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Next Assignment Read Berry et al (1998) Answer questions on PS 372 blog Due next Friday (9/24)

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Page 1: Berry et al

Next Assignment

Read Berry et al (1998)

Answer questions on PS 372 blog

Due next Friday (9/24)

Page 2: Berry et al

Berry, Ringquist, Fording, Hanson (1998)

Developed two widely used state-level measures

State citizen ideology State government ideology

Page 3: Berry et al

State Citizen Ideology

Pre-Berry measures did not account for variation over time.

Some scholars previously contended citizen ideology had not changed much since World War II

However, the attitudes of voters surveyed by pollsters tells a different story (Stimson, 1991)

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State Government Ideology

Most previous measures of state government ideology did not account for regional or state-level differences within parties

The Erikson, Wright and McIver scores did account for these differences, but does not…

vary longitudinally (over time) account for the influence of the governor over

policy-making account for institutional factors that limit

minority party power

Page 6: Berry et al

Challenges

Surveys of citizen attitudes in a particular state are only available for some years and not others

No consistent ideological assessment of state legislators

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Strategy

Use interest group ratings of members of Congress

Supplement with election returns for congressional races

Also use data on party composition of state legislatures and governors' party affiliation

Page 8: Berry et al

Citizen Ideology

1) Identify each legislator's interest group ideology

2) Develop a district-based measure based on the incumbent's ideology and the (hypothetical) challenger's ideology

3) Weight each measure by the percentage of votes won by each candidate

Page 9: Berry et al

Citizen Ideology

Where d = district and t = time INCSUPP = proportion voting for incumbent INCIDEO = incumbent ideology CHALSUPP = proportion voting for challenger CHALIDEO = challenger ideology

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Challenger Ideology

Because challenger ideology is not directly observable the authors use the mean ideology score for all incumbents of the same party and state as the challenger.

Page 11: Berry et al

Government Ideology

Ideology estimation is not directly available for most state legislators

Berry et al assume the average state legislator has the same ideology as the average member of Congress from his/her party.

Governor ideology is measured the same way as state legislator ideology.

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State Government Ideology

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Recent Pres Elections

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2008 Presidential Election

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2008 Presidential Election by County

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