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Best laid plans: a case study of an evolving natural experimental study in physical activity and the environment
David Ogilvie1,2
Jenna Panter1,2
David Humphreys2
Andy Jones2,3
Roger Mackett4
Simon Griffin1,2
1 MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge2 UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR)
3 School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia4 Centre for Transport Studies, University of London
Joint CEDAR-ISAG scientific meeting, 24 January 2012
• Scientific uncertainty regarding effects
• Not feasible to do a true experiment
• Possible to obtain relevant data
• Potential for replication, scalability or generalisability
— MRC guidance (2011)
When should we do them?
• Scientific uncertainty regarding effects
• Not feasible to do a true experiment
• Possible to obtain relevant data
• Potential for replication, scalability or generalisability
When should we do them?
• Scientific uncertainty regarding effects
• Not feasible to do a true experiment
• Possible to obtain relevant data
• Potential for replication, scalability or generalisability
• Scientific uncertainty regarding effects
• Not feasible to do a true experiment
• Possible to obtain relevant data
• Potential for replication, scalability or generalisability
• Scientific uncertainty regarding effects
• Not feasible to do a true experiment
• Possible to obtain relevant data
• Potential for replication, scalability or generalisability
BUSWAY
MacDonald et al., Am J Prev Med (2010)
BUSWAY
• Scientific uncertainty regarding effects
• Not feasible to do a true experiment
• Possible to obtain relevant data
• Potential for replication, scalability or generalisability
“I hurt myself quite badly and now my wife won’t let me cycle in
town, she says it’s too dangerous”
[Cycling] is probably the most dangerous thing I do but well I read the statistics and it’s more dangerous not to cycle from the
health point of view!
Ogilvie et al. Commuting and health in Cambridge: a study of a ‘natural experiment’ in the provision of new transport infrastructure. BMC Public Health 2010
Panter et al. Correlates of time spent walking and cycling to and from work. IJBNPA 2011
Guell et al. Towards a differentiated understanding of travel behaviour: using social theory to explore everyday commuting. Submitted to Soc Sci Med
Papers in progress
Goodman et al. Healthy travel in a car-oriented environment: the socio-economic structure of car commuting in Cambridge. Submitted to Soc Sci Med
Yang et al. Associations between active commuting and physical activity in working adults. Submitted to Prev Med
Guell et al. Walking and cycling to work despite reporting an unsupportive environment: a mixed-method exploration of potential mechanisms. Submitted to IJBNPA
Papers in progress
Guell and Ogilvie. Picturing ‘healthy’ commuting: photo voice and seeking well-being in everyday travel. Final draft for Qual Health Res
Panter et al. Correlates of reported and recorded time spent in physical activity. Final draft for Am J Prev Med
Jones and Ogilvie. What motivates active commuting? Exploring changes in travel behaviour following relocation. Final draft for IJBNPA
Papers in progress
Panter et al. Why do people combine walking or cycling with other modes of transport? Measuring and understanding active travel on the journey to work
Dalton et al. The influence of location and accessibility on modal choice for travel to work
Carse et al. Can the bicycle compete with the car? The case of Cambridge
Yang et al. Feasibility of rapid but precise baseline assessment of physical activity in a commuting population
Papers in progress
Tully et al. Using Walk Score to predict walking in employed UK adults
Tully et al. Comparison of the Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire with objectively measured physical activity to classify physical activity level
Humphreys et al. The association between active commuting and physical and mental wellbeing
Carse et al. Children’s active travel in Cambridge: examining the relationship between parents’ and children’s travel behaviour
Papers in progress
“I hurt myself quite badly and now my wife won’t let me cycle in
town, she says it’s too dangerous”
[Cycling] is probably the most dangerous thing I do but well I read the statistics and it’s more dangerous not to cycle from the
health point of view!
Cornelia Guell et al. Walking and cycling to work despite reporting an unsupportive environment: a mixed-method exploration of potential mechanisms
Cornelia Guell et al. Walking and cycling to work despite reporting an unsupportive environment: a mixed-method exploration of potential mechanisms
Anna Goodman et al. Healthy travel in a car-oriented environment: the socio-economic structure
of car commuting in Cambridge
Jenna Panter et al. Why do people combine walking or cycling with other modes of transport? Measuring and understanding active travel on the journey to work
Cornelia Guell et al. Walking and cycling to work despite reporting an unsupportive environment: a mixed-method exploration of potential mechanisms
Anna Goodman et al. Healthy travel in a car-oriented environment: the socio-economic structure
of car commuting in Cambridge
Jenna Panter et al. Why do people combine walking or cycling with other modes of transport? Measuring and understanding active travel on the journey to work
Caroline Jones and David Ogilvie. What motivates active commuting? Exploring changes in
travel behaviour following relocation
Emily HallAssistant study coordinator
Fiona WhittleStudy coordinator
Wing WongData manager
Credits
Wider research teamSimon CohnNatalia JonesAnna GoodmanLin YangDavid HumphreysMark TullyJames Smith
InvestigatorsDavid OgilvieSimon GriffinAndy JonesRoger Mackett
Core research teamJenna Panter Cornelia Guell Caroline JonesAlice DaltonAndrew Carse
Study operationsCheryl ChapmanWing WongRupesh GhelaniAndrew DymondFiona WhittleEmily Hall
Acknowledgments
This study was initially funded under the auspices of the Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Funding from the British Heart Foundation, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged. The study is now funded by the National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme (project number 09/3001/06). The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NIHR PHR programme, the NHS or the Department of Health.