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7/31/2019 Bantul Earth Quake. PERCIK Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine. June 2006.
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7/31/2019 Bantul Earth Quake. PERCIK Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine. June 2006.
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Editorial 1
Readers' Voice 2
Headlines
AMPL Data, Is It Possible To Be Integrated? 3
Different Definition, Different Result 5
Toward AMPL Data Integration 6
Director of People's Welfare Statistics of BPS
Our People Are Not Aware of Data 7
Head of Sub Directorate of Data and Information, Directorate General of
Cipta Karya: Mutual Consensus is Necessary 8
Telescope
Bantul, Completely Shattered 9Emergency Sanitation 13
Regulations
Government Regulation No. 2 of 2006 14
Interview
Executive Director ofDana Mitra Lingkungan ( Environmental
Partner Fund): Ir. Sri Bebassari, MSc:
Solid Waste Master Plan is a Must 15
Reportage
Agrotourism Village In The Corner of Jakarta 20
Story
Solid Waste Management Under The Style of Rungkut Lor Community 22
StudyEconomic Review on Water Investment Effect against
Indonesian Economy 24
Program
A Glimpse on Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program (ISSDP) 27
Innovation
Environmental-Friendly Incinerator 29
Perspective
Water Flows from State to Private 31
Temporal Mystery of Hydrologic Civilization 33
Challenge of Raw Water Supply in Drinking Water Requirement 37
Integrated (Upstream) Catchments Management for
People's Welfare 41About AMPL 45
About WASPOLA 47
CD Info 48
Book Info 49
Website Info 50
Agenda 51
AMPL Literature 52
Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id
Information Media for Water Supply and
Environmental Sanitation
Published by:
Working Group for Water Supply and Sanitation
Advisor:
Director General for Urban and
Rural Development, Department of Public Works
Board of Trustee:
Director of Human Settlement and Housing,
ational Development Planning Agency Republic
of Indonesia
Director of Water and Sanitation,Ministry of Health
Director of Water Supply Development,
Department of Public Works
Director of Natural Resources and Appropriate
Technology, Director General on Village and
Community Empowerment,
Department of Home Affairs
Director for Facilitation of Special Planning
Environment Management,
Department of Home Affairs
Chief Editor:
Oswar Mungkasa
Board of Editor:Supriyanto, Johan Susmono,
Indar Parawansa, Poedjastanto
Editor:
Maraita Listyasari, Rewang Budiyana,
Rheidda Pramudhy, Joko Wartono, Essy Asiah,
Mujiyanto, Andre Kuncoroyekti
Design/Illustrator:
Rudi Kosasih
Production:
Machrudin
Distribution:Agus Syuhada
Address:
Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat
Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113
http://www.ampl.or.id
e-mail: [email protected]
Unsolicited article or opinion items
are welcome. Please send to our address
or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and
accompanied by identity.
This magazine can be accessed at Water
Supply and Environmental Sanitation Website
at www.apml.or.id
7/31/2019 Bantul Earth Quake. PERCIK Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine. June 2006.
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In the mid of this year, Indonesia
is exposing to number of natural
disasters. When people between
Yogyakarta and Central Java was
haunted by eruption of Merapi vol-canic, they were suddenly stung by 5.9
Richter earthquake. About 6,000 peo-
ple died and hundreds of thousands
lost houses.
While handling impact of disaster
was not finished, another one came.
Blowout of hot mud flooded many
areas in Sidoarjo, East Java. Again,
people became victim of mishandling
oil exploration. Although it didn't take
victim, people should evacuate fromtheir settlement to avoid stinking
thick flood of mud. About 3,000 peo-
ple were evacuated, tens of hectares of
rice fields were inundated and eco-
nomic wheel was restricted because
mud blocked the roadways. Mud has
not been overcome and suddenly new
mud came.
Again, we were stabbed by big
flood striking eight regencies in South
Sulawesi. Almost 200 people died and
145 others were disappeared.Hundreds of houses were destroyed
by flood that suddenly struck while
people were sleeping. Wave of
refugees was running again. It seems
that government was out of fund for
the disaster.
What happen to our country may
indicate miserable portrait of our
environment. In addition, we see
there is no adequate solution for such
condition whereas we should be pre-
pared regarding we are living in the
potentially hazardous region. As
result, we can only rely on God and
hope His Mercy that we will be pro-
tected from other next calamities and
apologize for all our mischief to His
earth. On the other side, let's give
hand to our brothers!
With regard to this, in this time
Percik will take a look to emergency
situation in Bantul aftermath. The
regency lying in the south of
Yogyakarta is chosen because this is
the region with severest damage and
taking most tolls. We will certainly see
how water and sanitation condition in
the region is. We hope we could learn
from the lesson, especially in pre-
paring disaster response plan in the
water and sanitation sector.
In interview column, we will pre-
sent "the queen of waste", Sri
Bebassari to discuss out current waste
condition and what we will do in thefuture. This issue is important
because we are being in the emer-
gency situation of waste. Case of
Bandung city can be precedent for
poor management of urban waste,
and the same may take place in the
other cities. It needs much more
attention from the stakeholders, or
otherwise we will be exposed to a
horrible 'ghost' of waste.
In the headline, we invite you to
see discussion about AMPL data. It is
fact that we have abundant data in the
same sector. Each institution has its
own data and criteria and this results
in overlapping. Whose data is right?
Nobody knows. Why does it happen?
This condition will clearly affect
development planning in the future as
well as accurate assessment of the
development performance.
Dear readers, in the mid of uncer-
tain condition, we involve with envi-
ronmental exhibition in the JakartaConvention Hall. Alhamdulillah,
many visitors welcomed us in Pokja
AMPL-WASPOLA booth. Tens of visi-
tors subscribed to Percik and dis-
cussed about AMPL sector. We hope
this communication will go continu-
ously.
Regards.
EDITORIAL
Percik June 2006 1
SOURCE:DORMARINGAN HS
Pokja AMPL-WASPOLA booth was crowded with visitors.
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Column of Technology
Thank you for sending us the
newest edition ofPercik, April 2006.
This journal is good and informative.
I suggest you to highlight
reportage about experiences in
the developing countries in
line with water and sanitation,
either in community or urban
scale. There should be also co-
lumn of appropriate technolo-
gy application, from the exis-
ting technologies taught by
our ancestors, for example
waterwheel in West Sumatera,
until advanced ones, and ex-
plain how to apply them, res-
trictions, and how they are
addressed with the current sci-
ence and technology.
Good luck.
Max Pohan
Expert Staff of Minister of National
Planning and Development
In the field of Development Monitoring
We have always presented co-lumn of technology. Thank you for
suggestion. (Editorial)
Toward Free OpenDefecation
Lembak Sub-district is located in
Muara Enim Regency of South
Sumatera Province consisting of 18
villages and having population of
about 29,306 individuals or 7,531
families. Many people earn living
from rubber plantation. Sanitation is
insufficient. People who have and use
family latrine are only 2,818 families
or about 37.41% of total families with
latrine of 2,308 units throughout
Lembak Sub-district.
This condition urges Puskesmas
(local clinic) to make a move toward
Free Open Defecation by using CLTS
method. On 4-7 July 2005, CLTS
training was held in Muara Enim Sub-
district facilitated by three personnel
including 2 sanitarians and I myself.
Then, We organize CLTS training on
8-11 February for all Puskesmas avail-
able in Lembak. And from the trai-
ning, a CLTS team was established
consisting of ten personnel and we
call it "Triggering and Drive Team for
Change", and this team establishes awork plan to follow up the training.
Formerly, we also conduct CLTS
socialization in several events such
sub-district coordinating meeting
attended by Head of Sub-district, sub-
district staff, heads of institutions, all
heads of villages of Lembak sub-dis-
trict, and then PKK meeting and vil-
lage midwife.
Afterward, we make triggering to
all villages of Puskesmas Lembakareas everyday from 22 February
2006 - 31 March 2006. And every
Saturday, villages that have been trig-
gered in that week are invited to
attend the meeting held in Puskesmas
Lembak in order to conclude village
agreement, show movie of CLTS deve-
lopment in India, Bangladesh and
Babat Village, a village of Lembak
Sub-district that has been successfully
free open defecation, in order to
enhance their perspective and moti-
vate their actions. They have their
own strategy to follow upcommitment made in the vil-
lage by establishing small
groups.
Each village is in the com-
petition to declare their vil-
lage free open defecate, and
even the small groups estab-
lished in the village also fol-
low competition to finish la-
trine construction that is on
the account of their respec-tive group. Tanjung Tiga vil-
lage is even willingly to post-
pone the ngetam (rice har-
vest) to make latrine, which is realized
for two weeks. Some villages are even
out of latrine stock in the store.
Since CLTS is implemented for 5
weeks, there have been 1,097 units of
additional latrine with latrine users being
1,956 families. Some villages that have
just been triggered for few days haveadded their latrine. From the result of our
monitoring until 4 April 2006, latrine
user increases from 37.41% to 62.95%.
We usually conduct triggering out-
side working hours in the afternoon.
Besides, we always make revisit to see
their progress and record their work.
We hope this writing will be useful
for readers and motivate us, especial-
ly health personnel, to care of people
in their respective work area. We donot find any difficulties in facilitation;
the important thing is strong commit-
ment and will.
Drg. P. Agustine SiahaanHead of Puskesmas
Lembak Sub-district of Muara
Enim Regency
South Sumatera Province
READERS' VOICE
Percik June 2006 2
SOURCE:AGUSTINE SIAHAAN
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G
ood developmental gover-
nance is indicated by trans-
parency, accountability and
community participation. Develop-
ment plan is implemented based on
baseline data, development trend, de-
mand projection, and resources allo-
cation.
Article 31 of Law No. 25 of 2004
regarding National Planning System
stated that development plan should
be based on accurate and accountable
data. As consequence, the need for
accountable data is a must. Use of ac-
curate and up to date data will
encourage efficient and effective
development.
In general, data provides three
major functions, namely as informa-
tion source, measuring tool, and com-
parative tool. As information source,
data can present development
achievement, what has been imple-
mented, what has not, which part has
not covered by the development. With
data, we can measure how far the
development has achieved the given
target. As control, data may indicate
effectiveness of an activity.
Besides function, data plays
important role in the planning until
measurement of development achie-
vement as decision supporting system
HEADLINES
Percik June 2006 3
Water and Sanitation DataIs It Possible
To Be Integrated?
ILLUSTRATION BY www.rudikoz.com
7/31/2019 Bantul Earth Quake. PERCIK Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine. June 2006.
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and control to prevent mistake recur-
rence and program repetition, and
support implementation of transpa-
rent, accountable and participatory
government.Seeing the role of development
data, its availability is the key to suc-
cessful development. Imagine how the
decision can be taken without eligible
supporting data as basis for the deci-
sion making. It is sure that the result
will be different from expectation or
even unsuitable at all.
In the developing countries, deve-
lopment database receives important
attention. Data system appliedenables availability of all data as
required. Such condition will allow
efficient and effective implementation
of development.
AMPL Data in Indonesia
Indonesia which has been inde-
pendent since 1945 should have
detailed development database.
However the fact tells different.
Development data system is un-suitable with expectation. Until today,
numbers of development data is still
difficult to access. If any, it is often
insufficient. Unsurprisingly, the data
cannot be analyzed as basis for deci-
sion making.
This fact also covers water and
sanitation (AMPL) sector, whereas
development in this sector has existed
comprehensively and systematically
since PELITA I. However, the deve-lopment of physical facilities is not
followed by integrated data collection.
Many relevant institutions issue the
AMPL data. For example, Ministry of
Health, Ministry of Public Work, or
Ministry of Home Affairs has its own
data. As result, there would be diffe-
rent number for the same category or
target group.
This is understandable consi-
dering that each institution will focus
on achieving target of developmentimplemented by the relevant institu-
tion. Such different data is also caused
by different definition, variable cate-
gorization, data collection method,
and reliability of human resources
that process and manage the data.
Such various data cannot certainly
be integrated simply. On the other
side, development data must be avail-
able. Solution is by using data issued
by Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS)as the authorized data-issuing agency.
This AMPL data is collected based on
result of National Social Economic
Survey (SUSENAS). The SUSENAS
data is used as reference, especially to
evaluate MDGs achievement.
Availability of AMPL data in BPS
is very limited. Why? Because AMPL
data has not been considered special-
ly treated variable comparable to
other sectors such as agriculture orrice sale survey. In SUSENAS, scope
of questions for this sector is also li-
mited. For example, no BPS data
available on how many eligible bore
well, minimum 10 meter from septic
tank. This survey only highlights glo-
bal issues.
Unavailability of detailed data
encourages relevant institution out-
side BPS to make more particular sur-
vey. Therefore, each institutionadopts method considered suitable
with data required.
Unfortunately, during data survey,
coordination among institutions and
between those institutions and BPS
competent surveyor has not been
established as expected. Data overlap-
ping is found anywhere. Different de-
finition in the institution and commu-
nity level continues to occur. Very
often, AMPL facility is not surveyed
accurately in the community levelbecause it is defined differently.
Community perception is different
from surveyor's causing the same
facility is put on the different data.
Different data also occurs due to dif-
ferent technical criteria on facility and
infrastructure.
Future Challenge
Unavailability of standard data re-
flecting real condition of AMPL sectorand as reference for all stakeholders is
clearly unbeneficial from development
and outsider's view. This indicates lack of
good governance. Therefore, synergy
among stakeholders and between stake-
holders and BPS should be established.
Many things can be done together
such as making comparative analysis on
how to define, collect and aggregate the
current AMPL sector. It is also important
that the stakeholders re-identify categoryof AMPL data required either in national
or locals level for synchronization with
SUSENAS, which is conducted by BPS,
and identify stakeholders' role and res-
ponsibility for AMPL data management.
The equally important thing is to bu-
ild mutual consensus among AMPL sta-
keholders in the classifying, collecting
and managing the AMPL data especial-
ly for baseline data and MDGs moni-
toring. Here, stakeholders should meettogether and discuss the matter. It is
ideal that local government also partici-
pates in the discussion because it is the
central point of data collection in the
local level. It is the local government
who recognizes AMPL data in its region
and verifies data issued by BPS. MJ
HEADLINES
Percik June 2006 4
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Definition plays important
role in the data collection.
Different definition will pro-
duce totally different result. The-
refore, establishment of the same de-
finition will be first and main thing to
do before data collection, or other-
wise, the result will be different one
another. This is the thing that goes in
the presentation of water and sanita-tion (AMPL) data in Indonesia so far.
Table 1 presents example of diffe-
rent definitions in the water sector to
distinguish between good and bad
category according to Indonesian
MDGs monitoring report and BPS.
The abovementioned table high-lights the protected water sources,
where MDGs considers public hy-
drant the protected water sources,
while BPS does not. It is possible that
BPS considers hydrant part of
pipeline system because it takes water
from the pipeline. Whilst, MDGs con-
siders public hydrant an independent
water source because its distribution
is totally different although coming
from the same source. It is more dis-
tinct in considering the unprotected
water sources. In this category, BPS
includes river into the unprotected
source, while MDGs does not and in
the contrary includes water from
handcart into it.
Definition used by the data source
is also not suitable with definition of
improved and unimproved water and
sanitation, which is currently used to
monitor MDGs achievement of hou-
sing and settlement sector in the glo-
bal level. Besides, such different defi-
nition also occurs in the community
level. Such difference pertains to per-
ception between community and sur-
veyor. This allows the same facility
put in the different data cluster.
In addition to definition issue,
there is a different method used by
each institution according to service
provider point of view. Table 2 pre-
sents one example of unsynchronized
data of various institutions.
Data in the table 2 indicates
UNICEF and WHO collecting data from
SUSENAS but with significantly diffe-
rent number. Which one is correct?
Certainly all the data is correct
because it is based on its own argu-
mentation. The question, is such dif-
ference remaining to be perpetuated?
In respect of data, there should be
integration. (MJ/GUS)
HEADLINES
Percik June 2006 5
Different Definition,
Different ResultData
Issuance
UNICEF
WHO
PublicWorks
PERPAMSI
Directory
BPS
(non piping)
Area
Urban
Rural
Total
Urban
Rural
Total
UrbanRural
Total
Urban
Rural
Total
Urban
1994
43,0
1996
89,1
61,5
71,4
54,4
34,3
41,5
1997
90,8
65,7
75,0
72,8
45,2
55,4
1998
90,8
67,3
76,4
55,2
35,9
43,1
36,8
36,8
62,2
1999
91,7
67,7
77,1
55,5
35,6
43,4
2000
90,1
68,7
78,2
51,7
51,7
2001
90,6
67,0
77,2
2002
91,4
68,5
78,7
61,4
40,8
50,0
Source
SUSENAS
SUSENAS
calculation for
MDG'S
DGURD, PU
PERPAMSI
BPS
Table 2
Water Service Coverage according to Different Institution
Table 1Category of clean water according
to different statistical reports
1995
87,3
57,4
67,7
52,6
30,8
38,5
63,6
BPS
1. Mineralized water
(including refill)
2. Unprotected well
3. Unprotected spring
4. River
5. Others (lake, pond, etc.)
Indonesian MDGs
Report
1. Cart
2. Mineralized water
3. Water from
tank truck
4. Unprotected well
5. Unprotected spring
BPS
1. Pipeline system
2. Bore well
3. Protected well
4. Protected spring
5. Rain water
Indonesian MDGs
Report
1. Pipeline system
2. Public hydrant
3. Bore well
4. Protected well
5. Protected spring
6. Rain water
PROTECTED CLEAN WATER UNPROTECTED CLEAN WATER
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Data integration should be
inevitably conducted by all
AMPL stakeholders in view
of its urgency. Of course the process is
not so simple. Each stakeholder
should eliminate 'individual', overlap-
ping and unorganized data manage-
ment.
For more integrated and reliable
data management, there should be a
number of steps such as making com-
parative analysis on how to define,
collect and aggregate the current
AMPL sector, mainly by BPS and rele-
vant institutions. It is also important
that the stakeholders re-identify cate-
gory of AMPL data required either in
national or locals level for synchro-
nization with SUSENAS, which is con-
ducted by BPS, and identify stake-
holder's role and responsibility for
AMPL data management. The process
will inevitably require participation of
all stakeholders, which aims to build
mutual consensus for the issue.
Besides, Local Government also
has significant role. It should proac-
tively recognize the AMPL
data under its territory.
Thereby, AMPL data ma-
nagement will become sy-
nergic network with good
horizontal or vertical con-
nection. Through the pro-
cess, we expect that data
management will be effec-
tive, efficient, and remains
achievable and reasonable.
First Step
During period of 2006,
Pokja AMPL (Water and
Sanitation Working Gro-
up) consisting of AMPL stakeholders
establishes a program to realize the
objective. This program consists of
various components such as:
Proposition of data change in
SUSENAS-BPS
This component includes ac-
tivities such as serial meeting,
workshop, proposition process,
implementation of the proposed
change in 2007 SUSENAS-BPS
work;
Development of synergic network
in the data management among
AMPL stakeholders
This component includes:
Consolidation of data and infor-
mation including results of stu-
dies conducted by stakeholders
for compilation, categorization,
interchange, and publication
(books, CDs, website)
Consolidation of AMPL data ma-
nagement program from each
stakeholder
Grand design of AMPL data ma-
nagement, from comparative
analysis in the form of AMPL
data management study in each
Technical Department
Socialization in the local level re-
garding importance of AMPL da-
tabase compilation as matter of
MDGs achievement monitoring
This component includes:
To communicate importance of
data management for the region
in each implementation of other
AMPL programs
To monitor and evaluate imple-
mentation of AMPL data manage-
ment in the local level
To facilitate region in the data
management
These programs are supported by
all parties concerning with AMPL
data development such as Bappenas,
BPS, Ministry of Public Work,
Ministry of Home Affairs, and State
Ministry for Environment. Interna-
tional agencies also participate such
as UNICEF, and AusAID through
WASPOLA program. Upon support of
these stakeholders, we hope that
AMPL data manage-
ment will be imple-
mented integrally and
holistically but remain
effective and efficient.
Indeed, the result is
still vague. But, from
activities involving the
stakeholders, we are
about to feel atmos-
phere toward AMPL
data integration. We
hope that the AMPL
data integration will
come true.
(GUS/MJ)
HEADLINES
Percik June 2006 6
Toward AMPL Data Integration
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ILLUSTRATION BY RUDI KOSASIH
1.
2.
3.
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How is data management
concept in the National
Statistics System?
The concept is to establish an
order consisting of regularly related
elements to form total statistical
implementation. As we recognize that
statistical agencies include Central
Bureau of Statistics (BPS) that issues
baseline statistics, government insti-tution (sectoral) that issues sectoral
statistics and community that issues
special-purpose statistics. To create
totality in the statistical implementa-
tion, coordination among the three
agencies is necessary in terms of plan-
ning, collection, and/or analysis of
statistical data, which can lead to
homogeneity of concept, definition,
classification, and measures in order
to produce complete, accurate, and upto date statistical data as well as avoid
duplication.
How can you explain BPS role
in the national statistical data
management?
BPS role is to be center for statisti-
cal reference. It means that each sta-
tistical work made either by govern-
ment institution or community
should be informed of its planning byfollowing recommendation provided
by BPS and delivering the result to BPS.
In this respect, government institution
or community is allowed to make its
own statistics. However, such as activity
should involve BPS if it is conducted by
means of census or covering population
in the national level.
How can BPS effectively
implement the role and what is
restriction?
The most important thing BPS
should do is to socialize Law No. 16 of
1997 regarding Statistics and
Government Regulation No. 51 of
1999 regarding statistical implemen-
tation to all statistics-related persons,
including community as respondent.
Restriction encountered is that people
are less aware of importance of com-
plete, accurate and up to date data so
that it affects quality of data produced
from statistical work.
Presentation of statistical
number is often "overlapping",
either issued by technical (sec-
toral) department or by BPS.
What has BPS done for solution?
For internal BPS, Insya Allah such
"overlapping" will not be found
because BPS implements one-stop
service for data demand, namely
through Directorate of Statistical
Dissemination in cooperation with
relevant BPS organization unit.
Whilst for external BPS, it is recog-
nized that there are many things that
must be done to overcome the "over-
lapping" issue. So far, BPS has made
efforts by inviting relevant institu-
tions for cooperation prior to statisti-cal work. For example, BPS invites
some relevant institutions in an
interdepartmental meeting to prepare
National Social Economic Survey
(SUSENAS) and socializes the results
through seminar, etc. Besides, BPS
sends Sectoral Statistical Survey
Notification Form (FS3) to the rele-
vant institutions to complete as per
available questions on statistical work
conducted by the institution. BPSthen conducts, scrutinizes and evalu-
ates the proposed survey design for
recommendation granted to the rele-
vant institution. If recommendation is
not granted, the institution is not
allowed to conduct statistical work.
How far is response of sec-
toral department to these BPS
efforts?
So far, response of relevant institu-tions is good by attending activities held
by BPS. However, Sectoral Statistical
Survey Notification Form (FS3) is insuf-
ficient. Institution that routinely
responds to BPS efforts is Bank Indo-
nesia. Thus, recommendation that BPS
always issues is automatically for Bank
Indonesia. (GUS/MJ)
HEADLINES
Percik June 2006 7
Director of People's Welfare Statistics of BPS, Ahrizal Manaf
Our People Are Not Aware of DataSOURCE: EXCLUSIVE
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H ow is data and informationmanagement concept inthe Directorate General of Hu-
man Settlement?
Before reestablishment of Direc-
torate General of Human Settlement,
there were applications of data mana-
gement. Organizational structure of,
formerly Directorate General of TPTP,
was divided into areas and the each
area was subdivided into sectors.Each directorate referred to data
required as per work scope by using
different method of data collection,
depending on available fund and col-
lection time. There was no optimum
integration. Since reestablishment of
Directorate General of Human Set-
tlement in 2005, it has Subdit of Data and
Information under Directorate of Pro-
gram Development that holds responsi-
ble for data collection and management
as well as progress report of development
under Human Settlement. Thank God
that in the 2005-2009 Strategic Plan of
Ministry of Public Work, Data Ma-
nagement and Information Dissemi-
nation become priority of development.
What are restrictions encoun-
tered in the data management?
If we look back, especially in the
last 1 year, there were so many restric-
tions, at least there were four restric-tions: firstly, data. Maintenance of the
existing data is insufficient and rarely
backed up. Procedural bypass is often
conducted in data retrieval so that the
file will be blown up; secondly, appli-
cation. So far, any third party that ma-
kes many applications does not deli-
ver program and code sources to data
provider. Some applications
cannot be used via network
because they have different
platforms; thirdly, hardware.
Hardware procurement is
not coordinated adequately.
Hardware upgrading less an-
ticipates demand for load,
speed, and capacity of data
storage; fourthly, Human Resources.
Our human resources have not beenready for change in information
technology. IT minded has not been
entrenched in our daily activities.
How to address such restric-
tions?
We are preparing Master Plan of
Management Information System (RI
SIM). We hope the master plan will be
accomplished in the end of this year and
it will be socialized to all stakeholders
about development plan in the future.
Very often, sectoral data issued
by another institution is different.
How do you comment this?
Well, we must see the background.
It is like in our work unit. Each insti-
tution collects data as per demand
and interest. In this case, we will see
which is the up to date, and whether
the issuing institution has competen-
cy to do so.
What possibly causes such
difference?
As I told you that it is due to different
interest and purpose of each institution.
Sometimes any institution publishes
data without considering function of
another competent institution that is
supposed to make it.
What efforts having
been taken to bridge the
difference?
There should be consen-
sus among relevant institu-
tions and who is responsible
for what data. We have
made this with BAPPENAS and BPS
for AM and PLP data. We meettogether to unite our perception, defi-
nition, indicators, variables, and pro-
cedure of data collection as per BPS
standard and thus data validity is
granted. BPS is the competent autho-
rity for publication of the national
data. We, together with BAPPENAS
and BPS, will conduct tryout this year
and will arrange SUSENAS in 2007.
How far relationship between
Ministry of Public Work and BPS
in this National Statistical System?
Until 2005, we have established
cooperation with BPS in the settlement
data and information collection. At the
time being, Directorate General of Hou-
sing and Settlement was existed. Starting
2006, such function is taken over by
Directorate General of Human Settle-
ment. Today, rearrangement of questi-
ons for SUSENAS 2007 is being conduc-
ted pertaining to AM and PLP in coope-ration with BAPPENAS and BPS. We
hope this will continue in the future con-
sidering that data collected should be
time-series and we are fully recognize
that BPS is highly competent in conduc-
ting data survey and management which
will be reference for us to implement
the prescribed policy. (MJ/GUS)
HEADLINES
Percik June 2006 8
Head of Sub Directorate of Data and Information,
Directorate General of Human Settlement, Ministry of Public Work, Dwityo A. Soeranto
Mutual Consensus is NecessarySOURCE:EXCLUSIVE
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TELESCOPE
Percik June 2006 9
It was 05.53 hrs local time. Many
Yogya people and the vicinity were
still at home having their breakfast
before they left for work. Suddenly, earth
shook dreadfully. Earthquake was com-
ing. Data from Meteorology and
Geophysical Agency indicated 5.9 at
Richter scale. People were topsy-turvy
run out of the house to save their life.
Some were left hit by collapsed houses.
Many of them were dead and injured.
Panic covered the area right after
earthquake because rumor of tsunami
was blowing up. People run away toward
north. Roads from Bantul (in south) to
Yogyakarta were crowded by vehicles
and the running people and in this messy
situation, accident was unavoidable and
caused injury to some people. And fortu-
nately rumor of tsunami was not evident.
People went back. Some were grateful
because their houses only damaged
slightly whilst many other should shed
tears because they lost some of their
beloved families and houses.
In day five after disaster, ruins of
houses still heaped in place. They didn't
want to put aside the ruins first. Most of
them only thought how to get food,
which was not distributed well until a
week after disaster. The remote areas
were very apprehensive because of lack
of foods and drugs.
Some excavators coming from vari-
ous regions to clean the ruins were not
doing anything but only parked in the
office of Cipta Karya Service. People
didn't want to have their houses cleaned
because they heard statement of Vice
President Yusuf Kalla that earthquake
victims will be granted Rp. 10-30 million
per house depending severity. They
wanted to clean the ruins after data sur-
vey has finished.
In emergency situation, they referred
staying under emergency tents. Not like
in Aceh where refugees were concen-
trated in the shelters, Yogya people and
the vicinity referred staying around their
ruined houses. They built temporary
shelters by using tents and iron sheeting.
Some of them even stayed in the open air
upon reason that they wanted to care for
their goods; moreover rumor of theft was
prevalent. Unsurprisingly, they suspec-
ted everyone who visited their location
without identity or just to take a look to
available ruins.
Good Water, Open DefecationGood Water, Open Defecation
NOBODY KNOWS. EVERYTHING GOES SO QUICKLY. HOUSESRUINED IN FEW SECOND. ABOUT 6,000 LIVES WERE DEAD.
HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS PEOPLE LOST HOUSES.BANTUL REGENCY WAS THE REGION WITH SEVERESTCONDITION. YOGYAKARTA AND THE VICINITY ARE GRIEVING.
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A big pamphlet was saying "Kami bukan
tontonan" (We're not the object of
watch), or "Ini bukan daerah wisata
gempa" (This is not an earthquake tour).
AMPL Condition
In general, water in the affected area
is still adequate. People's bore wells are
usable although they have to be cleaned
from ruins. Meanwhile, people changed
to bail water from the wells.
Head of RT 8/13 Kanubayan hamlet,
Trirenggo village, Bantul Sub-district of
Bantul Regency, Karyadi explained that
water does not matter. However, because
electricity was cut off, they should bailwater from the wells, whilst they usually
used water pump.
It was different in RT. 02 Sawungan
hamlet, Sumbermulyo village, Bambang-
lipuro Sub-district of Bantul Regency,
well water was slightly odor and turbid
but usable. "Not too bad, we can still use
the water", said Sukindro, one of local
people while pointing wall ruins that fell
into well.
In RW 39 Derman, SumbermulyoVillage of Bambanglipuro Sub-district of
Bantul, the damaged houses reached
90%. Their 90% well pump didn't work.
"We have water deficit here," said Head
of RW, Suwandi DS.
Water is available for drinking and
cooking, but is not sufficient for bathing
twice as usual. "Now we take a bath only
once and still have to wait until night
because bathing location is unclosed,"
said Sukindro.This water issue has been paid atten-
tion. One unit of water treatment truck
as result of cooperation between Direc-
torate General of Human Settlement,
ALPI ITB and Kodam III Siliwangi was
deployed to produce clean water.
Distribution was undertaken by vo-
lunteers from the institution of other
regions. Public hydrants were also
deployed in 25 water-sensitive points.
UNICEF was to provide 50 public
hydrants and hundreds gallons of water.
Water was then sufficient although not
meeting standard.
However, the main problem was sa-
nitation. Closets were destroyed coin-
ciding with houses collapse. In Bantul
area in particular, bathrooms and closets
were built attaching to houses. Such con-
dition has changed people behavior in
defecation. They were again to defecateopenly.
River became choice. "By chance,
we're close to Winongo and Kalisoro
Rivers. The water is running. It is emer-
gency, isn't it? What can we do then with
grounded bathrooms and closets," said
Suwandi. According to him, he and other
people understand that sanitation is sub-
stantial, but all to do now is rescue.
"I just think about sanitation after day
eight. But it's just thinking, I don't knowwhether or not it is done," said the for-
mer member of Local Parliament.
"Morning becomes a trend; in the
dawn people are going to river," said
Sukindro. People didn't want to defecate
around the ruins. "People here are
ashamed of defecation around the house.
At least, only children will do it," he said
TELESCOPE
Percik June 2006 10
Bantul 223.117 779.287 4.143 8.673 3.353 71.763 71.372 73.669 236 401 268
Sleman 95.865 364.258 243 689 2.539 19.113 27.687 49.065 2 159 281
Yogyakarta 48.808 205.625 204 245 73 7.186 14.561 21.230 22 144 104
Kln. Progo 19.090 74.976 23 282 1.897 4.527 5.178 8.501 1 20 110 11 177 123 39 57
Gng. Kidul 43.042 179.631 84 1.086 0 12.581 5.950 18.178 307 11 135 280 120
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Lokasi Victim Kerusakan (Rumah Penduduk) Fasilitas Umum
Family Individual Death Serious Lk Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan Tempat Ibadah Sekolah Bang Pemerintah
Roboh Berat Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan
Total 429.922 1.603.777 4.697 18.837 7.862 115.170 124.748 170.643 1 20 653 282 1.016 1.056 120 39 57
In general,water in the affected
area is still adequate.People's bore wells are
usable although they haveto be cleanedfrom ruins.
Meanwhile, peoplechanged to bail water
from the wells.
Table of Total Victims and Damage Caused by Earthquake
Yogyakarta Special Region
Source: Yogyakarta Special Region Center News, June 17, 2006
Lokasi Korban Kerusakan (Rumah Penduduk) Fasilitas Umum
KK Jiwa Meninggal Lk Berat Lk Ringan Roboh Berat Rin gan Tempat Ibadah Sekolah Bang Pemerintah
Roboh Berat Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan
Kab. Klaten 1.045 18.127 29.988 62.979 98.552 46 230 22 76 430 439
Kab. Magelang 1.318 5.108 10 386 386 546 1 20 54 56 36 60Kab. Boyolali 4 300 307 696 708 2 1
Kab. Sukoharjo 3 67 51 1.808 2.475 27 45 6 14 7
Kab. Wonogiri 0 4 17 12 74 25
Kab. Purworejo 1 4 10 214 780 26 87
Total 1.318 5.108 1.063 18.502 30.759 66.095 103.136 47 303 208 163 482 507
Central Java
Total DIY&Jateng 431.240 1,608.885 5.760 37.339 145.929 190.843 273.779 653 329 1.319 1.264 283 521 564
Bantul Reg.
Sleman Reg.
Yogyakarta City
Kulon Progo Reg.
Gunung Kidul Reg.
Location
1.608.885
SeriousInjury
MinorInjury Collapse
Collapse Mayor Minor Collapse Mayor Minor Collapse Mayor Minor
Mayor Minor Praying Place School Government Bank
Damage (Public Resident)Victim General Facility
Location SeriousInjury
DeathIndividualFamily MinorInjury Collapse
Collapse Mayor Minor Collapse Mayor Minor Collapse Mayor Minor
Mayor Minor Praying Place School Government Bank
Damage (Public Resident)Victim General Facility
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while pointing a river ranging about 200
m from village.
Besides involuntariness, it was
caused by trauma. This is what felt by
people in Pajimatan hamlet, Girirejo vil-
lage, Imogiri Sub-district of Bantul. "I
encourage people to defecate in the river,
because they're still afraid of earthquake.
I myself go to the river for that purpose,"
said Abdul Gani, LPMD advisor of the
village. In this area, people also used
public bath available in Imogiri bus sta-
tion but the capacity is not sufficient.
Such behavior caused problem. Until
1 June 2006 (day five after disaster), all
hospitals and health coordinating postsreported to have treated diarrhea
patients, either adults or children.
Diarrhea attack has been predicted
before. This is most likely to available
due to poor sanitation and open dumped
waste that invites the pest. The available
bathing facility is insufficient. Besides
diarrhea, other predicted diseases
include ISPA (respiratory infection) and
smallpox among children.
Emergency closets were not availablealthough they have been initiated. For
example, Government of DKI Jakarta
sent several units of public toilet that
were deployed in the field of Trirenggo
village, Bantul, just in front of Regent's
official house as Posko Satkorlak daerah
(Local Taskforce Coordinating Post).
This quantity was very insufficient com-
pared to the affected area.
Solid Waste, in emergency situation,
has not been paid attention. It is surethat debris will be abundant. Such debris
was not removed at all because it
required so many personnel. Some vic-
tims' families from outside the area spe-
cially came to clean the debris. Amount
of houses removed of debris were so
small. Some people used the ruin to
rebuild their houses.
Meanwhile, Waste Water Treatment
Plant (IPAL) Yogyakarta located in
Sewon, Bantul seemed to be safe. Only
roads around the IPAL were cracked. It
is likely that the crack also took place in
the bottom area of the plant. However, it
is difficult to prove because IPAL cannot
be stopped of operation. So far, people
living around the plant didn't have any
complaint of waste water seepage into
their wells.
In the future, during recovery, recon-
struction and rehabilitation, there
should be reliable personnel in the field
of sanitation, surveillance and nutrition.
All to do is guiding the people because
they are willingly to participate. They
also have great motivation for revival.
Some of them are even committed to be
free from subsidy. (Mujiyanto, based on
monitoring on days 4 and 6 after disas-
ter).
(Mujiyanto, by virtue of
the 4-6th day review of after disaster)
TELESCOPE
Percik June 2006 11
C an you explain conditionof PDAM Bantul due toearthquake last Saturday?
PDAM Bantul provides 12 water
systems located in several sub-dis-
tricts. From the amount, eight sys-
tems have been operated on day 5
(Wednesday/7/6), while 4 other ha-
ve not. There is still a trouble. The
suspended ones are available in
Dlingo, Trimulyo, Srandakan, and
Plandak. The cause is electricity cut
off.
Have the operating ones
been normal?
Not maximal, but at least they
can produce again. As I say that it's
due to electricity cut off, and the
second factor is interrupted distri-
bution. So far, the damaged distri-
bution lines are about 10%. Unsur-
prisingly, water is still turbid in
some locations because there may
be leakage. We are always attemp-
ting to fix it.
How many consumer are
interrupted of water distribu-
tion?
About 2,000 of 11,500 con-
sumers of PDAM Bantul. It should
be understood that most of Bantul
people live in the village and get
water from bore wells and pumps.
Water here is so clean and shallow.
How can PDAM anticipate
this emergency condition, es-
pecially for the consumers?
We provide public hydrants.
Until now we have provided 50 pub-
YUDI INDARTO,Administration Director of PDAM, Bantul Regency
SOURCE:MUJIYANTO
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TELESCOPE
Percik June 2006 12
C an you explain conditionof health service inBantul Regency?
Today, whole Puskesmas ser-
vice is collapse. This is because
almost 65% Puskesmas were
destroyed or damaged so that they
cannot be used to serve the peo-
ple.
How is the service ren-dered to the affected victims?
Currently we've got medical
aids as much as 500 general prac-
titioners and 50 specialists plus
1,000 nurses complete with medi-
cine. We also receive field hospi-
tal. Thank God that RSUD
(Emergency Hospital) is still func-
tioning. There are three field hos-
pitals with capacity 100 beds, res-
pectively. The hospitals are avail-
able in Dwiwindu field, RS PKU
Muhammadiyah, and RS Panem-
bahan Senopati. We'll immediate-
ly send the ill people to the field
hospital. All services are free of
charge, including those in private
hospital. It will be government's
account.
How long will this emer-
gency situation persist?About 10 days.
What is the next plan
afterward?
We have anticipated that dis-
eases will prevail following the
disaster due to poor sanitation.
This possibly happens because
many sanitary facilities were da-
maged so that people defecate in
the open areas. Thus, we'restarting to make spraying for pest
(flies) control. We also encourage
people to be aware of defecation.
We keep coordinating with any
relevant institutions for water
supply to meet people demand.
What diseases have been
detected?
They include respiratory ins-
pection (ISPA), dermatitis, diar-rhea, trachoma, and ear-nose-
throat (THT) disease.
What actions do you take
following emergency situation?
We want Puskesmas operate
again. We want the damaged
Puskesmas building rebuilt soon-
er. This is very important. Be-
sides, we're establishing coopera-
tion with Public Work Service to
reconstruct sanitary facilities for
the affected persons.
Is there any aid needed?
From medical viewpoint, it is
enough for this emergency situation.
However, we need sanitarians, sur-
veillants and nutritionists. (MJ)
lic hydrants for refuge coordinating
posts. One public hydrant has capacity
of 3,000 liters. These are not only for
our consumers but also for other peo-
ple. The hydrants are supplied fromwater treatment plants (IPA) by using
18 units of tank trucks.
Is the available Public Hy-
drant adequate?
No, it isn't. Ideally, there should be
minimum 150 units of public hy-
drants. However, we admit that we ha-
ve many weaknesses.
What do you mean?We get no fund for the allocation.
We're still making proposal and we don't
know when the fund can be disbursed. On
the other side, we also sustain the inci-
dent. Almost 80% of our personnel are
suffering. One of them was dead, Sarjono.
The operational is practically disrupted. It
should be aware of, current operation is
conducted by external parties such as per-
sonnel of other PDAMs that served as
driver, IPA operators, etc. We have notactually been recovered, but we should
open from the morning until 21.00 hrs.
Talking about electricity, is
PDAM Bantul not having its own
power plant?
We have only one unit of mobile
genset so that it cannot be applied be-
cause everything needs electric. So, we
wait for electric power from PLN.
What is urgent for PDAM
Bantul?
In such emergency situation, we
need human resources. Besides, we
need tank truck for water distribution.
We have only two units of tank trucks
so far. (MJ)
dr. SITI NOORZAENAB, MKes,Head of Health Service of Bantul Regency
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After the earthquake on Satur-
day, May 27th 2006 at 5.53
am, which destroyed or da-
maged the houses of 200.000 people
and killed more than 6200 people in
the Yogyakarta and Central Java
region, emergency aid already arrived
and eased the suffer of most of the vic-
tims.
In a next step emergency sanita-tion facilities have to be wisely
planned and implemented in time in
order to reduce the risks of outbreaks
of communicable diseases in the shel-
ters. Those shelters, providing space
for 150-500 persons each, are estab-
lished near the destroyed houses of
the victims. Coordination posts
(POSKO) channel the emergency aid
to the communities seeking shelter in
those places. First cases of local out-breaks of diarrhea already occur by
this day.
A lesson learned from the Aceh
experience is the need to reduce waste
water volume in shelters, as septic
tanks are not designed to adsorb huge
amounts of water. Capacity of
vacuum trucks for evacuation
of wastewater is limited, also
the capacity of possible
receiving points for thesludge and wastewater treat-
ment. The Waste Water Tre-
atment Plant in Sewon, Ban-
tul District, experienced
cracks in the pond structure.
A continuously operation will
cause ground water pollution
in the nearby area.
The concept of the new emergency
sanitation application:
Waste Water Reduction by limiting
the amount of water used and sepa-
rating grey and blackwater
Blackwater treatment using a modi-
fied DEWATS principle, where pre-fabricated water tanks are modified
and arranged in a way to achieve a
baffled anaerobic reactor of 8 stages
Sedimentation and surface dis-
charge/infiltration of the greywater
and treated blackwater
Separation of the sub-units (tanks)
and connection with flexible joints
(silicon) to allow stability against on
going aftershocks of the earthquake.
The unit includes a water tank forfreshwater. No water pipes are
installed to the toilet rooms. Users
have to carry water in 8 l buckets to
the toilet. This is to insure a minimum
but effective use of water. A piping
system into the toilet rooms would
increase the waste water volume by up
to 8 times, shown by the experiences
in Aceh.
An operator is assigned and paid a
fee of 600.000 Rupiah (equal to 50
Euro) per months. This ensures clean-
ingness of the facilities.
The applied waste water treatment
by the DEWATS principle will allow a
reduction of BOD and COD, the indi-cators for organic pollution in the
Blackwater by >90%. In order to
accelerate the startup, anaerobic
sludge from the existing DEWATS
plants in Yogya (there are more than
10 DEWATS units operating in the
area) will be injected into the reactors
upon starting up operation of the unit.
Costs for a facility for 200 persons
are 32.000.000 Indonesian Rupiah
(equal to 3000 Euro), maximumresponse time after identification of
the location in demand until starting
operation is 5 days.Pe-fabrication of
the units already started at the prem-
ises of BORDA-Yogyakarta office in
close cooperation with the local part-
ner NGO LPTP
Currently locations are
under identification. The ef-
forts are tuned with the Water
& Sanitation Coordination gro-up chaired by UNICEF.
Source of funding for
implementation of emergency
sanitation facilities are private
donations.
* BORDA Representative
Indonesia
TELESCOPE
Percik June 2006 13
by: Frank W. Fladerer *
1.
2.
3.
4.
Emergency
Sanitation
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In the end of January, govern-
ment issued a new Government
Regulation concerning foreign
loan and/or grant agreement and
allocation procedure. This regulationoutlines competent borrower; source,
type and conditions of loan; loan
planning and procurement; imple-
mentation and management; trans-
mission procedure; reporting, moni-
toring, evaluation, and supervision;
repayment; and transparency and
accountability.
According to this Government
Regulation (PP), the competent bor-
rower is government via minister,whilst State Ministry/institution/lo-
cal government is forbidden to estab-
lish any bonds whatsoever that may
incur obligation for loan agreement.
Government can procure foreign
loan and/or grant from foreign
country, multilateral agency, foreign
monetary and non-monetary agency
and non-foreign monetary agency.
This loan may be as soft loan, export
credit, commercial loan, and mixedloan.
Loan proposal is prepared for the
period of five years based on priority.
State Ministry/institution is to submit
proposal of priority activities financed
by foreign loan and/or grant to Minis-
ter of National Planning and Develop-
ment. The proposal includes activities
with financing transmitted to local
government or as state's capital parti-
cipation to State Owned Company
(BUMN). Whereas local government
may submit proposal of investment toMinister of National Planning and
Development for obtaining foreign
loan transmission from the central
government. The same can be con-
ducted by State Owned Company.
Proposal submitted by State
Ministry/Institution and Local Go-
vernment should be enclosed with
Terms of Reference and feasibility
study document. Specially for local
government's proposal, it should beenclosed with approval of Local Hou-
se. All proposals will be evaluated by
Minister of National Planning and
Development pursuant to priority of
development sector eligible to foreign
loan.
Loan allocation is based on real
demand for foreign loan, repayment
capability, maximum limit of cumula-
tive loan, loan absorbability, and loan
risk. If the proposals are approved,there will be negotiation with lender
after preparedness criteria are ful-
filled.
Loan management includes
administration and accounting of fo-
reign loan and/or grant. Amount of
loan listed in the Foreign Loan
Agreement Document (NPPLN) will
be materialized into budget unit docu-
ment for being further materialized
into budget implementation docu-
ment. Foreign loan and/or grant with-
drawal should be listed in theNational Budget. State Ministry/insti-
tution should prioritize provision of
fund/other rupiah portion as required
in the NPPLN/NPHLN. The outstan-
ding loan will be included into the
budget document of the following
year.
Loan/grant transmission to local
government will be stipulated before
negotiation with the lender. It is
based on repayment capability, localfiscal capacity and consideration of
Minister of Home Affairs.
Activity report should be prepared
quarterly, consisting of goods/servi-
ces procurement, realization of loan
disbursement, and physical progress.
Monitoring is conducted by Minister,
Minister of National Planning and
Development, and Ministers available
under State Ministry/Institution.
They can accomplish retarded activityor low disbursement, including loan
cancellation.
For transparency and accountabi-
lity, Minister will establish informa-
tion publication concerning foreign
loan and/or grant consisting of policy,
amount and position, source, and type
of foreign loan and/or grant. (MJ)
REGULATIONS
Percik Juni 2006 14
Government Regulation No. 2 of 2006
Foreign Loan and/or GrantProcurement and
Transmission Procedure
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H ow do you see solid wasteissue in Indonesia?Waste issue is an inferiority com-
pared to other development sectors,
whereas this is the cleanliness issue.
Cleanliness is as equally important
investment as security. If our country is
safe and clean, investors will come.
Let's say security be number one, but
never let cleanliness in number 100.Otherwise, let's put it in number five,
nine or ten, it's OK. The fact, cleanliness
in our country is put in number 100
while security is in number 1. This
results in financing etc. In order to be
well organized, I always see the prob-
lem systematically. Let's view this
problem at least from five aspects,
namely legal, institutional, financial,
social culture and technology. Today,
most people only see from its techno-
logical aspect and this is not overcome
eventually it's only seen from one
aspect.
Can you explain this problem
from legal aspect?
Solid Waste law is just a draft thatequals or is higher than academic draft.
Now, State Minister for Environment
and Minister of Law are preparing
enactment. However, there is a good
news, that is, Parliament (DPR) is wait-
ing. Formerly, Parliament is said to
hamper the law and so on, but now
there is even a request from Parliament
Commission 7. Maybe in this case our
Representative goes one step forward.
Let's wait. If the draft has been enacted,
there will be government regulations
and other lower level regulations as our
legality.
If we compare to other countries
such as Japan, don't see their techno-logy only; the country has enforce Solid
Waste Law that involved 16 ministers
during enactment and directly chaired
by the prime minister. It is seen how
their government makes priority in the
waste issue. So, we cannot see the prob-
lem partially, Japan can do this, can do
that, etc. Their waste law has been
enacted for 20 years ago and this has
been followed by other specific laws.
There are laws on recycle, extendedproducer responsibility. We're just
starting because three years ago I met
with the former Parliament Com-
mission VIII asking State Minister for
Environment to issue Law concerning
Solid Waste. Until now, it is still in the
form of draft.
It takes long time to wait such
legislation; so how can we take
action in the present?
We have to make effective the exis-ting rules, from RT until national level.
Before the issuance of law, we use the
existing rules. But it is not entirely.
Many local regulations that have actu-
ally expired and the content are partial,
such as levy, retribution, penalty and
fine. In the RT and household level, re-
gulation should be applied. For example,
INTERVIEW
Percik June 2006 15
Executive Director ofDana Mitra Lingkungan
(Environmental Partner Fund), Ir. Sri Bebassari, MSc
Solid Waste Master Plan is A Must
Solid waste has been
a time bomb that can
explode and take life at
anytime. Such explosion
has just been initiated.
Landfill (TPA) Leuwigajahin Bandung, for example,
has taken tens of lives.
The same will possibly
happen in other cities
considering that condition
of the existing landfills is not much different.
On the other side, there is no distinct
solid waste policy in Indonesia. Each institu-
tion or local government has its own discre-
tion and they even overcome the issue with
their own style. It does not just make no
solution but also bear new
problem of waste. This prob-
lem is likely an entangled
thread that is difficult to loose.
Can this visible problem be
overcome?Percik
is givenopportunity to interview Ir. Sri
Bebassari, MSc, Executive
Director of Dana Mitra Ling-
kungan (Environmental Partner
Fund) which has been involving
in this field for more than 26 years. She was
even entitled "The Queen of Solid Waste" for
her dedication and expertise caring for such
dirty thing. Before being executive director,
she was researcher in the Technological
Studies and Implementation Board (BPPT).
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there should be duty division between
father, mother and children. Children
should not litter, and so on.
How do you see solid waste
issue from institutional aspect?
In the national level, such as in
Japan, they involved until 16 ministers;
we see some institutions involving in
the provincial, regency/city, sub-dis-
trict, village, and RT level. This involves
multidisciplinary and multisectoral
fields. So it is not only talking about
technology. Now, if we see the case in
Indonesia, the highest implementation
is only in the agency level. For example,
cleaning agency. Everything is on theaccount of this agency, whereas it is
only the executor. It should be designed
in the higher level, such as Bappeda,
deputy mayor or deputy governor in the
provincial level, etc. They are who can
accommodate the relevant agencies.
Cleaning agency cannot involve the
agency of the same level. When I
involved in Adipura assessment, cities
awarded with Adipura were conducting
cleaning activities coordinated by
mayor or deputy mayor and so were in
the RT level. What kind of institution to
be established and who is the person in
charge. This is institutional develop-
ment. In the context of emergency, we
possibly need a provisional institution.
If we learn from the successful KB
(Family Planning) scheme, it is coordi-
nated by a special agency called BKKBN
(National Family Planning Board).
And only in the year nine, BKKBN has
successfully created KB Mandiri (Self-Supported KB). We must also establish
such provisional agency in the solid
waste sector that can be dissolved at
anytime when the condition goes bet-
ter. Moreover, if we see landfills thro-
ughout Indonesia, all have entered
stage 5. This triggers a time bomb
because landfills available in Indonesia
are still substandard.
Ideally, how is the special
agency supposed to be?
More or less like BKKBN. It is the
place for professionals with strong
commitment. They don't think how to
get better title. And this agency will save
our environment because whoever our
president is, this agency remains opera-
tive. I think many people have such
good competency. Now we don't have
mechanism to accommodate such per-
sons.
What do you think about
financing?
We should adopt philosophy that
cleanliness is equally important invest-ment as security. So, there is still cost
center. This is a service industry, not a
profit center. Thus, be careful of waste
to product approach because I also
started from technology. We should be
careful of waste to product because in
the cleaning management, waste pro-
ducts such as paper recycling, compost,
etc. are only byproducts. The main
product is cleanliness. The industry is
service. For example, cleaning service
of a building is paid for its service. It
means to move waste from one point A
to point B. Moreover, it's better if there
is service industry that can reduce and
manage the waste, it should be paid for
service rendered. Whether they make
byproducts such as compost, it is their
bonus. And they will be strong in such a
business if they are able to compete. If
we regard byproducts as the main pro-
ducts, we will be entrapped into factory
and calculation of production cost.
Finally, compost will lose competition
by other fertilizers.
A business that reduces and mana-
ges waste should receive incentive
because it can reduce landfill and trans-
portation costs. So, there are three
incomes the company can get, namely
cleanliness, incentives and byproducts.
This is not realized by those acting asdecision makers or undertaking this
business. There are so many ineffective
MoUs established with private compa-
nies because they are factory-oriented.
However, I also realize that there are
some people who do not receive incen-
tive but they can survive from selling
scraps. But selling scraps is different
from cleanliness. Whether or not there
is cleanliness, they remain selling
scraps. They are actually well advanced
if associated with cleaning service. This
is a development of extended producer
responsibility whereas producer ma-
king household waste should involve in
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the management of their waste. For
example, in case of snack waste, bat-
tery, etc., the producer should coope-
rate with those who manage and collect
the waste. This cooperation is unavail-
able now. It is likely that producer doesnot care of their waste. They have to
establish cooperation based on win-win
solution because the main source of
waste is from producer, including agro
industry.
What do you think of govern-
ment budget?
We should also be wise in establish-
ing budget, how much should be the
National Budget, Local Budget, and
family budget for cleaning sector.Urban planning in Indonesia is mostly
material-oriented. If we take example
of a house, our fund is allocated more to
living room or veranda than closet or
dustbin. This should be evaluated. It is
possible that budget for closet is more
expensive than that for living room.
Therefore, budget for urban landfill
may be more expensive than that for
airport. Today, airports and malls have
gone internationally, but the existinglandfills are still primitive. This is a
struggle how to put them in balance.
So, financing is not as simple as people
talking about. This should start from
calculation of national budget. If we
compare to experiences of several coun-
tries, their operating cost range Rp.
300-500 thousand per ton, starting
from collection, transport, treatment,
and disposal, while investment cost
ranges Rp. 100 million-Rp. 1 billion/-
ton/day. Thus, we can calculate howmuch rupiah is expended per house per
month. With sanitary landfill, without
deduction, the cost will be Rp. 50-100
thousand per month. We should not
think first about low or high cost, but
how much people can pay and how
much percent should be taken from
subsidy. The subsidy should be gradu-
ally reduced such as fuel oil subsidy.
With improved people awareness, the
service will be better, and people will be
ready to pay. The fact shows that the
high income level pays Rp. 50-60 thou-
sand/family, but most our people onlypay Rp. 5,000.-. Thus, it's not only tal-
king about technology, but also how
much the cost, how much we can pay
and how long, for example, collection,
transportation, etc., all take cost. Such
calculation has actually been made, but
we don't care of those competent with
this. For example, we don't buy pre-
scription nor listen to physician until
we get stage 5 disease. If our city is
clean and safe, investors will come, wel-
fare will improve and economy will bebetter. If someone says that waste com-
modity is gold, it's right but only part of
entirety. All I concern with is that there
are some persons who know only little
about waste but acting as if they know
all so that they make statement that the
only solution is by using this or that
technology, etc. So, there should be no
partial statement. One who knows tech-
nology will say it must be technology.
One who knows empowerment will sayit must be community participation. In
fact, they're all important and should be
initiated by the government.
What do you think about social
culture?
This is also important. People
should be aware that all of us are waste
producers. Everyone makes waste.
There is averagely half kilogram per
person per day. Therefore, waste pro-
duced in DKI Jakarta may be 6,000 tonper day. People must be involved du-
ring early planning. Planning, socializa-
tion, extension, education about waste
should be designed by the experts such
as communication experts, sociologists,
pedagogist, Islamic scholars and son
on. They have to be involved, not only
engineering design. If we learn from
TPS Bojong and development of other
landfills that are under conflict, this is
because community participation is not
professional because not designed by
the competent experts. The only avail-
able one is technology and investment.It should be calculated that landfill con-
struction needs Rp. 100 million, and
human development should be 10-30
percent. This is much more difficult and
longer than constructing the machine.
Different city means different behavior
and time. Its design variable is more
and complex. Talking about machine
means talking about quantitative and
this is easier. Thus, I repeatedly warn
that each planning should not forget the
(human) factor, at least 10 percent. Ifwe do not appropriately design this
from early, we will have social cost of
more than 30%.
This social design should also be
combined between bottom up and
social engineering that is designed top
down. Community participation can be
engineered with good system. For
example, if we see Singapore, which
enforces strong legal system, we will be
afraid of disposing of waste inappro-priately. We will comply with. We will
be engineered by Singapore waste man-
agement system. In Indonesia, we see
some places implementing the same.
For example in Ancol recreational
place, cleaning system is tight. Dustbin
is clean, equipped with cleaning per-
sonnel. Quantity and distance of landfill
is about to meet standard.
We are afraid of disposing of waste
inappropriately. So, we have to be disci-
pline. The system influences us. Thequestion is: does it take much cost to
get there? Yes, it certainly takes cost but
it remains applicable. Actually our peo-
ple are ready to pay. Indonesians are
capable as well.
We want our people separate bet-
ween dry and wet waste. It runs if the
system is prepared, for example, waste
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cart and truck is separated. We cannot
do anything without that. So, the sys-
tem can design community participa-
tion.
What do you think of techno-
logy?
We have to agree that any techno-
logy has advantage and disadvantage so
that they should be integrated. No tech-
nology can ever solve a waste problem
itself. It must be designed as per localdemand. Metropolitan and small city
are different each other. We should be
careful of technology offered by
'investors'. Sometimes they come as
traders and consider their product the
best. Therefore, we have to design our
own master plan for our home. Like
constructing a house, we have to design
our house by ourselves, maybe upon
assistance of an architect. Afterward,
we calculate how the extent is and what
it needs and how much does it cost, and
then we seek investor. Don't do con-
trary, in which concept is offered by
investor or trader. Thus, all cities in
Indonesia should have waste manage-
ment master plan. Never hesitate to
expend money for this master plan. If
we follow this carefully, everything can
be done.
The important thing in technolo-
gical design is that we should know
when mid term, long term and emer-
gency will be. In case of emergency, like
ill person, it has been treated in the
ICU. We have to buy a technology,
whatever it takes cost. We're not talking
about low or high cost; we're talking
about how to solve the problem.
Afterward, we'll be talking about regu-
lar technology. For example, how to
reduce waste in the landfill, or at homeand preferably, reduce waste in pro-
ducer. This takes time. Never say that
the important thing is to reduce waste
at home, or manage waste in the landfill.
All is important. But if we talk about
emergency, we need a technology,
whatever costly it is. In DKI Jakarta for
example, we must buy technology for the
big capacity, which may cost trillions. We
don't possibly have to buy this tech-
nology for the following 5 years; we just
use the regular one. For mid term, we
can reduce waste in the landfill, maybe
until 50%. For long term, we can reduce
waste at our homes. For the extra long
term, we can reduce waste in the pro-
ducer. It is possible that banana farmers,
for example, will not send banana with
peel to Jakarta; they do it in the form of
banana chips. It's talking about system.
With such a complicated waste
issue as available currently, is
there any priority, for example in
national or local level, or which
region should be prioritized?
We have to agree that we're in wasteemergency. So, we should take action
based on such situation. We have to
make costly design. We should inte-
grate the five aspects. When necessary,
we should establish a special emer-
gency entity from now on. For example,
when banking issues prevailed, the go-
vernment established BPPN (National
Banking Restructuring Agency). There
should be Presidential Decree as neces-
sary. From legal aspect, we should
make local regulation because the
national one will take long process.
We'd buy reliable technology. But the
fastest technology takes 3 years to be
ready. For example, incinerator. There
should be sanitary landfill with ope-
rating cost being Rp. 100 thousand per
ton. Finally waste emergency cost
incurs in trillions but transparent.
People will only do a little with reduc-
tion waste at home. Or otherwise, they
have to pay Rp 100 thousand. This isemergency, isn't it?
Why has government not put
this as priority?
Because this technology is still rare.
How to make government
care of?
Thank God that parliament as poli-
tical institution has cared of this. It now
lies on government decision to make it
fast or slow. Even parliament makes
statement that if until 2005 this Draft
has not been accomplished. They would
extend their initiative right. Thus, we
can sound in the national level that this
is important. As this happens, governor
and mayor will pay attention. However,
they still think about low or high cost.
They only want the cheap one, while
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any closet is in fact more expensive than
the living room because it requires
technology. People are still difficult to
accept this fact; it is likely that an air-
port should be more expensive than alandfill. Changing this perspective is
not easy. Singapore needs 30 years to
implement waste law enforcement
only, not a culture yet. So it's not as sim-
ple as we think.
Why does landfill in Indonesia
not meet standard?
During landfill design 10-20 years
ago, this was a government project
under control of Ministry of Public
Work. They initially proposed a sani-
tary landfill. Unfortunately, this was
not associated with knowledge of sa-
nitary landfill cost. Maybe the design
was not complete because a sanitary
landfill costs about trillions rupiah
with operating cost of Rp. 100 thou-
sand per ton. Or otherwise, never call
it a sanitary landfill. This is prerequi-
site. After years of occurrence and
bringing impacts, people are just
about to be surprised.
How does regional autonomy
affect waste management?
Regional autonomy is very influen-
tial. Ideally, each city has its own land-
fill. But one day, it would be efficient to
have collective landfill as government is
making review that for waste manage-
ment corporation in the Jabotabek
areas, we possibly need large-scale cor-
poration to manage collective landfill.
In fact, a city may be difficult to find out
land, while the available land belongs to
another local government. Here, coope-
ration and coordination are necessary.
There should also be sense of together-
ness. For example, Jakarta disposes of
waste in Bekasi, and Bekasi people wor-
king in Jakarta also dispose of waste in
Jakarta.
You have mentioned that there
should be producer awareness of
waste reduction. Can you explain
this?
Internationally, some big corpora-
tions have involved in extended pro-
ducer responsibility, namely they
should hold fully responsible for waste
they dispose of, either internal waste
called good housekeeping or external
one. We have no legality yet but some
corporations have started implementa-
tion.
What can people do against
this waste emergency?People should inevitably reduce
their waste and, if necessary, establish
home waste management. There is a
simple technology that can be socia-
lized. For example, composting. People
should also accept the fact that they
must pay for technology offered by the
government. Anyhow, it would be more
expensive than managing waste indi-
vidually.
How can awareness education
provided for the people, what
kind of education would it be?
Education should be provided in
any way and trial. There should be an
example such as available in Rawasari
of Central Jakarta, where the landfill is
clean and odorless. This is the same
with closet in the room. People are to
trust if they are given example.
Education is thus not by speech. There
should be design. Just provide, for
example, one proper landfill, one pro-
per dustbin, and one proper transporta-tion truck. Thereby, if we establish a
landfill, people will trust. Of course it
needs time because there should be cul-
tural change.
How to change material-ori-
ented?
It's our collective mistakes. We're
always material-oriented and instanta-
neous, while cleanliness, health and
education are abstract and continuous.
That's a matter of anthropology until
social culture. For example, wee see
other people from his/her good house
or property other than good faith. If
there is a forward-looking local govern-
ment, establish functional entity. Who-
ever serve as local government, this
entity will perpetuate the system. We
match this system and bureaucracy
because the decision makers are usual-
ly politicians; they're restricted by func-
tional term, while the system is not. Wecan see the result.
Is there any other country that
encounters the same problem as In-
donesia does and makes solution?
Yes, it is Philippines. Two or three
years ago this country also encountered
solid waste problem. Hundreds of peo-
ple died for waste collapse. But present-
ly, they have laws and implement mass
action on solid waste. Government of
Malaysia does not decentralize the
solid waste problem anymore. Landfill
in Malaysia is built by the central go-
vernment. The local government is only
deemed small proportion of responsibi-
lity. It is like parent and children, one day
there will be a problem that should be
solved by the parent. China has rapidly
anticipated this problem. mujiyanto
INTERVIEW
Percik June 2006 19
Ideally, each city has its own