Bell Ringer

Why might someone believe that farming was a more noble career than trade or manufacturing?

TOKUGAWA JAPAN

9-3

The Three Great Unifiers

End of the15th Century: Japan is in Chaos. Centralized power of the Shogunate failed.

Daimyo:Daimyo: Head of nobles families, controlled their own

lands and warred their neighbors. The process of unification began in the

late 16th century with three powerful political figures.

Oda Nobunaga

Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokugaw Leyasu

Europeans in Japan

Portuguese traders began to participate in regional trade between Japan, China, and Southeast Asia.

Japanese fascinated by tobacco, clocks, eyeglasses and other European goods.

Daimyo Daimyo interested in buying all types of European weapons.

Why would they be interested in Why would they be interested in buying European Weapons?buying European Weapons?

Jesuit Missionaries in Japan

The Jesuits converted thousands of Japanese by the end of the 16th Century. The Jesuit practice of destroying shrines

caused a severe reaction. In 1587, Hideyoshi issued an edict

prohibiting Christian activities Japan. Under Tokugawa leyasu all missionaries

were expelled and Japanese Christians persecuted.

Tokugawa Rule

Tokugawa rulers tried to control Japan’s fuedal system.

The state was divided into 250 territories called hans, or domains. Each ruled by a daimyo.

The Hostage System

How the shogunate controlled the daimyo. Daimyo had to maintain two residences.

1. Their own lands2. Lands in Edo, where the shogun lived.

During the great peace, samurai who served the daimyo managed their lands.

Economic and Social Changes A major economic change occurred

under the Tokugawa. Trade and manufacturing flourished in

Edo, Kyoto, and Osaka. By 1750, Edo was one of the world’s largest

cities with a population of almost one million.

A merchant class emerged, along with a banking and paper money system.

Economic Effects on Peasants Most peasants experienced declining

profits and rising costs. Many became tenant farmers or worked

as hired help. Almost 7,000 peasant revolts and

demonstration occurred due to high taxes in the Tokugawa era.

The Class System

The class system became rigid. Rulers established strict distinctions

among the four main classes.1. Warrior2. Peasants3. Artisans4. Merchants

Intermarriage was forbidden

Tokugawa Social Hierarchy

1. Emperor and Court2. Warrior Class including the shogun,

daimyo, samurai, and ronin (in order of importance)

3. Farmers4. Merchants considered lowest class

because the profited form the labor of others.

5. Eta, Japans outcasts.

The Role of Women

Women became more restricted in samurai class, where Confucian values were regarded highly.

The wife moved in with the husbands family. If she did not meet the families

expectation, the husband divorced her. Both sexes worked in the field.

Tokugawa Culture

New of cultural values began to appear. Literature:

Written by and for the townspeople. Much of this period’s literature was

lighthearted entertainment. Matsuo Basho: the greatest of all

Japanese poets

A new world of urban entertainment. Emphasized action, music, and dramatic

gestures. Plays dealt with the world of urban

teahouses and dance halls.

Assignment

Complete Chapter 9 Assessment: 1-17, 21-22 Answer’s only!!!!

Instructions for Halloween

Everyone is to bring in a Ghost Story. Preferably an “Alabama Ghost Story.”

2 paragraph research on the history of Halloween or “Trick or treating.” You may bring candy if you do this to

explain how candy become significant to Halloween.