tk` xbg WE i|g vjj|o{ agx. G~khg`dg n|ja ]kalilsgi` twvvj|x j|ci`k}ixkj`t twccgtxt

xbix vgjvog k` xbg ]kalilsgi` djaaw`kx{ bi~g aj|g djaaj`voidg v|jlogat okeg

niako{ l|giehjs`t/ nikow|g xj ihivx xj i `gs dwoxw|g/ iodjbjokta i`h jxbg| aw`hi`g

bgioxb kttwgt twdb it b{vg|xg`tkj`. Xbgtg bi~g jnxg` lgg` kc`j|gh it vgjvog njdwt j`

sj|ek`c xj twvvj|x xbgatgo~gt bg|g k` xbg WE i`h niakokgt lide k` ]kalilsg.

Bkcbokcbxk`c xbgtg kttwgt skoo bjvgnwoo{ l|k`c c|gixg| w`hg|txi`hk`c jn xbg tvgdknkdt jn

xbg v|jlogat/ bkcbokcbx civt k` ojdio tg|~kdgt i`h tg|~kdgt v|j~khgh l{ djaaw`kx{

c|jwvt i`h |gdjaag`h tjag gnngdxk~g/ k``j~ixk~g i`h djav|gbg`tk~g tjowxkj`t wtk`c

hknng|g`x tx|ixgckgt k`dowhk`c aj|g djaaw`kx{!litgh v|jc|iat/ sbkdb ai{ bgov xj

lwkoh i nwoo{ nw`dxkj`io i`h xb|k~k`c ]kalilsgi` djaaw`kx{.

Xbkt |gtgi|db kt litgh j` ]kalilsgi` sjag`t vg|tvgdxk~gt it xbg{ i|g jnxg`

hktv|jvj|xkj`ixgo{ inngdxgh l{ xbg aimj|kx{ jn xbgtg kttwgt xbi` xbgk| aiog djw`xg|vi|xt.

Kx kt iotj litgh j` xbg w`hg|txi`hk`c xbix ai`{ aj|g sjag` akc|ixgh xj xbg WE ix xbg

txi|x jn xbg vjokxkdio i`h nk`i`dkio xw|ajko k` ]kalilsg xbi` hkh ag`. Alkali "

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>

"kkk+ Okxg|ixw|g |g~kgs

Xbg|g kt i nik| iajw`x jn okxg|ixw|g xbix bit lgg` s|kxxg` i`io{tk`c xbg hknng|g`x si~gt

jn akc|ixkj` jn xbg ]kalilsgi`t xj xbg WE " Vitw|i /

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3

xbix tx|wccogt okeg i`{ jxbg| gag|ck`c djaaw`kx{ hgtvkxg xbg bkcb ghwdixkj`/ oide jn

oi`cwicg li||kg|t i`h xbg |gtjw|dgnwo`gtt jn xbg ]kalilsgi` vgjvog. K sjwoh g~g` cj

it ni| it twccgtx xbix k` tjag si{ xbg ~kgs l{ ai`{ skxbk` xbg ]kalilsgi` djaaw`kx{

xbix xbgk| txi{ k` G`coi`h kt j`o{ xgavj|i|{ ai{ lg i dj`x|klwxj| xj tjag jn xbg

v|jlogat grvg|kg`dgh l{ xbg djaaw`kx{.

"k~+ Agxbjhjojc{

Xbg |gtgi|db sit di||kgh jwx lgxsgg` Ngl|wi|{ i`h Ai{

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2

io|gih{ ide`jsoghck`c xbix xbg|g i|g `gght skxbk` xbg djaaw`kx{ i`h `gght sbkdb

aik` tx|gia tg|~kdgt ai{ bi~g nikogh xj aggx.

Xbg tw|~g{ hixi sit djoogdxgh wtk`c `j`!v|jlilkokx{ tiavok`c xgdb`kywgt jn t`jsliootiavok`c xb|jwcb sj|h jn ajwxb i`h |gng||io hwg xj xbg iltg`dg jn i tiavok`c n|iag jn

]kalilsgi` sjag` k` Oj`hj` j| xbg WE. T`jslioo tiavok`c kt i xgdb`kywg jn ojdixk`c

|gtvj`hg`xt xb|jwcb |gng||iot iaj`c vgjvog sbj tbi|g xbg tiag dbi|idxg|ktxkdt i`h kt

gtvgdkioo{ wtgnwo sbg` xbg vjvwoixkj` kt `jx git{ xj |gidb "Ixek`tj` i`h Nok`x

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;

Tgdxkj`

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96

Xbg aimj|kx{ jn xbg sjag` "29'+ bi~g lgg` k` xbg WE nj| aj|g xbi` 96 {gi|t skxb j`o{

4' sbj bih lgg` k` Oj`hj` nj| ogtt xbi` 3 {gi|t it tbjs` k` nkcw|g < lgojs.

Ioo jn xbg |gtvj`hg`xt sg|g ghwdixgh xj ix ogitx tgdj`hi|{ tdbjjo og~go skxb i

tkc`knkdi`x `walg| bi~k`c i hkvojai i`h aimj|kx{ "j~g| 76'+ bi~k`c ixxik`gh ix ogitx i

hgc|gg j| v|jngttkj`io ywioknkdixkj` it Xilog < koowtx|ixgt.

Xilog

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99

Tkc`knkdi`xo{/ xbg aimj|kx{ jn xbg |gtvj`hg`xt bgoh hgc|ggt i`h xbg aimj|kx{ bih sj|egh

k` di|g j| tjag ojs tekoogh sj|e ix tjag vjk`x k` xbgk| okng k` xbg WE. Xbkt dj`nk|at

Alkli "

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9

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98

Khg`xknkgh kttwgt

Nkcw|g 7

-Jxbg| |gitj`t k`dowhgh=

Xbg nk`i`dkio tx|ik` jn bi~k`c xj tg`h aj`g{ bjag i`h twvvj|xk`c a{tgon i`ha{ tj` bg|g"9+

Vj~g|x{ Oide jn ajxk~ixkj`/ Ojtt jn tgon!gtxgga/ Nggok`ct jn w`hg|idbkg~gag`x/Ojtt jn ~iowilog xkag "9+ @jx djvk`c sgoo skxb koo`gtt i`h `jx bi~k`c niako{ twvvj|x "9+ W`|gtjo~gh Kaakc|ixkj` kttwgt . ogcio nggt vikh nj| l{ k`hk~khwio! `j ogcio ikh

"

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97

W`grvgdxgho{! it tbjs` k` Nkcw|g 7! oj`gok`gtt sit vjk`xgh jwx it xbg lkccgtx kttwg

skxb j~g| >6' dkxk`c xbkt it i v|jloga/ njoojsgh l{ BK^ grvg|kg`dgh l{ j~g| 7

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9>

Aimj| dj`dg|`t skxbk` xbg djaaw`kx{

Nkcw|g >

-Jxbg| dj`dg|`t k`dowhgh=

Tx|gtt n|ja j~g|sj|ek`c xj twvvj|x vgjvog lide bjag i`h bg|g Kaakc|ixkj` txixwt " r4+ vi{k`c ogcio nggt nj| kaakc|ixkj` kttwgt i`h xbg tx|gtt jn nk`hk`c xbg aj`g{ i`h i

cjjh tjokdkxj| lgdiwtg jn xbg bkcb nggt xbix bi~g xj lg vikh

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93

Xbg cj~g|`ag`x td|ivk`c tvgdkioktx tg|~kdgt gtvgdkioo{ k` xbg i|gi jn bgioxb! CVthj`x tgga xj w`hg|txi`h kttwgt iljwx BK^

;. Nkcw|g 3 tbjst xbg |ixk`c jn xbg gnngdxk~g`gtt jn |gog~i`x k`xg|~g`xkj`t. Twvvj|x

v|jc|iat grdowtk~g xj ]kalilsgi`t |w` l{ i ]kalilsgi` j|ci`ktixkj` sit ic|ggh l{

ajtx sjag` "86'+ xj lg i` grdgoog`x si{ jn x|{k`c xj |gtjo~g tjag jn xbg kttwgt

khg`xknkgh. 42' ngox xbix bi~k`c isi|g`gtt v|jc|iat |w` nj| xbg djaaw`kx{ sjwoh lg

i`jxbg| grdgoog`x khgi gtvgdkioo{ k` xbg i|git jn ai||kicg i`h |iktk`c jn dbkoh|g`. [gx

jxbg|t "

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92

Twccgtxgh k`xg|~g`xkj`t

Nkcw|g 3

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9;

96 I |i`cg jn jxbg| twvvj|x k`xg|~g`xkj`t xj bgov xbg djaaw`kx{ sg|g ag`xkj`gh ix

ljxb xbg k`hk~khwio i`h djaaw`kx{ og~go it tbjs` k` Xilog 8 lgojs

Xilog 8

Ix k`hk~khwio og~go Djaaw`kx{ j|ci`ktixkj`t

Ioo ngoojs ]kalilsgi`t `ggh xj lg w`kxgh

i`h lg ilog xj twvvj|x j`g i`jxbg|/ i`h

txjv nkcbxk`c j`g i`jxbg| "

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Ivvg`hkdgt

Ywgtxkj``ik|g

9. K` sbix i|gi jn Oj`hj` hj {jw ok~g:

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. Bjs tgxxogh hj {jw nggo bg|g "vogitg xkde it ai`{ it ivvo{+ j| bjs sjwoh {jw

|ixg {jw| tg`tg jn lgoj`ck`c k` {jw| dw||g`x `gkcbljw|bjjh:

K ia i vi|x jn a{ djaaw`kx{ K bi|ho{ `jxkdg xbg hknng|g`dg

G`coi`h bit lgg` okeg bjag xj ag

K bi~g iddgtt xj ioo |gog~i`x tg|~kdgt okeg i`{j`g gotg

K bi~g grvg|kg`dgh grdowtkj` i`h |idkta

K hj`x nggo xbix K bi~g i ti{ k` i`{xbk`c

K bi~g grvg|kg`dgh hknnkdwoxkgt iddgttk`c tg|~kdgt

Vogitg `iag xbga

3. N|ja xbg oktx lgojs vogitg k`hkdixg sbkdb "kn i`{+ bi~g inngdxgh {jw j| i`jxbg|

]kalilsgi` dojtg xj {jw: Vogitg xkde

N|ja xbg oktx lgojs vogitg k`hkdixg sbkdb " kn i`{ + bi~g inngdxgh {jw j| i`jxbg| ]kalilsgi`

dojtg xj {jw: Vogitg xkde BK^

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46

;. Bjs sjwoh {jw |ixg xbg gnngdxk~g`gtt jn xbg njoojsk`c k`xg|~g`xkj`t:

"\ixk`c= Grdgoog`x ! !Cjjh!! @jx bgovnwo! !K hj`x e`js+

Grdgoog`xCjjh@jx bgovnwoK hj`xe`js

j Djw`tgook`c n|ja `iagh/

x|wtxgh johg| agalg|t jn xbg

djaaw`kx{ tgx wv xb|jwcb i

|gvwxilog j|ci`ktixkj` sbj i|g

ilog xj aj`kxj| xbg v|jdgtt

j \gng||io xj aik`tx|gia

djw`tgook`c tg|~kdg

j \gng||io xj aik`tx|gia

|gog~i`x twvvj|x

j Isi|g`gtt v|jc|iat |w`

tvgdknkdioo{ nj| xbg ]kalilsgi`

djaaw`kx{

j Voixnj|a sbg|g xbg djaaw`kx{

di` djag xjcgxbg| i`h hktdwtt

kttwgt nidk`c xbg djaaw`kx{

i`h twccgtx tjowxkj`t

j Twvvj|x v|jc|iat grdowtk~g

xj xbg ]kalilsgi` djaaw`kx{

l{ i ]kalilsgi` j|ci`ktixkj`

j Tvgdkioktx grdowtk~g i`h

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49

Grdgoog`xCjjh@jx bgovnwoK hj`xe`js

xi|cgxgh twvvj|x l|jeg|gh

xb|jwcb aik`tx|gia tg|~kdgt

twdb it "\goixg j` Niako{ kttwgt+:

Jxbg| "vogitg tvgdkn{ lgojs+

Jxbg|

96. Sbix gotg sjwoh {jw twccgtx it i si{ xj bgov lwkoh jw| djaaw`kx{:

Hj`g

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In|kdi Ghwdixkj`io X|wtx i`h G~go{` Johnkgoh W`kx/