Baseline study Communities in International Business€¦ · 1 Baseline study Communities in International Business Research report in the frame of the EU supported Asia Invest Project

1

Baseline study Communities in International Busines s Research report in the frame of the EU supported Asia Invest Project “Communities in International Business”. Introduction The 3 CBT networks in this project support and promote destinations in which communities experiment with community owned tourism. In most cases the destination is a protected area, such as a nature park or cultural heritage site. The communities in these destinations are supported by local NGO’s who act as inbound touroperator or who try to convince existing inbound touroperators to sell more community based products. The national networks try to unite the different local NGO’s and inbound touroperators that specialise in CBT. They supply them with training and international exposure. This project will focus on quality improvement in supply chain communication and on introduction of sustainability and comfort standards within the chain. Data gathered From the baseline studies performed in each of the project countries we can extract the following approximate data. Country Nr of sites

nominated for CBT certification

Nr. of communities involved in the sites

Nr of TO’s involved in selling the CBT products

Nr of annual foreign visitors to the sites

Nr of annual domestic visitors to the sites

Cambodia 8 8 1 8.000 1) 40.000 2) Indonesia 10 30 150 30.000 4) 5.000 Mongolia 11 20 3) 15 450 122

1) Included are also an important number of individual tourists (not through TO) 2) Nearly all are “day tourists” (one day excursions) 3) An important number of those “communities” are (large) families 4) important number of those tourists are consuming mainstream tourism products, not specific CBT One important observation to be made is that in Indonesia the national CBT organisation INDECON is promoting two different kinds of CBT sites: on the one hand existing tourism sites in which a spontaneous development took place, initiated either by the inhabitants or by local touroperators, towards more community based tourism and on the other hand communities.that started with CBT from the first moment. CCBEN and STDC are working mainly with the second category. This explain the big difference in the amount of presently involved touroperators in selling the product and the foreign tourist arrivals. Obviously, some already frequently visited tourism sites are involved in the project in Indonesia, contrary to the more isolated CBT sites in Mongolia and Cambodia. A second observation is that the sites and communities promoted in Mongolia are of a different character than the ones in Cambodia and Indonesia. The sites are much bigger (steppe areas) instead of the villages or rural regions in Indonesia and Cambodia. Also, the communities are more extended families instead of village populations. Conclusions The following conclusions can be drawn from the three studies performed by the project partners, as annexed to this report.

2

1. Location & access The location of the CBT sites are generally isolated, and not on existing tourism tracks. With the exception of a few sites in Indonesia.

2. Level of comfort & services The level of comfort is generally very basic compared to the average tourism standard. This is because accommodation is usually provided through homestays. It is not recommended for the community experience to adapt a lot towards western standards. Therefor ECEAT has introduced the concept of minimum comfort standard for European homestays without specialisation or star system for comfort criteria. In all three national CBT networks though, the level of comfort need to be raised a little to avoid the most pressing negative experiences like sickness (hygiene), dangerous situations (animals, insects) and culturally embarrassing situations (minimum privacy). 3. Level of sustainability and community involvement Because most CBT initiatives are started as sustainable alternatives from the beginning, the level of sustainability is relatively high compared to other tourism in Asia. For example in the Cambodian case it has been well documented what community benefits have been generated by the tourism activities. Still there is a one general concern with respect to sustainability, and that is the economic sustainability in terms of capacity to manage and promote CBT without external donor aid and adhoc projects. Again, especially in the case of Cambodia, without external NGO’s pushing the communities constantly towards emancipation and commercialisation it seems not really viable yet. 4. Level of international orientation and commercialisation The aspect of international orientation and commercialisation of the existing CBT initiatives is least developed of all mentioned characteristics, hence the reason why this project concentrates on the international supply chain. The project partners INDECON, CCBEN and STDC are more active in product development than in international promotion. For each of the project partners it remains an open question whether or not they should be more active in marketing of the CBT initiatives themselves or if they have to stimulate existing TO’s to take up CBT products in their packages. Since the start of the project, the project partners tend to favour the solution of establishing an international marketing platform for Asian CBT. Whether this platform will sell directly CBT products or will promote TO’s that sell these products remains again an open question for now. • Annex 1 Country study CBT in Indonesia (13 pages) • Annex 2 Country study CBT in Cambodia • Annex 3 Country study CBT in Mongolia

1

CBT in Indonesia COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM IN INDONESIA ..................................................... 2 1. THE RINJANI ECO TREK – A TRADITIONAL SASAK EXPERIENCE .......................... 5 2. LOMBOK THROUGH TRADITIONAL SASAK EYES ............................................ 6 3. TRADITIONAL SAILING TO KOMODO......................................................... 7 4. TREKKING ALONG AMANDIT RIVER.......................................................... 8 5. DISCOVERING UNIQUE CULTURE AND RUSTIC LIFE OF TORAJA ......................... 9 6. JOURNEY INTO GREEN SUNDANESSE HEARTLAND........................................10 7. TANGKAHAN ADVENTURE ...................................................................11 8. MOUNT LEUSER NATIONAL PARK ADVENTURE............................................12 9. CANDIREJO....................................................................................13 10. TADO AND WAEREBO .......................................................................14

2

COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM IN INDONESIA Background Indonesia is gifted by vast and valuable natural resources, rich historical heritage, as well as captivating traditional arts and cultures. The potentials lie in more-than-17,000 island of Indonesia populated by more than 220 million people of more than 500 ethnicities. Therefore some bio-conservationists have classified Indonesia as a mega-diversity country. Indonesia and its potentials have surely become worldwide major tourist attractions. Nevertheless, in 1980s Indonesian tourism was still oriented in income generating, such as how to enhance income through foreign exchange and to increase tax. Its development had been directed merely towards commercialization purposes. In other words, tourism was specifically perceived as an instrument to increase profit; ignoring that its implementation had marginalized the community living around the tourism sites. Essentially, tourism does own non-economic or non-commercial advantages. Tourism can be used to widen knowledge and to increase the quality of social-cultural values, integrity, existence, conservation, environment functions; as well as many other advantages. This other deliverables of tourism now have been acknowledged globally and a new tourism concept has started to embark and in demand. This global shift of tourism concept has also colored the change of tourism paradigm in Indonesia. Since 1995, the ecotourism concept has been growing in Indonesia. Conservation International started the first community based ecotourism project in Togean island, Tomini Gulf, Central Sulawesi. The Jaringan Ekowisata Togean (JET) or Togean ecotourism network consisting of three different villages in Togean Island was established as an output of the project. This project was chosen as highly commended ecotourism destination by the British Airways Tourism for Tomorrow Award in 1998. Following this success, other community based projects were initiated by the Consortium of National NGO’s supported by USAID’s CBN (Community Based Network) program, and Gunung Halimun National Park in West Java was selected as a pilot project in 1998. Today, Halimun community based program still exists and has received both international and domestic tourists; while Togean has become an international tourism destination for diving. As described above, NGO has played initiating role in the process to develop community based tourism. Reasons for this are (1): the lack of community being involved in the development of tourism and in conserving natural and cultural resources; (2) the increase of environmental degradation caused by destructive activities such as illegal logging, illegal poaching, bombing, and cyanide. In 1997, the Indonesian government launched a concept of Pariwisata Inti Rakyat (PIR), which focused on means to increase the participation of community in tourism development. Unfortunately, tourism development in Indonesia has declined considerably due to multi dimension crisis since 1998, which was started by economic crisis and further followed by political crisis in the end of 1998. The economic crisis has exaggerated environmental degradation, through illegal logging as well as increasing use of bomb and cyanide in fishery activities. In 2004, Indecon has conducted a study on community based tourism development adjacent to conservation areas. Community Based Tourism (CBT) is defined as “tourism activities which are owned and run by the community itself”. This study on several community based tourism sites in Java and Sumatra has described 2(two) different development patterns, which are: 1. Spontaneous CBT – where natural and cultural resources attract visitors and tourism

grows significantly without planning. This pattern is largely found in Java and Sumatra. The most popular example is tourism development in Bromo Tengger Semeru National

3

Park. The Tengger community living around the national park plays significant role in various tourism-supporting activities and is highly involved in providing nearly all of tourism components, such as transportation, accommodation, food stall, coat rental, horse rental, etc. The second example would be the Bukit Lawang areas, Gunung Leuser National Park in North Sumatera, which is known as the first rehabilitation centre for Orang Utan in Indonesia. Here, the community is the main agent in tourism by providing guide services, accommodation, food stall, money changer, and transportation.

2. CBT developed and facilitated by NGO with support from donors. These kinds of programs are usually undertaken in order to find solutions for some problems, such as to reduce the pace of environmental degradation (natural and cultural resources). These programs also aim to utilize tourism as a mean to increase local income and propose alternative income generating activities for the community against some on-going rather destructive activities.

The second pattern is more often exercised in Indonesia, for example, in Gunung Halimun National Park, Rinjani National Park, Candirejo village-Borobudur-Central Java, Togean Islands, Ujung Kulon, and many more. Nevertheless, in general community based tourism still grows relatively slowly because of the following issues:

• CBT needs considerably long time to be developed, due to its nature in focusing on community capacity building program.

• CBT needs huge investment

• Lack of adequate infrastructure, lack of capable human resources, poor destination management by local communities, and

• no marketing strategy add up to the list of constraints . Network Establishment and Development Process Criteria and product development was conducted in consultative process through a series of workshop. These activities were held together by Indecon with Yayasan Bumi Kita dan Yayasan Bina Swadaya covering 4(four) different regions in Indonesia: West Java, North Sumatra, West Nusa Tenggara, and South Sulawesi. These four regions were selected due to not only their existing community based tourism, but also their potentials and strength. The workshops have set the main principles in product development, and moreover proposed initiative to establish a network which would bring the process into recognition and promote the product for national and international market. The promotion of principles and criteria aims to increase the quality of product, as well as encourage tour operators in the network to choose accommodation and create activity package which are appropriate, responsible, and responsive to the principles of sustainable tourism. There are 3(three) principles and criteria in product development, which are: Principle 1. Traveler Friendly The operation should provide an enjoyable experience for travelers who appreciate nature and local culture. Criteria for the first principle are:

1. Pristine and Aesthetic 2. Safe, Clean and Comfortable 3. Friendly and Efficient Staff 4. Discovery of local nature and culture.

4

Principle 2. Nature Friendly The operation should be designed and managed in a way that will reduce environmental impact and enhance natural conservation. Criteria for the second principle are:

1. Implement environmentally friendly based planning in policy, management, landscape and building.

2. Low water, energy, and chemicals consumption. 3. Reduce waste and exercise environmentally friendly disposal mechanism 4. Participate in environmental education and conservation.

Principle 3, Community Friendly The operation should contribute to the welfare of local people and enhance local culture. Criteria for the third principle are:

1. Prioritize locals for employees 2. Promote relations with local communities. 3. Increase participation and economic opportunities 4. Support to local culture

In 2006, a regional network has been established in West Java, North Sumatera, Sulawesi, and West Nusa Tenggara.; and Indecon plays a role as a national network. These network forums act to facilitate product development at local, district and provincial level; while INDECON as the main network moves in national and international level. Furthermore, now the network has expanded to Bali, East Nusa Tenggara, Central Java, and South Sumatra. Below is briefly described some products which have been jointly formulated by the ecotourism network via the workshops. It is expected that it would greatly widen our knowledge, and for tour operators it would improve skills to create high standard and responsible tour packages.

5

West Nusa Tenggara

1. THE RINJANI ECO TREK – A TRADITIONAL SASAK EXPERIENCE Location & Access Mount Rinjani is located at 3,726 meters above sea level in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara; and together with its surrounding forest belongs to the Gunung Rinjani National Park (GRNP). The adjacent village is also the house of the traditional Sasak community, while two other surrounding villages, Desa Senaru and Desa Sembalun, which also the gateway to Rinjani Trek have now developed its owned community based tourism. Rinjani is relatively accessible about 2 hour drive from Mataram, a capital city of Lombok. Daily flights to Mataram are available from Bali, Jakarta, Surabaya, Jogyakarta, Singapore, and Kuala Lumpur. While for those who want to go by sea can use ferryboats departing every two hours from seaport in Padang Bai in Bali to Lembar in Lombok; which are available for 24 hours. Tourists will be picked up directly from the airport or from hotel in Senggigi. Level of comfort & services The Rinjani Eco Trek (TRET) is a five-day-and-four-night ecotourism package; developed and organized by community in Desa Senaru and Desa Sembalun. The main feature would be trekking experience to the mysterious Mount Rinjani and Segara Anakan sacred Lake, promenade walk through rice carpet, and humble day-to-day village life. Upon arrival, tourists will be welcomed in local manner. Before proceeding to trekking, tourists will follow a traditional procession which is meant to bless them with health and safety during the journey. Overnight stay will be provided at the village, either in a berugaq (a traditional pavilion) or at full board homestay (although few restaurants are also available around). Services and facilities include accommodation, special tent with mattress and hot water, and information office. All are regularly maintained to meet the standard expectation of tourists. Level of sustainability and community involvement CBT in Rinjani is a monumental community success in establishing and managing its tourism local asset thus increasing local prosperity. The communities in these two villages have established code of conduct focusing on rubbish management and safety procedures for tourists to obey. This is used not only as a way to protect the environment but also to increase the level of comfort for tourists. Level of international orientation and commercialization Rinjani Trek Management Board has won The International Legacy Award in 2004 sponsored by Conservation International (CI) and National Geographic; as well as National Award from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2004, and becoming a finalist in British Airway’s Tourism For Tomorrow Award in 2005 and 2007. Information on Rinjani ecotourism is accessible via website www.lombokrinjanitrek.org and www.lomboksumbawa.com, or direct contact via email to [email protected]. Other contacts are also available through INDECON and Bumi Kita Foundation for further information.

6

2. LOMBOK THROUGH TRADITIONAL SASAK EYES Location & Access This ecotourism package extends from Bali to Lombok. This product is maintained by community of Desa Senaru, Desa Segenter, and Desa Teteh Batu together with the community of Desa Sasak in Bali. The package starts with transportation from Senggigi Airport to the venues. Level of comfort & services The main feature of this product is visiting several different villages in Lombok, closely watching their day-to-day activities, learning their intrinsic economic activities from simple palm sugar producing to exquisite songket weaving, as well as interacting with locals – and not to forget welcomed by traditional art performances. Tourists will also have opportunity to buy souvenirs in local market, eat traditional foods in local restaurants for their breakfast, lunch and dinner, and stay in some local hotels. All are selectively chosen to meet the standard expectation of tourists. In addition, tourists are invited to visit the holy temple Pura Batu Bolong; explore monkey’s life, beautiful forest, and stunning scenery of Senggigi; climb the sacred Mountain Rinjani, and relax in Kuta white sandy beach. Level of sustainability and community involvement The community has established a code of conduct focusing on rubbish management. This code and the whole concept of ecotourism are introduced to tourists and well implemented along the trip routes. Local communities are coordinated in preparing accommodations, meals, and transportation; as well as working as tour leaders and traditional performances as a part of the package. Level of international orientation and commercialization Information on Lombok Sasak ecotourism is accessible via website www.lombokrinjanitrek.org and www.lomboksumbawa.com, or direct contact via email to [email protected]. Other contacts are also available through INDECON and Bumi Kita Foundation for further information.

7

3. TRADITIONAL SAILING TO KOMODO Location & Access This package is essentially a compilation of hop-on hop-off sailing experience in Nusa Tenggara water using chartered boat. It will start in Mataram, Lombok and after visiting some islands return to Labuhan harbor at the eastern part of Lombok. Level of comfort & services In this package, firstly tourists will be taken to the exotic Satonda Island with a salt water lake inside, and then picked up to reach Komodo Island and Rinca Island for exploring Komodo. Apart from the sailing, tourists will also have opportunity for some cultural exposure, by visiting Narmada water palace and temple, the pottery village in east Masbagik, to buy souvenirs in its traditional market, and the unique Phinisi boat making in Satonda Island. Water sport activities are also inclusive: snorkeling in Donggo beach and swimming in cold waterfall in Moyo Island. All facilities and services will be professionally served to guarantee the satisfaction of tourists joining this trip. Level of sustainability and community involvement Understanding that their economic sector really depends on its environment, the community has realized that taking care of the environment would be such an investment which itself will help them to increase their welfare. Lombok Friends of Ecotourism is then used by the community for doing the conservation investment through conserving the natural resources and taking advantage of Komodo as the main interest to be sold to tourists. Level of international orientation and commercialization From the data recorded, in 2006 more than 3,957 international tourists came to Lombok to visit Komodo National Park. Most of them came from Europe, US, and Australia. They found that Komodo, as a main attraction of the tour, is so fascinating that they want to explore more about the ancient dragon. After BBC and Discovery Channel had officially produced a TV serial about Komodo, Komodo becomes more appreciated. It fascinatingly attracts tourists to come and fulfill their curiosity. This package is created to complete the experience that can be obtained by tourists coming to Lombok, take them to places where the habitat lives, and have additional tour to see other natural richness of Lombok. Together with some local tour operators, the community has made some promotional tools in the website www.lomboksumbawa.com and also provided some brochures and leaflets for tourists seeking information about this product. Local tour operator members include Sunda Tralls, Bidy, Orisa, Ideal, Perama and Wimala. Other contacts are also available through INDECON and Bumi Kita Foundation via their emails for further information.

8

BORNEO 4. TREKKING ALONG AMANDIT RIVER Location & Access Trekking along Amandit River takes five days and four nights; starting from Syamsudin Airport, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan heading for Loksado for about four hours driving to Malaris Village. The route for the journey from Malaris Village is continued to Balai Kepayang, Muara Tanuhi, Muara Hatib, Bubuih, Kandangan, and return to Banjarmasin. Transportation is included in the package using various vehicles, but mostly is done by trekking; which is the main ecotourism activity offered in this journey. Level of comfort & services Through this ecotourism package, tourist will experience the possibility to see Dayak Meratus farmland, rubber plantation owned by Dayak Tribe, rainforest on the Meratus Mountain area with a one night stay in a provided tent; to observe shifting cultivation rice field and cinnamon plantation along Amandit River; to visit an interesting floating market where people do trading on the boat; as well as to glimpse over long tailed Macaque, bulbuls, and eagles. Irresistible three hour bamboo rafting is also included in a trip, rest is airport transfer in and out, boat to the float market, hotel in Banjarmasin, communal house, lodge in Muara Hatib, meals, porter to carry food, supporting equipments for trekking, and also English speaking guide. All of these facilities and services are maintained professionally to satisfy tourists joining this journey. Level of sustainability and community involvement Kalimantan is so identical with Dayak Tribe who lives in the hinterland and earns their living from hunting, fishing, and collecting forest products provided by the nature. Therefore, protecting environment and natural resources is a part of their life as they are highly concerned on the earth which is serving their life. Since they found out that ecotourism can be developed in such kind of life authenticity and that ecotourism is able to give alternative income benefit for them; their awareness to conserve and protect their land has significantly increased and associated tourism activities have been obviously supported by the community. Level of international orientation and commercialization Go Indonesia Tour is ready to serve those who want to book this package by contacting via email [email protected] and phone 62-8125020781. For national coverage, INDECON, Bina Swadaya Ecotourism Project and The Natural Guide are also available to be contacted.

9

SULAWESI 5. DISCOVERING UNIQUE CULTURE AND RUSTIC LIFE OF TORAJA Location & Access Located 400 km from Ujung Pandang in the central highlands of South Sulawesi, Toraja is located at 700+ meters above sea level. With its 3.205,77 kms² width, Tana Toraja stretches from km 280 up to km 355 of the northern of Makassar, or only about 5% of the total width of South Sulawesi. Tana Toraja is positioned at latitudes 2° - 3° and longitude 199° - 120°. It is quite easy to get to reach Toraja. From Hasanuddin Airport Makassar, a car can take tourists for about 50 minutes driving to Pangkajene in which to take a-one-hour boat trip to finally arrive in Tana Toraja. To name some of the reasons Tana Toraja is famous for are the amazing traditional house architectures; vibrant funeral ceremonies; Phinisi boats and the legendary spice trade; sea gardens of Takabonerate National Park as the third largest coral atoll in the world; stone forests; and stunning scenery of numerous Karstic outcrops including its 400km² Maros Karsts which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Level of comfort & services All of those attractions are offered by Celebes Ecotourism Forum (CEF) as an ecotourism package to discover unique culture and rustic life of Toraja. Including in the package is a chance for tourists experience authentic life from exploring Soreang River on canoe to visiting Toraja villages, and stay in a pleasant and memorable hospitality of the Torajan community. The services offered include guide assistances (French, English, German, Dutch speaking guides), rooms on sharing basis with full board meals, refreshment en route, entrance fee, tour donation, excursion and transfer, air conditioning transport, assistance at the airport/meeting service and single supplement at the hotel. Level of sustainability and community involvement The environmental degradation in Tana Toraja has significantly damaged natural resources in Tana Toraja, especially non renewable resources and has decreased natural bearing capacity; thus in long term threatening the life of people in Tana Toraja. Based on this point of view, the local government together with the community tries to resolve the problem, by using the nature in a sustainable way whilst simultaneously conserving it. In order to achieve this objective, they prepare themselves with some environmental training; which aim to help in maintenance, development, and evaluation on the use of natural resources and their environment to efficiently meet its function and quality standard as stated. This initiative has practically become a role model for other regions to treat the environment in the same way, as they start to see the upcoming benefits out of it. Level of international orientation and commercialization Tana Toraja has been well-known as the main tourism destination in South Sulawesi and Eastern Indonesia areas nationally and internationally since 1960. Its target market is mostly those who are interested in experiencing cultural tourism. The unique and distinct tradition in Tana Toraja has always fascinated tourists. Fresh and clean environment, traditional art and handicraft, hospitality, and guaranteed safety; all support its promising development of tourism, both for domestic and international segment.

10

WEST JAVA 6. JOURNEY INTO GREEN SUNDANESSE HEARTLAND a. Location & Access Nestled on a hilly mountainous range, Gunung Halimun National Park (GHNP) is one of the remaining tropical rainforests in Java. The 40,000 hectare area of GHNP stretches over 3 different Kabupatens of located Sukabumi, Bogor and Lebak in West Java and Banten province. Geographically, it lies between longitude 106º21’-106º38’ and latitudes 6º37’-6º51’. The location is highly and easily accessible from Jakarta by car, direct transfer can also be organized easily upon arrival at the airport to reach the location. b. Level of comfort & services Working together with some tour operators, the community has further established various ecotourism packages for tourists promising different and unique experiences. The service features the exquisite scenery of green Nirmala Tea Plantation, diversity of jungle trekking, exciting canopy trail built in the forest, staying at HB Riverside Guest House - a simple and clean accommodation nestled at the border of Cinangneng Village, and tasteful traditional foods for breakfast, lunch and diner. The package also provides services such as admission to places of interests, local guide, forest ranger, porter and English speaking tour leader/eco-guide/interpreter/naturalist. All supported facilities are also maintained to meet the standard of hygiene, cleanness, sanitary, drinking water, electric power and communication facilities that are expected by tourists. Level of sustainability and community involvement Community groups supported by tourism businesses, NGOs and the local government have developed responsible ecotourism and it has worked very well. Active participation of the local community living the adjacent villages has supported environmental conservation, which in return simultaneously improving simultaneously improved their economic welfare. The ecotourism package managed in this area has increased numbers of business owned and run by the community. Awareness in preserving culture heritage and natural environment has improved among community members as they know it could be used as a marketable tourism asset thus able to give so much contribution to enhance their prosperity. Level of international orientation and commercialization Halimun is a well known tourism site in Indonesia as it is so easy to access. Information about the CBT in this site can be obtained from internet or tourism brochures in Indonesia. Contacts for national and international coverage are also provided for those who are interested to visit the venue while the website www.tnhalimun.go.id.

11

NORTH SUMATRA 7. TANGKAHAN ADVENTURE Location & Access Tangkahan is located about 124 kms from Medan, the capital city of North Sumatera via Medan-Tanjungpura-Batang Serangan-Tangkahan route or about 95 km taking Medan-Stabat-Simpang Sawit Seberang-Batang Serangan-Tangkahan route. Those two routes will take about 3-4 hour drive. Tangkahan is also one of the zones in Gunung Leuser National Park. Level of comfort & services Tangkahan adventure is a three day and two night ecotourism package offered by the community of Tangkahan village. The trip starts from Medan Airport then continues straightforward to Tangkahan, by four hour drive along rubber and palm plantation. A cleaned and well maintained ecolodge is provided for tourists to stay overnight and have a dinner accompanied by bird sound from the jungle. The main feature of this package however would be a full day trekking through the lush rainforest that will bring tourists to see incredible tropical plants including medicinal plants growing along the trail. Tourists may spot orangutan, leaf monkeys, long tailed macaques, and great argus, and explore bat caves with thousands of bats. Tourists can also unwind in the clear water of Tangkahan River or swim in the Garut River Waterfall nearby. The package includes entrance fee, AC coach, accommodation and meals, and English, German, Spanish, French speaking guide. Level of sustainability and community involvement Tangkahan village is the site of a successful CBT project where the former illegal loggers have radically transformed their source of livelihood into the nature protector through ecotourism. This initiative has successfully increased the level of local prosperity. LPT (Tangkahan Tourism Association) was formed in 19 May 2001 with the community as its members. Supported by INDECON, BTNGL, and local government; the members were provided by trainings,promoted to tourism exhibitions, and assisted to establish trekking package offered to tourists. These efforts are then further supported by establishing Community Response Unit (CRU) to ensure safety in the area. Level of international orientation and commercialization Information about Tangkahan can be accessed via email [email protected] or [email protected]. For national coverage, INDECON, Bina Swadaya Ecotourism Project and The Natural Guide are also available to be contacted. Some local tour operator members such as Horasindo and Narasindo Tours and Travel are also available to accommodate those who are interested to book this package.

12

8. MOUNT LEUSER NATIONAL PARK ADVENTURE Location & Access Mount Leuser National Park is relatively undisturbed ecosystem types including the areas of beach forest, lowland swamp forest, wetlands, lowland rainforest, alpine and mount Leuser. Mount Leuser itself is located at 3,119meters above sea level. From Medan, the place can be reached by a daily bus or it takes 5 hour drive by car. Level of comfort & services Mount Leuser National Park Adventure is a five day and four night tour package. The package enables tourists to explore 129 species of mammals; including Sumateran Orang Utan, Sumateran Tiger, Sumatran Rhino, Tapir, Elephant, Gibbon, leaf monkey, and many others together with its biodiversity richness. The accommodation for tourists is located in Tangkahan Village, itself beautifully contemplated by its beautiful pristine forest, clean river, hot spring, and bat caves. Tourists will also be taken by care to Bahorok to see Orang Utan Rehabilitation Centre at Bukit Lawang Village. The services included in this package are AC coach, accommodation, entrance fee, meals and English/German/Spanish/French speaking Guide. All services and equipments are provided professionally to meet the standard expected by tourists and regularly up to dated because of the growing needs of more demanding tourists. Level of sustainability and community involvement The area was threatened by illegal logging which had deforested almost 15% of the total area until 1997 when the community finally tried to reduce the deforestation. Tangkahan was selected as a pilot project of CBT. The authority was then delegated to the community to manage a tourism project by setting up an entrance fee used for conservation purposes. Through some ecotourism trainings they stop illegal logging and use ecotourism as their source of living. National award for the conservation category was received from Department of Culture and Tourism of Indonesia. Level of international orientation and commercialization Under the same management with Tangkahan Adventure, information about Mount Leuser National Park Adventure can be accessed via email [email protected] or [email protected]. For national coverage, tourists may contact INDECON, Bina Swadaya Ecotourism Project and The Natural Guide. Some local tour operator members such as Horasindo and Narasindo Tours and Travel are also available to accommodate those who are interested to book this package.

13

Central Java 9. CANDIREJO Location & Access Desa Candirejo can be reached either from Semarang (90kms), Solo (100kms), or Yogyakarta (40kms) by various land transportation means such as taxi and bus. From the main Semarang-Yogyakarta road, the village can be easily accessed ojek or delman. Tourist can also use hired taxi to go directly to Desa Candirejo from Adi Sucipto Airport Yogyakarta. Level of comfort & services Desa Candirejo is a hilly tourism village which is part of Menoreh mountainous area. Candirejo itself means “fertile mountainous area”. The village offers some CBT products by letting tourists to experience the way of village life by walking around the village and learning about local traditions, cultures, arts, handicraft making, and traditional farming system in Candirejo. Some other environmental based activities are also offered, such as birdwatching, catching fish, or simply learning about natural environment. Accommodation is arranged at more-than-twenty homestay, which are owned and organized by the community themselves. These are always properly maintained in order to meet the expectation of tourists. Here, tourists can experience not only living in some old traditional Javanese rural house, but also to live, dine, and interact with the inhabitants themselves. Many have returned home not only with beautiful pictures, but also some new friends. Traditional art shows are sometimes performed to increase the level of satisfaction and the reconnaissance to the traditional authenticity of the village, yet moreover to revive and stimulate the preservation of such culture itself. Level of sustainability and community involvement The community in Desa Candirejo has a strong spirit to grow. People notice that the distinctive culture growing in their society could be developed as a marketable tourism asset. The authenticity of the village, the culture, and the environment were noticed by Natural Resources Management for Local Community Empowerment (NRE-LCE) of Yayasan PATRA-PALA, fund-supported by Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA). It has became one of ten projects conducted by the organization, focusing on conservation program in Mountain Menoreh, conserving Borobudur as a national monument and world cultural heritage, by empowering local community. In addition to its success story, local handmade handicraft using natural resources has recorded staggering sales to tourists. Level of international orientation and commercialization The data taken from local government shows that number of international visitors coming to the village is much higher than domestic ones. Until November 2007, Desa Candirejo had attracted at least 1,100 international visitors; which likely to grow if the promotion is done continuously. It is planned that Desa Candirejo will develop its promotional networking with Indonesia Ecotourism Network Java and Bali. Website will also be developed together with leaflet, CD, and other data bases presenting the village profile to support its promotion to wider market.

14

East Nusa Tenggara 10. TADO AND WAEREBO Location & Access Situated in West and Central Manggarai District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Tado is geographically located at S 08º38’-40’ and E 120º02’-07’ while Waerebo is located at S 08º46’-145’ and E 120º17’-40’. Tado is accessible by 1.5 hour drive eastward from the port city of Labuan Bajo, the entry point to Komodo National Park. Three different airlines fly daily to Labuan Bajo from Denpasar and Kupang. Waerebo is accessible by few hour drive southward from the recent Homo Floresiensis discovery and by two hour drive from Ruteng. Transportation available are car, motorbike rental, local transports, bemo (small public bus), and ojek (motorbike taxi). It is recommended to get accompanied by local drivers or local guides. Level of comfort & services As part of ecotourism activities which is being promoted, visitors are requested to pay a one-time entrance fee to participate in any four of ten ecotourism activities, which are : • Pandan palm mat weaving • Traditional medicine manufacturing • Traditional seed-oil lamps producing • Dishes made from coconut husks • Cooking and preparation of traditional foods • Rope making using sugar palm fibers • Local ancestral rites tied to rice agriculture • Consumption of edible insects • Bamboo baskets weaving • Carving children wooden toys These following special interest tours are also available:

• Ancient rituals As a part of cultural conservation program, community will share ancestral songs, stories and dances, which have been handed down over the generations. Locally renowned caci dancers will share the rituals, legends, mysteries, and music associated with this famous Manggarai dance. As an added bonus, guests will be invited to witness the centuries-old practice of palm wine extraction. A tasting of the potent locally-produced tuak is included.

• Jungle survival In ancient time the trip from Tado to Labuan Bajo took an entire day and a night on foot, traveling along dense forest trails. This program recreates this trek and includes the re-creation of ethno biological practices used in earlier times to obtain food, water, and herbal medicines from wild plants. A special “take-away-along-the-trail” lunch of traditional foods and packaging will be provided.

• Traditional artistry & craft On this tour, tourists will receive hands-on experience in the crafting of traditional crafts and games using traditional clay pottery and lovely multicolored weavings produced on traditional looms. An unforgettable experience, including one-of-a-kind, hand-made souvenirs. All special-request tours last between 3-4 hours, and include drinks, snacks, and a home-cooked meal.

Tado is a new eco-tourism village. There are no established tourist facilities nor commercial restaurants or accommodation providers found in this area. Overnight stays can be informally arranged by staying in a local household where tourists can enjoy traditional foods prepared by the host family. People in Tado have established code of

15

conduct for serving visitors so it is recommended that visitors consult services they expect to be adapted with the established local code of conduct. Like Tado, Wae Rebo is also a new eco-tourism village. Wae Rebo does not provide proper tourist facilities, commercial restaurants, or accommodation. However, that condition is certainly perceived as a tourism attraction offered for some tourist to be enjoyed. There is a CBT package arranged for tourists to stay in a house with other eight local families which is common in Wae Rebo. This could be a unique experience. Tourists could have chance to have breakfast and dinner together with the locals while learning about culture, lifestyle, and activities of the locals closely. Level of sustainability and community involvement ECO-SEA and the Tado community participated in the first Ethnobotany Session, organized by our Australian colleagues. For the Flora Malesiana VI (FM VI) meetings, held in Los Banos, Philippines on September 20-24, 2004, ECO-SEA is a co-sponsor of the second Ethnobotany Session described at the FM VI website, Flora Malesiana VI. Other achievements of CBT in Tado are: (i) ten volumes of research results that have been published internally by P3MT and ECO-SEA as well as reviewed by hundreds of Tado community members; (ii) five Tado research associates and elders presented research results at international conferences resulting in a number of jointly-authored scientific publications, (iii) Tado have raised 10 - 15% of the annual program budget through handicraft sales, material aid programs on going with five local elementary schools, and, (iv) one Tado settlement had initiated a water supply construction project. Level of international orientation and commercialization Labuan Bajo is annually visited by more than 13,000 international tourists who are served by local tour operators. All those tour operators who are estimated to primarily bring the tourists visiting Komodo NP will be interested also to take their tourists to Tado and Waerebo. A tourism survey by WISATA shows that tourists to Flores Island are highly interested in culture and natural attractions beyond Komodo NP. Tado and Waerebo provide more diverse nature-culture offerings to enrich experiences gained by tourists coming to Flores. WISATA and INDECON have brought the Tado and Waerebo community based ecotourism (CBE) programs to the attention of the regional West Manggarai Government and local tour operators in Labuan Bajo by also providing brochures containing educational tool and list of cultural activities offered.

1

CBT in Cambodia Summary - CB(E)T in Cambodia 3 1. Virachey National Park, Rattanakiri Province 7 2. Yeak Laom, Rattanakiri Province 9 3. Chambok, Kampong Speu Province 11 4. Banteay Chhmar, Banteay Mean Chey Province 13 5. Prek Toal and Peak Kanteil Floating Villages, Ba ttambang Province 15 6. Kampong Pluk, Siem Reap 17 7. Ang Trapeang Thmor, Banteay Mean Chey Province 20 8. Tmatboey, Preah Vihear Province 21

2

3

Summary – CB(E)T in Cambodia 1. Location and Access Most of the current CB(E)T sites assisted by CCBEN members are located in the northern part of the country as illustrated below. Sites located close to the major tourist gateways – Siem Reap and Phnom Penh – are more easily accessible due to better infrastructure and public transportation than sites in the remote areas. In the remote areas, rainy season increases the travel time required to reach the sites.

2. Level of Comfort and Services Roughly 60 per cent of the CB(E)T sites offer home stays. However, there are no minimum standard requirements for the home stays and therefore the level of comfort and services are very basic at present time. Tmatboey CB(E)T site has community run guest lodges, which won the Wildasia best community run home stay/guesthouse award in 2007. Out of the maximum 100 responsible tourism score, the guest lodge received 78 by strongly promoting local employment, respecting local cultures, protecting nature, conserving resources, reducing waste and participating in benchmarking programs. Communities prepare the food for the visitors. Meals provide an insight to the local way of life and additional income to the communities. However, the hygiene levels are very basic and should be improved in order to improve the quality of CB(E)T experience in Cambodia. In addition, considering the profile of current and potential markets, vegetarian options should be offered. Six out of eight CB(E)T sites have English speaking guides. However, the level of English is very basic and therefore tour groups bring their own guides from Phnom Penh/Siem Reap to assist in communication and in interpreting the site and its values.

4

Activities have mainly been developed based on natural features of the sites and village life. Virachey National Park has developed an ecotourism strategy based on which mountain biking and trekking tours (2 to 8 days) have been developed. Unique birds are the main attraction at Prek Toal, Battambang Province and Tmatboey in Preah Vihear Province. Tonle Sap Lake – the cradle of life in Cambodia – provides an opportunity to visit the floating villages and experience a life style on the lake. Shopping opportunities at the CB(E)T sites are almost non-existent. The variety of handicrafts is limited and the design is more targeted to the domestic markets than to international markets. Based on the above, CB(E)T in Cambodia faces the following challenges:

� lack of regional planning – limited clustering approach � lack of activities – current CBT product mainly concentrated around one

theme/resource and therefore does not encourage tourists to stay longer � limited interpretation – the CBT experience should educate both visitors and hosts � limited enthusiasm from the community’s side – CB(E)T is considered as an idea

developed by outsiders and therefore the host community is not doing it with their ‘heart’

� limited monitoring of product quality (limited number of visitor satisfaction surveys; feedback from private sector; feedback from the communities etc)

� weak involvement of travel trade. 3. Level of Sustainability and Community Involvemen t Majority of the CB(E)T sites are being assisted by non-governmental organizations who are assisting the communities to set up proper community structures (e.g. tourism sub-committees) and benefit sharing mechanisms. However, the unclear roles of provincial governments and provincial tourism administrations,, lack of transparency in decision making and benefit sharing, lack of social equity in planning, managing and implementing tourism initiatives, dependence on external entities, limited capacities of the communities in running micro and small scale enterprises, and limited access to the markets pose a number of challenges in ensuring sustainability of CB(E)T initiatives in Cambodia. The following table summarizes the income distribution and benefit sharing currently used in CB(E)T in Cambodia.

To the villagers providing the

service

To environmental

conservation

To community development

fund

To other purposes

CB(E)T site Income (US$) in 2007

US$ % US$ % US$ % US$ % Virachey 4,000 1,800 45 1,600 40 600 15 Yeak Laom 12,000 12,000 100 Chambok 12,000 9,000 75 1500 12.5 1500 12.5 Banteay Chhmar

1,774 1,295 73 355 20 124 7

Prek Toal/ Peak Kanteil

36,640 14,290 39 11,358 31 10,992 30

Kampong Pluk 553 11 2 11 2 525 95 6 1 Ang Trapeang Thmar

2,850 2,850 100

Tmatboey 5,560 3,120 56 2,340 42 100 2 Total 75,377 41,516 55 17,319 23 5,320 7 11,222 15 Table: Income distribution at CB(E)T sites, Source: CCBEN and its members In 2007, community-based ecotourism at eight sites generated roughly US$ 75,377 of which 55% was allocated to the villagers providing the service, 23% to environmental conservation,

5

7% to community development funds and 15% to other purposes such as supporting the poorest families and the projects in general. It is estimated that around 2,000 families are directly or indirectly involved in CB(E)T activities in the eight sites presented in this report. Since the normal family size in Cambodia is 5 it could be stated that these sites benefit around 10,000 people. However, this number could be increased by intensifying the linkages from tourism to rural communities. The economic sustainability of CB(E)T sites depends a lot on the number of visitors to the sites. Therefore a lot more work needs to be done in improving the quality of the sites, engaging private sector in CB(E)T, and in marketing and promotion. Partnerships between private sector and community need assistance from both the Government and NGOs. Government should provide the overall framework for sound and fair partnerships and sustainable tourism operations. Therefore policies should encourage, support and promote actions by enterprises in

• quality and customer care (economic sustainability and visitor fulfillment); • environmental management (environmental management systems and equitable

use of resources); • human resource management (employment opportunities for local people) • supply chain management (enterprises should be encouraged to work with

suppliers who are local to the area; are located or involve/support the poor; use environmentally sustainable production procedures);

• relationships with the local community and environment (support for local conservation and social development);

• influence over guests (e.g. code of conduct). NGOs provide vital assistance to the communities in bringing communities together with the public sector authorities and private sector. However, it should be remembered that NGOs usually operate social development projects and are experts in community development, but unfortunately many lack the skills required for running a tourism project and marketing the site to targeted markets and segments. This again highlights the importance of early involvement of travel trade in community-based ecotourism initiatives. Therefore, CCBEN is now endeavoring to facilitate contacts between the NGOs/CB(E)T sites as illustrated in the following figure.

6

CB(E)T NGOs FIT Ground TO International Sites in Cambodia TO Figure: Structure of CCBEN as a middle man between CBT sites and TOs 4. Level of International Orientation In 2007, Cambodia received more than 2 million international arrivals. The three major generating source markets were South Korea, Japan and USA. Around 56 per cent of all international visitors paid a visit to Siem Reap and Angkor Wat. Only a fraction of international tourists to Cambodia visit CB(E)T sites. It is estimated that roughly 46,400 tourists, of which 17 per cent international, visited the eight CB(E)T sites in 2007. CB(E)T site Domestic International Total Main sourc e markets Virachey - 180 180 France, UK, Germany Yeak Laom 14,291 3,570 17,861 - Chambok 12,350 650 13,000 Australia, US, Europe (UK, France,

Germany, Netherlands) Banteay Chhmar 191 48 239 France, Netherlands, North America Prek Toal/Peak Kanteil

- 756 756 France, UK, North America

Kampong Pluk 1,510 2,727 4,237 - Ang Trapeang 10,000 95 10,095 UK, North America, Australia Tmatboey - 76 76 UK, US, Germany Total 38,342 8,102 46,444 Table: Visitor arrivals at the CB(E)T sites in 2007. Source: CCBEN and its members

CCBEN

7

Yeak Laom and Chambok are preferred by domestic tourists, especially during the public holidays (Khmer New Year, Pchum Pen Festival, and Water Festival). Domestic tourists want to spend quality time with their family and friends and have a picnic close to the running water – rapids or waterfalls. International tourists are interested in the local way of life, natural features, and the birds. Main method for increasing awareness about CBTs is still through word-of-mouth. Other methods include

� internet based marketing through CCBEN website www.ccben.org � representation at the CCBEN office in Phnom Penh � partnerships with Sam Veasna Center, which promotes bird-watching sites in North West of

Cambodia (Ang Trapeang Thmar and Tmatboey ) � collaboration with IFC/MPDF: Stay Another Day booklet and website www.stayanotherday.org

(Prek Toal, Chambok) NGOs supporting CBT sites are increasingly looking for partnerships with the private sector. However, to this date no formal agreements have been signed. CCBEN will organize a forum for the private sector and the CBT sites to intensify their dialogue and cooperation in May 2008.

8

1. Virachey National Park 1. Location and Access Virachey National Park (3,325 km2) is the largest national park in Cambodia. It is located in Rattanakiri and Stung Treng Provinces in Northeast Cambodia and shares a border with Lao PDR and Vietnam. Banlung, the provincial capital of Rattanakiri Province, is around 600 km northeast from Phnom Penh. Busses depart Phnom Penh at 7 am and arrive at Stung Treng around 5 pm. From Stung Treng to Banlung about 2,5hours taxi drive is required. Virachey National Park is accessible through the provincial capital of Banlung, Rattanakiri Province. The distance is 50 km, which during the dry season takes 1hour by car and 1,5 hour by motorbike. However, during the wet season the drive takes 3,5-4 hours longer than during the dry season due to the road conditions. Local transportation options are motorbike (small 100 cc road bike), taxi, and river boats.

2. Level of Comfort and Services Product differentiation Accommodation:

� tents inside the park � 5 home stays � 3 ranger outpost(s)

Guided Excursions/Treks:

� Kalang Chhouy Mountain Biking and Trek (2-3 days) � Sekong Dry Forest Trek (3 days) � O-Lapeung Kayaking & Trek (4 days) � Phnom Veal Thom wilderness Trek (7-8 days)

Guides:

� 2 English speaking ranger guides � 6 community guides but none of them speak English

Facilities available around Virachey:

� Banlung: markets, bars, restaurants, hotel accommodation � Yeak Laom: indigenous people, museum, handicrafts

Comfort � elementary hygiene and cleanness standards of home stays and tents � no waste management systems in place � infrastructures available: mobile phone coverage low, no electric power, internet at

Banlung

9

3. Level of sustainability and community involvemen t Environmental sustainability

� Contribution to the conservation of natural areas: ecotourism strategy for Virachey National Park 2007-2011 which serves as a model for guiding socially and environmentally responsible tourism development in protected areas; tourism ranger training course for local communities; 40-50% of the entrance fee allocated for nature protection; limits on tour group sizes and frequency of tour departures – maximum 8 people per tour and two departures each week; best practice ecotourism design standards for accommodation structures and associated facilities; ESIA procedures to all tourism development projects inside the park

� Educational and interpretation features: visitor information center for Virachey National Park; variety of regulation and codes of conduct to manage visitor impacts on the natural and socio-cultural values of the park to the visitors (in promotional material, pre-departure orientations and throughout tour commentaries), local communities, licensed private tour operators and NGOs

� Environmental practices: law enforcement, ranger patrols in regular intervals Social sustainability

� Community involvement and benefits: US$ 4 per visitor is collected as community development levy from entrance fees

� Employment generation among the local population: 6 tourism ranges/trekking guides; 12 community guides; 6 of local people working in the guesthouse; 10 home stays

� Employee training programs: tourism ranger training course with 9 modules for local communities (ecotourism codes of conduct, conservation, ecology and protected area management, community participation, minimal impacts, visitor’s safety and comfort, visitor types, expectations and communication, logistical coordination and tour organization, guiding skills, maintenance of natural areas)

� Suppliers/local products: 80% of F&B supplies; for handicraft and furniture not clear � ESIA procedures to all tourism development projects inside the park � limits on tour group sizes and frequency of tour departures

Economic sustainability

� Profitability of CB(E)T businesses: about US$4,000 in 2007 of which 40% allocated to villagers who provided services, 45% to park management, and 15% to community fund

� Partnerships/agreements with private sector: about 20 TA bring tours to this site; no official agreements yet

� Member of CCBEN (Cambodia Community-based Ecotourism Network) � Marketing and promotion: website http://www.bpamp.org.kh/Main/vnp.htm � Quality and safety: feedback questionnaire to the visitors; park entry regulations; visitor

registration form; medical emergency assistance 4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization International orientation: in 2007 close to 200 tourists, of which 90% international tourists, mainly from France, UK and Germany.

10

2. Yeak Laom 1. Location and Assess Yeak Laom is located about 5 km south of Banlung Town in Rattanakiri Province in Northeast Cambodia. Yeak Laom is about 10 min drive by motor taxi or car from Banlung Town. Banlung, the provincial capital of Rattanakiri Province, is around 600 km northeast from Phnom Penh. Busses depart Phnom Penh at 7 am and arrive at Stung Treng around 5 pm. From Stung Treng to Banlung about 2,5 hours taxi drive is required. Accessibility is better during the dry season. During the rainy season the road conditions can cause considerable delays.

Local transportation options: taxi and motor taxi. 2. Level of Comfort and Services Product differentiation Accommodation:

� There is no home stay in Yeak Laom � Several guesthouses and hotels in Banlung

Guides: No community guides at present Activities:

� Visiting the Lake and jungle around � Hiking: a trail through the forest around the lake � Cultural tours: walk around the lake and the village with Tampuen guides � Visiting Tampuen’s house, traditional meeting house, a cemetery, and other traditions � Watching traditional dancing and music performances � Swimming in the lake � Visiting cultural and environmental centre � Buying handicrafts such as baskets, musical instruments and scarves made from hand-

woven cloth produced by the Tribe Community

Facilities available around Yeak Laom: • Banlung: markets, bars, restaurants, hotel accommodation • Virachey National Park

Comfort:

� Elementary hygiene and cleanness standard of accommodation and food preparation � Waste management: no systematic approach – community burns the waste or dig it

into the ground � Infrastructure available: mobile phone coverage, solar electric power, Internet access

at Banlung

3. Level of Sustainability and Community Involvemen t

Environmental sustainability � Contribution to the conservation of natural areas: some part of the income from tourism

has been allocated for environmental conservation. Community forest is one part to contribute for sustainable natural resources management of the area � Educational and interpretation feature: cultural center to feature the natural and socio-

cultural aspects of the site Social sustainability

� Community involvement and benefits: 100% owned and managed by the community and benefiting the community

11

� Employment generation among the local population: 20% of total local population involved in Yeak Laom CBET � Employee training programs: in English, accounting, management and guide training � Suppliers/local products: baskets, scarf, bag, purse and clothes � Limitation on group tours: No


� Profitability of CBET business: over US$11,000 annual income from tourism in 2007, of which 100% go to community � Partnership agreements with private sector: none although Yeak Laom is featured in

several tour itineraries � Marketing and promotion: website www.geocities.com/yeaklaomcbet

4. Level of International Orientation and Commercia lization

International orientation: 17,861 tourists, of which 20% international tourists, in 2007. No records on specific markets.

12

3. Chambok 1. Location and Assess Chambok CBET is located in Kampong Speu Province in the Southwest of Cambodia and shares a border with Kirirom National Park. Chambok is approximately 110 km from Phnom Penh City. The National Road No. 4 from Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville passes by Kirirom National Park. The drive from the capital to Chambok takes about 2.5 hours irrespective of the season. Local transportation options are motorbike or minivan.


� 20 home stays

Food: � One local restaurant within the site managed by local community

Guides:

� 20 community guides of which 2 speak good English (one male and one female guide) Activities:

� Guided hiking tours � Visiting waterfall and bathing in the stream � Picnicking � Visiting a bat cave, bird watching and animal trekking � Home stay and enjoying Cambodian rural lifestyle � A bicycle and ox-cart riding � Lunch with local women’s group � Buying handicrafts

Facilities available around Chambok:

� Kirirom National Park with basic guesthouse and restaurant inside � Kirirom Hillside Resort: hotel/bungalows, restaurant, theme park, swimming pool � Treng Trayieung: Market, restaurants, internet access

Comfort:

� Hygiene and cleanness standards at home stays and local restaurant are very basic but acceptable in Cambodian standards � Waste management: regular clean ups, waste bins along the trails, cans and plastic

bottles collected for recycling � Infrastructure available: mobile phone coverage within and surrounding the area; no

internet access and electric power


Environmental sustainability � Contribution to the conservation of natural areas: Chambok is part of a Community

Protected Area (CPA) and officially recognized by the Ministry of Environment. A natural resource management council oversees 3 committees: Community Forestry, Community Protected Area; and Community-based Ecotourism. The community is also actively involved in protecting the natural resources by patrolling the forest area. � Educational and interpretation feature: educational interpretation signboards along the

trek. Over 50 groups a year visit Chambok to learn how ecotourism development can serve to protect the environment and generate income for local communities

13

Social sustainability

� Community involvement and benefits: Ecotourism committee consisting of 12 elected members from 9 villages of Chambok commune runs and organizes the operations and activities. It also decides on income distribution within the community. The income is shared between villagers who provide services. The surplus goes to a fund for supporting general community development activities. � Employment generation among the local population: 150 families work at the site on a

rotational basis benefiting approximately 750 people. Women have set up a women’s group and actively involved in F&B supply chain and in ‘saving’ group. � Employee training programs: training in handicraft production, accounting, food

preparation, basic English language, tour guiding, leadership and management training targeted to CBET Committee, sculpting and carving, traditional music and dancing, micro-project designing and management � Suppliers/local products: handicrafts, plant species (from the botanical garden), t-

shirts

Economic sustainability � Profitability of CB(E)T business: US$12,000 in 2007. Out of the income, 75% is

allocated to the villagers providing services, 12.5% to environmental conservation and 12.5% to community development fund. � Partnership agreement with private sector: some travel agents help to organize trips

to Chambok, but there are no official agreements � Member of CCBEN (Cambodia Community Based Ecotourism Network) � Marketing and promotion: website: website: www.geocities.com/chambokcbet

4. Level of International Orientation and Commercia lization International orientation: more than 13,000 tourists in 2007, of which 5% international tourists. The three main markets are Australia, UK and Asian tourists.

14

4. Banteay Chhmar 1. Location and Assess Banteay Chhmar is located in Banteay Mean Chey Province in the Northwest of Cambodia. It can be reached by national Road No. 56, about 59 km north of the provincial capital.

Baneay Meanchey is about 5hours drive from Phnom Penh by shared-taxi or bus plus 1.5hours drive from Banteay Meanchey to Banteay Chhmar by shared-taxi. The accessibility is good during both dry and rainy season.

Options of local transportation: motor taxi, taxi

2. Level of Comfort and Services Product differentiation

Accommodation:

� 5 home stays

Food: � Food is organized by women’s group of the community

Guides:

� 5 English speaking community guides Activities:

� Home stay in a traditional wooden house � Ox-cart trip around the countryside and the village � Discover the rural life and communicate with the villagers � Visit the 12th century Angkorian Temple � Visit Pol Pot Baray, picnic near the Baray � Visit Enfant Du Mékong silk centre � Bicycle and Kuyon trip � Experience rural activities (Plowing, transplant, harvest…) � Visit bee keeping families � Visit 40 silk weavers in the village

Facilities available around Banteay Chhmar:

� Banteay Meanchey Town: market, restaurants, bars, hotels, guesthouses, casinos, internet access

Comfort:

� Hygiene and cleanness standard of home stay and food preparation are better than in other CBET sites in Cambodia � Waste management: waste bins in the community and around the Temple and the

market � Infrastructure available: mobile phone coverage, electric power supplied by

businessman in the village, but no Internet access


Environmental sustainability � Contribution to the conservation of natural areas: The site is located within the Banteay

Chhmar Protected Landscape. 20% of tourism income allocated to nature/cultural protection and community development through the community development fund. � Educational and interpretation features: some signs to educate tourists and people in the

area

15

� Environmental practice: limited because there is no reduce, reuse, or recycling system used in that area.


� Community involvement and benefits: Tourism committee has been set up and includes an information unit, home stay unit, food unit, and activities unit. The community-based tourism initiative benefits around 1,000 families around the temple area indirectly. 60 families are directly involved in tourism initiatives. Therefore it is estimated that the initiatives benefits around 5,300 people (average family size 5). 20% of the income is allocated to the community development fund; 73% to participating villagers/ service providers; and 7% to other purposes. � Employment generation among the local population: 60 families involved directly � Employee training programs: training in housekeeping, cooking, guiding, and

improving management of sustainable development � Suppliers/local products: handicraft using local product, T-shirt, silk weaving center


� Profitability of CBT business: US$1,774 annual income from tourism in 2007; 73% of the total amount allocated directly to service providers, 20% to community fund and 7% to committee. � Partnership agreement with private sector: no official agreements yet. However, many

members of the Cambodian Association of Travel Agencies contact the site to arrange a trip to Banteay Chhmar. � Member of CCBEN (Cambodia Community Based Ecotourism Network) � Marketing and promotion: website: www.ccben.org; one familiarization tour organized

for CATA members

4. Level of International Orientation and Commercia lization International orientation: 239 tourists, of which 20% international, visited Banteay Chhmar in 2007. The three main markets for Banteay Chhmar are French, Dutch and American.

16

5. Prek Toal and Peak Kanteil Floating Villages 1. Location and Assess Prek Toal is located in Battambang Province of Cambodia. It can be reached by National Road No. 5 or 15km south of Siem Reap Town. Prek Toal is about 30 min drive and 1 hour boat trip from Siem Reap. It can also be reached from Battambang by boat (6-9 hours depending on the season). Peak Kanteil can also be reached from Siem Reap – 30 mintues by road and 1 hour by boat. Local transportation options in the floating villages: engine boat or paddle boat.


Accommodation:

� 1 home stay in Prek Toal � 1 environmental station with overnight facilities

Food:

� One small local restaurant in Prek Toal � Community group in Peak Kanteil

Guides:

� Community guides are not available at present � English and French speaking guides come with their guests from Siem Reap or from

Battambang. Activities:

� Visiting bird sanctuary guided by local guides and rangers from the Prek Toal Environmental Research Station � Touring floating villages (crocodile and fish raising, fishing operation preparation, boat

shop, etc) by paddle boat � Tasting local specialties in floating villages � Visiting the Tonle Sap Lake; learning about the environment and Osmose Project; visiting

the Environmental Research Centre, environmental education classes, water hyacinth handicraft workshop and floating gardens � Staying overnight in home stay or at the environmental station

Facilities available around Prek Toal and Peak Kanteil: � Siem Reap Town: Bars, restaurants, hotels, guesthouses, markets, spas etc. � Angkor Wat Temple and other famous things and places in Siem Reap Town

Prek Toal

17

� Battambang Province: bars, restaurants, hotels, guesthouses Comfort:

� Elementary hygiene and cleanness standards in accommodation and food preparation � No waste management � Infrastructure available: mobile phone coverage, electric power supplied by

businessman in the village, and Internet access


Environmental sustainability � Contribution to the conservation of natural areas: 25 rangers controlling and protecting the

bird colonies. � Educational and interpretation features: the project supports environmental education of

577 children in Prek Toal and 133 children in Peak Kanteil; the Environmental Research Centre and OSMOSE interpret the natural values of the site � Environmental practice: 50 water filters distributed by Osmose in Prek Toal and Peak

Kanteil; 19 floating gardens; waste collection by the children and some families; use of water hyacinth to produce handicrafts involving 23 women in Preak Toal


� Community involvement and benefits: out of the US$ 80 charged by OSMOSE per trip per adult, 7.5 % is for the guide, 10% for breakfast and lunch, 7.5% for minivan transport, 8.75% for boat transport, 31.25% for entrance ticket, 5% for paddleboats, and 30% for OSMOSE to work with the targeted “OSMOSE” families. 48 families (30 in Prek Toal and 18 in Peak Kanteil) involved in paddling, cooking, village visits and home stay. Therefore, of the total income US$ 36,640 around 39% is allocated to the service providers in the villages, 31% to environmental conservation, and 30% to other purposes. � Employment generation among the local population: 48 families employed by tourism

during the peak season; 25 rangers; 23 women engaged in producing handicrafts/products from water hyacinth � Employee training programs: in English and handicraft production (water hyacinths) � Suppliers/local products: bags, hats etc made out of water hyacinths; produce from

the floating gardens � Limitation on group tours: no restriction on the number of tourists at present


� Profitability of CB(E)T business: total income US$ 36,640, out of which 39% is allocated to the service providers, 31% to environmental conservation and 30% to other purposes. � Partnership agreements with private sector: Osmose has some partnerships with

travel agencies and hotels � Member of CCBEN (Cambodia Community Based Ecotourism Network) � Marketing and promotion: website www.osmosetonlesap.net incl. web-based

booking/reservation system; www.ccben.org � Level of International Orientation and Commercializ ation

International orientation: 756 tourists visited the bird sanctuary in 2007. Majority of them were international, mainly from France, UK and North America. Out of these tourists 67% came through Osmose.

18

6. Kampong Pluk 1. Location and Assess Kampong Pluk is located in Siem Reap Town of Cambodia. In the dry season, it can be reached by car or by motorbike from Siem Reap. By car, it takes 1,5 hours due to the road conditions. Traveling by motorbike is faster and will take between 45 minutes and 1 hour. In the rainy season, it is necessary to take a boat from Chong Kneas (1 hour drive from Siem Reap town). Alternatively a tuk tuk or motorbike drive to Rolous and then a boat to Kampong Pluk.

Local transportation options: motorbike, taxi, boat.


Accommodation:

� Home stays can be organized by the local families. However, home stays are not yet part of the activities managed by the ecotourism committee.

Food: � Villagers could arrange lunch at the floating restaurant

Guides:

� No community guides � No English speakers in the village; children may assist in communicating with the cooks at

the floating restaurant Activities:

� Paddle boat cruise through the flooded forest � Fishing in the forest � Swimming among the submerged trees � Forest walks/picnics during the dry season � Walking tour around the village � Lunch in the floating restaurant

Facilities available around Kampong Pluk � Siem Reap Town: Bars, restaurants, hotels, guesthouses, markets, spas etc. � Angkor Wat Temple and other tourist places in Siem Reap Town

Comfort: � Elementary hygiene in food preparation � No waste management � Infrastructure available: mobile phone coverage, solar electric power � All services including internet access available in Siem Reap Town


Environmental sustainability

� Contribution to the conservation of natural areas: tourists coming to see the environment, encourage the community fishery committee to protect the flooded forest and bird and bird life � Educational and interpretation feature: Not organized yet � Environmental practice: water filters and compost toilet in floating restaurant but poorly

maintained. Solar power system set up in the floating restaurant

Social sustainability � Community involvement and benefits: Community Fisheries Organization Committee

made the decision to be involved in tourism. The committee represents around 80% of the villagers. Ecotourism sub-committee includes around 20 villagers.

19

� Employment generation among the local population: 12 people are employed by tourism (cooking group 15 people; boat paddling group 30 people) � Employee training programs: two study tours to other CBET sites, informal training in

cooking, serving the tourists, pricing policies, hygiene and esthetics, tourist expectations, capitalizing on the local traditions and crafts � Suppliers/local products: Locally purchased produce is cooked in the restaurant � Most of tourists visiting the restaurant and using services are independent tourists.

Tour group may visit the village but do not use the CF services.

Economic sustainability � Profitability of CB(E)T business: Total income was limited to US$ 553 in 2007. Out of

this income 95% is allocated to the community development fund, 2% to service providers, and 2% to environmental conservation. � Partnership agreement with private sector: None – work with government fishery

officers � Member of CCBEN (Cambodia Community Based Ecotourism Network) � Marketing and promotion: www.ccben.org .


International orientation: 4237 tourists in 2007, of which 64% international. No record on specific markets.

20

7. Ang Trapeang Thmor (ATT) 1. Location and Assess Ang Trapeang Thmor is located in Banteay Meanchey Province of Cambodia. The site is about 100 km from Siem Reap Town. During the dry season the drive takes 2 hours; during rainy season 3hours.

Due to various road conditions and constructions, the trip to the site is time consuming.

Local transportation options: shared taxi and/or motor taxi. All foreign visitors with SVC had their own vehicles, most of which were 4-wheel drive vehicles, needed for access to the forest (if they want to see Eld’s deer).


� WCS Ranger station (3 or 4 simple rooms with fan). Food:

� Food can be organized by villagers. Vendors sell food along the reservoir during lunch time. SVC (Sam Veasna Center) arranges with WCS for lunch to be provided.

Guides:

� No community guides. English-speaking birding/logistic guides are provided by SVC (SVC; website: www.samveasna.org).

Activities:

� Bird watching � Paddle boating � Viewing Eld’s deer � Visiting local silk weaving operations � Staying overnight in the ranger station

Facilities available around Ang Trapeang Thmor:

� Banteay Chhmar CBT: home stay, silk weaving centre, gardening, market, handicraft

Comfort: � Hygiene and cleanness of accommodation and food preparation is up to western

standards. � Waste management - unknown � Infrastructure available: mobile phone coverage, electric power


Environmental sustainability

� Contribution to the conservation of natural areas: Sam Veasna Center for Wildlife Conservation has partnered with Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) to manage birding/conservation tourism to the site. SVC collects and manages conservation contribution from foreign guests who visit the area to see birds. Funds are used to provide nest protection, education, infrastructure improvements. � Educational and interpretation features: interpretation organized by SVC and WCS


� Community involvement and benefits: US$10 per pax is charged to community fund and the rest is charged to SVC � Employment generation among the local population: 600 families involved indirectly in

CBET development

21

� Employee training programs: no training providing to communities because all the logistic things are responsible by SVC � Suppliers/local products: No � Limitation on group tours: Khmer tours are not limited. SVC manages all tours to the

area. The capacity of the site is large, so multiple tours are acceptable. Economic sustainability

� Profitability of CB(E)T business: US$ 2,850 in 2007. Majority is allocated to environmental conservation. � Partnership agreement with private sector : partnership with SVC (a Khmer NGO) � Member of CCBEN (Cambodia Community Based Ecotourism Network) � Marketing and promotion: website: ATT does not have its own website. SVC is

responsible for the promotion of the remote locations (www.samveasna.org). See also www.wcs.org � Quality and safety: excellent


International orientation: SVC organized a trip to the site for 10,095 tourists interested in bird-watching in 2007. Less than 1% of the visitors were international. Three major source markets were UK, American, and Australian.

22

8. Tmatboey 1. Location and Assess Tmatboey is located in Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Preah Vihear Province in the Northern Plains of Cambodia.

Tmatboey is about 4 hours drive from Siem Reap Town or 7 hours drive from Phnom Penh. The accessibility is good in the dry season from November-May because it can be reached by 4WD vehicle, but in the wet or rainy season from June-October, motorbikes are used for the final 2 km of the road. The worst section of road has been improved since 2007.

Local transportation options: limited. The site can only be reach by 4WD vehicle or by motorbike. Within village, motorbikes or ox carts can be hired.


Accommodation:

� The site has 3 guest lodges with 12 beds. There are plans to increase this number to 4 lodges and 16 beds. People can also stay with community residents in the village if they like.

Food: � The community committee organises meals for visitors, but they must have advance

warning of the arrival of visitors.

Guides: � 15 community guides but none of them speak English

Activities:

� Visiting endangered bird species � Trekking in the forest � Visiting traditional rural communities

Facilities available around Tmatboey

� Guest lodge � Small shop at guest lodge to buy souvenirs

Comfort:

� Hygiene and cleanness standard of accommodation and food preparation: Rooms are clean with en suite bathrooms. Food is prepared in a hygienic manner. � Waste management: High quality drainage has been installed to ensure good hygiene.

Kitchen waste is either burnt or buried. � Infrastructure available: There is electric lighting from solar powered 12V batteries.

Laptop computers, mobile phones and camera batteries can be charged from this system. There is no telephone or internet coverage.


Environmental sustainability � Contribution to the conservation of natural areas: The community, through a committee,

runs the ecotourism facilities and welcomes guests. The Wildlife Conservation Society works in partnership with the committee to assist management. The Sam Veasna Centre works with the committee to ensure that all visitors provide fees and pay for services which benefit the community directly. This ensures that the link between tourist income and the success of conservation in the area is maintained and thus the community will continue to ensure that they support conservation. The visiting groups that successfully see the target species are required

23

to make a donation to a ‘village conservation fund’. The fund is used to pay for village development, in exchange for villagers abiding to conservation agreements. � Educational and interpretation feature: Several displays are available at the lodge and the

committee can provide information on the site and has knowledge of the wildlife there. Displays are being prepared so tourists can also look at pictures of village life. � Environmental practice: As many materials and produce used at the site are sourced

locally as possible. This ensures that income for tourism development and maintenance returns to the community. Left over food is fed to pigs of committee members.


� Community involvement and benefits: The community retains control over the site and has an important source of income from tourists. � Employment generation among the local population: All staffs are employed from the

local community. � Employee training programs: Training is given to cooks and housekeepers as well as

to guides and other people working with tourists. � Suppliers/local products: All goods are sourced locally. � Limitation on group tours: Currently there are 12 beds for only 12 people, but there are

plans to build a fourth lodge which would provide room for a further 4 people, a total of 16 beds.


� Profitability of CBET business: The lodge currently generates an income to the community and they are seeing the benefits after only two seasons of full operation. In 2007, the income reached US$ 5,560, out of which 56% is allocated to the service providers, 42% to the community development fund, and 2% to other purposes. � Partnership agreement with private sector: Private sector tour agencies bring tourists

to the site through SVC. � Member of CCBEN (Cambodia Community Based Ecotourism Network) � Marketing and promotion: website: See SVC and WCS websites (local capacity to run

websites is insufficient at the moment). http://www.wcs.org/international/Asia/Cambodia/Cambodia_Eco-tourism/Tmatboey_Ibis_Project http://www.samveasna.org/eco/eco.html � Quality and safety: This site has very new facilities and continuous improvements are

being made. The local community level of investment means that the site is simple, clean and uncomplicated. Hygiene is good and the community will be able to maintain this level as the investment required is low.


International orientation: in 2007, 76 tourists of which 100% international. Main source markets are United Kingdom, United States of America, and Germany.

1

CBT in Mongolia

Contents

Summary - CBT in Mongolia 3

1. Tulga, Gorkhi-Terelj National Park, Tuv province 7

2. Jargalant, Umnudelger soum, Khentii province 9

3. Khan- Undur, Tamir soum, Arkhangai province 11

4. Bayan-Unjuul, Bayan-Unjuul soum, Tuv province 13

5. Tavan Salaa, Mungunmorit soum, Tuv province 15

6. Bayansongint, Khustai National Park, Tuv provinc e 17

7. Serten, Khustai National Park, Tuv province 19

8. Gurvanbulag, Gurvanbulag soum, Bulgan province 21

9. Bayan Dulguun, Yusun zuil soum, Uvurkhangai prov ince 23

10. Olon Burd, Khujirt soum, Uvurkhangai province 25

11. Tsaatan, Tsagaan Nuur soum, Khuvsgul province 27

2

3

Summary – CBT in Mongolia

1. Location and Access Easing the access by limiting CBT-Communities to ma jor destinations The major potentials of Mongolia for a successful international tourism development lay in the beauty of its unspoiled landscape as well as its cultural heritage, in particular by today’s pastoral nomads’ traditions and life. To experience the authentic nomadic lifestyle is one of the major tourist attractions in Mongolia. More and more herder families are starting tourism activities in the popular visitor destinations. Rural CBT initiatives are now starting with a concentration in the main tourism destinations which are more easily accessible (due to better infrastructures and availability of public transportation) than more remote sites. But there is some successful developing processes of CBT in western Mongolia /Bayan-Ulgii province/.

2. Level of Comfort and Services A sincere hospitality

The core product of Mongolian tourism sector is based on the culture and the unspoiled nature while nomads & rural communities are holding the local handling and access to main tourism resources. It requires cooperation from all stakeholders, especially between tour operators and local people.

The traditional local community structure was and is still shaped by nomadism or what we can also call “the nomad society system”.

People, living in Mongolia are friendly and heartfelt; the attraction there is regarding tourists to visit and have rest at local family's accommodations is aimed on the nomadic lifestyle, cultural exchange and traditions, leading to friendly and deeper relationships between tourists and local people. They are ready to create such warm relations, treat tourists with open-hearts and their well-known traditional and sincere hospitality. Local people know every path and so on; can easily assist visitors about natural, cultural, historical and unknown places. Their presence can also help tourists in their “inner-discovery journey”. Rural communities prepare the food for the visitors. Meals of course provide an insight of the local way of life and additional income to the communities. Activities have mainly been developed based on natural features of the sites and nomadic life.

4

The guests will be trained to ride horses, attend and involve the process of dairy products, make small souvenirs with felt, play traditional games and develop many other practical skills without which the life in the Ger /yurt/ is not possible.

3. Level of Sustainability and Community Involvemen t Confusion behind the terminology of “Community” Various approaches of an alternative tourism to rural communities have been implemented since 1992 (Eco tourism, Green tourism, Sustainable, Responsible and CBT) and now there are lot of confuses among stakeholders regarding various terminologies & concepts of tourism.

Different projects are under different donor agencies perceiving various policies about the real concept of “Community”:

Mercy Corps and VSO focused on a key person of the community who can do business. It does not matter if the involved entity is a local person or a collective of people. CBT is made for increasing livelihood of anyone who likes to work in rural development. Mercy Corps supports the responsible tourism concept and a standardization of tourism product in Mongolia. Initiatives are related with RT benchmarks, but not supported by other stakeholders. UNDP in Mongolia which is working on ‘1 product 1 village’ focuses on 2 villages/center of the Soum which is local administration unit/. The target is only local people (marginalized) who live in the village’s center. CBTN (Khustai, GTZ, Grass Land and Altai Soyon) work only on partnerships and/or collectivities of local herders. They see that CBT is a tool to empower local herders by providing them an additional income from tourism. For that, local herders should establish a partnership with each other. Now, there are 46 Communities in constant partnership. WWF aims on establishing an ecotourism standard in the Protected Areas. Ger-to-Ger : Nomad Centered Tourism Project - is to achieve sustainable poverty alleviation, rural economic development and herder initiated health, cultural and natural resource management through tourism as a ‘methodology’. Gap to fulfill between Tour Operators and Local Com munities

Most of the tour operators request and get a local service (guiding, horse/yak/camel renting and F&B) from the local communities, in particularly from motivated or/and experienced local people. Thus, not whole communities, but the members of certain communities/ areas can get benefit from tourism directly and indirectly. Depending on the product diversification process, most local people should be seen more as partners by the tour operator companies instead of the “servants” of the tour producers by the way of becoming a guide (for Horse/yak/camel riding, trekking, camping, bird watching and hunting/fly fishing tours), and offering a Ger as accommodation/home stay service, transportation, handcrafts, souvenirs. It makes them not employed by somebody but rather equal in a way of cooperation with city centred tour operators who should buy products from them. This is one empowerment strategy for Mongolian local people by a sustainable way of tourism products.

Due to the seasonality, local people who live in the centre of Soum can be employed by “Tourist Ger Camps” during the summer time, when they have more free time. Main tourism season runs only in summer (from May to the end of September) and it matches with local people availability in their main traditional production as mobile pastoralists instead of only depending from tourism. Local people/communities who want to be involved in tourism production have different passions and problems. It means that local people are getting diversified by the different types of tourism product involvement. It gives us the challenge to implement different CBT strategies/delivery mechanisms to the communities.

Not a possibility but a real need in order to go fu rther

It is a very important aspect that rural tourism contributes to improve life conditions of the receiving families. Participation of local people in tourism raises the interest and motivation in preservation of customs and environmental protection. Not anyone, but mostly the people living here can improve it.

5

This kind of motivation is extremely important nowadays as the Nature worldwide is suffering from the human and civilization impact.

The following table summarizes the income distribution and benefit sharing currency used in CBT in Mongolia.

To the local people providing the service

To environmental conservation

To community development fund

To other purposes

Community name

Income (US$) in

2007 US$ % US$ % US$ % US$ %

Tulga 3,800 2470 65 760 20 380 10 190 5

Jargalant 800 480 60 120 15 200 25

Khan Undur 600 384 64 114 19 102 17

Bayan Unjuul 400 288 72 72 18 40 10

Tavan Salaa 3,000 1740 58 360 12 600 20 300 10

Bayansongint 600 90 15 60 10 450 75

Serten 600 168 28 48 8 324 54 60 10

Gurvanbulag -

Bayan Dulguun 500 100 20 50 10 350 70

Olon Burd -

Tsaatan 1,284 770,4 60 513,6 40

Total 11,584 6,490.4 49 1,584 16 2,959.6 35 550 8

4. Level of International Orientation The major generative source markets originate from the USA, Netherlands, German, France, Australia, South Korea, Japan and domestic travelers. Inbound tour operators are the main players to develop and commercialize CBT products. CBT activities in Mongolia are not yet developed as an integral product of tourism in Mongolia, which could easily and stimulatory be sold on the international and national tourism markets. Only a fraction of international and domestic tourists to Mongolia visit CBT sites. It is estimated that roughly 572 tourists, of which 78 percent international, visited the eleven communities in 2007. Community name Domestic International Total Main so urce markets

Tulga 76 114 190 Austria, Netherland, German, Korea, Japan

Jargalant - 40 40 German, Netherland, Austria, Korea, Japan

Khan Undur 3 27 30 France, British, German

Bayan Unjuul 2 18 20 Japan, France, English, Sweden

Tavan Salaa 33 117 150 Austria, German, Netherland, Australia,

Japan

Bayansongint - 30 30 Netherland, German, Korea, Japan

Serten - 30 30 France, Netherland, Korea, Japan

Gurvanbulag - - - -

Bayan Dulguun 3 22 25 Australia, German, Netherland, Austria,

Japan

6

Olon Burd - - - -

Tsaatan 5 52 57 German, American, Belgian, British

Total 122 450 572 Table: Visitors arrived at the communities in 2007 The Gorkhi-Terelj national park and Mungunmorit soum /village/ are preferred by domestic tourists; they are located close to the capital city. Domestic tourists want to spend quality time with their family and friends and have a picnic close to the river; mountain and flowers cover a beautiful steppe. International tourists are interested in the local nomadic way of life, natural features and wild flora and fauna.

7

1. Community name: Tulga’s 1. Location and Access The community of relatives who live in the Gorkhi-Terelj National Park, one of the most visited areas by both international and domestic travelers. The Tulga’s community is located in Tuv province and around 80km northeast from Ulaanbaatar city. Public transportation /by big bus/ serves daily from the East cross road. And back transportation serves daily from the Terelj. Drive takes 2hours for one way. Local transportation options taxi, private cars and rented or pre-arranged vehicles of tour operators are common transportation to reach the area. To move other areas is easily arranged with rented vehicles or rented horses.


• 3 Home stays /Gers/ with 12 beds Guided Excursions: The head of community Mr.Tulga is experienced on tourism, especially for horse riding and trekking for couple of years and trained his 3 sons and 3 daughters for related knowledge and know-how. An inbound tour operator organizes in tour programs included the community packages as following tours for 5, 7, 10, 14 days:

• Guided horse riding /Community Tulga’s provides mainly horse riding trips /by renting horses/ and community members are hired as to be guides for trekking/horse riding trips around the area.

• Trekking • Flower watching • Visit nomadic family • Home stay

Activities in home stay: • Milking livestock (cows, goats and sheep) • Preparing dairy products (yogurt, cheese, aaruul /dried curds, airag/fermented horse milk

etc...) • Preparing typical Mongolian food • Day and overnight stay with herder families • Listening and learning to national songs • Play traditional games with nomad kids

Guides: • Community guides are not available at present • English, German, French, Japanese, Chinese speaking guides of tour operators come with

their guests who have contract with community Facilities available around the community:

• Ancient temple ruin – Gunj

8

• Khentii Mountain range • Mineral spas and hot springs • Khagiin Khar lake • Interesting rock formations /Turtle rock, a rock shape of reading man etc/ • Tourist Ger camps and facilities around the park

Comfort:

• elementary hygiene and cleanness standards of home stays • no waste management systems in place • infrastructures available: mobile phone coverage within and surrounding the area, recently

connected to electric power; no internet access 3. Level of sustainability and community involvemen t Environmental sustainability

• The community strongly involves the nature protection. Since the area is beautiful and belonged to National park, many individuals and groups of international and domestic travelers visit whole year round and show many negative impacts to the environment as polluting by garbage, camping and making fire everywhere and driving off the routes etc. In order to keeping the area is clean and using resources as sustainable they involve all activities related protection as voluntarily based.

Social and culture sustainability

• The community really appreciate own culture, and follow nomad way of life. But the situation of the area is changed a lot, very influenced by tourism, and shown some negative impacts already.

• New experience, share and learning during home stay, joy and getting fun by riding horse are benefits for clients.

• Training on local horse riding guides and minimum requirements for providing accommodation service in local level.


• Community could have direct income from renting of their Gers, renting of horses/ox carts and meal services to the guests. Also they usually earn money from tour operators and direct clients as hired local guides.

• Quality and safety: feedback questionnaire to the visitors; visitor registration form; medical emergency assistance

4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization Last year in 2007 the community Tulga’s received total number of 190 tourists from Austria (20%), Netherlands (10%), German (10%) and Korea (40%) and Japan (20%) No any direct marketing for international markets made by the community. Due to the advantage of the location the community has good contacts with tour operators and receives their clients (60%). Also domestic travelers and same day visitors from Ulaanbaatar are main part of the clients (40%). 2. Community name: Jargalant 1. Location and Access Groups of nomadic families live in the buffer zone of the Khan Khentii Protected Areas and near the Lake Khangal, which is situated around 270 km from northeast of Ulaanbaatar city. Public transportation /by Korean microbus/ serves daily except Tuesday from Narantuul market. And back transportation serves daily except Tuesday from the Undurkhaan town and goes through Umnudelger soum center. Drive takes 6-7hours for one way.

9

Local transportation options are public bus, private cars and rented/pre-arranged vehicles of tour operators are alternative transportation to reach the area. To move other areas is easily arranged with rented vehicles.


• 3 Home stays/gers/ Guided Excursions: An inbound tour operator organizes in tour programs included the community packages as following tours for 5, 7, 10, 14 days:

• Guided horse riding • Hiking • Flower watching • Visit nomadic family • Home stay

Activities in home stay: • Milking livestock (cows, goats and sheep) • Preparing dairy products (yogurt, cheese, aaruul/dried curds, airag/fermented horse milk

etc...) • Preparing typical Mongolian food • Herding goats and sheep • Day and overnight stay with herder families • Listening and learning to national songs • Play traditional games with nomad kids

Guides:

• Community guides are not available at present • English, German, French, Japanese, Chinese speaking guides of tour operators come with


• Ruin of Baldan Bereeven monastery • Ancient Deer stones in Dund Jargalant valley • Khar Zurkhenii Khukh Lake • Many areas related with the History of Chinggis Khaan’s and 13th century

Comfort: • elementary hygiene and cleanness standards of home stays • no waste management systems in place • infrastructures available: mobile phone coverage within and surrounding the area; no internet

access and electric power 3. Level of sustainability and community involvemen t Environmental sustainability

• Within the frame of the project by GTZ, the community had proper training that focused on protection for nature. And culturally they prefer to live without destroying the nature.


10

• Because the community involved the project for last 2 years, they have very clear concern for preserving their culture and value. They are still nomadic people whose life is completely based on herding of pastoral animals.

• Since its location as belonged to buffer zone of Khan Khentii Strictly Protected Area, the community had advantage for involving sort of trainings focused on tourism and tourism related services which organized by the GTZ (German Technical Cooperation Agency) in the frame of the project “The Management of Sustainable Usage for Natural Resources”. Also in the result of the project the community had introduced and settled minimum standards for services they offer.

• All the people in the community like to receive tourists and show them their real life, and another hand they usually interested to see different culture of different people. For the clients that is always nice experience to be friend of nomads.


• Since the community receives some tourists for their product, the herders of the community earn amount of income. In order to reach more achievements of CBT, and develop sustainable business, the community was established “Development foundation” which can be used for future investment and solving urgent issues.


4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization Last year in 2007 the community Jargalant’s received total number of 40 tourists from Austria (20%), Netherlands (10%), German (10%) and Korea (40%) and Japan (20%) No any direct marketing for international markets made by the community. Some Mongolian inbound tour operators included the product of the community into their package and offer to international market directly and through their partners in abroad.

11

3. Community name: Khan-Undur 1. Location and Access Khan-Undur is a small community, initiated by five local nomadic families who live in the buffer zone of Khangain Nuruu (Mountain Range) National Park. The area is surrounded by beautiful forested mountains along River Khoid Tamir. The community is located in the Ikh Tamir soum /village/ of Arkhangai province, around 612km west from Ulaanbaatar city. Public transportation /by Russian minivan and Korean microbus/ serves daily from the Dragon-auto station, an auto station. And back transportation serves daily from the central market of Tsetserleg town to Ulaanbaatar. Drive takes 8-10hours for one way. From the Tsetserleg to the area of community Khan-Undur takes 1.5hours drive and cars/motorcycles (local taxi) will be rented from the local people who offer private transport services in Tsetserleg town. Private cars are available to rent directly at the Dragon-auto station, and prearranged transportation by inbound tour operators, based in Ulaanbaatar is mostly offered and used by clients/visitors to reach the community. To move other areas is easily arranged with rented vehicles. Local transportation options are public transportation, local taxi, private cars and tour operator’s vehicle.


• 5 Home stays /Ger/ with 20 beds Guided Excursions: An inbound tour operator organizes in tour programs included the community packages as following tours for 5, 7, 10, 14 days

• Guided horse riding • Yak riding • Yak cart strolls • Trekking • Visit nomadic family • Home stay



Guides: • Community guides are not available at present

12

• English, German, French, Japanese, Chinese speaking guides of tour operators come with their guests who have contract with community

Facilities available around the community:

• Ancient tombs in Altansandal mountain • Khangai Mountains • Taikhar rock • Khorgo Terkiin Tsagaan Lake National Park



• Traditionally nomadic people very much respect natural environment and that tradition as living friendly and harmonically with the mother nature is kept alive in countryside areas. Since following the concept of nomadic life they don’t pollute and destroy nature, but they want to protect and keep the resources as much as possible


• Actually it is not really considered by the community that they will lose or will have some influence to lose value of their own culture by involving tourism. The community does not have a clear knowledge about impacts of tourism and how to protect own culture.

• Completely new experience, learning and discovering are main benefits for clients Economic sustainability

• The families in the community could have some direct income from renting of their Gers, renting of horses and meal services to the guests.


4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization International orientation: over 30 tourists in 2007, of which 90% international tourists, mainly from France, UK and German.

13

4. Community name: Bayan-Unjuul 1. Location and Access A community is located in the Bayan-Unjuul soum/village of Tuv province. The Bayan-Unjuul is around 135km west from Ulaanbaatar. The community’s vehicles are possible to pick up from center part of Ulaanbaatar to drive take 2.30 hours to the place. Local transportation options are taxi, private cars and rented or pre-arranged vehicles of tour operators are common transportation to reach the area. To move to other areas is easily arranged with rented vehicles or rented horses.


• 8 Home Stays /Gers/ with 16 beds Guided Excursions/Treks:

• Horse riding with camel cart • Camel riding and trekking with camel cart /9 days, 5days/ • Watching Argali and Ibex • Flower watching • Bird watching • Building Mongolian Ger /during 3days, teaching, practicing/

Activities in home stay: • Milking livestock (camel, goats and sheep) • Preparing dairy products (yogurt, cheese, aaruul /dried curds, airag/fermented horse milk

etc...) • Preparing typical Mongolian food • Making felt products out of sheep wool • Herding goats and sheep • Day and overnight stay with herder families • Listening and learning to national songs • Play traditional games with nomad kids

Guides:

• English speaking two community guide

Facilities available around the community: • Zorgal Khairkhan mountain • Ar Burd sand dunes • Khariin Nuur • Vast steppe • Rock mountains • Nature attractions /Deer, Argali, Ibex and wild animals)

14

Comfort: • elementary hygiene and cleanness standards of home stays • no waste management systems in place • infrastructures available: mobile phone coverage within and surrounding the area; solar

electric power 3. Level of sustainability and community involvemen t Environmental sustainability

• The community tries to protect the surrounding nature. Once a month they have a big cleaning week to the related area

• All the community members are responsible for the garbage during the tours with guests • One of our big opportunities is located protected area and gives some rules for the travelers

such as camping, making fire, connecting with animals • Attending in Project of Nature Conservation to protect wild hunting such as Argali, Ibex and

Deer, made a program against illegal hunters and increase the numbers of wild animals. Social and culture sustainability

• The community tries to keep its own culture and tradition, because people of the community understand that this is a main attraction for the tourists. Community members have own responsible duties, in each of their field they try to teach their own way of life to travelers.

• Training in handicraft products, food preparation, tour guiding, traditional custom and games • New experience, sharing and learning during home stay, joy and having fun by riding horse

are the benefits for the clients.

Economic sustainability • Community could have direct income from renting their package tours, gers, renting of horses,

camel and camel carts and meal services to the guests. Also they usually earn money from tour operators and direct clients as hired by local guides. They have small handcraft souvenir point; the sale of products is made by themselves, such as horse equipments, useful home staffs, tourist souvenirs, traditional costumes.

• Plant the community use for vegetable as cucumber, tomato • Marketing & promotion: attend in domestic tourism fair, have long-years contracts with the

leading inbound tour operator of Mongolia • Quality and safety: feedback questionnaire to the visitors; visitor registration form; medical

emergency assistance 4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization Last year in 2007 the community Bayan-Unjuul received total number of 20 tourists: from France (40%), Japan (30%) and England (20%) and Sweden (10%) No any direct marketing for international markets made by the community. Due to the advantage of the location the community has good contacts with tour operators and receives their clients (90%). Also domestic travelers and same day visitors from Ulaanbaatar are main part of the clients (10%).

15

5. Community name: Tavan Salaa 1. Location and Access The Tavan Salaa community is initiated by local families of the Mungunmorit are who wanted to involve tourism as establishing eco lodge and research centre. The eco-lodge of the community is located in the beautiful area of the buffer zone of Khan-Khentii Strictly Protected Area. The community is located in the Mungunmorit soum /village/ of Tuv province, around 230km northeast from Ulaanbaatar city. Public transportation /by Korean microbus/ serves daily from the Teevriin Tovchoo, an auto station to Baganuur city that takes 2hours and passengers continue with local taxi or private car to the Mungunmorit and Tavan Salaa for more 2hours. And back transportation serves daily from the local market of Mungunmorit to Baganuur city and from Baganuur to Ulaanbaatar. Private cars are available to rent directly at the Teevriin Tovchoo-auto station, and prearranged transportation by inbound tour operators, based in Ulaanbaatar is mostly offered and used by clients/visitors to reach the community. To move other areas is easily arranged with rented vehicles. Local transportation options are local taxi, private cars and tour operator’s vehicle.


• 10 Home stays /Ger/ with 40 beds

Guided Excursions: An inbound tour operator organizes in tour programs included the community packages as following tours for 5, 7, 10, 14 days

• Guided horse riding • Bird watching • Flower watching • Trekking • Visit nomadic family



Guides:

• Community guides are not available at present • English, German, French, Japanese, Chinese speaking guides of inbound tour operators

come with their guests who have contract with community

16

Facilities available around the community:

• Burkhan Khaldun Mountain, historical site related with Chinggis Khaan • Onon hot spring • Ruin of Baldan Bereeven monastery • Khar Zurkhenii Khukh Lake, the historical site • Wilderness area of Khentii mountain range

Comfort: • Service of the lodge is based on the main requirements of Ger camp service standard in

Mongolia • no waste management systems in place • infrastructures available: mobile phone coverage within and surrounding the area; no internet


• The community has a long term plan to protect natural environment as using eco friendly technology for all parts of activities in the eco lodge. Also according to the Nature Protection Law of Mongolia a specific evaluation made for influences of eco lodge into natural environment.

Social and culture sustainability • The local families really want to keep own identity either they involve international tourism or

not. They try to ensure the best way that local people are happy to receive tourists in their Ger, and are informed of the possible impact.

• Enjoying environmentally pleasant stay in eco lodge and experience and learn authentic culture of nomad people are main benefit for the guests.

Economic sustainability • The eco lodge is invested by the community and registered at local authorization and pay all

taxes to Mungunmorit soum. And some of the staff is employed from local area. Neighboring local families are welcomed to offer their products to eco lodge and earn extra income for involving tourism services as renting the accommodation, horses and meal services


4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization

• Last year in 2007, the eco lodge was just opened and run its very first business, as well as received 150 tourists. Main guests came from Austria (20%) German (20%), Netherlands (10%), Australia (8%), Japan (20%) and domestic travelers (22%)

• No any direct marketing for international markets made by the community.

• Established some direct contacts with inbound tour operators in Ulaanbaatar and they offer

eco lodge with their package tours to international market. 6. Community name: Bayansongint 1. Location and Access A community is located in Khustai National Park zone, which reintroduced wild horses from Netherland. The Bayansongint is around 65km west from Ulaanbaatar. Local taxi is available from Ulaanbaatar city. Drive takes 2hours for one way. Local transportation options are taxi, private cars and rented or pre-arranged vehicles of tour operators are common transportation to reach the area. To move to other areas is easily arranged with rented vehicles or rented horses.

17



• Fishing in the Tuul river • Horse trekking to observe flora and fauna • Hiking and trekking to visit historical sites • Visit Man and Deer Stones and petroglyphs

Activities in home stay: • Milking livestock (cows, goats and sheep) • Preparing dairy products (yogurt, cheese, aaruul, airag etc...) • Preparing typical Mongolian food • Making felt products out of sheep wool • Herding goats and sheep • Day and overnight stay with herder families • Listening and learning to national songs • Play traditional games with nomad kids

Guides:

• English speaking one community guide

Facilities available around the community: • Khustai National Park Museum and information center • Souvenir shop • Heritage sites /human statue by Turkish tribe, deer stone from bronze age, burial mounds/ • Nature attractions /kinds of wild animals, wild horse, birch forest)

Comfort:

• elementary hygiene and cleanness standards of home stays • no waste management systems in place • infrastructures available: mobile phone coverage within and surrounding the area; electric

power 3. Level of sustainability and community involvemen t Environmental sustainability

• The community tries to protect the surrounding nature. Once a month they have a big cleaning week to the related area

• All the community members are responsible for the garbage during the tours with guests • One of our big opportunities is located protected area and gives some rules for the travelers

such as camping, making fire, connecting with animals Social and culture sustainability

• The community tries to keep its own culture and tradition, because people of the community understand that this is a main attraction for the tourists. Community members have own responsible duties, in each of their field they try to teach their own way of life to travelers.

18

During the summer time working with students who speak English and Russian is helping us to improve our language skills.

• Training in handicraft products, food preparation, tour guiding, traditional custom and games • Community members /6 people/ involved several trainings related with tourism lodging and

services from Khustai project. • New experience, sharing and learning during home stay, joy and having fun by riding horse

are the benefits for the clients.

Economic sustainability • Community could have direct income from renting their package tours, gers, renting of horses

and horse carts and meal services to the guests. Also they usually earn money from tour operators and direct clients as hired by local guides. They have small handcraft souvenir shop; the sale of products is made by themselves, such as horse equipments, useful home staffs, tourist souvenirs, traditional costumes.


4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization Last year in 2007 the community Bayansongint received total number of 30 tourists: from Netherlands (60%), German (10%) and Korea (20%) and Japan (10%) No any direct marketing for international markets made by the community. Khustai project is the main provider /70%/ of the community, tour operators /15%/ and their direct clients /15%/.

19

7. Community name: Serten 1. Location and Access Serten is a big community, initiated by 23 local nomadic families who live in the Khustai National park which was created in 1992 as part of the program to reintroduce the wild horse Takhi. The area is surrounded by beautiful hills. The community is located around 80km from Ulaanbaatar city. Taxi service is available from Ulaanbaatar. Drive takes 2 hours in one way. And back transportation hires locals’ vehicle or using an employee scheduled minivan. Move to other areas is easily arranged with rented vehicles or rented horse.



• Fishing in the Tuul river • Horse trekking to observe flora and fauna • Hiking and trekking to visit historical sites • Visit Man and Deer Stones and petroglyphs



Facilities available around the community: - Khustai National Park Museum and information center - Souvenir shop - Heritage sites /human statue by Turkish tribe, deer stone from bronze age, burial mounds/ - Nature attractions /kinds of wild animals, wild horse, birch forest)

Comfort:



20

• Trying to live a nature friendly way in the area, and also to offer some rules to their guests related with nature protection.

• Serten community is located in a protected area; it gives us big opportunity in nature protection. National Park rangers are taking attention to protected area zone

• We awarded one family as a “Responsible member” in each year • Planting trees in sandy area for anti-desertification. Each family is making a nest for the birds • Released the pasture area from 5 percent to 10 percent


• Our main activity is oriented to share our knowledge and experience with our clients. Show and teach them our daily life work and get participate them in it.

• Involving in trainings, such as felt making, Holland sort cheese making. And distributing this knowledge to our guests


• The families in the community could have some direct income from renting of their Gers, renting of horses and meal services to the guests. Small souvenir shop is one of the sources to earn money, which is selling handcrafts to travelers, cheese and special sort yogurt to locals.

• Member of CBTN (Community Based Tourism Network) • Quality and safety: feedback questionnaire to the visitors; visitor registration form; medical

emergency assistance 4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization Last year 2007 the community Serten received a total number of 30 tourists: from Netherlands (45%), German (10%), France (15) and Korea (20%) and Japan (10%) No direct marketing for international markets are made by the community. Communities direct clients were most guests previous year. Cooperates working with some tour operators in Ulaanbaatar.

21

8. Community name: Gurvanbulag 1. Location and Access Gurvanbulag is a small community, initiated by 8 local families who live in the beautiful natural reserve of Khognokhaan Mountain. Natural landscapes of mountain, forest, steppe and Gobi are all located in this place. The Gurvanbulag is located in the Gurvanbulag soum/village/ of Bulgan province, around 482km northwest from Ulaanbaatar city. Public transportation /by Russian minivan and Korean microbus/ serves daily except Tuesday from the Narantuul market. And back transportation serves daily from the local markets of Bulgan and twice a week from Gurvanbulag. Drive takes 5-6hours for one way. Private cars are available to rent directly at the Dragon-auto station, and prearranged transportation by inbound tour operators, based in Ulaanbaatar is mostly offered and used by clients/visitors to reach the community. To move other areas is easily arranged with rented vehicles and horses. Local transportation options are public transportation, local taxi, private cars and tour operator’s vehicle.


• 3 Home stays /gers/ Guided Excursions: An inbound tour operator organizes in tour programs included the community packages as following tours for 5, 7, 10, 14 days

• Guided horse riding • Trekking • Visit nomadic family • Home stay



Guides:

• Community guides are not available at present • English, German, French, Japanese, Chinese speaking guides of tour operators come with


22

• Khognokhaan mountain • Khushuu Tsaidam, ancient Turkic monuments • Sand dunes of Ikh Mongol Els • Khar Bukhiin Balgas, aruin of ancient fortress • Famous Kharakhorum, Erdenezuu monastery



• Traditionally nomadic people very much respect natural environment and that tradition as living friendly and harmonically with the mother nature is kept alive in countryside areas. Since following the concept of nomadic life they don’t pollute and destroy nature, but they want to protect and keep the resources as much as possible

• Since the nature/pasture is source of the life, families belong to the community really do all efforts to protect natural environment


• Not really considered by the community, but very much considered by local government, and NGOs.

• Completely new experience, learning and discovering are main benefits for clients. Economic sustainability

• The families in the community could have some direct income from renting of their Gers, renting of horses and meal services to the guests.


4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization Last year the community did not receive any tourists due to its late opening, and low marketing. No any direct marketing for international markets made by the community. Trying to establish some direct contacts with inbound tour operators in Ulaanbaatar. 9. Community name: Bayan Dulguun 1. Location and Access A community of nomadic families where live in a very famous Buddhist historical area, one of the most visited areas by both international and domestic religious travelers. The Bayan Dulguun, is located 430km southeast from Ulaanbaatar and in Yusun Zuil soum of Uvurkhangai province. Public transportation /by mini bus/ serves daily from Dragon- auto station. Drive takes 8 hours for one way. Local transportation options are public mini bus, private cars and rented or pre-arranged vehicles of tour operators or private drivers are transportation to reach the area. Moving to other areas is available to arrange with rented vehicles or rented horses from locals.

23


• 5 Home Stays /Gers/ with 24 beds • 2 Wooden houses

Guided Excursions/Treks: • Guided horse riding • Trekking • Fishing in Orkhon river


etc...) • Preparing typical Mongolian food • Making felt small products • Herding goats and sheep • Day and overnight stay with herder families • Listening and learning to national songs • Play traditional games with nomad kids

Guides:

• English speaking community one guide

Facilities available around the community: • Mongolian centered map point • Zuun Saikhan Sacred mountain • Seruun bulag spring • Birth place of Zanabazar who was first Mongolian religious leader and famous sculptor • Orkhon river

Comfort:



• The community strongly involves in nature protection. Even traditionally nomadic people respect natural environment very much, in small soum center /village/ it changed. Local people leave litters everywhere, what they used trash is left out of their places. So we built a centered garbage area for local people get used to use the garbage point.

• In order to improve the out looking of soum center /village/ made seminar and training on how to plant vegetable, trees and grass between the members and local people


24

• The community appreciates nomadic life, culture and also works to promote it. Always organize many kinds of training course between members and local people. Especially as result of the training of handcrafts supply their products to souvenir places and offer to tourists

• The head and all staff of community know how to care of their own business. As a result of this kind of business, they are able to have an additional increase resource for the cooperative members. As a result of implementation of the business plan, they built their own sauna for client’s satisfaction and currently they just made a research for water source and now have their own greenhouse and plant vegetable for own use.

• The community organizes many kinds of training course between in members and local people. Especially they included show time of handcrafts in home stay program. Also they have small Souvenir Ger, which is taken care by training graduators


• Community could have direct income from renting their Gers, renting horses/ox carts, meal services to the guests, supply the souvenir products to tourists, and supply vegetable to local stores and private people.


4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization Last year 2007 the community Bayan Dulguun received a total number of 25 tourists. Main guests came from Austria (32%) German (20%), Netherlands (10%), Australia (8%), Japan (20%) and domestic travelers (12%) No direct marketing for international markets are made by the community. Communities direct clients were most guests previous year. Cooperates working with some tour operators in Ulaanbaatar.

25

10. Community name: Olon Burd 1. Location and Access The community is located around 400km west from Ulaanbaatar city and in Khujirt soum, Uvurhangai province. Known as one of the most famous areas for natural hot spa. Public transportation /by big bus/ serves daily from Dragon auto centre. And back transportation is available daily from several points in Khujirt soum, Kharhorkhorin soum and in the province centre. Drive takes 8-9hours for one way. Local transportation options are public bus, taxi, private cars and rented or pre-arranged vehicles are main transportation from nearest town to reach the certain area where community is. Moving to other areas is easily arranged with rented vehicles or regular bus drives for spa clients even possible to walk till the road and take public transport like a hitchhiker.


• 2 Home Stays /Gers/ with beds Guided Excursions/Treks:

• Guided horse riding • Yak riding • Fishing in Orkhon river • Hiking and trekking



Facilities available around the community: • Dulaan khairkhan mountain • Yol khairkhan mountain • Human statue • Ibex rock • Sangiin dalai • Orkhon river waterfall, Tuvhun monastery • At soum centre there is a famous resort with clay treatment

Comfort: • elementary hygiene and cleanness standards of home stays • no waste management systems in place

26

• infrastructures available: mobile phone coverage within and surrounding the area; electric power

3. Level of sustainability and community involvemen t Environmental sustainability

• The community strongly involves in nature protection. After privatization of hot spa and clay treatment centre at Khujirt, lots of travelers come to visit this area so it shows real hazard onto nature.

• Keep resources that bring benefit to the community is now priority. • Located in famous destination takes them wide opportunity to learn and to implement

protection effectively. Social and culture sustainability

• This community starts as a new one. However It consists in only one family they can influence other families on how to use the potential resources they have and could bring some income. And how to protect it as well.

• Participate in grassland management activities; be involved in all nomadic life • New experience they can offer to share learning the immersion into nomad life while tourists

relax and get treatment in Hot Spa and Clay Centre. Economic sustainability

• Community could have direct income from renting their Ger, renting horses/ox carts and meal services to the guests. Even they can organize well organized horse and yak carting trips through area. Also they can make some constant income through cooperating with any guest houses and hostels in the nearby towns. This place could be local market to sell any products produced by locals to both of Mongolian and foreign travelers


4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization Last year the community did not receive any tourists due to its late opening, and low marketing. No direct marketing for international markets are made by the community. Communities direct clients were most guests previous year. Cooperates working with some tour operators in Ulaanbaatar.

27

11. Community name: Tsaatan (TCVC) 1. Location and Access A community is located in the Tsagaan Nuur soum/village of Khuvsgul province. Northern most soum in Mongolia centrally located between East and West Taiga. Key jumping-off point to access Tsaatan community The Tsaatan is around 200km north of Murun, province capital and 880km northwest from Ulaanbaatar. TCVC is accessible by vehicle (Approx. 10 hours from province capital). The Murun is accessible by public transit or commercial airline.


• Mongolia’s only reindeer herding community. Southernmost indigenous home range of reindeer in the world.

• Exclusive mechanism for coordinating a trip to the Tsaatan that includes Tsaatan people meaningfully and sustainably.

• Professionally-trained and certified service providers Accommodation:

• 6 comfortable cabins and authentic teepees. TCVC can accommodate 10-15 people. Full meal service onsite at TCVC and for taiga trips.

Guided Excursions/Treks: • Horses skilled in rugged taiga terrain; Russian saddles • Trekking & hiking • Fly fishing

Guides:

• English speaking two community guide

Facilities available around the community: • Unspoiled taiga ecosystem, unique Tsaatan culture • Ancient deer stone archeological sites • Confluence of Tengiis and Shishged Rivers • Darkhad valley and Jiglig pass towards Lake Khuvsgul National Park

Comfort:

• elementary hygiene and cleanness standards of home stays • Meal service features international-standard cuisine • no waste management systems in place • infrastructures available: mobile phone coverage within and surrounding the area; solar

electric power 3. Level of sustainability and community involvemen t Environmental sustainability

• All TCVC visitors receive orientation about taiga ecosystem and LNT ethics

28

• All TCVC guides trained in LNT; policies ensure that TCVC trips are environmentally-friendly • TCVC revenues go towards Community Fund, a portion of which is used for conservation

activities • Revenue from tourism reduces need of Tsaatan herders to depend on hunted game for meat


• All TCVC visitors receive orientation about Tsaatan culture/traditions/history and are educated about cultural sensitivity and do’s & don’ts

• TCVC itineraries avoid activities that commodify culture and disrupt daily lifestyle; TCVC service providers are trained in sustainable tourism principles

• Itineraries, logistics, operations are designed to be fully compatible with nomadic reindeer husbandry; TCVC systems are specifically designed for the Tsaatan’s unique socio-cultural conditions

• Rotating rosters of service providers make community involvement fair, predictable, non-competitive, and compatible with herding/movement schedules


• 100% of revenue goes directly to Tsaatan community • Unique financial system divides revenues between service provider salaries, Community Fund

portions, and operational overhead • Conservative financial extrapolations show that if current flows of tourism to taiga are re-

routed through TCVC, average household incomes will increase by 300-400% • TCVC is fully compatible with other tour industry stakeholders, and works in tandem to

maximize economic benefits for in-bound and out-bound operators, as well as regional and local outfitters

4. Level of international orientation and commercia lization

• Five trips coordinated through TCVC in opening season (2007), trips featured high-end tour

operator-arranged trips and backpackers. Clients have included German, American, Belgian, and British citizens thus far.

• Internet: TCVC Homepage via Itgel’s website (www.itgel.org), TCVC information and logo posted on Officially Endorsed Tour Operator Sites

• Brochures and other print marketing materials distributed domestically • Potential international media coverage: Media reps interested in FAM trips through TCVC

Forms of commercialization

• Officially Endorsed Tour Operators (in-bound and out-bound) are currently signing contracts to

include the TCVC in all company trips to the taiga.

Documents

Baseline study Communities in International Business€¦ · 1 Baseline study Communities in International Business Research report in the frame of the EU supported Asia Invest Project