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Basic Gun Diagram
Types of Firearms o Shotgun Smoothbore gun designed mostly to shoot lead pellets
of varying sizes
o Rifle A firearm having rifling in the bore and designed to be fired from the shoulder
Types of Firearms (conthellip)
o Handguns
o Revolver A firearm usually a handgun with a cylinder
having several chambers so arranged as to rotate around
an axis and be discharged successively by
the same firing mechanism
o Semi-automatic Pistol A repeating firearm requiring a
separate pull of the trigger for each shot fired and which
uses the energy of discharge to perform a portion of the operating or firing cycle
Ammunition Ammunition consists of four components
o Propellant
o Projectile
o Cartridge case
o Primer
o Self-contained ammunition in which the propellant projectile and primer are held together by a cartridge case is called fixed ammunition
Ammunition
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Caliber of the Cartridge
Caliber is a measure the diameter of the cartridge in hundredths of an inch
Common calibers include 22 25 357 38 44 and 45
Why should the caliber of ammunition match the firearm that shoots it If they do not match what could go wrong
Forensic Science Fundamentals amp
Investigations Chapter 17 10
The Width of a Bullet determines Its Caliber
Cartridge Cases The modern cartridge case serves several important functions
Contains the other components (projectile primer propellant) in a
single unit for convenience of handling and loading
Resists the firing-pin blow during ignition
Forms a gas seal (obturation)
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Types of Firearms o Shotgun Smoothbore gun designed mostly to shoot lead pellets
of varying sizes
o Rifle A firearm having rifling in the bore and designed to be fired from the shoulder
Types of Firearms (conthellip)
o Handguns
o Revolver A firearm usually a handgun with a cylinder
having several chambers so arranged as to rotate around
an axis and be discharged successively by
the same firing mechanism
o Semi-automatic Pistol A repeating firearm requiring a
separate pull of the trigger for each shot fired and which
uses the energy of discharge to perform a portion of the operating or firing cycle
Ammunition Ammunition consists of four components
o Propellant
o Projectile
o Cartridge case
o Primer
o Self-contained ammunition in which the propellant projectile and primer are held together by a cartridge case is called fixed ammunition
Ammunition
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Caliber of the Cartridge
Caliber is a measure the diameter of the cartridge in hundredths of an inch
Common calibers include 22 25 357 38 44 and 45
Why should the caliber of ammunition match the firearm that shoots it If they do not match what could go wrong
Forensic Science Fundamentals amp
Investigations Chapter 17 10
The Width of a Bullet determines Its Caliber
Cartridge Cases The modern cartridge case serves several important functions
Contains the other components (projectile primer propellant) in a
single unit for convenience of handling and loading
Resists the firing-pin blow during ignition
Forms a gas seal (obturation)
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Types of Firearms (conthellip)
o Handguns
o Revolver A firearm usually a handgun with a cylinder
having several chambers so arranged as to rotate around
an axis and be discharged successively by
the same firing mechanism
o Semi-automatic Pistol A repeating firearm requiring a
separate pull of the trigger for each shot fired and which
uses the energy of discharge to perform a portion of the operating or firing cycle
Ammunition Ammunition consists of four components
o Propellant
o Projectile
o Cartridge case
o Primer
o Self-contained ammunition in which the propellant projectile and primer are held together by a cartridge case is called fixed ammunition
Ammunition
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Caliber of the Cartridge
Caliber is a measure the diameter of the cartridge in hundredths of an inch
Common calibers include 22 25 357 38 44 and 45
Why should the caliber of ammunition match the firearm that shoots it If they do not match what could go wrong
Forensic Science Fundamentals amp
Investigations Chapter 17 10
The Width of a Bullet determines Its Caliber
Cartridge Cases The modern cartridge case serves several important functions
Contains the other components (projectile primer propellant) in a
single unit for convenience of handling and loading
Resists the firing-pin blow during ignition
Forms a gas seal (obturation)
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Ammunition Ammunition consists of four components
o Propellant
o Projectile
o Cartridge case
o Primer
o Self-contained ammunition in which the propellant projectile and primer are held together by a cartridge case is called fixed ammunition
Ammunition
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Caliber of the Cartridge
Caliber is a measure the diameter of the cartridge in hundredths of an inch
Common calibers include 22 25 357 38 44 and 45
Why should the caliber of ammunition match the firearm that shoots it If they do not match what could go wrong
Forensic Science Fundamentals amp
Investigations Chapter 17 10
The Width of a Bullet determines Its Caliber
Cartridge Cases The modern cartridge case serves several important functions
Contains the other components (projectile primer propellant) in a
single unit for convenience of handling and loading
Resists the firing-pin blow during ignition
Forms a gas seal (obturation)
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Ammunition
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Caliber of the Cartridge
Caliber is a measure the diameter of the cartridge in hundredths of an inch
Common calibers include 22 25 357 38 44 and 45
Why should the caliber of ammunition match the firearm that shoots it If they do not match what could go wrong
Forensic Science Fundamentals amp
Investigations Chapter 17 10
The Width of a Bullet determines Its Caliber
Cartridge Cases The modern cartridge case serves several important functions
Contains the other components (projectile primer propellant) in a
single unit for convenience of handling and loading
Resists the firing-pin blow during ignition
Forms a gas seal (obturation)
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Caliber of the Cartridge
Caliber is a measure the diameter of the cartridge in hundredths of an inch
Common calibers include 22 25 357 38 44 and 45
Why should the caliber of ammunition match the firearm that shoots it If they do not match what could go wrong
Forensic Science Fundamentals amp
Investigations Chapter 17 10
The Width of a Bullet determines Its Caliber
Cartridge Cases The modern cartridge case serves several important functions
Contains the other components (projectile primer propellant) in a
single unit for convenience of handling and loading
Resists the firing-pin blow during ignition
Forms a gas seal (obturation)
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Caliber of the Cartridge
Caliber is a measure the diameter of the cartridge in hundredths of an inch
Common calibers include 22 25 357 38 44 and 45
Why should the caliber of ammunition match the firearm that shoots it If they do not match what could go wrong
Forensic Science Fundamentals amp
Investigations Chapter 17 10
The Width of a Bullet determines Its Caliber
Cartridge Cases The modern cartridge case serves several important functions
Contains the other components (projectile primer propellant) in a
single unit for convenience of handling and loading
Resists the firing-pin blow during ignition
Forms a gas seal (obturation)
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Caliber of the Cartridge
Caliber is a measure the diameter of the cartridge in hundredths of an inch
Common calibers include 22 25 357 38 44 and 45
Why should the caliber of ammunition match the firearm that shoots it If they do not match what could go wrong
Forensic Science Fundamentals amp
Investigations Chapter 17 10
The Width of a Bullet determines Its Caliber
Cartridge Cases The modern cartridge case serves several important functions
Contains the other components (projectile primer propellant) in a
single unit for convenience of handling and loading
Resists the firing-pin blow during ignition
Forms a gas seal (obturation)
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Caliber of the Cartridge
Caliber is a measure the diameter of the cartridge in hundredths of an inch
Common calibers include 22 25 357 38 44 and 45
Why should the caliber of ammunition match the firearm that shoots it If they do not match what could go wrong
Forensic Science Fundamentals amp
Investigations Chapter 17 10
The Width of a Bullet determines Its Caliber
Cartridge Cases The modern cartridge case serves several important functions
Contains the other components (projectile primer propellant) in a
single unit for convenience of handling and loading
Resists the firing-pin blow during ignition
Forms a gas seal (obturation)
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
The Width of a Bullet determines Its Caliber
Cartridge Cases The modern cartridge case serves several important functions
Contains the other components (projectile primer propellant) in a
single unit for convenience of handling and loading
Resists the firing-pin blow during ignition
Forms a gas seal (obturation)
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Cartridge Cases The modern cartridge case serves several important functions
Contains the other components (projectile primer propellant) in a
single unit for convenience of handling and loading
Resists the firing-pin blow during ignition
Forms a gas seal (obturation)
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Cartridge Case
Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Cartridge Case Identification
Like bullets cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm
Cartridge cases like those on the right are mostly made of brass but can also be made of other materials Cartridge cases come in a variety of finishes but all are made of a material that is softer than the materials found in a firearm
Any surface of the cartridge case that meets the inner workings of the firearm may be marked
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Bullet Design
ldquoBulletrdquo refers to the projectile(s) which actually
exits the barrel of the gun when fired
Bullets vary in shape and composition
There exist hundreds of different types of bullets
Most types are variations on three main shapes amp
three basic compositions
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Three Main Shapes
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Round Nose
Maximum penetration
Cheapest shape to manufacture
Easily loads into chambers
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Hollow Point
Spreads or mushrooms on impact
Causes additional damage to target
Inhibits penetration
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Wad Cutter Used exclusively as a practice load
Minimizes penetration
Rips a hole in target paper which is visible by the shooter
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Three Basic Compositions of Bullets
Lead
frac12 Jacketed
Jacketed (Full metal jacket) bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Lead
Cheap
Dense
Soft
Easy to mold
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
frac12 Jacketed A lead bullet coated with copper half way up the exposed portion of the bullet
Used primarily for
hollow points
Copper improves
exit velocity
Lead promotes mushrooming
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Jacketed A lead bullet completely coated in copper
Copper improves exit velocity
Used to hold the shape of the bullet in an effort to maximize penetration
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
What happens to bullets when they
are fired
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Pull the Trigger
and
1A pin or hammer strikes the
primer This causes a spark
2The powder is then ignited
causing an explosion
3This explosion starts the
bullet down the barrel of the
gun
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Down the Barrel
4As a bullet travels down
the barrel of a gun it is
twisted by the lands and
groves of the barrel
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Out of the Barrel
5This rifling causes the
bullet to exit the end
of the barrel in a
spiral motion
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
What happens to a bullet when it hits a
target bullMost bullets tend to
mushroom when they hit a
target
bullSome bullets nearly
disintegrate
bullLeft are bullet fragments
from a frac12 jacketed hollow
point bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Some more bullets recovered after firing
The striations from the rifling are still visible bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Not all bullets mushroom the same A lot depends on the
speed and shape of the bullet and the characteristics of
the target
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Examining Bullets Rifling
Rifling consists of grooves cut or formed in a spiral
nature lengthwise down the barrel of a firearm
A bullet is slightly larger in diameter than the bore
diameter of the barrel in which it is designed to be
fired
As a result a rifled barrel will impress a negative
impression of itself on the sides of the bullet like
those seen b
Ballistics
Striations
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Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
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Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
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Striations
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bsappcom
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bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
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bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Matching Procedure
Fire bullets from a suspected weapon
With the aid of a comparison microscope compare
these ldquotest firesrdquo to the suspected bullets
Striations must be identical for a positive match
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
Comparison
Microscope Two scopes-
One Field
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
bsappcom
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