bangalore master plan by atelier

BANGALORE, India

International Urban Planning Workshop 2012 - Les Ateliers The Great Landscape, a major part inside the metropolis

July 2011

Image : “Deccan Traverses” - Anuradha Mathur + Dilip da Cunha

International Urban Planning Workshop 2012 - les Ateliers 2

BANGALORE - METROPOLE’S ID

India

Pakistan

China

Nepal Bhutan

BangladeshMyanmarBurma

Bay of Bengal

Arabian Sea

Sri Lanka Indian Ocean

Delhi

Mumbai

Kolkata

Chennai

Hyderabad

BangaloreHosur

Bangalore Urban

BANGALORE

Bangalore Rural

Mysore

Mangalore

Kannur

Kerala

Tamil Nadu

Andhra Pradesh

Goa

Karnataka

Tumkurto Chennai

Hyderabad

Hubli

Belgaum

Bangalore - at the national scale

Bangalore - Metropolitan region area (urban + rural) 8 000 km²

Bangalore - at the regional scale

Bangalore - Urban Metropolitan Area1 300 km²BBMP = Greater Bangalore Municipal Body

Location & administrative relevance

BBMP perimeter



Relief map

Bangalore is situated in the southeast of Karnataka, at an aver-age elevation of 920m above mean sea level on the Deccan Plateau which is framed by the Vinshyas, the Sapturas, the Eastern and Western Ghats.

The whole Plateau slowly falls to the East into the direction of the Bay of Bengal. Due to this shape the main rivers flow into the East direction.

The Western Ghats block out the moisture of the south-west monsoon from reaching the Deccan Plateau which lets the riv-ers dry up in the hot summer months.

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Ulsoor Lake

Belandur Lake

Golf course

International airport

“Bangalore is the only city (with Mexico) among the 40 largest cities in the world not to be structured by a river or a sea coast.”

Valleys Lakes

Biophysical network

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Metropolitan expansion since the XIXth century’s second half

1870 : 100 000hab, 24km²

1995 : 4 090 000hab, 280 km²

1948 : 779 000hab, 70 km²

2004 : 6 170 000hab, 532 km²

1970 : 1 650 000hab, 161 km²

2004 : non-authorized development (=130 km²) Consumed 33km² of the green belt

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Land use

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Urban development - current dynamics

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Population (2010) : 8.474 million inhabitants - census of india

Average Population density (2010) : BBMP area - 4 378 persons/ sq km , (191 persons/ ha)

-Due to the unpreceedented rapid growth caused by the boom of the Informa-tion Technology sector, Bangalore has a strained levels of economic disparity. This is clearly reflected in the pixellated pat-terns of population density.

-Certain areas have densities as high as 600 persons / ha ; whereas others func-tion at densities around 200 persons/ha.

Urban population : evolutions by 2020

The growth rate of urban population has been steadily decreasing,

-since 2000, approx. 4%

Projections 2015 (UN) :Bangalore : +2,74%Ahmedabad : 2,67%Mumbai : 3,15%Delhi : 3,26%Pune : 3,43%Surat : 5%

Urban population : Social inequalities

-per capita income of Rs. 74,709 ($US 1,659) in 2007,

-third largest hub for high net worth individuals

-home to over 10,000 dollar millionaires, and about 60,000 super-rich people (4.5 crores or +) (PWC)

-800 and 1,000 slums,

-25% of the population (slums)

-if the non-slum poor were included, more than 40 percent of the city’s population would be defined as “poor”(Benjamin Salomon)

Urban development and population



Total Residential Area 1990 : 99 km² 43.1% public housing; 23.5% informal hosuing; 17.7% slums; 7.3% traditional housing; 8.4% villages/ cooperative housing/ housing by private builders

2003 : 143 km² 22.8% public housing; 55.9% informal housing; 12.8% villages/ cooperative housing; 5% housing by private builders

Due to the rising disparity between the economic sections housing concerns for the economically weaker sections (EWS) are rising in prominence. The lack of affordable housing currently invigorates conditions of informal, under-equipped houses.

Lack of affordable housing : 400 000 units

source: Revised Masterplan Document 2015, Bangalore, Vol 1

Housing



Current statistcs

Permanent Houses : 92% of households urban karnataka - 77%Joint family statistics : 1 has been decreasing since 1971

Least perentage of population living in slums whem compared to Chennai, Ahmedabad or Hyderabad

Electrical connections : 95% of households

Issuessmall houses ; overcrowding in households in 2001, 1 room / housing : 37% of households 2 room / house : 64.5% - LIG ; 53% - MIG 3.5 rooms / house (average) : HIG

Occupancy status in 1991, tenants : 50% household owners : 46%

Insufficient level of amenities in 2001, water connection : 53%

Location of poor settlementssource: Revised Masterplan Document 2015, Bangalore, Vol 1

Lack of affordable housingsource: Revised Masterplan Document 2015, Bangalore, Vol 1

Poor settlements



Air traffic – Bangalore international airport Host to 10 domestic airlines and 21 international airlines

2010 : No. Of passengers - 9.3 million (domestic) + 2.2 million (international) / year air traffic movements (ATM) of about 280 per day

2015 : 17 million passengers/ year

Freight traffic : 350,000 metric tons of cargo

RailwayThe existing rail system serves only for intercity transport.

The rail coverage in karnataka lags neighbouring Tamil Nadu by a factor of 2 : Karnataka - 16km /1000sq.km ; Tamil nadu – 30km/ 1000sq.km

2010 : ------ km of railway in bangalore

2020 : + 25,000 km of railway lines in the next 10 years

Bus - Bangalore Mahanagara Transport Corporation (BMTC)41% of city population uses buses as their only mode of transport

Importance of public transport (bus + rickshaw) – provides transport for 5 of 10 households

2010 : No of buses - 3300 3.15 million passengers/ day ; 55000 trips/ day ; 3800 schedules

2015 : --------

Transport

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Proposed Projects

Air strips : 12Road network : +10,000kmHigh speed rail link btw international airport and city center

Out of the 692.5 km of mass rapid transport system

137km – metro rail 52 km – mono rail 33km – high speed rail network 291 km – busrapid transport sys 65km – commuter rail sys

Current imbalance

No of trips : public – 41% ; private – 35%

No of vehicles : public - 2% ; private - 87%

Private vehicles– roadways: 4wheelers/ 3 wheelers/ 2 wheelers

88% of total vehicles are personal vehicles ; Most no. of vehicles/ person in india– 32 vehicles / 100 people

1987 : No. of registered vehicles - 400,000 The average number of vehicles / household - 0.3

2005 : No. of registered vehicles - 2.3 million 1.58million vehicles account for 2 wheelers ; 300,000 vehicles are cars The average number of vehicles / household - 1.7

Percentage of population / type of private vehicle :4 wheelers : 5% 2 wheelers : 30.4% Bicycle : 1.7%Pedestrian : 16%

Overall mobility plan : existing + proposed



Perenial river : Arkavathy River - 30 km West of Bangalore city.

Main valleys :Vrishabhavathi Valley (SW) , Tributary of the Arkavathi Hebbal Valley (N)Bellandur Valley (SE)

These valleys function as a dynamic hydraulic system conneting a vast number of lakes and tanks. It was this system that since history has shaped growth and development in Bangalore. As Bangalore is one of the only cities in the world without a river, this network of water bodies are of paramount importance in terms of water storage for agriculture, ground water recharge.


Environment

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Photos of Bangalore

Construction of the Metro on MG Road - View from Barton center

Ulsoor Lake and military field (center of Bangalore) - View from Unity building



Photos of Bangalore

UB City - View from Barton center Brigade Road

MG Road Vidhana Soudha - Parliement

Chikpet - Old Bangalore Majestic - Bus Station



Photos of Bangalore

Flyover - Peenya area (NH4 to Tumkur) Flyover near City Market

Residency Road Cricket Stadium - view from the Barton Center

Near Cubbon Park In Front of the parliement



Image from a government brochure shows a futuristic Bangalore whose mimetic ideal, the Singapore model, is depicted in images of the proposed airport: illuminated pas-senger lounges, high roofs, coffee shops with uniformed attendants, glittering outlets interspaced by palm trees (1996)

Source : B. Salomon - Occupancy Urbanism : Ten Theses

Documents

bangalore master plan by atelier