HEALTHLesson 2

Bell Ringer:Read pg. 316-3211. What causes infectious disease?2. What are the different types of pathogens?3. How are infectious diseases spread?

Prevention and Control of Disease

PathogensDisease causing agents

that have the ability to make you sick or even cause death

They are found in the air and food and on nearly every object or person who you come in contact with

Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease

Uncontrollable Risk Factors

Heredity Chromosomal traits and family history

Aging Vulnerability increases with age

Environmental Conditions Unsanitary conditions, drugs, chemicals, and pollutants

Organism Resistance Some pathogens are resistant to our body’s defenses and/or

medical treatments

Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease

Controllable Risk FactorsStressNutritionPhysical fitness levelSleepDrug useHygieneHigh-risk behaviors

Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease

Routes of Pathogen TransmissionDirect Contact Touching, kissing, sexual relations

Indirect Contact Touching an object that an infected person has had contact with

Airborne Contact Breathing in air that carries

a pathogenFood-borne infection Eating something that is

contaminated by microorganisms

Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease

Routes of Pathogen TransmissionAnimal-borne pathogens Animals can spread diseases through bites, feces, or by

carrying infected insects into living areas

Water-borne diseases Transmitted from drinking water, from foods washed or

sprayed with contaminated water, or from wading or swimming in contaminated streams, lakes or reservoirs

Perinatal Mothers can transmit diseases to an infant in the womb or as

the baby passes through the vagina during birth

Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease

Bacteria Single-celled organisms There are several thousands of species, but only

about 100 cause diseases in humans Most of the time it is not the bacteria that is causing

the diseases, but it is the toxins that are produced by the bacteria

They can be seen under a standard microscope

Bacterial Diseases Staphylococcal Infections These bacteria are normally on our skin at all times and usually

do not cause problems When a cut or break in the skin occurs, the bacteria may enter

and cause an infection Acne, boils, styes (eyelid infections), wounds are common

staph infections

Bacterial Diseases Streptococcal

Infections Causes strep throat

and scarlet fever Pneumonia One form is caused by a bacterial

infection with the following symptoms chronic cough, chest pain, chills, high fever, fluid accumulation and eventual respiratory failure

Bacterial infections are commonly handledwith antibiotics

Bacterial Diseases Legionnaire’s Disease A water-borne disease with

symptoms similar to those of pneumonia

Tuberculosis (TB) An airborne disease where

bacteria infiltrate the lungs and cause a chronic inflammatory reaction

Symptoms include coughing, weight loss, fever and spitting up blood

Viruses Minute parasitic microbes that live inside another

cell Over 150 viruses are known to cause diseases in

humans

Viruses Viral diseases are hard to treat because many can withstand heat,

chemicals and large doses of radiation with little effect on their structure.

A virus once it enters the body - lies dormant and it becomes manageable with a healthy immune system.

What diseases are caused by viruses?

Smallpox The common cold Measles Chickenpox Hepatitis Influenza Human papilloma virus Shingles Herpes Polio Rabies Ebola HIV (virus that causes AIDS) Cold sores

VirusesHow are viruses prevented and treated? Viral infections require either vaccinations to prevent them or

antiviral drugs to treat them.

Vaccinations are generally the cheapest and most effective way to prevent viruses.

Currently, vaccinations exist for polio, measles, mumps, rubella, and smallpox among others.

In fact, vaccinations have been instrumental in eliminating diseases such as smallpox and reducing other viral diseases to extremely rare status.

Virus vaccinations consist of a weakened form of the virus (live-attenuated viruses) or viral proteins called antigens.

Viral Diseases The Common Cold There may be over 200 different viruses responsible Carried into the nose and throat most

of the time Stress, allergies,

and menstrual cycles appear to increase susceptibility

Viral Diseases Influenza (flu) Symptoms include aches and pains, nausea, diarrhea, fever,

and cold like ailments In healthy people, it is usually not serious However, when

combined with other disorders, among the elderly, those with respiratory or heart disease, children under 5 the flu can be very serious

Viral Diseases Mononucleosis (mono or the kissing disease) Symptoms include sore throat, fever, headache, nausea, chills,

weakness or tiredness, lymph nodes may swell, jaundice, spleen enlargement, aching joints, and body rashes may occur

May be transmitted through body fluids but does not appear to be easily contracted through normal, everyday contact

Viral Diseases Hepatitis Causes inflammation of the liver Symptoms include fever, headache, nausea, loss of

appetite, skin rashes, pain in the upper right abdomen, dark yellow urine, and jaundice

Viral Diseases Hepatitis A (HAV)

Contracted from eating food or drinking water contaminated with human feces

Hepatitis B (HBV) Spread through body fluids, usually during unprotected sex Can lead to liver disease or liver cancer

Hepatitis C (HBC) Some cases can be traced from people who share needles, blood

transfusions or organ transplants Usually causes chronic infections and if not treated may cause cirrhosis of

the liver, liver cancer, or liver failure

Viral Diseases Measles Symptoms appear about 10 days after

exposure and include an itchy rash and a high fever and may lead to other problems such as rheumatic heart disease, kidney damage and neurological disorders

Can you answer the following questions?1. Which pathogen is curable with antibiotics?a. Fungus

b. Bacteria

c. Virus

d. Parasite

II. Which pathogen is manageable but will lie dormant in your system?

a. Fungus

b. Protozoa

c. Virus

d. Parasite

Other Pathogens Fungi Multicellular or unicellular primitive

plants that inhabit our environment Many are useful providing food such

as mushrooms and cheeses Some produce infections

Candidiasis (vaginal) Athlete’s foot Ringworm Jock itch

Other Pathogens Protozoa

Microscopic, single-celled organisms that can cause disease Trichomoniasis transmitted sexually

Giardiasis found in water

MalariaVia mosquitoes

Other Pathogens Parasitic Worms Usually associated with eating raw fish Cooking fish and other foods to high temperatures will kill the

worms and their eggs to prevent infestation Pinworms Tapeworms

Match the descriptions to the microorganisms

Microorganism DescriptionVirus Have a cell wall. Thousands of them can

fit onto a single full stop. Can reproduce on their own.

Bacteria Can only be seen with powerful microscopes. Cannot reproduce on their own. Take over living cells in order to reproduce.

Fungus Vary in size from microscopic to much larger organisms. Some grow on skin and can make skin red and sore. Can reproduce on their own.

Date and answer these in your Journal!

Match the descriptions to the microorganismsMicroorganism Description

Virus Can only be seen with powerful microscopes. Cannot reproduce on there own. Take over living cells in order to reproduce.

Bacteria Have a cell wall. Thousands of them can fit onto a single full stop. Can reproduce on their own.

Fungus Vary in size from microscopic to much larger organisms. Some grow on skin and can make skin red and sore. Can reproduce on their own.

SummaryThere are three types of microorganism _____, bacteria and fungi. Some microorganisms can cause _______. These microorganisms can _______ cells or produce _______. Our body has ________ to protect us from disease. Some disease are not caused by microorganisms, these are called __________ diseases.

disease defences lifestyle virus toxins damage

Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease

SummaryThere are three types of micro-organisms virus, bacteria and fungi. Some microorganisms can cause disease. These microorganisms can damage cells or produce toxins. Our body has defences to protect us from disease. Some disease are not caused by microorganisms, these are called lifestyle diseases.

disease defences lifestyle virus toxins damage

Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease

Study packet Using this power point and your book if necessary

answer the questions under # 13