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IEA 4E Mapping and Benchmarking Annex
Benchmarking results for domes4c refrigerated appliances
(2013)
Product Defini4on
M&B Category Descrip4on
Refrigerator/Freezer The primary compartment for fresh storage (5oC >= T> 0oC) and the primary frozen food compartment has a rated temperature T <= ‐15oC
Freezer only A unit where all compartments have a temperature raBng T <= ‐15oC
Refrigerator only and refrigerators with freezer compartments
The primary compartment is for fresh storage (5oC >= T> 0oC) and • no freezer compartment, or • a freezer compartment of less than 14l, or • a frozen food compartment rated 0oC >= T > ‐15oC
2
Insufficient data available to conduct “refrigerators only “ and “refrigerators with freezer compartments” analysis
Full product definiBon available at:
h@p://mappingandbenchmarking.iea‐4e.org/shared_files/308/download
What has been analysed
All Domes4c Cold Appliances
Refrigerator/ Freezer
Combina4ons
Freezer Top Freezer BoKom Freezer Side
Refrigerator and Refrigerator with
Freezer Freezer Only
Chest Upright
3
Core data: – Unit Energy Consumption (UEC), Compartment Volumes
Enhanced Data: – Product configuration, sales, whether unit designed for built-in or
freestanding application, type of defrost, etc
Normalisa4on of Appliance Data
Many complex interrelated aspects of each test impact on energy consumpNon
Only one was considered in this analysis: compartment and ambient temperature condiBons – NormalisaBon for temperature variaBons developed
from empirical data by Expert
– Adjustments for degree difference in fresh and frozen compartments and ambient test temperatures (by product type)
NormalisaBon conducted to EU test temperatures
Note: – NormalisaNon favours units with larger freezers
Hence results for Australia, Canada and USA likely to be relaNvely favourable
– Japan normalised locally and not verifiable (extra cauNon with EEI results) 4
Toler‐ances
Temperatures:
Compartment: Ambient
Door openings
Air convec‐ 4on
Loading regime
MEPS, Labels and Registra4on
Australia Canada EU Japan Korea Switzerland USA
Minimum Energy Performance Standards
2000
2005
2010
1978
2001
2014
1999 MEPS
(2002 Voluntary)
2012
2014
2004 Top Runner
Ongoing revisions
from 1992
2008/10
2010-2012
2010 (EU A)
2011 (EU A+)
2013 (EU A++)
1993
2000
2014
Mandatory Labelling
2000 (1-6 star)
2010
1995 EnerGuide
1995 (A-G)
2004 (A+/++ added)
2011 (A+++)
1999 ‘Voluntary’
2006 5-starmark
‘Voluntary’
1992 (1-6 star)
Multiple revisions
2010 running costs
2010 CO2
emissions
1995 (A-G)
2004 (A+/++ added)
2011 (A+++)
1980 EnerGuide
2007
Voluntary Premium Labelling
2001 (ENERGY
STAR)
2004
2008
Various (Environment/
Energy)
2012 (Energy Frontier)
1998 (ENERGY
STAR)
2003
2008 5
Policy Impact on Energy Consump4on (Declared UEC of refrigerator/freezers)
6
Large fall in consumpBon in all countries – average of 2.6% per year
SBll a 100% difference between highest and lowest consumpBon
Policy Impact on Energy Consump4on (Normalised UEC of refrigerator/freezers)
7
Normalised data is much more similar: 2010/11 range is 250‐400 kWh/yr
EU: low UECs, constant improvement from MEPS & industry agreements
Australia/Canada/USA: high UECs, stepped improvement in line with MEPS
Japan: Stand out improvement linked to TOP RUNNER programme
Difference in average Refrigerator/ Freezer capaci4es
8
Total adjusted volume by Country
Frozen compartment volume by Country
Fresh compartment volume by Country
Compara4ve Refrigerator/Freezer Unit Energy Efficiency (kWh/adjusted litre)
9
Normalised Unit Energy
consumption
Total adjusted Volume
Compara4ve Refrigerator/Freezer Energy Efficiency Index (EU EEI)
10
EEI accounts for different sizes/types giving a comparable efficiency metric
Same graph overlaid with EU label boundaries
Normalised UEC: Individual refrigerator/ freezers (2009‐2011)
11
Smaller EU models tend to have the lower Unit Energy ConsumpBons
Larger North American models tend to have lower Unit Energy ConsumpBons
Australian models are somewhere inbetween
MEPS UEC thresholds for Refrigerator/ Freezer combina4ons
12
EU more stringent for small models : North America for larger models
Possibility to combine both with a non‐linear MEPS
Switzerland leading currently announced MEPS – sBll linear
Performance Claims, Tolerances and Allowances
13
Individual products in the UK market in 2002,
Clustering below label thresholds over Bme
2005, 2006, 2008
Have technological limits been reached?
14
Refrigerator/Freezer efficiency: Declared 401‐500 litres
Japanese TOP RUNNER programme is sales weighted. This has driven market average to threshold of EU A++ label by 2010
And the poten4al benefits
15
Business as Usual Scenario for domesBc refrigerated appliances
Same number of appliances if BAT/BNAT is adopted
EsBmated total savings at 2050 = 300 TWh/yr = 13% of BAU scenario
Countries: Australia Canada Republic of Korea Japan USA EU27
Summary
The extended use of policy intervenBon in refrigerated appliances is working in all countries – VariaBons in policy (labelling, MEPS, top runner, etc) appropriate to local
culture/condiBons leading to similar outcomes – But regular revisions are important to ensure ongoing progress
Significant potenBal savings from products already in market through: – Movement to MEPS/regulaBons based on curves rather than linear
requirements (possible staged through adopBon of best current at each volume range)
– In the longer term migraBon to regulaBon based on adjusted surface areas? – Consider Bghtening tolerance/allowance regimes
Technological barriers have not been reached – Enormous saving potenBal sBll available to be tapped
Remember to look beyond naBonal borders to establish potenBal and opBons 16
IEA 4E Mapping and Benchmarking Annex
Benchmarking results for domes4c refrigerated appliances