I. BANDAGING

INTRODUCTION

The proper application of bandage can aid materially in the recovery of a patient.

A carelessly or improperly applied bandage can cause discomfort to the patient, and may expose the wound to danger or infection or may put the life of the patient in danger.

USES OF BANDAGE:To hold a dressing in place over a woundTo create pressure over a bleeding wound for

control of hemorrhageTo secure a splint to an injured part of the

bodyTo provide support to an injured part

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF BANDAGING

1.Never apply directly over a woundOnly to hold dressing in place which covers

the wound

2. Apply firmly and fastened securely

> If applied tightly it could stop blood circulation, if loosely, it could slip the dressing out of place

MATERIALS:Gauze-light, soft andporous, can be easily adjustedand appliedMuslin – most commonly

used ; is strong, inexpensive and can be readily obtained, can be easily torn into strips of thedesired width, excellent use for practice

Crinoline – used for making plaster of ParisRubberElastic webbing-used to support a body part

Triangular Bandage Used for the temporary or permanent

bandaging of wounds For the immobilization of fractures and

dislocations As a sling for the support of an injured part

of the body They can be made by simply cutting it

diagonally the 60 inch square of a piece of cloth, thereby, making two triangular bandages

>The longer side of the triangular bandage is called the base with both corners called ends and the corner opposite to the base is called apex.

How to make a cravat:Procedure:

Following the illustration through steps put the apex of the triangular bandage to the middle of the base and continue folding until two (2) inches width is obtained as illustrated.

TYPES OF BANDAGES

1.A. CRAVAT OF HEAD OR EARTo control hemorrhage from wounds of

scalp or to hold dressings on wounds of ear or lower ear

PROCEDURE:STEP – 1

> Cover the wound with a

dressing and place the middle

of the bandage over the

wound as illustrated

STEP – 2

Cross both ends of the

bandage and gently pull

and wrap them in opposite

directions around the head

as illustratedSTEP – 3

As illustrated below, tie both

ends in square knot, making

sure that it is fully tight. 

REVIEW:

1.Place middle of cravat over dressing

2.Pass each end completely over head

3.Tie in square knot

B. Triangle of forehead or scalp/head topside

Use to hold dressings on the forehead or scalp

PROCEDURE:STEP – 1

In applying open phase

bandage for the head,

make a hem by folding

about 2 inches from the base

STEP – 2

> With the hem positioned

on the outside, put the

middle portion of the

bandage’s base on the

forehead just half a finger

above the eyebrows,

at the same time allowing

the apex to fall over the head and down over at the back of the head.

STEP – 3

> Put the ends of the

triangular bandage

at the back of the head

of about half of an inch

above the ears, crossing

them over the apex and

bring it back towards the

forehead and tie it in square knot.

STEP – 4

> Firmly hold the compress

portion by a hand with the

other hand gently pulling

down gently the apex

making the compress snug;

then bring the apex up and

tuck it in over and in the bandage

where it should cross at the back

of the head.

2. Triangle of chest or backApplied when there is wound on either

right or left chest of the victimPROCEDURE:STEP – 1

Position the triangular

bandage on the top of

the dressing of the chest

with the apex just below

the armpit.

STEP – 2

> Gently pull the apex and

the other end of the bandage

passing around the armpit

towards the back of the

victim and tie it in square

knot, be sure to leave extra

length for extra tying.

STEP – 3

> Extend the other end

of the bandage at the

top of the shoulder by

tying additional

handkerchief to it in cravat

using square knot.

STEP – 4

> Tie the handkerchief

to the extra remaining

end of either apex or

end corner in square knot.

3. TRIANGULAR ARM SLINGApplied when there is fracture on either left or

right forearm of the victim)PROCEDURE:STEP – 1

> Put the apex of the

triangular bandage

below the armpit with

one of the two (2) ends

at the top of the shoulder.

STEP – 2> Bring the lower ends

of the triangular bandage

(positioned below) over

the arm at the top of the

shoulder around the back

of the neck over

STEP – 3 Tie both ends using the

square knot and twists the

apex and tuck the corner of

the sling at the elbow.

4. UNDER ARMSLINGApplied when there is dislocation on either

left or right elbow of the victim

PROCEDURE:STEP – 1Same with step – 1 of

the arm sling, place the

apex corner of the triangular

bandage below the armpit

with one of the two (2)

ends at the top of the shoulder.

STEP – 2Bring the lower end

of the triangular bandage

over the arm passing

through under the armpit

towards the back of the

neck.

STEP – 3.

> Tie both ends at the bandage using the square knot.

5. Triangle of ELBOWUse to hold dressings around the elbowApplied when there is sprain on either right or

left elbow of the victim

PROCEDURE:STEP – 1 To apply cravat bandage to

the elbow, bend the arm to

approximately 90 degrees

and at the elbow and place the mid-portion

of the cravat bandage at the elbow bringing

and holding the ends of the bandage upwards

as illustrated.

STEP – 2As illustrated, cross both

bandage ends and gently rolled extending both ends downward.

STEP – 3Roll both ends gently

around the arm and pull

both ends opposite the elbow

and tie it in square knot.

6. Triangle of HandApplied when there is burned on the handPROCEDURE:STEP – 1Place the wounded hand

in the middle portion of the triangular

bandage; be sure that the wrist is

aligned at the base of the bandage.

Also, be sure that the finger are

separated from each other by inserting

absorbent materials in between fingers,

the process will prevent the fingers from chaffing and skin

irritation.

STEP – 2

> Cover the fingers by placing

the apex on top of the hand

and tuck the excess parts

of the bandage underneath

the fingers and form pleats

on every side of both ends

as illustrated.

STEP – 3

> Bring one of the ends on

the top of the hand and take

it around the wrist.STEP – 4The same as

step – 3 bring the other

end on the top of the

hand around the wrist.

STEP – 5Tie both ends using the

square knot and hide ends

by inserting it to the bandage.

7. CRAVAT OF KNEEUsed to hold dressings around the kneeApplied when there is wound in either right or

left knee of the victim

PROCEDURE:STEP – 1To apply cravat bandage to

the knee as illustrated below used the same steps and technique applied in bandaging the elbow. Bend the leg to approximately 90 degrees at the knee and place the middle of the cravat bandage at the upper portion of the knee bringing and holding both ends of the bandage downward.

STEP – 2Cross both bandage

ends and gently rolled

extending both ends

downwards.

STEP – 3After rolling the bandage,

at the same time pull both

ends, tie both ends tightly

opposite the knee

in square knot, and tuck

in the remaining ends.

SPLINTINGA splint is a device used for holding a part of

the body stable to decrease pain and prevent further injury.

The purpose of a splint is to hold still and protect a wounded body part from further damage until you get medical help. It is important to check for good circulation after the injured body part has been immobilized.

REMEMBER:DO NOT make any attempts to change the

position of, or realign, an injured body part. Be careful when placing a splint to avoid

causing more injuries. Be sure to pad the splint well to avoid putting

extra pressure on the injured limb.If the injury is more painful after placing the

splint, remove the splint and seek medical assistance immediately