Be Instrumentation and Control

B. E. INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL

406261 - Biomedical Instrumentation-I

(Elective –I)

Teaching scheme Examination scheme

Lectures : 4 Hrs / Week Theory : 100 Marks

Practical : 2 Hrs/ week Oral : 50 Marks

a. Cell structure, basic cell function, origin of biopotentials, electrical activity

of cells, biological control concepts.

b. Central Nervous Systems, Receptors: sensory pathways and motor systems,

Processing sensory information, neural, neuro-muscular and sensory muscular

and sensory measurements, biofeedback, evoked response, Electroencephalogram

(EEG).

c. Cardio-vascular system, structure of heart, rythmicity, pacemaker cell, ECG

theory , cardiac cycle, heart sounds, cardiac output, blood pressure.

d. Cardio-vascular instrumentation: ECG electrodes, different types of ECG

monitoring equipments, phono, vector, and echo-cardiograph, life saving

devices pacemakers and defibrillators, heart-lung machine

e. Biosignal amplifiers and signal processing, basic requirement, Op-amp circuits,

transient protection, interference reduction circuits, active filters, rate

measurement, averaging and integrator circuits.

f. Instrumentation in Ophthalmology.

Books :

1. Human Physiology: The mechanism of body function by vander, Sherman,

TMH Ed. 1981

2. Medicine and clinical Engg. by jacobsons and Webster , PHI

3. introduction to Biomedical equipments technology by carr and brown

4. handbook of biomedical instrumentation by r.s. Khandpur, TMH.

5. biomedical digital signal processing by Tompkins.

406161 - Environmental Instrumentation

Elective- I




a. Environmental Definition, Constituents, biochemical cycle, causes of pollution,

types of pollution and their measurements, effects of pollution, Different sensors

for measurement of pollution, difference between off-line Measurement and

continuous monitoring.

b. Environmental Toxicology and Hazards. Common toxic agents, their analysis and

safety measures, environmental regulations and standards.

c. Review of standard methods of pollution analysis, Sampling Operations, Devices

and techniques as related to environmental engineering.

d. Air Pollution Analysis : Analysis of Aerosols and Monitoring of gaseous

pollutants like SO2, H2S, NO-Nox, CO-CO2, Ozone, NH3 and organic gases,

Vapor analysis, Monitoring of suspended particulate matter and trace metal

pollutants.

e. Water Pollution Analysis Physical Examination – color, conductivity,

temperature , odour , turbidity, hardness. Chemical Characterization – Ca 2+,

Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, SO4 2+, HCO3-, Al3+, Ba2+Boron, F-, NO2-, PO4 3-, Fe3+

Mn2-, SiO2 2-, Biological Investigations – DO, BOD, bacteriological

examination, and types of water quality monitoring instrumentation (pH meters,

conductivity meters etc.)

f. Effluent Analysis: Physical Methods of characterization: density, viscosity,

temperature, conductivity, turbidity, volatile, and dissolved solids, oil and

immiscible liquids, color, odour, radioactivity, and analysis of organic pollutants.

BOD, COD, TOC, Specific analysis of Organic pollutants, Analysis of metal

pollutants, Analysis of anion and dissolved gases dissolved oxygen, pH,

dissolved chlorides, suspended solids, nitrogen, sludge index.

g. Soil pollution and Pesticide Analysis: Analysis of Micronutrients, trace element

pesticides, Chromatographic Characterization, Polarographic and Spectroscope

Analysis of pesticides.

h. (a) Noise pollution and its Measurement: Units, Devices and maps Noise

Control System. (b) Radiation pollution and its Measurement and Control.

i. Instrumentation Setup for different types of pollution control like wastewater

treatment, HVAC Control etc.

j. Environmental testing, Dry heat, Dry cold, Damp heat, Salt Spray, Dust,

Altitude bump, Vibration Drop/Topple, free fall and study of ISO 14001.

Books:

1. Envioronmental pollution analysis by S.M. Khopkar 1st Ed. Wiley eastern

1993

2. Basic comcepts of Analysis chemistry by S. M. Khopkar

3. Environmental Engg. by Peary H.S. and other.

4. Sensor system for Environmental monitoring by Campbell

5. Basic Environmental technology : (Ed. 1997 ) by J. A. Nathanson

6. environmetal tech series, V,I,II,III, IV, by Neal K. Ustler.

Practicals

1 study of procedure for off-line measurement of CO content in air

2 study of on line NO-NOx monitoring procedure/ instruments.

3 Study of measurement of hardness of raw water

4 Study of measurement of dissolved chlorine in industrial wastewater

or treated water

5 Study of measurement of organochlorine pesticides by thin layer

chromatography

6 Measurement of sound intensity at given location using noise meter

7 Study of measurement of dissolved oxygen in effluent

8 Any tow experiments based on above two topics

406261 - Power Electronics

Elective-I




a. Introduction to Power Devices: Diodes, transistors, MOSFETs, IGBTs,

characteristics of Thyristors and triggering devices, specifications, switching

methods.

b. Static Circuit Breakers, Over Voltage Protectors, zero Voltage Switch, Snubber

circuits, integral cycle triggering, time delay circuit, soft start circuits of

Thyristors. Thyristors communication techniques.

c. AC Voltage regulators, Introduction to polyphase circuit-utility factor, Power

factor improvement.

d. Introduction to DC to DC converters, Line commuted converters, Half wave

and full wave controlled rectifiers, Half controlled, Fully Controlled single phase

and three phase rectifiers with resistive and inductive loads.

e. Series inverters using SCR and bridge inverters using IGBT with resistive and

inductive loads, feedback diodes, static switches, PWM inverters and Harmonic

Filters.

f. Introduction to Ac and Dc motor control using Thyristors, Block Schematic and

simple circuits, DC shunt motor speed control and regulation. Ac and DC

drives, Digital Dc drives, Field oriented control drives, I/O interface and Drive

Communication. Smart motor controllers. Modern motor management with

control and protection system.

g. Power Supplies: Series and Shunt Regulators, CC/CV Regulators, Power

Supply Protections, High Voltage and High Current Power Supplies, SMPS,

UPS.

h. Design of servo amplifier, Stepper motor driver.

i. Device Dissipation and protection, Line filters, Cooling of Diodes and

Thyristors, Heat sink design considerations, mounting techniques.

j. Induction, Dielectric Heating and Resistance Welding. Step up and Step down

choppers.

Books

a. power electronics by M.H. Rashid, 2nd edition PHI

b. power electronics by P. C. Sen, TMH

c. an introduction to thyristors and their applications by M. Rammurthi (TMH)

d. thyristor phase control converters and cycloconverters by B. R. Pelly

e. power supplies by B. S. Sonde.

f. Power electronics by Dev.

g. Variable speed drives (ISA)

Practicals

1-2. study of device characteristics : SCR, Diac, Tric, IGBT, Measurement of latching

and holding current di/dt and dv/dt.

3-4. study of scr, switching: static and zero voltage switching, bias, impulse and phase

control

5. thyristor applications: crowbar circuits, solid state relays etc

6-7. study pf inverter

8-9. up based speed control of AC and DC motors

10. study of regulated power supply with short circuit protection

11 study of SMPS and UPS

12. study of AC voltage regulator

13. study polyphase rectifiers.

14. study of power amplifiers for driving servomotor and stepper motor.

15. stepper motor drives using IC’s L 297/298.

16. step down chopper using IGBT.

406261 - Reliability Engineering

(Elective-I)




a. Review of Probability Theory: Set Theory, Conditional Events Random Variables

Expected Value, Variance and Standard Deviation Stochastic process-Markov

Chain, Poisson Process Sampling theory point Estimation, Interval estimation,

Simple Linear Regression, Chi Square test, Confidence Interval.

b. Concept of reliability definition, Distinction between Quality and reliability,

failures, availability, Maintainability, (MTBF, MTTF, MTTR) Life Cycle and

Bath tub curve.

c. Reliability Modeling Exponential, Weibull and Gamma Distribution, Hazard rate

and Derivation of MTTF Failure Density Function, Cumulative Distribution

Function and Reliability, function system Transition Diagrams and Markov

Chain modeling concurrent and sequential systems. Component and

Operational Modes.

d. Reliability Prediction: Life Testing and Accelerated Life testing Burn-in and

Initial Failure removal. Parameter Determination-Maximum Likelihood

Estimate, Least Square Estimate.

e. Reliability Improvement: Redundancy Techniques – Cold/Warm/Hot standby.

Expression for Redundant system, reliability using K-out of-N system. Fault

Tolerance: Definition, Fault Tolerance Vs Fault Detection, and N- modular

redundancy, Majority Voting Algorithm. Optimization of cost with Reliability

Improvement - Simplex Algorithm, Newton-Raphson Root Finding Algorithm..

f. (a) Fault Monitoring and Diagnosis- FMEA technique (b) Fault Diagnosis of

Digital Systems. Types of Faults. Methods of Test Generation-Combinational and

sequential Circuits. Methods of Fault Simulation. Fault Dictionaries.

g. Software Reliability: Musas Model, Bug Seeding model.Execution Time and

Calendar Time Models Fault Tolerance and N-Version. Programming Reliability

Allocation. Failure time adjustment for evolving programs.

h. Product Quality: Variance Reports, Control Charts and SQC. TQM-Deming’s 16

Principles. ISO 9000 series Quality Standards-Quality system, Procedure,

Documentation, Certification Policies, Organization and Results Just in Time

Vs Just in Case. Quality Control of a project-ETVX criteria 6 sigma

product/service Quality Audit.

Books

1. Reliability engginering balguruswamy

2. Life testing and parameter estimation – Kale and Sinha

3. Software reliability –musa iannino and okumoti

4. faulty diagnosis of digital systems change, manning and metze

5. iso 9000 quality manuals

406262 - Project Engineering And Management

(A) Project Engineering:




a. Definition of Project Purpose, scope, time, quantity, and organization structure.

b. Basic and Detailed Engineering: Degree of Automation, Manpower

considerations, Inter-department and inter organization interactions, Multi

Agency Interaction.

c. Process flow sheets, P & I diagrams, Interlock diagrams, Instrumentation

standards and practices, Legends and Symbols, Instrument Index Sheets,

Specifications (typical examples of instrument specifications and control system

specifications).Instrumentation symbols and Identifications (ANSI/ISA-5.1).

d. System integration approach of a project: Measurement, Signal processing

(SMART), Communication and networking, control and analysis and overall

company wide data and information management. (Field level, Control level

and Management Information System Level). Plant layouts, general arrangement

drawing (Plans and Elevations). Selection criteria for equipment at different levels

of automation and role of hydraulics, pneumatic electronic devices and systems.

e. Cable Engineering: Different classes of conductors and their routines and

NEMA Standards. Types and specifications of cables, cable schedule, routing

of cables, types of glands, ferruling and terminations.

f. Process function diagrams and interlock, interface diagrams.

g. I & C Documentation: Process Flow Diagrams, P & ID’s specification sheets,

loop diagrams, ladder diagrams, wiring diagrams, isometrics, and installation

detail drawing, bill of material, control panel drawing, instrument data sheet.

Document control as per ISA standards. Check lists legend sheets, instrument

catalogues. Test and process reports.

h. Documentation software to create, modify add, revise and update I & C

documentation. (P & I’s clip symbols by ISA, S-20 spec form II for windows by

ISA, Instrument forms plus by ISA standard Library ).

i. Procurement Activities: Vendor registration, tendering and bidding process, bid

evaluation, purchase order, vendor documents, drawing and reports as

necessary at above activities. Construction Activities: Site conditions and

planning, front availability, Installation and commissioning activities and

documents required/generated at this stage, On-site inspection and testing (SAT)

installation sketches, bill of material, contracting, cold commissioning and hot

commissioning, CAT (Customer Acceptance Test), Perform trials and final

handover.

j. Control console, centers and panels : Types, Design, Inspection, and

specification. Intelligent operator interface (IOI).

k. Fieldbus Wiring : Terminator, Power Conditioners, Spurs, Segments, and

repeaters. Networking: Hubs, routes, LAN cards, and Cat cables.

(B) PROJECT MANAGEMENT:

a. Management Functions: Controlling, Directing, project authority, responsibility,

accountability, interpersonal influences and standard communication format,

project reviews.

b. Project Planning and Scheduling Life Cycle Phases, the statement of work

(SOW), Project specifications, milestone schedules, work breakdown

structures, cost breakdown structure and the planning cycle, overview planning

and execution mode (conceptual focus, design, implementation, operation and

support transition).

c. Cost and Estimation: Types of Estimates, pricing process, salary overheads,

labor hours, material and support costs.

d. Program evaluation and review techniques (PERT) and critical Path Method:

Network fundamentals, slack time network planning, estimating activity time

and total program time, Total PERT and CPM planning crash times, software

used in project management, software features and classification evaluation

and implementation.

Books

1. Applied instrumetation in process industries Andrew and Williams (gulf

publishing)

2. Process control instruments engineers handbook by liptak

3. Project manangement a system approach to planning scheduling and controlling

by hardlod kerzner 5th edition (van nostrand reinhold publishing)

4. Management systems by john bacon (ISA)

5. Batch control systems by T.G. Fisher (ISA)

6. instrument installation project management (ISA)

Practicals

1. Study of std. and symbols (OIS)

2. Study of specification sheets of sensors, transmitters control valves tec.

3. P & I diagram of typical process

4. Wiring diagram

5. Cable scheduling

6. GA and mimic giagram of a control panel

7. Control diagrams of typical process unit (boiler, heat exchanger, distillation

column etc)

8. Experiments on engg software packages and management software such as MS

project PRIMAVERA

9. Study of typical Indian projects like fertilizer cement power industries and project

methodologies adopted by them

10. Preparation of inquiry, quotation, comparative statement, purchase orders ,

SAT,FAT and CAT Inspection report for control panel/transmitter/control valve /

recorder

406263 – Process Instrumentation – I




a. Design aspect and selection criteria for flow, temperature pressure and level

transducers, SMART and intelligent transmitter, with control capability, hand

held terminal specification standards and recommended practices for

instruments, fieldbus components and fieldbus controller. Designing Analog

and Digital Signal Conditioners (mV to 0-5V to 4-20mA, 0-5V to 0-FFH).

Photoelectric and Proximity Sensors. Safety Switches and limit switches.

b. Control valve design- Designing control valve for gas, vapor and liquid. Effects

and remedies of cavitations, flashing condition, noise, control valve linearizer,

valve auxiliary parts, flow characteristics of valve, control effects of load

changes, high pressure and high temperature service control valve, Install

rangeability and viscosity correction for control valve. Control Valve application

and selection, valve sizing by ANSI/ISA-S-75.01 std. Valve capacity testing by

ANSI/ISA-S-75.02 std. Control valve seat leakage, Valve noise calculation and

reduction methods. Smart valve packages. Intelligent smart actuators, design

considerations for actuators. (Solenoid, Pneumatic, Hydraulic, digital Field bus

actuators.)

c. Process characteristics: Types of Processes (Dead time, single and

multicapacity, Self and non-self regulating, interacting and non-interacting,

linear and non-linear processes), Process gains, process reaction curve, process

time constant and constant step analysis method for finding time constant, Dead

time. Dynamic elements in control loops. PID control of processes. Process

simulators.

d. Analysis and properties of some common loops: Flow, pressure level,

temperature, composition, pH etc. Linear and non linear controllers, review of

PID with limitations (offset, saturation in D, & reset windup) rate before reset,

PID variations, and tuning, Digital controller (position and velocity algorithms,

effect of sampling time) hardware structures, features and specification, Single

loop and multiloop controllers and the application programs (PID, Timer,

Counter, Dead time, lead lag, linearization, add-subtract-mul-div. Of two input

signals temp, pressure compensation of gas flow, sq. root, median selector, pattern

program, ratio set, adaptive gain, feed forward, valve linearizer etc.) non linear

controller-two state, three state, proportional time, dual mode optimal

switching.

e. Multiloop and multivariable process control systems : Feed back, Feed forward

control, FB-FT-CS, cascade control, ratio control, auto selective control, spit

range control. Interaction and decoupling control system, C-M Relative Process

gain Matrices (RPG) and applications. Robust control statistical process controls.

f. Intelligent Controllers: Model Based Controller (Self tuning and Model

Reference Adaptive Controller). Optimal Controller Using Kalman Filter,

Predictive Controller, Expert System (KBS) and Expert Controllers (AI Based),

Fuzzy Logic Systems and Fuzzy Controllers, Artificial Neural networks and ANN

Controller, Neuro-Fuzzy Control System.

Books

1. Process control systems by F. G. Shinskey (TMH)

2. Process control by B./ G. Liptak ( Chilton)

3. Computer Based industrial control by Krishna kant (PHI)

4. Feedback controllers tuning, applications and desing by F. G. Shinskey

(TMH)

5. Tunning of PID controllers (ISA)

6. ISA handbook of control valves

7. Process instrumentation and control handbook by considline (MGH)

8. Process control instrumentation by C. D. Johnson (PHI)

9. Continuous process control (ISA)

10. Smart sensors ISA

11. Statistical process Control ISA

12. Multivariable process control ISA

Practicals

1. Programming of plc with advanced instructions

2. Study and analysis of flow / level pressure control loop

3. Design oft temp. / level / flow/ pressure transducers

4. Study and configuration of smart transmitter

5. Desing of pneumatic /electric actuator

6. Designing of control value for liquid / gas/ vapour applications

7. Study of signal loop programmable controller

8. Implementation of cascade controller

9. Design and implementation ratio controller

10. Study of special purpose values

11. Design of orifice / ventrui as per BS 1042

406264 - Digital Control




a Introduction to discrete control systems, block diagram, mathematical model,

application of Z transform and linear difference equations to digital control

systems, definition of pulse transfer function, effect of sampling rate and its

selection, definition of stability in discrete control systems, stability analysis

using jury’s stability test, Bilinear transformation and its application to stability

analysis.

b. Digital PID controller and its transfer function, velocity and positional forms of

PID controller and its algorithms. Design considerations of digital controllers,

dead beat response and ringing of poles.

c. System identification: purpose, sine wave testing, pulse testing and finding

transfer function experimentally for various processes, on line identification

techniques like recursive analysis.

d. State space analysis of digital control systems : State description of digital control

systems, systems with dead time, solutions of state equations, pulse transfer

function realization, discrete state transition matrix, similarity transformations.

Simulation of direct digital control.

e. Controllability and Observability, introduction to state variable feedback, effect of

state variable feedback on stability, Pole placement design and state observers and

Liapunov stability analysis.

f. Optimal control: parameter optimization and optimal control problems, quadratic

performance index, optimal state regulator design.

g. Introduction to advanced control strategies: Effects of dead time on system

performance and Smith’s predictor algorithm, non linear and adaptive control, self

tuning control, model based control, Dynamic matrix control algorithms.

h. Introduction to multivariable control systems, stability, Resiliency, interaction:

relative gain array and inverse Nyquist array, de-coupling, multivariable DMC

and IMC.

i. Robotics and Automation systems: Introduction to robotics, classes of Robots,

arms, end effectors, sensors for Robot vision, application of AI and expert

systems for Robotics and case study of microprocessor or microcontroller based

Robot arm control, Robot components and operations, close loop and open loop

control for different parameters, motion control (point to point, continuous, joint

interpolated and line control), intelligent Robot programming and applications of

Robot.

j. Networking of sensors and control systems in manufacturing systems (CIM)

advanced sensors in precision manufacturing applications and in flexible

manufacturing systems (FMS). Servo controlled systems and CNC control

machines.

Books

1. Discrete control systems – K ogata

2. Digital control engginering M Gopal

3. Application concepts of process control systems murry ISA

4. Process control handbook B. G. Liptak

5. Process modeling, simulation and control for chemical engineers – luyben

6. Chemical process control george stephanopoulus PHI

7. Digital control systems vol I & II Isermann Narosa publications

8. Digital control sytems B. C. Kuo 1997 ed.

9. Robotics by HALL and HALL , HIS

10. Sensors and control systems in manufacturing by sorbrie soloman (MGH)

11. Adaptive control systems by LANDAU

12. Designing linear and non linear control systems with MATLAB-K. Ogata ,

PHI,MATLAB curriculum series

Practicals:

(1) Implemetation of PID algotithms like dead beat controller.

(2) Finding frequency response of discrete control system.

(3) Solving state equations of discrete time system.

(4) Implementing optimal state regulator

(5) State observer formulation

(6) Study of self – funning PID algorithms

(7) Study of adaptive control algorithms

(8) Observing interaction and non interaction in a multivariable control system

(9) Finding transfer function of DC motor

(10) Study of any type of robots

406265 - DCS and Communication Protocols



a. Applications of PLC’s, specifications of advanced PLC’s, input speed modules,

modular controller, high speed counter, remote input-output scanner,

communication module, limit switches, scan time, watchdog timer. PLC

programmer and its features, programming instructions, input output timer

counter, bit comparison FIFO LIFO branch instructions etc. System

configuration: hardware, system sizing and selection, wiring diagram, PLC

installation, operator interrupts, interfacing to PC and field bus, programming

languages, ladder diagram, Boolean and statement.

b. Development of ladder diagram and / flow chart or sequence map or data flow

diagram, primitives, state diagrams for following complex processes – two state

control system, sequential system, automatic door opening in hot chambers,

cooling process, batch process, batch reactor control sequences, tank level control,

auto resistance welding sequence, etc. Programmable Cam switch, conveyor

system, indexing machine, sequence map, two speed motor sequencer, traffic

control system, compressor interlocks, process kiln sequencers, etc.

c. Hierarchical organization for a process computer control and computer system

structure for a manufacturing complex process, centralized and distributed control

concept. Lower level and higher level computer tasks and duties. Functional

requirements of DPCS. Aims of plant automation and distributed computer

control systems and sub systems. DPCS system configuration and integration with

PLCs and computers.

d. Overview of DPCS, system architectures, data base organization, DPCS elements,

comparison of different DPCS, configuration of control unit, work station and its

key function and function chart.DCS displays, standard and user defined displays,

graphic display, trend display, group display, annunciator display, etc Data

communication links and protocols: communication hierarchy network

requirements, ISO reference models, transmission media, network topology,

internet working, data transmission, bus access methods, MAP and TOP

protocols, features and capabilities of various field buses, comparison of

MODBUS, PROFIBUS, FIPBUS, etc.MAP field bus components and controller,

integration of FB within MAP oriented DPCS Industrial open automation system,

open loop connectivity and open communication network of DEVICENET,

CONTROLNET, ETHERNET and their functions, design transmission, etc.

Communication software, cable connection configuration. DCS control functions:

control unit sequential control, system maintenance, utility process reporting

function, etc.

e. Software algorithms: system software, application software and communication

software, library function, and multiple use of functional blocks in DCSTypes of

algorithms: input signal conditioning, data acquisition, and signal processing

dynamic compensation functions, PIDs, sequential adaptive optimal control,

structo-grams and programming.

Books

(1) Distributed computer control for industrial automation by propovie and

Bhatkar(Dekker).

(2) Process control by B.G.Liptak ( Chilton).

(3) Computer based Industrial control by Krishna kant(PHI).

(4) Up-based process control by C.D.Johnson (PHI).

(5) Process control instrumentation technology by C.D.Johnson(4th ed)(PHI).

(6) Programmable logic controller by J.D.Otter ( PHI).

(7) Industrial Programmable controller ( ISA).

(8) Safety Barrier manual.

(9) NIST manual on Instrumentation 99.

(10) Allen-Bradely Automation Systems manual.

406267 - Project Design


Practical : 2 Hrs/ week (Sem.I) Term Work : 100 Marks

6 Hrs/ Week (Sem II) Oral : 50 Marks

The project selected should be such so as to ensure the satisfaction of the urgent

need to establish a direct link between education, national development and

productivity and thus reduce the gap between the world of work and the world of

study. The term work will consist of a report prepared by the student on projects

allotted to them. It may be used entirely on study and analysis of a typical

instrumentation and control system, experimental verification or design

fabrication, testing and calibration of instrumentation system. The oral

examination will be based on the above report and work.

406268 - Biomedical Instrumentation – Ii

(Elective Ii)




a. Electrodes, electrolyte electrode interface, stability of electrode potential, circuit

models, surface internal disposable and disposable types of electrodes, pH2, pO,

pCO electrodes.

b. Transducer for biomedical application, displacement , velocity, flow , pressure

and temperature bio sensors

c. Blood pressure – direct and indirect measurement, blood flow and volume

measurement, plethysmography

d. Intensive care unit, telemetry, operating room instrumentation, electro surgical

instruments, analytical equipments, conventional and automated instrumentation

in dentistry

e. Electrical safety : significance of electrical danger, physiological effects of

electrical currents, ground shock hazards, methods of accident prevention

f. Imaging system: X-ray image intensifier, CT and Ultrasound scanners, nuclear

methods, thermography, endoscopy, etc.

g. Myoelectric voltage, muscle stimulation, EMG evoked response, prosthetic and

orthotic devices

h. Mechanics of breathing, O/CO transport between lungs and tissue cells,

regulation of respiration, artificial respiration, hypo/hyper barism, respiratory

instrumentation

i. Regulation of water and electrolyte balance, kidney structure, filtration and re-

absorption renal acid based control, artificial kidney, dialysis system, etc.

j. Recent developments in biomedical instrumentation, instrumentation in cryogenic

and laser.

Books

1. Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology by carr and Brown.

2. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement by Cromwell , PHI.

3. Biomedial Instrumentation by Dr.M.Arumugam , Anuradha Publishers, 1992.

4. Handbook of biomedial Instrumentation by R.S.Khandpur , THM.

5. Biomedical Digital Signal processing by Tompkins.

Practical

Student are expected to perform minumum 8 experiments based on above topic.

406268 - Power Plant Instrumentation

(Elective Ii)




a. Power plant : unit overview, types of boilers, turbine generators, condensers,

variable speed pumps and fans, material handling systems

b. Comparison of thermal power plant, hydro electric power plant, nuclear power

plant, solar power plant, boiler safety standards, boiler inspection procedures.

c. Boiler instrumentation: control and optimization, combustion control, air to fuel

ratio control, three element drum level control, steam temperature and pressure

control, boiler interlocks, sequence event recorder, data acquisition systems,

optimization techniques (fuzzy logic).

d. Automation strategy of thermal power plant, PLC, DCS, SCADA and open

system application, block schematic, control equipments, boiler automation,

diagnostic functions and protection, digital, electro-hydraulic governor, man-

machine interface, software system, variable pressure control.

e. Turbine instrumentation, speed calculation, valve actuation, auto startup, thermal

stress control, condition monitoring and power distribution instrumentation

f. Hydro electric power generation, regulation and monitoring of voltage and

frequency of output power, pollution and effluent monitoring and control

g. Power generation using non-conventional energy, power plant safety and

redundancies

h. Nuclear power generation and control station.

Books

1. Energy Technology Handbook by Considine D.M.(MGH).

2. Process Control by B.G.Liptak ( Chiton).

3. Solor Energy Technology Vol.I and II by Dickinson and Cheremisinoff (

Dekker).

4. Computer based Industrial Control by Krishna Kant ( PHI).

5. Distributed Computer Control for Industrial Automation by Popovic and

Bhatkar(Dekker).

6. Efficient Boiler Operation Source Book by Payne and Thompson.

7. Energy management handbook by W.C.Tumer.

Practical

Students are expected to perform minimum 8 experiment based on above topics.

406268 - Process Modelling and Optimisation

(Elective Ii)




a. Vapor and liquid systems, ideal and non-ideal gases, vivial equation of state for

gases, ideal and non-ideal gas and liquid mixtures, rould’s law, dalton’s law and

positive and negative deviation from ideality, concept of chemical potential

fugacity, activity and activity coefficient, Gibb’s Duhein equation and its

integrated forms

b. Kinetics and reactors, rate equations for simple first, second and third reactions in

batch reactor, their integrated forms in conversion and concentration units,

complex reaction simulation, consecutive chain and complex order systems, effect

of different feed concentrations, reactor’s batch, temperature control in flow and

non-flow reactor and isothermal and adiabatic reactors.

c. Equipment cost, operational and capitalized costs, time value of money,

profitability, application of these concepts to thermal insulations, rate of

production, cyclic and semi-cyclic operations like plate and frame filter press,

continuous filtration, distillation, evaporators, modeling of heat exchangers,

compressor

d. Modeling process system via digital computers, writing differential equations for

systems, like Runge-kutta method, Euler’s method, Newton-Raphson method,

Adam’s-Bashforth method.

e. Process Identification: Purpose, time domain fitting of step test data, sine wave

testing, pulse testing, step testing and on-line identification.

f. Optimization Techniques and applications: Single and multivariable optimization,

line programming, sequential, quadratic programming and reduced gradient

optimisation techniques and applications. Introduction to geometric programming

and dynamic programming.

Books

1. Process Modeling , Simulation and Control for Chemical engineers by

W.L.Luyben McGraw Hill, 1973.

2. Optimization of Chemical Process by edagar and Himmelblau.

3. Practical Process Instrumentation and Control by J.Malley , McGraw Hill.

4. System simulation with digital Computer by Deo Narsingh , PHI.

5. Design of Thermal Systems by W.F.Stoecker , Intl , Education McGraw Hill

1989.

Practicals

1. Equation Fitting using least square Matrix.

2. Simulation of a Gravity Flow Tank.

3. Simulation of Chemical Reactor.

4. Pulse Testing Method.

5. Steepest Decent Method.

6. Linear Programming : Simple Method.

7. Operation of a Gravity Flow Tank.

8. Pulse Identification of an Oven.

(9-10) Any two experiments based on Geometric and dynamic programming.

406268 - Instrumentation For Agriculture And Food Processing (Elective-Ii)




a. Introduction necessity of Instrumentation and control for food processing and

agriculture, Sensor requirement remote sensing biosensors in agriculture

standards for food quality.

b. A) Soil science and sensor: pH conductivity resistively temp. Soil moisture and

salinity ion concentration measurement methods of soil analysis.

B) Instruments for environments conditioning of seed germination and growth

c. a) Flow Diagram of sugar plant sensors and Instrumentation set up for it.

b) Flow diagram of fermenter and control (batch process)

c) Oil extraction plant and instrumentation set up

d) Pesticides Manufacturing Process and control

d. a) Flow diagram of dairy and confectionery industry and instrumentation set up

b) Juice Extraction control set up

e. a) Application of SCADA for dam parameters and control

b) Water distributions and management control auto drip irrigation systems

c) Irrigation Canal Management upstream and downstream control systems

f. Green houses and Instrumentation: Ventilation cooling and heating wind speed

temp. and humidity rain gauge carbon dioxide enrichment measurement and

control

g. A) Automation in earth moving equipment and farm implements pneumatic

hydraulic and electronic control circuits in harvesters cotton pickers tractors etc.

B) Application of SCADA and PLC in Packing industry

h. a) Leaf area length evapotranspiration temp. Wetness and respiration

measurement and data logging electromagnetic radiations photosynthesis infrared

and UV Bio sensor methods in agriculture.

b) Agrometeorological Instrumentation weather stations.

Books

1. Industrial Instrumentation-Patranabis , TMH.

2. Instrumentation handbook-Process Control by B.G.Liptak.

3. Process Control and Instrumentation technology by C.D.Johnson.

Practicals

Minimum 8 Practicals are to be performed based on above topics.

406269 - Process Instrumentation – Ii




a. Review of complex loops. FB FF CS with examples, sequence profiles program

controller scaling the instruments (converting mathematical equations to Engg.

Equation to scaled or normalized equators matching to algorithms of a typical

process)

b. Boiler instrumentation and Optimization boiler equipment safety interlocks by

PLC Boiler efficiency and dynamics boiler controls combustion control air to fuel

ratio control 3 element drum level control steam pressure control steam

temperature control burner management and control boiler optimization Furnace

control FB FF CS of heat exchangers steam and fired heaters control reboilers

vaporisation and condensers

c. Pumps and compressor controls types of pumps flow pressure and pump speed

control at constant load types of variable speed drive multiple pump station types

of compressors interlocks in compressors surge in compressors and anti surge

control system microprocessor based control for compressor optimisation.

d. Controlling chemical reactions reactor characteristics continuos reactor control

flow control cascade temp. control FE and adaptive control of pH endpoint

controls reactor safety and interlocks batch reactor recipe charging and batch

automation sequencing logic control time sequence diagrams batch control

activity model batch standards and reliability checklist for batch control batch

PID control and setpoint ramping

e. Distillation column control: equipment C-M pairing energy and material balance

equations feedforward system flow control of distillate and bottoms reflux

Control composition control pressure and temp. controls constant and maximum

recovery method distillate optimisation comparison of PID’s model based

multivariable DMC and ANN control for distillation relative gain matrix

calculation for distillation simplified model of separation and accurate model of

separation. Application of DCS for distillation column.

f. Instrumentation scheme for Multieffect evaporator dryer cooling tower rolling

mill and extruder crystallizer chiller and ORP control

g. Application of SCADA PLC, DCS, and open system for following plants: cement

paper and pulp steel plant automobile fertilizer and water treatment plants

following factors need to be covered for above plant applications flow sheet

diagrams I/O and control variables automation strategy distributed system

structure control equipment control system and interlocks diagnostic functions

and protections auto start up emergency shut down man machine interface

software system graphic display application functions communications material

handling etc.

Books

1. Process Control Systems by F.G.Shinskey (TMH).

2. Process Control by B.G.Liptak ( Chilton).

3. Computer Based Industrial Control by Krishna Kant ( PHI).

4. Batch Control System by T.G.Fisher (ISA).

5. Distributed Computer Control for Industrial Automation by Popovic and

Bhatkar(Dekker).

6. Chemical Process Control by G.Stephanopoulos ( PHI).

7. Distillation Column Control by F.G.Shinskey (TMH.).

406270 - Computer Techniques and Application




a. Fundamentals of operating system (OS) and its basic structure features of COM

and EXE files disk and file disks and file under OS logical structure of disk and

its organization, manipulation of files under OS.

b. Operating Systems : DOS windows 98, NT their features applications concept of

menu driven graphical user interface (GUL) active X networking with JAVA

Internet OLE, OPC , DNA, and distributed internet architecture CASE

c. Definition of parallel computer evolution of parallel computer types of

parallelism, inters task dependencies,

d. Structures of parallel computers pipelined array, shard memory multiprocessor

performance of parallel computer features of parallel computers data flow

concepts computing language parallel processor applications.

e. Real time operating system introduction types of OS requirement of general

RTOS input, output management task scheduler storage management and kernel

structure of RTOS real time programming and personal computers in real time

environment.

f. Computer communication transmission error detection and encryption concept of

star mesh network and introduction to ISO seven layer model distributed

operating system.

g. Commuter aided tester logic analyzers and signature analyzers ATE

h. Data Compression techniques simulation of direct digital process control

i. Pentium based computer organisation and multimedia system graphic

programming and 3D generation introduction to visual Engg. Environment virtual

touches screen and virtual reality.

j. Data base management systems (DBMS) Oracle and Developer 2000.

Books:

1. Advanced MS-DOS Programming-Ray Duncan.

2. Microprocessor Interfacing-Douglas V.Hall.

3. Computer Aided Design and manufacturing-M.P.Groover, E.W.Zimmers , PHI.

4. Auto CAD-GREG Peck.

5. Elements of Parellel Processor and Distributed Control-Sharp.

6. Introduction to Parallel computing-V.Rajaraman , PHI.

7. Operationg system principles-Hansen P.B.

8. Automatic test Equipment-Ibrahim.

9. Computer based Industrial Controls by Krishna Kant (PHI).

10. Display systems-L.W.Macdonald and A.C.Lowe(Wiley)

11. 80486 and Pentiunm and processor –B.B.brey ( PHI).4th ed.

12. Distributed Operation System and Networking by Morris Solman and Jelf

Kramer.

13. Computer Networks-Tannenbaum , PHI.

14. Catalogs for Windows 98 , NT , ORACLE etc.

Practicals :

1. Study of Real Time Programming and PC in Real Time.

2. Study of Networking Features of Windows NT.

3. Drawing P & ID , GA Diagrams , Loop Schematics using Auto CAD.

4. Interfacing a temperature control loop.

5. Two expts.on WINDOWS 98 / NT operating system.

6. Study of Logic Analyzer.

7. GUI-graphics programming and JAVA Application.

8. Two experiments in DBMS in ORACLE.

9. Process Simulation.

10. Study of Multimedia : WAV , BMP files.

11. Data Compression Algorithms.

12. PC to PC communication.

13. CPU disk scheduling algorithms.

406271 - Instrument and System Design




a. Basic concepts on Instrument Design. Functional requirements and specifications

operational environment commercial industrial military NEMA DIN BIS, and

ANSI standards with special reference to packaging.

b. Enclosure Design Guidelines: Grounding and shielding techniques, protection

against electromagnetic interference and electrostatic discharge packaging for

various operational environment including JP 34, IP 54, and IP 67, Heat

dissipation forced Air circulation and Humidity Considerations IEC and NEMA

enclosures.

c. Electronic Design Guidelines : Noise in Electronic Circuits component Limits

sensitive devices input filters and clamping suppressors EMI EMC,

d. Printed circuits board design guidelines general components lay out scheme grid

system PCB size and mechanical stress. Design rules for digital circuits PCBs and

analog circuit PCB’s single and Multilayer boards layout with respect to

interference special design techniques for small signal paths.

e. Automation and computers in PCB design artwork CAD packages and tools

soldering techniques component assembly testing cable design guidelines.

f. Reliability MRT, MTBF concepts on availability component screening infant

mortality and bath tub curve component aging failure rate analysis statistical

sampling criteria sampling for units with low failure rates safety factors and

redundancy

g. A) Instruments evaluation : Methodology system, models and functions

reliability testing properties and test conditions results,

B) Performance evaluation of components instrumentation system evaluation

of test / inspection methods.

h. Configuration and performance characteristics of virtual instrumentation systems

fault finding and trouble shooting techniques of instruments and systems causes

and remedy of faults fault analysis methods.

Systems design: selection of sensor signal conditioning DS designing Engg.

Display standard signals and noise considerations of a typical system.

Books

1. Electrostatic Discharge and Electronic Equipment by Warren Boxleitner , IEEE

press.

2. Printed Circuit Boards by Walter C. Bosshart , CEDT series , TMH.

3. Reliability Engineering by E. Balguruswamy.

4. Applications of Analog Intergrated Circuit by S. Soclof , PHI.

5. Process Control by B.G.Liptak.

6. Mational Instruments Catalog.

7. Noise Reduction Techniques-Ott.

8. Measurement Systems by E.O.Doebline.

Practicals

Basic Criteria for design of Instruments suitable for laboratory , field and control

room environment.

1. Case Study : One Lab.Instrument , Field Instrument.

2. Instrument System Design : Based on Project Work.

3. Design Build and testing of a mini-project.

4. Repairing of given faulty instrument.

5. Designing of DSO/Spectrum Analyzer using Virtual Instrumentation.

6. Designing of a Virtual PLC.

7. Designing of Instrument / System ( One each) : Transducer design : Sensor ,

Conditioning circuit and enclosure ( RTD , T/C , Load Cell , Orifice , LVDT ,

Pressure etc.)

8. Instrument Design : Circuit and Enclosure(e.g. Indicator , Controller , Transmitter

, Annunciator etc.)

9. PCB design using software tools.

10. Design of a filter for typical noise problem.

Documents

Be Instrumentation and Control