David Lagomasino1,2,* , Rene Price1,2, Petya Campbell3 & Dean Whitman1

1FIU: Department of Earth and Environment, Miami, FL

2 FIU: Southeast Environmental Research Center, Miami, FL 3NASA: GSFC, Code 614.4, Greenbelt, MD

*dlagomas@fiu.edu

9th Annual INTECOL Conference

June 5, 2012

1

FCE III LTER Goals:

Water : How do water

management decisions interact

with climate change to determine

freshwater distribution?

Carbon: How does the balance

of fresh and marine water supplies

regulate C uptake, storage, and

fluxes by influencing water

residence time, nutrient

availability, and salinity?

Legacies: How does historic

variability in the relative supply of

fresh and marine water modify

ecosystem sensitivity to further

change?

Scenarios: What are alternative

socio-ecological futures for South

Florida under contrasting climate

change and water management

scenarios?

B

P

T

O Carbon Cycle

Global

Climate

Change

Global

Socioeconomic

Change

Everglades Coastal Gradient FR

ES

H W

AT

ER

SU

PP

LY

Regional Climate

Modulation

Regional Water

Management and

Land Use

South Florida Urban Gradient

Resource Demand, Use, Stewardship and

Management Decisions

1

MA

RIN

E W

AT

ER

SU

PP

LY

2

1

1

Multi-Scaled Socio-Ecology of the Everglades FCE III Conceptual Framework

4 Past Future

Geochemistry

Primary

Production

Consumers

Organic

Matter

Carbon

Cycle

3 Present

LOCAL RESPONSES

EXTERNAL DRIVERS 1

2

3

4

Socio-ecological feedbacks

Can water quality be estimated and monitored using remote

sensing?

Provide spatial estimates of water quality across various mangrove

communities and identify seasonal trends using electro-magnetic spectral

signatures

3

Water chemistry estimated from

leaf spectra

Leaf-level and satellite-level

data show comparable results

Restoration

Sea-level Rise

Salt water Intrusion

Rain ≈ ET

~60-80% during wet season

(May-Oct)

(Price et al., 2008) 4

SITE LAYOUT

Red, black and white

mangroves (tall)

Bedrock groundwater

Pore water at 85 cm and

20cm depth

HYDROLOGY/ METEOROLOGY

Eddy-covariance tower (SRS6)

SW/GW level

~145 m

GW wells

5

1

2

3

HYDROLOGY/METEOROLOGY

Weather station (TsPh7)

SW/GW level

SITE LAYOUT

Red mangroves (dwarf)

Top of bedrock GW wells

Pore water at 20cm depth

TSPh7b

A1

A4

Canoe

4m

TSPh6b C1

C3 Dock

19m

Courtesy of Xavier Zapata

6

seaward

7

Based on vegetation structure

Δ environment ≈Δ structure ≈Δ spectra

Used to calculate spectral vegetation

indices

www.missionscience.nasa.gov

EVI

[Total Nitrogen]

REIP slope

[Ca2+]

RFf_r

[Cl-1]

RE3

[SO42-]

D705/722

[Total Phosphorus]

Band combinations based on various wavelengths of the

measured EM spectra

Related to changes in the chemical and structural features

Maximize sensitivity & minimize noise

8

SVI used in study

Leaf-scale

9

Canopy-scale Regional-scale

Site/local hydrology

-Water quality

-Water availability

-Field spectra

Regional hydrology

-Water quality

-Water availability

-Satellite spectra

upscaling

groundtruthing

Δ spectra

attributed to seasonal variability in water chemistry

> variability at SRS4

10

Cl1

- (m

g L

-1)

SO

42- (m

g L

-1)

Ca

2+ (

mg

L-1

)

SRS4 SRS6

11

Significant correlations between SVIs and ion and nutrient

concentrations

Ca2

+ @

20

cm (

mg

L-1)

SO4

2- @

20

cm (

mg

L-1)

Cl-

@ G

W (

mg

L-1)

Bands 1,2,3

Bands 4,3,2

Bands 5,4,2

12

Landsat 5TM

30m x30m grid

6 bands + 1 thermal

14 day repeat

15 images from

1993-2009

Decrease in NIR (band4) with increase in [Cl-]

Strong correlations (p<0.05) with SRS 5&6 sites Su

rfac

e w

ate

r C

l- (m

g/L)

Band 4 Reflectance (%)

Legend

Cl- (mg/L)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

1000

0

1200

0

1400

0

1600

0

1800

0

2000

0

11/20/2003

DOY=323

11/17/2007

DOY=321

05/04/2006

DOY=123

Seasonal [Cl-] variations

Low [Cl-] in wet season

High [Cl-] in dry season

Downstream gradient

14 14

05/06/1995

DOY=125

04/01/1994

DOY=90

01/03/1997

DOY=3

02/18/1996

DOY=48

03/29/1993

DOY=87

15

Surf

ace

wat

er

Cl- (

mg

/L)

]

Surf

ace

wat

er

Cl- (

mg

/L)

]

?

Leaf-level and satellite-level data

show comparable results

Seasonal spectral trends associated

with changes in water chemistry

16

Additional data to improve model

Decadal changes through times Landsat legacy (1970s-2000s)

Use stressed conditions to better constrain satellite ET estimates

Extrapolate to the Caribbean and elsewhere

Drs. Rene Price, Petya Cambell, Dean Whitman, Assefa Melesse, Steven

Oberbauer, & Fernando Miralles

ASD inc.

Goetz Instrumentation Award (2011)

FCE LTER

NASA WaterSCAPES

Everglades National Park

USGS

Estefania Sandoval, Pamela Sullivan, Danielle Ogurcak, Emanuelle

Feliciano, Stephanie Long, Nicole Neira, & Rafael Travieso

17

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