Beaux-Arts Classicism, 1885-1930

Ecole des Beaux-Arts (Paris, France)– American architects

Richard Morris Hunt, Louis Sullivan, H.H. Richardson, William Robert Ware, Charles Follen McKim, Bernard Maybeck, Julia Morgan, Thomas Hastings

Beaux-Arts principles: Composition and symmetry

Exuberance and projection

Julien Guadet codified the Beaux-Arts principles

a. Investigation of the proper expression for a building

b. Site location, climate always modify expression

c. Simply constructible compositions

d. Truthful architectural compositions-no shams

e. Perceivable visual strength in the structure

f. Easy admittance of air and light

g. Composition proceeds by necessary compromises

Philadelphia Memorial Hall, 1876

Herman J. Schwarzmann, Designed for Centennial Exposition, 1876

Administration building (top rt)Palace of Fine Arts (right)

Agriculture building

Transportation building (interior)

Beaux-ArtsCharacteristics

Porticos, pavilions, rich details

Grand stairways and vaulted interiors

Balustrades

Statuary and sculpture

Elaborated windows

Domes

1889-1897, Washington, D.C. Smithmeyer and Pelz

Library of CongressWashington, DC, 1889-97

Library of CongressWashington, DC, 1889-97

Library of CongressWashington, DC, 1889-97

Library of Congress

Reading Room ceiling

interior stair

Union StationColumbus, Ohio, 1897

Pennsylvania StationNew York, 1903-10

(McKim, Mead, and White)

Pennsylvania StationNew York, 1903-10

Pennsylvania Station, 1903-1910 Grand Central Terminal 1903-1913

Union Station, Washington D.C., 1903-1906, Daniel Burnham.

Handley Library, Wincester, VA, 1908-1913, J. Stewart Barney and Henry Otis Chapman

Governor’s MansionFrankfort, Kentucky, 1914

District BuildingWashington, DC

Return to Classicism

Reaction to the picturesque

Return to classicism during a time of change

Social upheaval and new immigrants

Return to the Colonial past and the search for order

Neoclassicism and the new American empire

Neoclassicism, 1895-1950Restrained classicism

Monumental scale: large columns and colossal porticos

Modern windows

Broad Street Station, Richmond, Va John Russell Pope, 1913

Lincoln MemorialWashington, DC, 1913-22

Lincoln Memorial, Henry Bacon, 1922

Jefferson MemorialWashington, DC, 1939-1943

Jefferson Memorial, John Russell Pope

Albright-Knox Art Gallery,Buffalo, NY, 1905

Albright Gallery, Buffalo, NY, Edward Brodhead Green, 1905

Williams HouseBuffalo, NY, 1895

Swan House, Atlanta, Georgia1928

Château Style, 1880-1910

Building in the manner of French Renaissance architecture of French country houses (châteaux) built in the Loire Valley

Cross windows (croisette)

Hip roof

Smooth surface

Tower with conical roof

Wall dormers

Biltmore, Asheville, NC

Richard Morris Hunt, 1890-1895

Charles Gates Dawes House, Evanston, IL

Henry Edwards Ficken, 1894