Contents

Unit 4 Team Sports

Lesson 1 Basketball

Lesson 2 Dribbling, Shooting and Other Special Skills

Lesson 3 Volleyball

Lesson 4 Receiving and Returning the Ball

Introduction

In the history of sports, basketball is known to be the only major sports that is completely American in origin. It was invented by Dr. James A.Naismith, a physical education director of the YMCA training school in Springfield Massachusetts, in 1891. He used soccer ball and two peach baskets as goals hung at the opposites end of the gymnasium. He devised 13 rules to carry out with the game. Basketball was first played on January 20, 1892 with 18 players, nine on each each side. It spread out surprisingly all over United States and finally in other parts of th world. And in 1936, it was added as an official event in the Olympic Games.

Court Size: 50 feet x 90 feet for college and professionals 50 Feet x 84 feet for High School 42 feet x 74 feet for Junior High The court can either be indoor or outdoorGoal/Baskets Backboard: size – 6 feet x 4 feet Height – 9 feet above the floor Ring: size -18 inches in diameter with a newt of white

cord suspended from the rim Height: 10 feet above the floor

Ball Is an inflated or nylon covered sphere: Circumference: 29 inches to 30 inches Weight: 20 ounces to 22 ouncesLength and number of period Length: 20minutes halves ( 10minutes /

period ) Rest: 15 minutes between halves Extension: 5 minutes overtime as

necessary to break a tie

Players

Number: 5 each team ( 10 )

Composition: 1 center, 2 forwards, 2 guards

Official

1 referee, 1 umpire

2 timer, 2 scorer, 1 recorder

Basic Basketball Skills

Passing• For firm control the ball should be handed with the

thumb and finger pads not with the palm of the hands.• The passer should step forward in the direction of the

receiver• The passes should bemade with aquick arm extension

and a snap of the wrist, with thumbs and fingers providing momentum.

• Peripheral vision is needed to develop awareness of their teammates and opponents positions while in play.• Anticipate the spot towards which a teammate move to

receive and pass

Types of Pass

Chest Pass (push or two Handed Pass)• The ball is held at the chest level with fingers

spread on the sides of the ball. Elbow close to the body, one foot is in front with knees slightly bent.

• Release the ball by extending the arms and snapping the wrist, with the body weight being transferred to the front foot on the directionof the receiver.

Types Of Pass

Baseball Pass (one-handed pass)• The passer stand with feet slightly

apart, one foot in front. The body weight shifts from the back foot to the front foot.

• The passer imitates the throwing motion of a baseball catcher to the second base.

Types Of Pass

One Handed Push Pass• The passer holds the ball with

both hands, supporting the ball more with the dominant hand which is a little back of the ball.

Types Of Pass

Bounce Pass• Bounce the ball a little more than hlfway

between the two player to reach the receive efficiently.

• The pass should be received on the first bounce to the receiver’s out stretched arm at waist level.

Types Of Pass

Underhand Pass• The one handed underhand pass is like an

underhand toss in baseball.• For a two-handed underhand pass, the

ball is held to one side in both hands with the foot on the opposite side towards the receiver.

• The ball is shoveled towards the receiver as a step is made with the other foot.

Types Of Pass

Two Handed Overhead Pass• With the ball held overhead, the

pass is done from a slight short stride position.

• The momentum of the pass comes from the forceful wrist and finger snap

Catching or Receiving

Catching or receiving the ball is very important fundamental skills in playing basketball. Many turnovers failed due to improper catch

• To receive the ball, move towards the pass with the fingers spread and relaxed.

• Reach for the ball with elbows bent and wrist relaxed.

• The hands shouldgive orgo with the direction of the ball as it comes in.

Ball Handling Drills

these drills are practiced continuously for about 30 seconds. The ball is handled with the pads of the fingers. The drills are listed in order of difficulty.

Around the body drills:

1. Around the waist• hold the ball with right hand, circle it behind the back

and transfer to the left hand• The left hand carries it to the front of the body for a

transfer to the right hand.• Start sith the left hand and move the ball in the

opposite direction.

2. Around the head• With shoulder back, send the aroundthehead

in much the same manner described above.• Perform in both direction

3. Triple play• Begin by circling aroundthehead.• Move to waist level andfollow byknee level

circles.• Move the ball in opposite direction

Ball Handling Drills

Two-Handed Control Drill

Start from a semi-crouched position with the feet width apart. The ball is held with both hands between the legs in front of the body. Let go of the ball, move the hands behind the body, and catch it before it hits the floor. It may be helpful to give the ball a slight upward flip to facilitate the catch. Reverse the action moving the hands to the front of the body.

Passing Drills

In passing practice, good use should bemade of the various movement fomations, including two-line, circle, circle-and-leader, shuttle turn-back, and regular shuttle formations. A number of the other drills should be considered.

Circle-Star Drill

With only five players, a circle star drill is particularly effective, players pass to every other plaver, and the path of the ball forms a star. The star drill works well as a relay. Any odd number of players will cause theball to go to all participants, assuring that all receive equal practice.

Slide Circle Drill

In the slide circle drill, a circle of four to six players slide around a person in the center. The center person passes and receives to and from the sliding players. After the ball has gone around the circle twice, another player takes the center position.

Dribbling

Dribbling is moving while bouncing the ball continously.

• Slightly bend trunk and knees, both the free hand and dribbling hand in front and head up with eyes looking Forward

• With a ver little arm motion, the ball is pushed with the fingertips with a cupped and relaxed hand.

• Practice dribbling alternately with both hands

Types of Dribble

Wraparound

In the wraparound, the ballhandler dribbles the ball behind his/her back, switching it to his/her other hand. This move can be used when the defender attempts a steal, allowing the ballhandler to begin moving forward as the defense move in. A streetball move with the same name involves swinging the ball around the opponent's body.

Types of Dribble

Spin move In a spin move, the ballhandler spins his/her

body to change the direction and put his body between the ball and the defender. The spin move can be used while dribbling (when it is also called a reverse pivot) or in a post position, where it is often used many times during a game. The move can also leave the ballhandler somewhat disoriented, or to be surprised by a defender after losing eye contact.

Types of Dribble

Crossover Dribble In a crossover dribble, the ballhandler changes

pace to confuse or freeze a defender. It is also used to put the defender off balance to make it easier for the player handling the ball to dribble past the defender. The move is often performed by street players. In the professional league, players like Allen Iverson, Jason Williams, and Tim Hardaway are known to use this move in order to generate an easy layup or jump shot. This move is most effective in open-court situations, where it is easy to shake or "juke" the defender with a simple crossover. If done properly, the defender will be caught off guard, being unable to change directions. Sometimes, the defender falls down; this is called an ankle breaker.

Types of Dribble

Behind the Back Dribble A basic move in which the ballhandler simply bounces the

ball behind the back to the opposite hand, but note that the ball is not intended to go around the body as in the basic 'wraparound.' This move is used to avoid an easy strip, to 'stall', or to 'pick.' It can be used to avoid an easy strip as an alternative to bouncing the ball in front of you for a tricky crossover. To stall means to overlook what can be setup on the court while still maintaining control over the ball. A pick is virtually the same as a stall but a pick is continuous, meaning that the ball is bounced back and forth behind the back; a pick may also be performed between the legs. The best choice when to use this move would be in the case of a teammate's unavailability, to outrun your defender, and/or to drive the ball closer to the hoop due to the lack of space between the ballhandler and defender.

Shooting

Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket. While methods can vary with players and situations, the most common technique can be outlined here.

The player should be positioned facing the basket with feet about shoulder-width apart, knees slightly bent, and back straight. The player holds the ball to rest in the dominant hand's fingertips (the shooting arm) slightly above the head, with the other hand on the side of the ball. To aim the ball, the player's elbow should be aligned vertically, with the forearm facing in the direction of the basket. The ball is shot by bending and extending the knees and extending the shooting arm to become straight; the ball rolls off the finger tips while the wrist completes a full downward flex motion. When the shooting arm is stationary for a moment after the ball released, it is known as a follow-through; it is incorporated to maintain accuracy. Generally, the non-shooting arm is used only to guide the shot, not to power it.

Players often try to put a steady backspin on the ball to deaden its impact with the rim. The ideal trajectory of the shot is somewhat arguable, but generally coaches will profess proper arch. Most players shoot directly into the basket, but shooters may use the backboard to redirect the ball into the basket.

Types of Shots

Layups A layup is a two point attempt made by leaping from below, laying

the ball up near the basket, and using one hand to tip the ball over the rim and into the basket (layin) or to bank it off the backboard and into the basket (layup). The motion and one-handed reach distinguish it from a jump shot. The layup is considered the most basic shot in basketball.

An undefended layup is usually a high percentage shot. The main obstacle is getting near the rim and avoiding blocks by taller defenders who usually stand near the basket. Common layup strategies are to create space, releasing the ball from different spots or using an alternate hand. A player tall enough to reach over the rim might choose to perform a more spectacular and higher percentage slam dunk (dropping or throwing the ball from above the rim) instead.

To play a safer layup, you can hold it with two hands; that way it is harder to block and you take two steps, that distinguishes it from the jump shot.

Types of Shots

Finger roll A finger roll is performed when a player

shoots the ball with one hand during a layup and then lifts his fingers, rolling the ball into the basket. The rotation produced provides the ball with a soft touch, and the ball will roll around the rim and then drop into the basket.

Types of Shots

Tear drop The tear drop, also called a runner or a floater, is

usually performed by undersized players (mainly point guards). A player usually starts the layup procedure from a distance far away from the basket. The ball is generally released earlier and in a higher arc than the normal layup. The ball should be away before the taller defender has the chance to block it. The purpose of this shooting move is to make the defender miss blocking the ball as the ball is released from the hand one moment sooner than expected. It is so-named because the ball drops down from the high point of the arc like a falling tear drop.

Types of Shots

Power stop/drive Power drive is a continuous shooting move in

which a player stops dribbling and makes a huge leap forward, while securing the ball in both hands from the dribbling hand, then making a layup. The move is generally used as a layup because the huge movement coming from the leap provides the momentum for the player to jump forward for a layup. The move is a great way to squeeze the player under the basket for a fast layup.

Types of Shots

Bank shot A bank shot in basketball is a shot that relies on the

ball bouncing off the backboard and into the basket. It is frequently used for mid-range jump shots from an angle (usually at the elbow) and layups. It is not commonly used for long-range shots or shots from the middle. The purpose of using the backboard is to try to hit the backboard at an angle, thus slowing the speed of the ball and increasing its chances of falling into the hoop. Another term for a bank shot is "off the glass"

Types of Shots

Putback and tip-in A putback describes a situation where a player

secures an offensive rebound then immediately scores a basket. If the player secures the rebound while in the air, to be considered a putback the player can land on the ground before shooting, but cannot dribble before taking the shot. If the player does not secure the rebound but instead taps the ball into the basket, it is considered a tip-in. There is a point where a putback and a tip-in are a matter of subjective difference (eg, a one-handed rebound in the air followed by a score before touching the ground). A putback jam is a spectacular alternative to the tip-in where the ball is slam-dunked off the rebound in the same motion.

Other Skills

Pivoting

This skill is a maneuver that protects the ball by putting the body between the ball and the defensive player. The ball is held firmly in both hands with elbows out to protect the ball. The pivot foot must always be in contact with the floor on the same spot but thelead foot may step in any direction.

Other Skills

Feinting

It is a deceptive motion in one direction when the intent is to move in other direction. It means faking a pass in one manner or direction and then passing in another.

Group Dribbling Drills

Shuttle Dribbling

Shuttle dribbling begins at the head of a file. The head player dribbles across to another file, and hands the ball off to the player at the head of the second file. He then takes a place at the end of that file. The player receiving the ball dribbles back to the first file. A number of shuttles can be arranged for dribbling crossways over a basketball court.

Group Dribbling Drills

Obstacle, or figure-eight, Dribbling

for obstacle, or figure-eight, dribbling, three or more obstacles are positioned about 5 feet apart. The first player at the end of each file dribbles in and around each obstacles, changing hands so that the hand opposite the obstacle is the one always used.

Shooting Drills

Simple shooting Drill

In one simple shooting drill, players from files of no more than four people and take turn in shooting a long shot and a short shot or some other prescribed series of shots.

Shooting Drills

Dribble-and-Shoot-Drill• Two column S and R groups are established

on one end of the court.• One S group on the right and R group on the

left.• S group has the ball, which first dribbles in

and shoots a lay-up• R group recovers the ball and passes it to the

next S group player.

Shooting Drills

• As each person in turn either shoots or retrieves, the goes to the rear of the other file.

• After some retrieves, he goes to the rear of the other file

• After some proficiency in the drill has been developed, two balls can be used allowing for more shooting opportunities.

Shooting Drills

Jump-Shot Drill• The jump-shot drill is similar to the lay-up drill,

except that the incoming shooter receives the ball, stops, and takes a jump-shot.

• The line of shooters should move back so that there is room for forward movement to the shooting spot.

• As soon as the passer releases the ball to the shooter, he moves to the end of the shooters line

• The shooter goes to the passer‘s line after shooting,

Violations In Basketball

The ball may be advanced toward the basket by being shot, passed between players, thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled (bouncing the ball while running).

The ball must stay within the court; the last team to touch the ball before it travels out of bounds forfeits possession. The ball-handler may not move both feet without dribbling, known as traveling, nor may he dribble with both hands or catch the ball in between dribbles, a violation called double dribbling. A player's hand cannot be under the ball while dribbling; doing so is known as carrying the ball. A team, once having established ball control in the front half of the court, may not return the ball to the backcourt. The ball may not be kicked nor struck with the fist. A violation of these rules results in loss of possession, or, if committed by the defense, a reset of the shot clock.

Violations In Basketball

There are limits imposed on the time taken before progressing the ball past halfway (8 seconds in international and NBA; 10 seconds in NCAA and high school), before attempting a shot (24 seconds in the NBA, 30 seconds in NCAA women's and Canadian Interuniversity Sport play for both sexes, and 35 seconds in NCAA men's play), holding the ball while closely guarded (5 seconds), and remaining in the restricted area (the lane, or "key") (3 seconds). These rules are designed to promote more offense.

No player may interfere with the basket or ball on its downward flight to the basket, or while it is on the rim (or, in the NBA, while it is directly above the basket), a violation known as goaltending. If a defensive player goal tends, the attempted shot is considered to have been successful. If a teammate of the shooter goal tends, the basket is cancelled and play continues with the defensive team being given possession.

Fouls

An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through physical contact is illegal and is called a foul. These are most commonly committed by defensive players; however, they can be committed by offensive players as well. Players who are fouled either receive the ball to pass inbounds again, or receive one or more free throws if they are fouled in the act of shooting, depending on whether the shot was successful. One point is awarded for making a free throw, which is attempted from a line 15 feet (4.5 m) from the basket.

Fouls

Technical foul

is any infraction of the rules penalized as a foul which does not involve physical contact during the course of play between players on the court, or is a foul by a non-player. The most common technical foul is for unsportsmanlike conduct. Technical fouls can be assessed against players, bench personnel, or even the entire team.

Fouls

Other offenses can result in technical fouls, such as: fighting or threatening to fight illegal substitution or entering the game at an

impermissible time intentionally hanging on the basket at any time for

more than 5 seconds (except to prevent an injury) lifting or jumping onto a teammate to gain a height

advantage goaltending a free throw remaining out of bounds to gain an advantage Delaying the game (in the NBA, most of these

infractions incur a team warning for a first offense, followed by a team technical), including:

Fouls throwing the ball into the stands or batting a made shot away to allow

one's team to set up on defense huddling at the foul line for an excessive time going out of bounds during an opponents' throw-in not being ready to start play after a time-out, or to begin a quarter or

half, or when a free throw(s) is awarded and more technical issues, such as: uniform violations, including illegal insignia or numbers beginning the game with a starting player not so designated having too many players on the court calling a timeout when one's team has none remaining refusing to occupy the proper bench if the coach leaves his box, especially intentionally (NBA only) playing a "scratched" player (a rule adopted in 2005 where

up to two "scratches" are permissible on a 14-man roster) remaining in or returning to the game after being disqualified

Foul

If a team exceeds a certain limit of team fouls in a given period (quarter or half) – four for NBA and international games – the opposing team is awarded one or two free throws on all subsequent fouls for that period, the number depending on the league. In the US college game if a team surpasses 7 fouls in the half the opposing team is awarded a one-and-one free throw (a player making the first is given a second). If a team exceeds 10 fouls in the half the opposing team is awarded two free throws on all subsequent fouls for the half. A player who, in an international game, commits five fouls (including technical fouls), or in an NBA game, commits six fouls (excluding technical fouls) is not allowed to participate for the rest of the game, and is said to have "fouled out".