BASIC DIAGNOSTICS PROCEDURE - ken-gilbert.comken-gilbert.com › wrx › STi_Manual › 07. WIRING › 01. Basic... · 2016-11-10 · WI-4 WIRING SYSTEM BASIC DIAGNOSTICS PROCEDURE

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WIRING SYSTEMBASIC DIAGNOSTICS PROCEDURE

1. Basic Diagnostics ProcedureA: BASIC PROCEDURES1. GENERALThe most important purpose of diagnostics is to de-termine which part is malfunctioning quickly, tosave time and labor.

2. IDENTIFICATION OF TROUBLE SYMP-TOMDetermine what the problem is based on symptom.

3. PROBABLE CAUSE OF TROUBLELook at the wiring diagram and check system's cir-cuit. Then check the switch, relay, fuse, ground,etc.

4. LOCATION AND REPAIR OF TROUBLE1) Using the diagnostics narrow down the causes.2) If necessary, use a voltmeter, ohmmeter, etc.3) Before replacing certain component parts(switch, relay, etc.), check the power supply,ground, for open wiring harness, poor connectors,etc. If no problems are encountered, check thecomponent parts.

5. CONFIRMATION OF SYSTEM OPERA-TIONAfter repairing, ensure that the system operatesproperly.

B: BASIC INSPECTION1. VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT1) Using a voltmeter, connect the negative lead to agood ground point or negative battery terminal andthe positive lead to the connector or component ter-minal.2) Contact the positive probe of the voltmeter onconnector (A).The voltmeter will indicate a voltage.3) Shift the positive probe to connector (B). Thevoltmeter will indicate no voltage.

4) With test set-up held as it is, turn the switch ON.The voltmeter will indicate a voltage and, at thesame time, the light will come on.5) The circuit is in good order. If a problem such asa lamp failing to light occurs, use the proceduresoutlined above to track down malfunction.

WI-00094

To power FUSEsupply

Switch Light

V

(A) (B)

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2. CIRCUIT CONTINUITY CHECKS1) Disconnect the battery cable or connector sothere is no voltage between check points.Contact the two leads of an ohmmeter to each ofthe check points.If the circuit has diodes, reverse the two leads andcheck again.2) Use an ohmmeter to check for the diode continu-ity. When contacting the negative lead to diodepositive side and positive lead to negative side,there should be continuity.When contacting the two leads in reverse, thereshould be no continuity.

3) Symbol “❍ — ❍” indicates that continuity existsbetween two points or terminals. For example,when a switch position is “3”, continuity existsamong terminals 1, 3 and 6, as shown in table be-low.

3. HOW TO DETERMINE AN OPEN CIR-CUIT1) Voltmeter Method:An open circuit is determined by measuring thevoltage between respective connectors and groundusing a voltmeter, starting with the connector clos-est to power supply. The power supply must beturned ON so that current flows in the circuit. If volt-age is not present between a particular connectorand ground, the circuit between that connector andprevious connector is open.

2) Ohmmeter method:Disconnect all connectors affected, and check thecontinuity in wiring between adjacent connectors.When the ohmmeter indicates “infinite”, the wiringis open.

WI-00095

Continuity No continuity

WI-00096

Terminal

Switch Position

OFF

1

2

3

4

1 2 3 4 5 6

Open circuit or wiring

No voltage is present

Voltage is present

V V

WI-00097

Open circuit

Continuity does not exist.Continuity exists.

WI-00098

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4. HOW TO DETERMINE A SHORT CIR-CUIT1) Test lamp method:Connect a test lamp (rated at approx. 3 watts) inplace of the blown fuse and allow current to flowthrough the circuit. Disconnect one connector at atime from the circuit, starting with the one locatedfarthest from power supply. If the test lamp goesout when a connector is disconnected, the wiringbetween that connection and next connector (far-ther from the power supply) is shorted.

2) Ohmmeter method:Disconnect all affected connectors, and check thecontinuity between each connector and ground.When the ohmmeter indicates continuity between aparticular connector and ground, that the connectoris shorted.

Shorted wiring

Test lamp

Fuse holder

WI-00099

Shorted connector

Continuity does not exist.Continuity exists.

WI-00100

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C: HOW TO READ WIRING DIAGRAMS1. WIRING DIAGRAMThe wiring diagram of each system is illustrated so that you can understand the path through which electriccurrent flows from battery.Sketches and codes are used in the diagrams. They should read as follows:• Each connector and its terminal position are indicated by a sketch of the connector in a disconnected statewhich is viewed from front.

• The number of poles or pins, presence of a lock, and pin number of each terminal are indicated in thesketch of each connector. In the sketch, the highest pole number refers to the number of poles which con-nector has. For example, the sketch of connector shown in the figure indicates the connector has 9 poles.

Viewed from this direction

4

2

4

1

3

WI-00101

WI-00102

Connector used in vehicleSketch Symbol Number of poles

Numbered in order from upperright to lower left.

Numbered in order from upperleft to lower right

Connector shown in wiring diagram

Double framesIndicates a lock is included.

Indicates the number of poles.

4 3 2 1

9 8 7 6 5

Indicates a lock is included.

Single frame

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9

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• When one set of connectors is viewed from thefront side, the pole numbers of one connector aresymmetrical to those of other. When these two con-nectors are connected as a unit, the poles whichhave the same number are joined.

• Electrical wiring harness:The connectors are numbered along with the num-ber of poles, external colors, and mating connec-tions in accompanying list.• The sketch of each connector in the wiring dia-gram usually shows (A) side of the connector. Therelationship between wire color, terminal numberand connector is described in figure.

NOTE:A wire which runs in one direction from a connectorterminal sometimes may have a different color fromthat which runs in the other direction from that ter-minal.

• In wiring diagram, connectors which have no ter-minal number refer to one-pole types. Sketches ofthese connectors are omitted intentionally.

• The following color codes are used to indicatethe colors of the wires used.

1 12 23 3

4 45 56 6

WI-00107

WI-00108

Wire color :BR (No. 1 terminal)RW (No. 3 terminal)

i2

3 41 2

BRRW

i2F4

13

(A)

WI-00109

BB

B15F10

Color code Color

L Blue

B Black

Y Yellow

G Green

R Red

W White

Br Brown

Lg Light green

Gr Gray

P Pink

Or Orange

Lb Light Blue

V Violet

SA Sealed (Inner)

SB Sealed (Outer)

WI-00110

YL 2YG 1

SB10YL9

YG8

SA 1

SB22

SA20

YG

YLSB

SBSA

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• The wire color code, which consists of two letters(or three letters including Br or Lg), indicates thestandard color (base color of the wire covering) byits first letter and stripe marking by its second letter.

• The table lists the nominal sectional areas andallowable currents of wires.

CAUTION:When replacing or repairing a wire, be sure to use the same size and type of wire which was originally used.

NOTE:• The allowable current in the table indicates toler-able amperage of each wire at an ambient temper-ature of 40°C (104°F).• The allowable current changes with ambienttemperature. Also, it changes if a bundle of morethan two wires is used.

• Each unit is directly grounded to the body or indi-rectly grounds through a harness ground terminal.Different symbols are used in the wiring diagram toidentify the two grounding systems.

• The ground points shown in the wiring diagramrefer to the following:

NOTE:All wiring harnesses are provided with a groundpoint which should be securely connected.

Nominal sectional area

No. of strands/ strand diameter

Outside diameter of finished wiring

Allowable current Amps/40°C (104°F)

mm2 mm

0.3 7/0.26 1.8 7

0.5 7/0.32 2.2 (or 2.0) 12

0.75 30/0.18 2.6 (or 2.4) 16

0.85 11/0.32 2.4 (or 2.2) 16

1.25 16/0.32 2.7 (or 2.5) 21

2 26/0.32 3.1 (or 2.9) 28

3 41/0.32 3.8 (or 3.6) 38

5 65/0.32 4.6 (or 4.4) 51

8 50/0.45 5.5 67

WI-00111

BlackMarking color :

Y B

Reference color : Yellow

WI-00112

Direct ground Indirect terminalground

B

WI-00113

: Body ground

: Engine ground

: Radio ground

GB

GE

GR

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• Relays are classified as normally-open or normally-closed.The normally-closed relay has one or more contacts.The wiring diagram shows the relay mode when energizing circuit is OFF.

WI-00114

Relay type

4-pole

6-pole

4-pole

6-pole

Normally-open type

Normally-closed type

Mixed type

Key to symbols:

: Current flows.

: Current does not flow.

Energizing circuit OFF Energizing circuit ON

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• Each connector number shown in the wiring dia-gram corresponds to that in wiring harness. The lo-cation of each connector in actual vehicle isdetermined by reading the first character of theconnector (for example, a “F” for F8, “i” for i16, etc.)and type of wiring harness.The first character of each connector number refersto the area or system of the vehicle.

Symbol Wiring harness and cord

F Front wiring harness

B Bulkhead wiring harness

E Engine wiring harness

TTransmission cord, Rear oxygen sensor cord

DDoor cord LH & RH, Rear door cord LH & RH, Rear gate cord

i Instrument panel wiring harness

RRear wiring harness, Fuel tank cord, Roof cord, Trunk lid cord

AB Airbag wiring harness

F23

F98F21

F58

F100F5

F27

F47

F34F19

F22

F96

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Each connector number shown in wiring diagram corresponds to that in the vehicle.

F19

FRONT TURN SIGNAL LIGHT LH (UPPER)

BG2

B1

F22

FRONT TURN SIGNAL LIGHT LH (LOWER)

BG3

B2

(GRAY)F3

(GRAY)F19

1 2

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D: SYMBOLS IN WIRING DIAGRAMSA number of symbols are used in each wiring diagram to easily identify parts or circuits.

1. RELAYA symbol used to indicate a relay.

2. CONNECTOR-1The sketch of the connector indicates one-poletypes.

3. WIRING CONNECTIONSome wiring diagrams are indicated in foldouts forconvenience. Wiring destinations are indicatedwhere necessary by corresponding symbols (aswhen two pages are needed for clear indication).

4. FUSE NO. & RATINGThe “FUSE No. & RATING” corresponds with thatused in fuse box (main fuse box, fuse and jointbox).

5. CONNECTOR-2• Each connector is indicated by a symbol.• Each terminal number is indicated in the corre-sponding wiring diagram in an abbreviated form.• For example, terminal number “G4” refers to No.4 terminal of connector (G: F41) shown in the con-nector sketch.

WI-00116

LR

LW RL

3 7 2 5

MAIN FUSE BOX (M/B)

MB

-11

MB

-10

F39

P-SUP-02B

P-SUP-02A

P-SUP-02C

No

.3 1

0A

No

.9 1

5A

No

.8 1

5A

SB

F-1

100

A

HEAD-LIGHTRELAYRH

HEAD-LIGHTRELAYLH

G

P-SUP-04D

H/L

(2L

)-01

RL

LW GR

LB

MB-10M/B FUSE NO. 8

MB-11M/B FUSE NO. 9

FB-16F/B FUSE NO. 11

(IG)

MB-5HEADLIGHT

RELAY

TO POWER SUPPLY ROUTING

LW 4

R 3

YL

LW

R

YL2

YB1

RY2

LW2

R1

YL3

P

PP 17

LW B1

R A1

F44

F45

F23

F7 B61

B62

R3 B99

B

REF. TO GND-02

RL2

R1

YL3

B71

B112

LY8

RY7

YB

B

LY

17

16

13

DIMMER & PASSINGSWITCH

UP LOW PASS

HF

HU

HL

E

SMJ

LB

H1

B36

SMJ

DIODE

R4

PARKING BRAKESWITCH

LIGHTING SWITCH

OFF

HC

TC

EL

HEADLIGHT LH

LOW

HIGH

HEADLIGHT RH

LOW

HIGH

REF. TO FOG(H4)-01

REF. TO FOG(H6)-01

REF. TO ST(MT)-01

REF. TO ST(AT)-01

B51A:B52C: F41G:

FB

-37

D4

D7

BG

D11

A2

WR

G4

BL

G1

BR

D10

FB

-35

FB

-34

1 2 34 5 6 7

1 2 34 5 6 7 8

Lg

B

Or

FUSE &RELAY BOX (F/B)

i5B:

B51A:

B152D:

B52C:

B158E:

F41G:

F40F:

FB

-36

A3

BG

G7

No

.5 1

0A

(GRAY)

P-SUP-03H

P-SUP-03F

P-SUP-04KP-SUP-04J

No

.1 2

0A

No

.2 1

5A

SB

F-6

30A

LR

2

R3

L1

R3

BW

2

W

SB

F-2

50A

SB

F-3

50A

SB

F-4

50A

F36 F38F68

P-SUP-04E

P-SUP-04MP-SUP-04L

P-SUP-03I

P-SUP-04G

1 2 3 45 6 7 8

F44B112

1 2 F23

12

3

(BLACK)

F7 (BLACK)

RELAY

DIODE

GROUND

CONNECTOR-1

CONNECTOR-2

CONNECTORSKETCH

FUSE No. & RATING

POWER SUPPLYROUTING

SMJ

WIRE TRACINGON EXTENDEDWIRING DIAGRAMS

SYMBOLS OFWIRECONNECTIONAND CROSSING

Example

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6. CONNECTOR SKETCH• Each connector sketch clearly identifies theshape and color of a connector as well as terminallocations. Non-colored connectors are indicated innatural color.• When more than two types of connector numberare indicated in a connector sketch, it means thatthe same type connectors are used.

7. GROUNDEach grounding point can be located easily by re-ferring to the corresponding wiring harness.

8. DIODEA symbol is used to indicate a diode.

9. WIRE TRACING ON EXTENDED WIRING DIAGRAMSFor a wiring diagram extending over at least twopages, a symbol (consisting of the same characterswith arrows), facilitates wire tracing from one pageto the next.A ←→ A, B ←→ B

10.SYMBOLS OF WIRE CONNECTION AND CROSSING

11.POWER SUPPLY ROUTINGA symbol is used to indicate the power supply ineach wiring diagram.“MB-5”, “MB-6”, etc., which are used as power-supply symbols throughout the text, correspondwith those shown in POWER SUPPLY ROUTINGin the wiring diagram.Accordingly, using the POWER SUPPLY ROUT-ING and wiring diagrams permits service personnelto understand the entire electrical arrangement of asystem.

12.CLASSIFICATION BY SPECIFICATIONWhen the wiring diagrams differ according to vehi-cle specifications, the specification difference is de-scribed by using abbreviations.

WI-00117

Symbol

Symbol Refers to wires which arecrossed but not connected.

Refers to wires which areconnected and branchedat the dot point.

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E: CONNECTOR SYMBOL IN WIRING HARNESSMain symbols of connector (in wiring harness) are indicated in below.

Female

Male

Water prooftype

Standard type

WI-02445

Female

Male

Pole: From 1 to 8 Pole: From 9 to 20 Pole: More than 21

Pole: From 1 to 8 Pole: From 9 to 20 Pole: More than 21

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F: ABBREVIATION IN WIRING DIA-GRAMS

Abbreviation Full name

ABS Antilock Brake System

ACC Accessory

A/C Air Conditioning

AD Auto Down

AT Automatic Transmission

AU Auto Up

+B Battery

DN Down

E Ground

F/B Fuse & Joint Box

FL1.5 Fusible link 1.5 mm2

IG Ignition

Illumi. Illumination

LH Left Hand

Lo Low

M Motor

M/B Main Fuse Box

MG Magnet

Mi Middle

OP Optional Parts

PASS Passing

RH Right Hand

SBF Slow Blow Fuse

ST Starter

SW Switch

UP Up

WASH Washer

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BASIC DIAGNOSTICS PROCEDURE - ken-gilbert.comken-gilbert.com › wrx › STi_Manual › 07. WIRING › 01. Basic... · 2016-11-10 · WI-4 WIRING SYSTEM BASIC DIAGNOSTICS PROCEDURE