Bellows Book

METAL BELLOWS EXPANSION JOINT BASICS

4 0 4 2 PAT T O N WAY BAKERSFIELD, CA 93308-5030

PHONE 661.587.2020FAX 661.587.2022

EMAIL [email protected]

HISTORYCharles W. Lortz, Sr. founded the company as “Lortz & Son” in 1947. The Business Philosophy was simple, “ be the best that we could be in the meta l fabr icat ion bus iness and provide excellent service to our customers.” The long-term loyalty of our customers today attests to the soundness of the founding philosophy

LORTZ TODAYWe have never lost sight of the founding philosophy, and today, providing excellence in service to our customers remains a business priority. We have continued to add machinery and expand our facilities to improve our overall capabilities.The emphasis on customer service and capability improvement, coupled with the knowledge, experience and enthusiasm of our employees, has enabled Lortz to maintain a reputation as the preferred metal fabricator for an ever increasing number of customers.Our most important assets are our customers and our employees. All Lortz employees are very aware of the importance of providing customers with the highest quality products and service. Our outstanding reputation with customers attests to the dedicated effort and superior results of all of our employees. We look forward to the next opportunity to serve you.

125,000 square feet of manufacturing area; 14,000 square feet of offi ces on 23 acres

1

Lortz specializes in On-site Problem solving!

• Metal and Fabric Expansion Joints • Experienced Engineers • Experienced Welders • Experienced Management 24 / 7 /365 Emergency Engineering and Product Support

Serving Industry Since 1947

2

3

LORTZ PRODUCTS

• Pressure Vessels • Metal & Fabric Expansion Joints • Pipe Spool Fabrication • Process Skids • Ducting • Custom Metal Fabrication

PRESSURE VESSELS

4

METAL EXPANSION JOINTS

FABRIC EXPANSION JOINTS

5

PIPE SPOOL FABRICATION

PROCESS SKIDS

6

DUCTING

CUSTOM METAL FABRICATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

What is a Metal Bellows........................................................... 8How Metal Bellows Work......................................................... 9 Pressure Thrust......................................................................... 10 Metal Bellows Pressure Retaining Capability.................. 11Bellows Pressure Stresses.................................................. 12 Metal Bellows Spring Rate / Force................................ 13 Metal Bellows Cycle Life........................................................ 14 F L EF L E X XX X C H E C KC H E C K Bellows Analysis..................................... 15 Bellows Design Variables ....................................................... 16 Bellows Design Variables....................................................... 17 Common Bellows Materials .................................................. 18 What is a Metal Bellows Expansion Joint ?..................... 19 Metal Expansion Joint Components................................. 20 Component Terminology......................................................... 21 Types of Expansion Joints............................................. 22... 23Main Anchors............................................................................... 24Typical Pipe Guide, Guide Supports.................................. 25Intermediate Anchors, Pipe Guides and Supports........... 26Pipe Guide Spacing ...................................................................... 27Piping and Ducting System Design Considerations.......... 28Typical Expansion Joint Applications..............................29... 33Metal Rectangular Expansion Joints....................................... 34Fabric Expansion Joints................................................................ 35Installation Instructions...................................................... .36... 39Thermal Expansion............................................................... .40... 42Steam Pressure.............................................................................. 43Dimensions of Welded and seamless pipe............................ 44Conversions Table........................................................................... 45

777

WHAT IS A METAL BELLOWS ?Metal bellows are produced starting with a welded tube (seamless tube use is very rare), and mechanically or hydraulically forming “convolutions” in the number and shape to meet piping or ducting system application requirements Metal bellows, as a detail part, are rarely provided to customers due to the “thin” material thickness which requires specialized welding processes to attach the bellows to pipe or flanges.

88

U - Shaped

S - Shaped

Toroidal

HOW METAL BELLOWS WORK

MovementsMetal bellows are designed to absorb thermal and / or mechanical piping or ducting system movements while retaining system operating pressure at the system temperature. Bellows can absorb the following movements.

AxialCompression & Extension

Lateral Angular

Whereas meta l be l lows can be des igned to res is t torsional loads, metal bellows cannot tolerate torsional movement. Metal bellows must be designed to avoid system resonant vibration frequency (if vibration exists) in order to prevent immediate mechanical bellows failure. Failure to specify one or the other, or both, can resul t in immediate bellows failure.

99

Torsion

10

PRESSURE THRUST Understanding metal bellows pressure thrust is extremely important.

Metal bellows cannot restrain longitudinal pressure loads without integral retraining hardware such as tie rods, hinges, gimbals or external pipe anchors. Longitudinal pressure load on a bellows results in “pressure thrust”.Pressure thrust force is created by the system and / or test pressure acting on the area of the “mean” diameter of the bellows. A pressurized, unrestrained metal bellows expansion joint in a piping system without anchors, will elongate (extend) due to pressure thrust which can result in immediate bellows “squirm” and failure. Pressure thrust forces are typically higher than all other system forces combined.

With rigid pipe installed between two flanges - pressure thrust is restrained by the strength of the pipe

With a thin wall convoluted bellows welded to two flanges, the bellows reaction to pressure thrust results in the bellows growing in length unti l the bel lows “squirms” and / or the convolutions stretch out to become the tube from which they were formed.

METAL BELLOWS PRESSURE RETAINING CAPABILITYMetal bellows are designed to retrain loads imposed by internal and / or external system pressure and / or test pressure. Bellows convolution geometry, numbers of convolutions, material type and material thickness all affect bellows pressure retaining capability.

1111

Squirm

Over pressurization and / or improper guiding of an metal bellows expansion joint can cause the bellows to “squirm”. Squirm can lead to immediate failure of the bellows.

1212

BELLOWS PRESSURE STRESSES

Pressure applied to a bellows is l imited by “Hoop Stress” (EJMA S2) and “Bulge Stress” (EJMA S4).

Hoop Stress runs circumferentually around the bellows resulting from pressure differential between the inside and outside diameter of the bellows. Hoop stress is what holds a bellows together similar to hoop rings on a barrel. Hoop stress must be held to code allowable levels.

Bulge Stress runs longitudinal to the bellows centerline acting on the sidewall of the bellows convolutions. Bulge Stress is also calculated to code.

Hoop Stress EJMA S2 Bulging Stress EJMA S4

METAL BELLOWS SPRING RATE / FORCE

In addition to longitudinal pressure thrust loads, movement within a bellows requires a “force” to cause the bellows to compress, extend or angulate. Bellows “Spring rate” is a design consideration. To calculate the load (force) imposed on equipment adjacent to the expansion joint.

1313

The result is referred to as “spring force” For a bellows expansion jo in t wi thout in tegra l longi tud ina l pressure restraining hardware, one must add the bellows spring force to the pressure thrust force to determine the total force imposed on adjacent equipment or pipe anchors. Other loads that must be considered are dead weight, frictional, wind, etc.

F = K· X F - The load (force) imposed on equipment on either side of the bellows.

K - The bellows spring rate (expressed as pounds / inch of movement for axial and lateral movements, and inch / pound per degree for angular movement)

X - The anticipated or specified movement

METAL BELLOWS CYCLE LIFE

When a bellows compresses, extends or angulates, the movement is absorbed by deformation of the side walls of the bellows convolutions. The stress caused by the movement is referred to as the bellows deflection bending stress (EJMA S6). This stress is highest at the “crest” and “root” of the bellows convolution. Metal bellows are designed to function with a deflection bending stress value that far exceeds the yield strength of the bellows material. Therefore, most metal bellows expansion joints are designed to deflate in the “plastic” range of materials and the bel lows wi l l take a permanent “set” at the rated bel lows movements. Bellows are rarely designed to operate in the elastic range of materials. Bellows operating in the plastics material range will eventually fatigue after a finite number of movement cycles. Realistic cycle life should be specified for bellows design. As the chart on page 16 shows, the higher the cycle life, the “weaker” the bellows des ign pressure e capabi l i ty. The “safest” bellows design results from real-world cycle life, pressure, movement and temperature date.

1414

Defl ection Stress EJMA S6

1515

EJMA STANDARDS - EIGHTH EDITIONCustomer: Lortz Manufacturing Date: 15-Apr-08Reference: 4/15/08 Lortz Job/Quote: 821000Tag Number: Ø20” Approved By: WLW SINGLE BELLOWS DESIGN INPUTBELLOWS PROPERTIESBellows Material SA240-316/316LInside Diameter 20.000 in Bellows Length 8.750 inOutside Diameter 22.375 in Allowable Stress 18,000 psiNominal Thickness 0.036 in Mod. of Elasticity 25,800,000 psiNumber of Convolutions 10 Weld Joint Efficiency 100%Number of Plies 1COLLAR PROPERTIESCollar Material N/AThickness N/A Allowable Stress N/AWidth N/A Modulus of Elasticity N/AWeld Joint Efficiency N/ADESIGN PARAMETERSDesign Pressure 100 psig Design Temperature 500 °FDesign Movements (Concurrent) Axial Compression 1.50 in Axial Extension 0.00 in Lateral (1) 0.13 in Lateral (2) 0.000 in Angular (1) 0.00 ° Angular (2) 0.000 ° Design Cycle Life 2,000 cycles

ANALYSIS RESULTS STRESS ALLOWABLETangent Circ. Membrane Stress due to Pressure (S1) 21,864 psi 18,000 psiCircumferential Membrane Stress due to Pressure (S2) 9,463 psi 18,000 psiMeridional Membrane Stress due to Pressure (S3) 1,645 psi N/AMeridional Bending Stress due to Pressure (S4) 39,849 psi 47,688 psiMeridional Membrane Stress due to Deflection (S5) 1,955 psi N/AMeridional Bending Stress due to Deflection (S6) 211,386 psi N/ATotal Stress Range (St) 242,387 psi N/ACalculated Cycle Life EJMA (Nc) 2,405 cycles 2,000 cyclesAxial Spring Rate 1,100 lbs/inLateral Spring Rate 9,709 lbs/inAngular Spring Rate 1,081 in-lb/degBellows Effective Area 353.77 in^2Bellows Maximum Design Pressure based upon Squirm 148 psi

Bel

low

s D

esig

n Va

riab

les

Thic

ker M

ater

ial

- (1)

- (2)

+ (1

)+

(3)

+-

--

-+

(3)

+ (3

)+

(3)

S

Thin

ner M

ater

ial

+ (1

) +

(2)

- (1)

- (3)

-+

++

+- (

3)- (

3)- (

3)S

Hig

her C

onvo

lutio

n- (

1)+

(2)

- (2)

- (3)

++

++

+- (

3)- (

3)- (

3)+

Low

er C

onvo

lutio

n+

(1)

- (2)

+ (2

)+

(3)

--

--

-+

(3)

+ (3

)+

(3)

-

Sm

alle

r Pitc

h-

+-

-+

++

++

--

-S

Larg

er P

itch

+-

++

--

--

-+

++

S

Mor

e P

lies

--

S+

+S

SS

S+

++

S

Few

er P

lies

++

S-

-S

SS

S-

--

S

Larg

er D

iam

eter

+ (1

)S

S+

-S

S-

-+

++

+

Sm

alle

r Dia

met

er- (

1)S

S-

+S

S+

+-

--

-

Mor

e C

onvo

lutio

nsS

S-

-S

++

++

--

-S

Few

er C

onvo

lutio

nsS

S+

+S

--

--

++

+S

BE

LL

OW

S D

ES

IGN

VA

RIA

BL

ES

& T

HE

IR

RE

LA

TIO

NS

HIP

TO

BE

LL

OW

S D

YN

AM

ICS

LEGE

ND

+ =

Incr

ease

: -

= De

crea

se: S

= S

ame

: (1

) = N

o Af

fect

: (2)

Val

ue S

quar

ed:

(3) V

alue

Cub

ed

1616

Hoop Stress

EJMA S2 Bulge Stress

EJMA S4 Deflectio

nStre

ss EJMA S4 Squirm Pressure External B

uck.

Pressure Cycle LifeRated

Axial Rated Lateral Rated Angular Axial

Spring Rate Lateral S

pring

Rate

Pressure Thrust

Angular Sprin

g

Rate

BELLOW DESIGN VARIABLES

Refer to the chart on page 16. This chart shows the complexity of bellows design with the relationship of bellows geometry, material thickness, pressure and movement. Optimum bellows design requires actual pressure and temperature to be specified along with actual calculated thermal movement to be absorbed by the bellows. Overstating system data will result in a less safe bellows design.

Most system designers think that specifying an extended bellows cycle life increases system reliability, whereas a longer than necessary specified bellows cycle life in most cases has the opposite result. As the chart on page 16 shows, the relationship between cycle life and pressure stability is a “balancing act”. The longer the cycle life, the lower the pressure retraining capability of a given bellows design. The Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Associat ion (EJMA) covers the subject o f be l lows cyc le l i fe very wel l and Lor tz recommends that system designers refer to the latest edition of the EJMA Standards.

17

COMMON BELLOWS MATERIALS

Bellows material selection is determined through knowledge of the system process and media. Responsibility for the selection of bellows materials is that of the system process designer or end user.

Material DesignationASME ASTM

SA 304 Stainless A 304 Stainless

SA 304L Stainless A 304L Stainless







SB 463 Alloy 200 B 463 Alloy 200





SB 443 Alloy 625 LCF B 443 Alloy 625 LCF


SB 409 Alloy 800 H B 409 Alloy 800 H


18

WHAT IS A METAL BELLOWS EXPANSION JOINT ?

A convoluted metal bellows is one component of a metal bellows expansion joint. When the metal bellows is welded to pipe, flanges or other parts, the welded part becomes a metal bellows expansion joint.

There are many “types” of metal bellows expansion joints which are shown in pages that follow

1919

Vanstone fl ange / weld end expansion joint

2020

COVER

COVER CLIP

WELD END

TIE ROD RING

TIE ROD LIMIT ROD CONTROL ROD

ROUND BAR ROOT RINGTUBULAR ROOT RING

T BAR / ROOT RINGBELLOWS

TIE ROD LUG

FLANGE

LINER

LOWS TANGENT REINFORCING RING

METAL EXPANSION JOINT COMPONENTS

COMPONENT TERMINOLOGY

• Bellows – A metal tube with concentric convolutions

• Liner / Telescoping Liner – installed to prevent media fl ow on bellows convolution, prevent erosion, flow induced vibration and minimize solids buildup in convolutions.

• Cover – Installed to prevent damage to convolutions or for external fl ow; to act as a liner above. Can be installed with cover clips or solid cover ring.

• Flange – normally standard ANSI fl anges.

• Van Stone Flange - Bellows is formed around fl ange face and trimmed. Result is a “fl oating fl ange” with bellows material protecting fl ange I.D.. Required gasket.

• Weld End – normally standard pipe.

• Tie Rod Lug – A lug to hold tie rod welded to fl ange or weld end.

• Tie Rod Ring – A solid ring welded to weld end to hold tie rod.

• Tie Rod – Rods installed to restrain pressure thrust. Lateral movement only.

• Control Rods – Control rods are not designed to restrain bellows pressure thrust. Control rods are used to distribute the applied movement between two bellows or a universal expansion joint.

• Collar – Collars are used to reinforce the bellows tangent (cuff).

• Root Rings – Root rings are used to reinforce bellows to achieve higher internal pressures.

21

TYPES OF EXPANSION JOINTS

Absorbs all movements in a given piping section. Requires guides and anchors

Absorbs lateral movement, i f “control Rod’; absorbs axial and lateral movement. Designed to restrain full pressure thrust in the event of anchor failure. Requires guides and anchors.

Absorbs large amounts of lateral movement along with specified axial movement. Requires guides and anchors.

Large amounts of lateral movement, and within the t ie rods axial movement. Designed to retrain bellows pressure thrust.

2222

Single

Tied

Universal

Tied Universal

TYPES OF EXPANSION JOINTS

Designed to absorb angular movement in one plane only. Hinged expansion joints are normally used in sets of 2 or 3 to function properly

Designed to absorb angular movement in any plane. Similar to a Universal joint on an automobile

Designed to absorb axial and lateral movement when a change of direction occurs in a piping system. Designed to restrain bellows pressure thrust.

Externally pressurized expan-sion joints can absorb long axial movements and the bellows cover is “pipe”

23

Hinge

Gimbal

Pressure Balanced

XXpress

MAIN ANCHORS Main anchors must be designed to withstand all of the forces and movements imposed on them in the piping system sectionin which they are installed. This includes bellows pressure thrust, media flow, bellows spring force and frictional forces of pipe guides, pipe supports, and directional anchors. The weight of the pipe, including contents and forces and / or movements resulting from wind loads may also have to be considered in the main anchor design.

In systems containing expansion joints, main anchors are installed at any of the following locations

2424

(A) At a change of direction of flow:

(B) Between Two expansion jo ints of d i fferent s izes installed in the same straight run:

(C) At the entrance of a side branch containing an expansion joint into the main line:

(D) Where a shut-off or pressure reducing valve is installed in a pipe run between two expansion joints:

(E) At a blind end of pipe

TYPICAL PIPE GUIDE

PIPE SUPPORTSPipe rings, U-bolts, roller supports and spring hangars are typical pipe supports devices.A properly designed pipe support permits free movement of piping while supporting the dead and live weight of piping,valves and other components of a piping system.

Standard PipeAlignment Guide

Tee Guide

Strap Guide

2525

Proper guiding and supporting of piping systems containing expansion joints is critical.

26

INTERMEDIATE ANCHORS Intermediate anchors are not designed to withstand bellows pressure thrust force. When unrestrained metal bellows expansion joints are installed in a pipe section, intermediate anchors must be designed to withstand all of the non-pressure forces acting upon it which consists of bellows spring force and other frictional forces such as pipe guides.

PIPE GUIDES AND SUPPORTS

Piping or ducting systems in which metal bellows expansion joints are installed must be properly guided and supported in order for the expansion joint to function properly. It is generally recommended that the expansion joint be installed near a pipe anchor and that the first guide be installed a maximum of four (4) pipe diameters away from the expansion joint. The distance between the fi rst and second guide should not be greater than 14 pipe diameters. Refer to the recommended pipe guide spacing chart on the next page.

1st Guide 2nd Guide All Other Guides

The first guide must be located a maximum of 4 pipe diameters from the end of the bellows; the second guide a maximum of 14 pipe diameters. Chart is for all bellows with inside diameter the same as piping.

2727

This chart is general reference only. Piping ducting systems should be designed by qualifi ed engineers and consider all system requirements

PIPE GUIDE SPACING CHART

Recommended Maximum Spacing of Intermediate Pipe Guides for Applications Involving Axial Movements

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 Pressure [psi]

Inte

rmed

iate

Gui

de S

paci

ng [f

t]

4" 8" 12" 16"

20" 24" 30" 36"

48" 60" 72"

Legend

PIPING AND DUCTING SYSTEM DESIGN

CONSIDERATIONS

When the use of expansion joints have been determined necessary due to the thermal growth in a piping or duct system, it is very important to attempt to keep the system as

simple as possible.

The first step is to analyze the system for the location of main anchors. A complex system can be simplified by dividing the system into several sections isolated with main anchors. Once divided, the thermal growth pattern in each section can be analyzed and the simplest expansion joint can be designed to accommodate the required mountings.

Typical Piping Layout

28

Straight Run L - BendZ - Bend

Pump

Tank

Tank

29

TYPICAL EXPANSION JOINT APPLICATIONS

Axial Movement Only

Single Expansion Joint

Universal Expansion Joint with Integral Intermediate Anchors

Pressure Balanced Elbow Expansion Joint

3030


Combined Movements

Single Expansion Joint Combined Axial and Lateral Movement

Single - Tied Application ForLateral and Axial Movement

31


Combined Movements - Tied Universal

Two - Plane Tied Universal Application

Three - Plane TiedUniversal Application

3232


Angular Movements - Hinge

Two - Hinge Application Three - Hinge Application

33


Angular Movements - Gimbal

Two - Gimbal Application Three - Gimbal Application

METAL RECTANGULAR EXPANSION JOINTS

Single Miter Corner

Double Miter Corner

Rounded Corner

3434

LORTZ can fabricate metal rectangular expansion joints from 2’ to any larger size. Straight sections can be formed in 20 foot lengths without additional welds.

FABRIC EXPANSION JOINTS

Lortz Manufacturing has the experience and manufacturing capability to provide complete framed fabric expansion joints. Our designs are in accordance with recognized standards suchas those published by the Fluid Sealing Association (FSA). Lortz offers multiple frame stylesand fabric materials specifically engineered for each application requirement. Factors such as temperature, media, movements, orientation and pressure affect the selection process. The illustration below shows a typical framed expansion joint system.

64 7 1 2 3

5

LEGEND 1: Fabric Belt Material

2: Encased Accumulation Pillow with Attachment Tabs

3: Outboard Standoff Frame

4: Radius Corners

5: Telescoping Liners

6: Belt Attachment Bolting, 1/2” Diameter on 4” Centers

7: Clamping Bars

F

D

G

Option A

ABCE

F

D

Option B

ABC

E

LEGENDA: Outer Cover Fabric

B: Fiberglass Insulation

C: Teflon Gas Seal Membrane

D: Fiberglass Insulation

E: Woven Fiberglass Cloth

F: 316 S/S Wire Mesh

G: Edge Seal3535

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONSReceiving Inspection Visual inspection upon receipt should be performed. The container should be opened and if the contents have been damaged, they should be photographed along with the container. Large expansion joint assemblies may be shipped without a pallet or container of any kind. Under all circumstances, any shipping damage must be immediately reported to Customer Service at Lortz Manufacturing, 661-587-2020 and the photographs emailed to [email protected]. Lortz will analyze the damage and provide further instructions. Storage Expansion Joints should be stored in a clean and dry environment. However, as a minimum, expansion joints must be stored so that water does not penetrate any closed container. Expansion joints shipped on pallets or shipped without a pallet may be stored out of doors, however it is extremely important that flow liners be in a downward position. Expansion joints with overlapping flow liners, regardless of liner weep holes, should be covered to prevent water from accumulating in the liner and potentially clogging the weep holes. Shipping Bars and / or Internal Shipping RestraintsShipping bars and / or Internal shipping restraints will be painted yellow and marked “Remove after Installation”. • DO NOT REMOVE THE SHIPPING BARS OR INTERNAL RESTRAINTS UNTIL THE EXPANSION JOINT HAS BEEN COMPLETELY INSTALLED. • Do not use the expansion joint to correct for installation misalignment. • Do not torque the expansion joint to correct for bolt hole misalignment. • “Tie Rods”, “Limit Rods” or “Control Rods” are NOT shipping bars, do not remove nuts or rods. • Be very careful removing shipping bars so as not to cause weld spatter or arc strikes or grinding damage to the bellows element. Position a chloride free fire blanket as required to prevent bellows damage. All expansion joints are shipped to specified “Pre-set” installation dimensions and it is important that the expansion joints are installed accordingly. The “Pre-set” can be Axial (compression or extension), or Lateral, or Angular, or any combination thereof. Expansion Joints will be shipped “Pre-set” in accordance with approved drawing requirements. If the shipping bars are removed prior to completion of installation by bolting or welding, the expansion joint may “move to a neutral position” and will not function as designed and can cause premature or immediate expansion joint failure.

3636

3737

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS (continued)InstallationPrior to instal l ing the expansion joint, the opening into which the expansion joint will be installed must be inspected to verify that the opening is in accordance with design tolerances. As stated above, theexpansion joint is not designed to accommodate installation misalignment, unless clearly specif ied as a design requirement. All pipe guides and anchoring must be in accordance with the guidelines of the Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association for expansion joints to function properly in a piping or ducting system. • DO NOT USE THE SHIPPING BARS TO LIFT THE EXPANSION JOINT. • FOR EXPANSION JOINTS WEIGHING LESS THAN 500 POUNDS WITH OUT LIFTING LUGS, USE THE MOST APPROPRIATE HANDLING METHOD TO MOVE INTO INSTALLATION POSITION. • EXPANSION JOINTS WEIGHING MORE THAN 500 POUNDS WILL BE FURNISHED WITH LIFTING LUGS AND REQUIRE THE USE OF A SPREADER BAR TO LIFT TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE EXPANSION JOINT WHEN STANDARD LIFTING PRACTICES ARE EMPLOYED. SPREADER BARS MUST BE USED SO THAT THE LIFTING FORCES ARE “STRAIGHT UP” FROM THE LIFTING LUGS. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT LIFTING OF LARGE EXPANSION JOINTS BE DOCUMENTED BY PHOTOGRAPHS. • NEVER USE A CHAIN OR CABLE OVER THE BELLOWS ELEMENT OR COVER, THEY ARE NOT DESIGNED TO SUPPORT LIFTING AND THE BELLOWS CAN BE SEVERELY DAMAGED. Weld End Expansion Joints 1. Make certain that the attachment edges of the piping or ducting are smooth, clean and parallel. 2. Be cautious of any adjacent objects with sharp edges or protrusions so that when positioning the expansion joint the thin gage bellows will not be damaged. 3. When the expansion joint has a liner, make certain that the flow arrow of the expansion joint is in the system flow direction. 4. Prior to welding, protect the expansion joint with a chloride free fire blanket to prevent weld spatter or arc strikes on the bellows surface. 5. Remove the shipping bars and / or internal restraints prior to any testing or operation of the system.

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS (continued)

Flanged Expansion Joints 1. Make certain that the pipe or duct f lange opening is in accordance with specif ied dimensions. 2. When the expansion joint has a l iner, make certain that the f low arrow of the expansion joint is in the system f low direction. 3. Properly instal l the required gaskets and bolt the expansion joint in place being careful not to cause any damage to the bellows element. 4. Again, do not introduce torque into the expansion joint by trying to rotate the expansion joint to accommodate an improperly posit ioned f lange on the pipe or duct end. 5. Many f langed expansion joints are designed with a “f loating f lange” (Vanstone) so that the f inal f lange to be bolted can be rotated. 6. Remove the shipping bars and / or internal restraints prior to any testing or operation of the system. Tied Rods, Control Rods and Limit Rods 1. I f the expansion joint is designed with Tie Rods to restrain pressure thrust, the t ie rods wil l be set to the proper dimensions prior to shipment. Do not adjust the t ie rods. 2. I f the expansion joint is shipped with “Control Rods”, to control the amount of movement between two expansion joints, f inal adjustment of the rod nuts may be required during instal lat ion of the expansion joints. Refer to the expansion joint drawings. 3. I f the expansion joint is designed with “Limit Rods”, to l imit the amount of movement absorbed by the expansion joint, the l imit rods wil l be f inally adjusted prior to shipment. Do not adjust the l imit rods. Limit Rods are not designed to restrain expansion joint pressure thrust, during normal operation.

3838

3939

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS (continued)Hinge Expansion Joints 1. CAUTION - Proper orientation of hinged expansion joints in pipe

runs is critical. Refer to piping schematic prior to installation.

Proper lifting technic for expansion joints

Shipping bars are not to removed until expansion joints are installed

Thermal Expansion of Pipe in Inches for 100 Feet

TemperatureDegrees F

Carbon SteelC-Mo

3Cr-Mo

5CR-Mothrough9Cr-MoSteel

AusteniticStainless

Steel18Cr-8NI

Alloy’s600625

-325 -2.37 -2.22 -3.85 --300 -2.24 -2.10 -3.63 --275 -2.11 -1.98 -3.41 --250 -1.98 -1.86 -3.19 -2.30-225 -1.85 -1.74 -2.96 -2.17-200 -1.71 -1.62 -2.73 -2.04-175 -1.58 -1.50 -2.50 -1.87-150 -1.45 -1.37 -2.27 -1.70-125 -1.30 -1.23 -2.01 -1.54-100 -1.15 -1.08 -1.75 -1.37-75 -1.00 -0.94 -1.50 -1.17-50 -0.84 -0.79 -1.24 -0.97-25 -0.68 -0.63 -0.98 -0.760 -0.49 -0.46 -0.72 -0.56

25 -0.32 -0.30 -0.46 -0.3650 -0.14 -0.13 -0.21 -0.1675 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

100 0.23 0.22 0.34 0.26125 0.42 0.40 0.62 0.48150 0.61 0.58 0.90 0.70175 0.80 0.76 1.18 0.92200 0.99 0.94 1.46 1.15225 1.21 1.13 1.75 1.38250 1.40 1.33 2.03 1.61275 1.61 1.52 2.32 1.85300 1.82 1.71 2.61 2.09

4040

41



Carbon SteelC-Mo

3Cr-Mo


AusteniticStainless

Steel18Cr-8NI

Alloy’s600625

325 2.04 1.90 2.90 2.32350 2.26 2.10 3.20 2.56375 2.48 2.30 3.50 2.80400 2.70 2.50 3.80 3.05425 2.93 2.72 4.10 3.29450 3.16 2.93 4.41 3.53475 3.39 3.14 4.71 3.78500 3.62 3.35 5.01 4.02525 3.86 3.58 5.31 4.27550 4.11 3.80 5.62 4.52575 4.35 4.02 5.93 4.77600 4.60 4.24 6.24 5.02625 4.86 4.47 6.55 5.27650 5.11 4.69 6.87 5.53675 5.37 4.92 7.18 5.79700 5.63 5.14 7.50 6.05725 5.90 5.38 7.82 6.31750 6.16 5.62 8.15 6.57775 6.43 5.86 8.47 6.84800 6.70 6.10 8.80 7.10825 6.97 6.34 9.13 7.38850 7.25 6.59 9.46 7.67875 7.53 6.83 9.79 7.95900 7.81 7.07 10.12 8.23925 8.08 7.31 10.46 8/.52950 8.35 7.56 10.80 8.80975 8.62 7.81 11.14 9.09

1000 8.89 8.06 11.46 9.371025 9.17 8.30 11.82 9.66



Carbon SteelC-Mo

3Cr-Mo


AusteniticStainless

Steel18Cr-8NI

Alloy’s600625

1050 9.46 8.55 12.16 9.941075 9.75 8.80 12.50 10.231100 10.04 9.05 12.84 10.511125 10.31 9.28 13.18 10.801150 10.57 9.52 13.52 11.091175 10.83 9.76 13.86 11.371200 11.10 10.00 14.20 11.661225 11.38 10.26 14.54 11.981250 11.66 10.53 14.88 12.291275 11.94 10.79 15.22 12.611300 12.22 11.06 15.56 12.931325 12.50 11.30 15.90 13.251350 12.78 11.55 16.24 13.561375 13.06 11.80 16.48 13.881400 13.34 12.05 16.92 14.2501425 - - 17.30 14.511450 - - 17.69 14.831475 - - 18.08 15.141500 - - 18.47 15.451525 - - - 15.771550 - - - 16.081575 - - - 16.401600 - - - 16.71

4242

4343

Stream Pressure TableTemperature Saturated Steam Temperature Saturated Steam(°F) (°C) (psig) (barg) (°F) (°C) (psig) (barg)212 100 0.0 0.000 460 238 451.3 31.124220 104 2.5 0.172 480 249 550.3 37.952240 116 10.3 0.710 500 260 664.3 45.814260 127 20.7 1.428 520 271 795.3 54.848280 138 34.5 2.379 540 282 945.3 65.193300 149 52.3 3.607 560 293 1115.0 76.897320 160 74.9 5.166 580 304 1308.0 90.217340 171 103.3 7.124 600 316 1525.0 105.172360 182 138.3 9.538 620 327 1768.0 121.931380 193 180.9 12.476 640 338 2041.0 140.759400 204 232.4 16.028 660 349 2346.0 161.793420 216 293.7 20.255 680 360 2705.0 186.552440 227 366.1 25.248 700 371 3080.0 212.414

Low - Pressure Conversions1 in. Mercury = 0.4912 psig 1 kPa = 0.145 psig1 in. Mercury = 13.60 in. of water 1 kPa = 0.01 bar1 in. Mercury = 0.03386 bar 1 bar 10 N/sq. mm1 in. Mercury = 3.3864 kPa 1 psig 0.06895 bar

4444

DIM

EN

SIO

NS

OF

WE

LD

ED

A

ND

SE

AM

LE

SS

PIP

EN

OM

INA

LPI

PE S

IZE

OU

TSID

E D

IAM

ETER

SCH

10SC

H 2

0SC

H

30ST

AN

DA

RD

WEI

GH

TSC

H40

SCH

60EX

TRA

STR

ON

GSC

H80

SCH

100

SCH

120

SCH

140

SCH

160

DB

L EX

STR

ON

G

1/8

.405

WA

LLI.D

..0

68.2

69.0

68.2

69.0

95.2

15.0

95.2

15

1/4

.540

WA

LLI.D

..0

88.3

64.0

88.3

64.1

26.4

23.1

26.4

23

3/8

.675

WA

LLI.D

..0

91

.493

.126

.423

.126

.423

1/2

.840

WA

LLI.D

..1

09.6

22.1

09.6

22.1

47.5

46.1

47.5

46.1

87.4

66.2

94.2

52

3/4

1.05

0W

ALL

I.D.

.083

.884

.113

.824

.113

.824

.154

.742

.154

.742

.218

.614

.308

.434

11.

315

WA

LLI.D

..1

091.

097

.133

1.04

9.1

331.

049

.179

.957

.179

.957

.250

.815

.358

.599

1 1/

41.

660

WA

LLI.D

..1

091.

442

.140

1.38

0.1

401.

380

.191

1.27

8.1

911.

278

.250

1.16

0.3

82.8

96

1 1/

21.

900

WA

LLI.D

..1

091.

682

.145

1.61

0.1

451.

610

.200

1.50

0.2

001.

500

.281

1.33

8.4

001.

100

22.

375

WA

LLI.D

..1

092.

157

.154

2.06

7.1

542.

067

.218

1.93

9.2

181.

939

.343

1.68

9.4

361.

503

2 1/

22.

875

WA

LLI.D

..1

202.

635

.203

2.46

9.2

032.

469

.276

2.32

3.2

762.

323

.375

2.12

5.5

521.

771

33.

500

WA

LLI.D

..1

203.

260

.216

3.06

8.2

163.

068

.300

2.90

0.3

002.

900

.438

2.62

4.6

002.

300

3 1/

24.

000

WA

LLI.D

..1

203.

760

.226

3.54

8.2

263.

548

.318

3.36

4.3

183.

364

.636

2.72

8

44.

500

WA

LLI.D

..1

204.

260

.237

4.02

6.2

374.

026

.337

3.82

6.3

373.

826

.438

3.62

4.5

313.

438

.674

3.15

2

4545

NO

MIN

AL

PIPE

SIZ

EO

UTS

IDE

DIA

MET

ERSC

H10

SCH

20

SCH

30

STA

ND

AR

DW

EIG

HT

SCH

40SC

H60

EXTR

AST

RO

NG

SCH

80SC

H10

0SC

H12

0SC

H14

0SC

H16

0D

BL

EXST

RO

NG

55.

563

WA

LLI.D

..1

345.

295

.258

5.04

7.2

585.

047

.375

4.81

3.3

754.

813

.500

4.56

3.6

254.

313

.750

4.06

3

66.

625

WA

LLI.D

..1

346.

357

.280

6.06

5.2

806.

065

.432

5.76

1.4

325.

761

.562

5.50

1.7

185.

189

.864

4.89

7

88.

625

WA

LLI.D

..1

498.

329

.250

8.12

5.2

778.

071

.322

7.98

1.3

227.

961

.406

7.81

3.5

007.

625

.500

7.62

5.5

937.

439

.718

7.18

9.8

127.

001

.906

6.81

3.8

756.

875

1010

.750

WA

LLI.D

..1

6510

.420

.250

10.2

50.3

0710

.136

.365

10.0

20.3

6510

.020

.500

9.75

0.5

009.

750

.593

9.56

4.7

189.

314

.843

9.06

41.

000

8.75

01.

125

8.50

0

1212

.750

WA

LLI.D

..1

8012

.390

.250

12.2

50.3

3012

.090

.375

12.0

00.4

0611

.938

.562

11.6

26.5

0011

.750

.687

11.3

76.8

4311

.064

1.00

010

.750

1.12

510

.500

1.31

210

.126

1414

.000

WA

LLI.D

..2

5013

.500

.312

13.3

75.3

7513

.250

.375

13.2

50.4

3813

.124

.593

12.8

14.5

0013

.000

.750

12.5

00.9

3712

.126

1.09

311

.814

1.25

11.5

001.

406

11.1

88

1616

.000

WA

LLI.D

..2

5015

.500

.312

15.3

75.3

7515

.250

.375

15.2

50.5

0015

.000

.656

14.6

88.5

0015

.000

.843

14.3

141.

031

13.9

381.

218

13.5

641.

438

13.1

241.

593

12.8

14

1818

.000

WA

LLI.D

..2

5017

.500

.312

15.3

75.4

3817

.124

.375

17.2

50.5

6216

.876

.750

16.5

00.5

0017

.000

.937

16.1

261.

156

15.6

881.

375

15.2

501.

562

14.8

761.

781

14.4

38

2020

.000

WA

LLI.D

..2

5019

.500

.375

19.2

50.5

0019

.000

.375

19.2

50.5

9318

.814

.812

18.3

76.5

0019

.000

1.03

117

.938

1.28

117

.438

1.50

017

.000

1.75

016

.500

1.96

816

.064

2424

.000

WA

LLI.D

..2

5023

.500

.375

23.2

50.5

6222

.875

.375

23.2

50.6

8722

.626

.968

22.0

64.5

0023

.000

1.21

821

.564

1.53

120

.938

1.81

220

.376

2.06

219

.876

2.34

319

.314

3030

.000

WA

LLI.D

..3

1229

.376

.500

29.0

00.6

2528

.750

.375

+29

.250

+.5

0029

.000

+ +

4646

CONVERSIONS BETWEEN U.S. CUSTOMARY & SI UNITS

QuantityU.S

Customary Unit

Times Conversion

Factor

EqualsSI Unit

Area ft²in.²

0.0929645

m²mm²

Density(mass) slug / ft³ 515 kg/m³

Density(weight)

lb. / ft³lb. / in.³

157271

N / m³kN / m³

Force lbk

4.454.45

NkN

Force PerUnit Length

lb / ftlb / in.k / ftk / in.

14.617514.6175

N / mN / mkN / mkN / m

Lengthftin.mi

0.30525.41.61

mmmkm

Mass lb - s² / ft 14.6 kg

Pressure(stress)

psfpsiksfksi

47.9689047.96.89

PaPakPaMPa

Velocity(linear)

ft / sin. / s

0.3050.02540.4471.61

m / sm / sm / s

km / h

Volume

ft³in.³in.³gal.gal.

0.028316.4 x 10

16.43.79

0.00379

m³m³cm³

Lm³

To convert from SI to USCS units, divide by the conversion factor

TemperatureConversionFormulas

T º(C) = ─ [ T (ºF) - 32] T (ºF) = ─ T (ºC) + 32

T (K) = T (ºC) + 273.15 T (R) = T (ºF) + 459.67

59

95

-6

4042 Patton Way Bakersfi eld, CA 93308-5030Phone 661.587.2020 Fax 661.587.2022 Email [email protected] www.lortz.com

METAL EXPANSION JOINT DATA SHEETCustomer Date Page

Address: Phone Fax

Design Codes and Standards Contact EJMA

Email Address

ASME Section VIII EJ# or Tag # ANSI B31.3 Quantity Required

Nominal Diameter (Inches) STYLE – END DESIGNATION

W - Weld End Mat’l / Spec. F - Flange Rating / Mat’l Spec.

ENDFITTINGS

V - Vanstone Flange Design (PSIG) Operating (PSIG)

PRESSUREINT. / EXT

Test (PSIG) Design ( F) Operating ( F)

TEMPERATURE INT. / EXT.

Installation ( F)Media Internal / External Flow Velocity (Ft / Sec) FLOW MEDIA Flow Direction Axial Extension (in) Axial Compression (in) Lateral (in) Angular (deg)

DESIGN

Number of Cycles Axial Extension (in) Axial Compression (in) Lateral (in) Angular (deg)

OPERATING

Number of Cycles Axial Extension (in) Axial Compression (in) Lateral (in) Angular (deg)

MOVEMENTS

&

CYCLE

LIFE

INSTALLATION

Number of Cycles Axial (lb / in) Lateral (lb / in) SPRING

RATES Angular (lb / deg) Overall Length (in) Maximum O.D. (in) DIMENSIONSMinimum I.D. (in) Bellows LinerCover

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

Tie Rods Bellows Long Seam Weld Bellows Attachment Weld Piping Spec - NDE

QUALITY ASSURANCE

ASME U-2 Forms

Copyright Lortz Manufacturing Company 2008 = Mandatory Information

SU-WW

SU-VF

SH=HINGE

SG=GIMBAL

ST=TIE ROD

↑

UT-WWTIED UNIVERSAL

4042 Patton Way Bakersfi eld, CA 93308-5030Phone 661.587.2020 Fax 661.587.2022 Email [email protected] www.lortz.com

Notes

4 0 4 2 PAT T O N WAY BAKERSFIELD, CA 93308-5030

PHONE 661.587.2020FAX 661.587.2022


4042 PATTON WAY BAKERSFIELD, CA 93308-5030PHONE 661.587.2020 | FAX 661.587.2022


Documents

Bellows Book