~AL L iS7 N NINEEING DATA

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19.50tj

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BEST

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i'--~' ___________________

-A .- -. .C-*'

A ~~ L. L I S EERHLBRTRE

ABERDEEN~~~ PRVN RUD O

THIS DOCUMENT IS BESTQUALITY AVAILABLE. THE COPY

FURNISHED TO DTIC CONTAINED

A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF

PAGES WHICH DO NOT

REPRODUCE LEGIBLY.

B.ULISTIC RBSEARCH LAORA7O0tGES EM~BOOK OF M2IGfII-TMR.IG DATA

Preface

For a niuber of years,. the Ballistic Research Laboratoriesof Aberdeen Proving Ground have been making measurements of thecharacteristics of projectiles, propelling charges, etc. Whilethese data are available i various Ballistio Research Labora-tories reports, there is no sigle doctment 'w0hich contains a con-cise tabulation of all the available information concerning therespective articles which have begen subject to moasurement. Itvans pointed out by Colonel E. H. Zornirg that the utility of theinformation Ymould be considerably enhanced if all acquired data.were collected in a single docum~ent, Following Colonel Zornigt ssuggestion, the preparation of a handbook of such engineeringdata as are available at the Ballistic Research Laboratories hasbeen initiated*

"be first rnmibers written by Mir. H. F. lHitdbh e deal 'withprojectiles. Later additional series pertaining to propellingcharges, guns, etc., will be proeaed.

T1he number of an item in the handbook consists of threeparts. The first part indicates the caliber, e.g., 6 in. -)r5l5mm; the skeond indica~tes whether the item is a projectile,a propelling Ahurge, or a guni; I denoting a projectile, 2, apropelling charge, and 3, a gurn. The third part indicates themodfel (Arabic) or mark number (Roman numerals). Thus l55-l'-IIIrefers to the 155m projectile MK III *xile 3-1-42 relers to the

V shel U42.Accusiorn For

NTIS CRA&MDrIC TAP, 1

Uimfmw .-

Av1dty _______t

MNINUNCED

TABLE OF CWNTENTn

VOLUME I - 20-1-95 TO 75-1-310 ThCL.

BRLH No. Paragraph Nos.

Shot, AP, 20-mm, M95 ................... 20-1 -S5 ........ !- 8

Shell, Incendiary, 20-mm, M98 ............. 20-1-96 ........ .- 7

Shell, HEI, 20-mm, M97 ................ 20-1-97 ........ 1-10

Shot, APC, 37-mm, M51 .................. 37-1-51 ........ 1-6

Shell, HE, 37-mm, M54 .................. 37-1-54 ........ 1-11

Shot, APC, 37-am, M59 .................. Y -I-59 ........ 1- 0

Shot, AP, 37-mm, M0.................... 37-1-80 ........ 1- 9

Shell, HE, 40-mm, Mark 2................ 40-1- 2 ...... 1-

Shot, AP, 40-mm, M81 or M81A............ 40-1-81 ......... 1- 8

Shell, HE. 57-mm, M306 .................. 57-1-306 ....... 1- 9

Shell, HEAT, 5'I-mm, M307 ................ 57-1-307 ......... I- 8

Shell, HE, e0-mw,.M49A2 .................. 80-1-49 ......... 1- 8

Shell, illuminating, 60-mm, M3Al ......... 60-1-83 ...... 1- 7

Shell, Smoke (WI), 60-mm, M302 .......... .0-1-302 ........ 1- 7

Shell, HE, 75,rm, M4lA1 .................. '75-141 ......... 1- 8

Shell, HE, 75-mm, M48 and M48E2 ......... 75-1-48 ........ .1-14

Projectile, APC, 75-mm, M61AI ............ 75-1-61......... .1- 8

Shell, HEAT, 75-mm, M66 ............... .75-1-46 ......... 1- 9

Shell, HE, 75-mm, )309 .................. 75-1-309 ......... 1- 8

Shell, HEAT, 75-mm, M310 ................ 75-1-310 ......... 1- 8

I!

I2

?4

r BR~I 20-1.95

Ballisti(c Research Laboratories Ballistic Research jl~ab.LHandbook of Ballstic and Aberdeen PrTavir.a G1rc-wrd,

Engineering Data for Ammuition, Mary'land.k No. 20-1.-95 DAA15 February 1949

/ forShe , AP, 20-mm, M95

With

1w Tracer

Section Pararaphs

I General---------------------- 1

HI Descripticr ----------------- 2- 4iII Interior ballistic data ------------ 5

IV Exterior ballistic data --------- - -?

V Effect data-------------------- 8

BEC77ON 1GENERAL

Paaraph

Purpose- -- -- -- - - -- - - --- - - -- - -- -- - - ------ -

1. -Purpose. The purpose of this number of the Wandacok is to furnish a canziclse col1-cticr. eA :nfor-

znation regarding the shape, dynimics, ballistics and effects of tt2 20-~ ,,~ r ~~ Sho! '-1 5, whtch

ccoita~ras a tracer compositio. Some diata are also given for the e5.pv ,. in'l A- =cr-plercIzvSh-1-T9E4

with Tracer, which Is sl.ghtly different from the MV5 (TgE5). This Wnortnatix is cou~etud frcn the dra--

ings, reports, and technical manuals pertalniog to this ammniton.

BPUJR 20.1.95 BALUMtTdC AND ENG IWEMNG DATAa

ALL DMENSIONS IN CALIBERS

_- 4.14

-2DB - ZS----H--

-- .1", .43 FL j 2 - F.67

SHOT, AP, 20-MM, M95

._ 2.29

- 1.+x 2 ;~4 11,

& 2T, 4?, 20-M 2 TSE4

FOR SHOT. AP. ?CO.M? , 5 L 20.i952.4

SECTION 17

DESCPIPTION

Draw s . . .. 2

Dimensions -- -Physical characteristics - . . . . . . 4

2. Drawings.

Shct, AP, M95: ,n,1l parts assembly 75-2-333Metal parts details 75-2-341

Shot, AP, T9E4: Assembly and details TAM 130

3. Dimeaslons. All dlmensicns beiow are in calibers.

A" Shot: 1495 T9E4B and: Diztance from base 0.50 0.53

Widt-h 0,2 5 0.25Bcdy: Length of cylndrial part 1.75 1.93

Lers.n of ogival • art 1.06 1,08ru-.zde length c ogival part 0.30 0.24

RaS ius of ogival arc 1.43 1.45Tctal length 3.08 3.01

Windihield assembly: Length of windshield 2.39 1.7Outzide length of adapter 0.20Length of assembly 1.99Length of ogivalp art -7 1.85Radius of arc 2.29 2.29

Shot: Total k'ength 4.14 4,!1Bearing length -. 8 1.93Effective ogival height 2.0t 2.23

4. Physical characteristics. The stan lard weisht -f Lre AP Sno N.M95 with tracer 1i 2S0C3 gral-s.

Tne measured physicaL characterlstics of the M'-95 Shot without tracer and the T9E4 Sho with tracer areas follos

kP Shct M95 TgE4

w/o tr with tr

We!git lb We? 2=XBase to center of gravity cal0 1.488 1.474Axial mcment of inertia Er.in2 148.8 154.5Transverse moment of inertia gr.ir 958 957

F3.H 0195 BMUJST1C AND ENCWNEM~JN( DATA3.6

I SECTION INIWlTERMOR BALLTIC DATA

Theoretical yaw in bore------------ - --- - --- -- -- -- -- -- - ----

5. Theoretca1 yaw in bor. For the- AP Shot M95:

MWnbium 18 mr,Maximum 22 muin

SECTION IV

MTMR BALLISTC DATA

Paragraph

Aerodynamic data----------------- - - --- - --- -- -- -- -- -- -----Firing table data-----------------: - - --- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -----

-3. Aerodynamic da.

a. Draig. T'.e drag coefficient plotted ov page 5 was determined from resistance firings of the AP

Shot TOE-4 witha Tracer at Mach numbers from 0.75 to 2.75. The data li1sted below 'were determined frvom

time -of-fldght firing-, of the AP Shot MA95 with and withou±t Tracer.

YShot MIU5 With tr W/ o tr

Velocity (fps) 3000 3000Form !actor (Projectile TypeS J 1; 1.12 1A5

Ballistic coefficient (Rrojectile TIYpe 5) C5 .413 .401

Drag coefficient K .149 .153

b. Stability. &. letter from the director of the Ballistic Research Laborat-rles to the -hie.; of

O.rdn.rncsv (APG 472.5/31"7-1821) gives data om the stablity of the A'P Shot 1495 without -Tracer. RL7 Re

-rt No. 1A5, "Aerodynamics of 20-n-m Projectiles", gives data cn the stability of the AP Stot Tar-A wit.1

Tracer.

AP Shot M95 Wo tr T9E4 with tr

Velocity (fps" 2700 1 7501Moment coefficient XC i.68 1.47

Tlwistt Of riflibngl 11 V/25.586 U,625.586,,ability factor s 2.2-98 2.78

FOP SHOT. AP. 20-MM. 95 BR.U-! 204-956

LiDRAG COEFFICIENT VS MACH NUMBER 4- "+-

SHOT, APi O-ti, TAE4 -

-,,., . ..

-- K-+--.----

D' 0.1564 + 0.0670 SIN 0S -- i-I

0.0403 + iOX4 A0+8821~

id 41 X z0.0005V-0.555

, _ It i20.27M (FPS)

j -L.:f--t-It-.t1- ii.f.'t* -t. I - -_-- -I-

-4 * *L---- r- ---- -t±-• t ~ ~ - -- .. . - -=i

i-L.4 , 4L4 ,, ."4 j + - * ---- l-

1""r---t---r- _ z-t+ . + .. I -

7 -I

rG .

it

Ii t i + i 7 7 A+= - i ,-

.04--' I 1

- 1 2 L -6 tO 29

5

,-t- ',,+ ',--r- ,.,- 'r- +.'' 0

IPJ - a SO l A LU .M C A ,"N O E S N., r P N G D A T A

7. Fhiag tzb!$ dLta. No fring tables have been prepared for the AP Shot M95. FT 20AC-J-i,

T 20AC-K-1, FT 20AC-L-i and T 20AC-M-i for 20-rmm Automatic Gins M2 and .3 firing HE Shell

T23 and HEI Sheii W~7 give data that are approximately correct for the AP Shot M95 (See L.. '"-1-97"/.

OCM items 28550 and MUM recommended and approved standarM'ation of the AP Shot M9 . its stardard

instrimental velocity is 2780 ff . at 90 feet from the M2 Gun.

EFFECT DATA

Paragraph M

Peneliatlion - ...............-. ............---- --------------- 8

S. Peab atio. The follcwing graphs, showing the penetration of armor plate by the 20-mm AP Shot

M95, were taken from Volume III of Aerminal Ballistic Datae.

PFOR SHOT. AP. 20-INIM M5 BIJI20-1.95

aENETRAl fON VE0-YCRE'4 HOOGEEEOUSARMOR PL-ATC-

1-- iiL J- 1 v 1TE INi

*~4 4-n4 -L,

a II

J ~~~ 40 120 i60 ~ o

III

IBRLH:2M .95 BAWUST. AND ENVa~CDATA

PENTRTIN ELXI YCURVES 2L4r--C 4M1= AMO PLATE L-

44 r* 1 I-. 4 .rr'.4

'44., -44

-".OCT 94pps ;:MA

___~ ~ ~ ~ ~ T -1-_____ 1 __________ - -____

4-.L ± E 2 f . .~__ _ _ _ _ _ . . . . . .

goo080 10 1600 2000 2400 2800

B:llistic Reoeaxch IxtraH-les M--.l Lao.

-Frne-erL-; Data for Amnto.Maryvland.

'or

Sect!--. irtrazrarcz

I Gt-or a; --- --- --- -- -

t.1 D - ;- n - -- --- -- ------

E1 2telc- b tic data------------

P---P-,Zc' -

PU3,V--e -prv-not.Z-4 rl, thei -akibc !s 6-7~n -- s

m-ali'mrez -'- t" smaya. ynam.--=-A llt--!-= -f-- -MW. oiar S : Vlr -. ~s .-m m

... gtiai~~~ -earm -h y -z -i- -..- - - - c-1n -, -... - --

Shcllcell MLrtm23 t4pwid: rprt svanngts

-1-2-2,4

LPRU-I 20-1.96 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERNG DATA2

w I

0*0zO 0

_j)

zzww

FOR SHELL INCENDIARY. 20-MM. M96 BRLH 20-1-%3.5

93. Dimensions.

Band: Distance from base 0.50 calWidth 0.25 cal

Body: Length 2.91 calLength of cylindrical part 2.39 calLength of ogival part 0.52 calRadius cr. •, val arc 2.54 cal

Nose: Length 1.17 calConical ang-e 31°21-

Shell: Total length 4.08 cal

Head length 1.69 cat A

4. Physical characteristics.

Weight: Standard 1920 grainsMeasured 1993 grains

Base to center of gravity 1.553 calAxial moment of inertia 155.5 gr.in2

Transverse moment of inertia 1305 gr.In2

SECTIC I

MIERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

Paragraph

Theoretical yaw in bore .....- .... ...-..-..---------------- 5

5. Theoretical yaw in bore.

Minimum 8 minMaximum 13 min

SECTION IV

EXTERIOR UALLNM DATA

Paragraph

Aerodynamic data -- -8------- --- -- -- -- --- -- -- --- 6FL-ing table dat --- ---------------- -- -- -- --- ---

3

BRLt 20-1-96 BALTUSC AND ENGINEERIN C DATA6.7

6. Aerodynamic data.

a. Drag. The following values were determined from time-of-flight firings.

Velocity 2800 fps

Projectile weight 1920 gr

Form factor (Projectile Type 5) i5 1.16

Ballistic coefficient (Projectile Type 5) C5 .383

Drag coefficient "D .156

b. Stability. BRL Report No. 515, "Aerodynamics of 20-mm Projectiles", gives data on the stability

of Incendiary Shell M96.

Velocity 2750 fps

Moment coefficient KM 1.09

Twist of rifling I/n 1/25.586

Stability factor s 2.80

7. Firing table data. No firing tables have been prepared for the Incendiary Shell M96. FT 20AC-1-1,

F'1 20AC-K-1, FT 20AC-L-l and FT 20AC-M-1 fcr 20-mm Automatic Guns M2 and M3 firing HE Shell T23

and HEI Shell M97 give data that are approximately correct for the Incendiary Shell M96 (see OH 20-i-97).

0CM items 26550 and 26906 recommended and approved standardization of the Incendiary Shell M96. Its

standard instrumental velocity is 2810 fps at 90 feet from the M2 Gun.

BIS 0.97

BallTstic Research Laboratories BalUitc Research Lab.Handbook of Ballistic ma Aberdeen Proving Ground,Engnering Data for Ammuntion, Maryland.No. 20-1-97 15 February 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATAfor

Shell, HEI, 20-mm, M97with

Fuze, PD, M75

Section Paragraphs

I General ------------------ IU1 Description ----------------- 2-4

Mi Interior ballistic data --------- 5 -8rq Exterior ballistic data -------- 7 -9

V Effect data ------------------ 10

ECTIOC I

GENERAL

Purpose -- - ------ --- ---------- - - - - - - - --

I. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of Infor-mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 20-mm High Explosive Incendiary Shell

M97 with the Point Detonating Fuze W75. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, firing

tables, and technical manuals pertaining to this ammunition.

0.

~771

BRLH MOI-97 BALliSTIC AND ENCJNEEFJUNC DATA2

q9I

upI

rFFM * L HE, 20MMK M97 BRLH 20.1-97

2-4

SECTIONDESCRIPTION

Drawings r aw i n gs......................-- 2Dimension -. - . . . ..- . .- ..- . .- ..- . .- . .- . .- . .- ..- . .- ..- . .- 3Physical characteristics -....................... 4

2. Drawings.

Shell: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-335Fuze: Assembly 73-1-193

Details 73-1-194

3. Dimensions.

Band: Distance from base 0.48 calWidth 0.25 cal

Body: Length of cylindr'cal part 2.41 calLength of ogival part 0,65 calRadius of ogival arc 2.54 cal

Fuze: Oatside length 1.05 CalConical angle 200241.

Length: Shell 3.06 calShell and fuze 4.11 calOgitve and Atze 1.70 cal

4. Physical characteristics.

a. The physical characteristics of the HE Shell T23 with the PD Fuze T71E4, of which the present

projectile is a slight modification, are as follows:

Weight 2000 grainsBase to center of gravity 1.643 calAxial moment of inertia 165.0 gr.in 2

Transverse moment of inertia 1442 gr.n 2

b. The standard weight of the HEI Shell M97 with the PD Fuze M75 was changed by OCM item 26553

to 2039 grains.

r L 20-X97 XBALIJSTIC AND ENCN.F.ING DATA

SECTIFONSA B C

-622

1 +4T4117 "'06 15

*234

+416

J

4

LONItUDINAL...

AXES OF RESULTANT STRESS

DIAGRAM OF RESULTANT STRESSES

FOR SHELL . 20-MMK W7 BRL8 20-1-975-7

SECTION La

iwzmOR BALLISTIC r TA

Paragrap

Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. - 5Theoretical yaw in bore .....................- - 6

5. Stresses. The followin g table and the graphical representation m page 4 show the longitudinal,

radial and tangential stress at each of three sections: ki,, the rear corner of the band seat, (B) the front

of Lhe bnd seat, and (C) immediately behind the bourrelet.

Gun, Automatic, 20-mm M2Twist of rifling 1/25.586Cross-sectional area of bore 0,5148 sq in.?lated maximum pressure 48,000 psITotal weight of projectile 0.2913 b (2039 gr)Muzzle velocity 2800 fpsDe-tnslty of filler (Incend tetryl) 0.0505 lb per -u In.

Resultant Streiss* Section0 .psi A B C

Lwngitldinal -222 -720 -378Radial +474 +108 + 65Tangential -822 +418 +2M

* + denotes tension, - denotes compression.

6. Theoratical yaw in bore.

MPnimum 8 min* Maximum 13 min

SECT7ON TEXTERIOR BALLTSTEC DATA

Paragraph

Aerodynamic data ......- ..... ....- .- .----------------- 7Firing table data: Automatic Gun W42 -...-.-.-.-.-.-.---- -------- 8Firing table data: Automatic Guns W43, ?A23 and M24 .--.-.-.-------- 9

7. Aerodynamic data. The following data, taken from Bsdiistlc Research Laboratory Report No. 515,

"Aerod'-namics of 20-mm Projectiles", pertai to the HE Shell T23 (Dwg TAM 371) with the PD Fuze T71E4(Dwe TAM (301):

5

B 24 M,1-97 BALUSIZC AND EUNINEFRNG DATA

Velocity u 2800 fps

Weight In 200 gr

Form factor (Projectie Type 4,: 4 1.1

Ballistic coefficient (Projectile Type 5) C5 0.404

Drag coefficient KD 0.? 55

Cross Wind Force coefficient KL 1.27

Normal Force coefficient 1.43

Base to Center of PDressure h 2.40 cal

Overturning Moment coefficient KM 1.09YL/KM 117

Ratio of ccaffictents -K .17

Drft function KL/ 1.49 x i-,J 7

Yawing Moment coefficient Lt 1.56

Magnus Moment coefficient K -0.005

Twist of rifling (7' angle) 1/n 1/25,586

Stability factor S 2.85

$. Mug U data. Automatic GuA 30 (67.52-inch Tube). FT 20AC-1-1, FT 20AC-K-1 with

supplement and FT 20AC-L-1. Twist of rifling: 1/25.586 (7' angle). OCM items 26550 and 26906 recom-

mended and approved standardizatin of the HEI SheU M97 wit the PD Fuze M75. Its starar.. .nstrumental

velocity Is 2'780 to at 90 fe- from the M2 Gun. The firing tables were comp-ted for a pry;e:tlie weight of

2000 g"rans, which is that of .:.e HE Shell T23 with tme PD Fuze T?1F4, and a muzzle vel -city of 2750 fps.

a. Form factor. Thv !crm factor of the 2000-Vgrain HE Shell relative to the 20-mm AP Shet TgE4,

whose dag coefficien is i-ven in BRLH 20-1-95, is i 0.905.

b. Ballitic coefcle. The ballistic coefficient with respect to the drag functio of the 20-imn

AP Shot T9E4 is C - 0.510.

=6

FOR SHEL.L HE . 2-M.Nt M97 BRLH 82.-978-9

c. Stability factor (normal) -, 2.85

d. Da ping coefficients. c' - 0.001,548,8 ft "

, 0.000,097,8 ft.1

(e. Windage j mp coefficient. b - 86,600 mil. fps

i . Yaw-drag coefficient. K,6- 16.4 rad 2

g.Traectory data.(1) FT 20AC-J-1 gves trajectory data for:

(a) Present range, nearly horizontal flghi, and gun flexible in elevation.

(b) Present range, inclined flight, and gun fixed at low elevation.(2) FT 20AC-K-I and Its supplement give trajectory data for tuture range, horizcntal flight, and

all-around fire.

(3) FFT 20AC-L-1 gives trajectory data for future range, horizontal and diving flight, and forwardflre.

9. Firing table data Automatic Guns U3, M23 ad M?4 (52.50-inch Tube T31).

FT 2OAC-K-2. Twist of rifling: 1/25.586 (70 angle). The firing table was computed for a projectule

weight of 2000 grains, which is that of the HE Shell T23 with the PD Fu ze T71E4, and a muzzle velocity of

2880 fps.

a. Form factor (relative to AP Shot T9E4) i = 0.905

b. Ballistic coefficient (drag function of AP Shot T9E4) C - 0.510

c. Stability factor (normal) s K 2.85

d. Damping coefficients. c' - 0.001,548,8 ft-1

c" - 0.000,099,2 ft

e. Windage jwp coefficient. b - 104,311 mil. fps

f. Yaw-drag coefficient. Km - 16.4 rad "2

g. Trajectory data. FT 20AC-K-2 gives trajectory data for future range, horizontal flght and

all-arouand fire.

RRL 201I-97 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATAI0

SECTON" V

EFFECT DATA

ParagraphFragmentation -. ----------- -- - - - -- - - -- -- --- -- 10

10. Fr gmelato. The following table, taken from Volune I of "Terminal Ballistic Data", gives

the casualties due to fragmentation of the HEI Shell M97. The initial fragment velocity Is 1960 fps.

TABLE 37

CASUALTIES

Average For the lightestDistance Total number number of effective fragment

from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity(ft) fragments ments per sq ft (oz) (fps)r N B In v

10 30 0,0239 0.024 157020 21 0.0042 0.033 134030 15 0.0013 0.042 1190

40 11 0.0005 0.050 i 09050 20 0.0003 0.057 1020

60 9 0.0002 0.063 q72

70 8 0.0001 0.089 929

80 7 0.0001 0.075 891

BRLH 37.1.511

Ballistic Research Laboratories Bailistic Research Lab.Handbook of Ballistic and Aberdeen Prcving Ground,Engineering Data for Ammunition, Maryland.No. 37-1-51 17 February 1949

BALLITIC AND ENGTNEERING DATA

for

Shot, APC, 37-mm, M51

with

Self-destroying TracerSection._ Praraphs

i General -------------------- I

H Description ----------------- 2 - 4III interior ballistic data -------- 5

IV Exterior ballistic data -------- 6 - 7

V Effect data ------------------ 8

SECTION I

GENERAL

Paragraph

- ------ -. ---------.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.- - 11. Purp-os. The purpose of this number of the ha.Jbook is to furnish a concise c.ilection of infor-

mati%. :4&:oa;ng thC shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 37 -mn, Ar.or-pier:ing Capped Sho M51,

which . a self-lest-royIng tracer composition. This inf:rmatien is collected from the drawings, re-

ports, firing tabes, and technical manuals pertaining to this am munitii.

II"1=N

[ 2!

i I

ZlF]11. J~.% i 3

I. .%_"__i tI-- ' \,>.I ti

I I."t "

III-" -%',

iwi4!1 4-

I 3. Dmensiols. m

Phan------c s-c-------- - --- - --- ------ - ----

2. Drav~ng.

Sh:M-etai oca.tf- ssemvaid-ea s

3. DimenffsionIs.

Baa- C~'P-tt srd 3*--A c:&-"'5 n4".'

Cam: L-,-' a.¢ ,iaL.iee I iegt.) ,

a iISOfa.- calC'-?.. * c-' -" -

Tho ' c.c caTotal so

4- Physical characteriti~cs- -- es. dat4 apply tothe Shot i.." "- ie"ned raczerzcits.

Mean wes -,-t s, .ndar d)

cai''ra:-rsee-se zncent of inertia32 zn

$6

I

BRIH 37.1-51 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA5.6

SECTION III

INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

Paragraph

Theoretical yaw in bore ....- .......- .-.-.-------------. 5

5. Theoretical yaw in bore.

Minimum 13 minMaximum 22 min

SECTION IV

EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

Paragraph

Aerodynamic data ......- ..........- ....----------------- 6Firing table data ......- ............-.....----------------- 7

6. Aerodynamic data.

a. Drag. The3e data were obtained from time-of-flight firings.

Muzzle velocity 2900 fps

Drag function G 6

Ballistic coefficient 0.984Form factor 0.92Drag coefficient, KD 0.101

b. Stability. Ballistic Research Laboratory Report No. 225, "Stability of 37-mm HE Shell M63, AP

Shot M51, and Proof Projectile MS?"', gives the stability factors which were determined for this projectile

at muzzle velocities of 2740 fps ond 1350 fps. It was fired from the Sub-caliber Tube M1925 whose twist

of rifling is 1/40. The Tank Gun MC is rifled with a twist of 1/25.

MV Twist of Stability M.nment Coef.fp, Rifling Factor K M

1350 1/40 1.232740 1/40 1.18Avg 1/40 1.205 1.35 (computed from the moments

1/25 3.1 of inertia of shot with unburnttracer composition and the observedstabiity factor)

4j

4-

FOR SHOT, APMC 37-MM, MS1 BRLH 37-1.517

7. Firing table data. FT 37-S-3.

Gun, 37-mm, M6 (.nounted in Light Tanks M3A3 and M5A, by applying suitable corrections to the

elevation, the firing table may be used for Light Tanks M3AI and M5 and the Light Armored Car M8).

Twist oi Rifling: 1/25. Muzzle Velocity: 2900 fps. Projectile weight: 1.92 lb. OCM Items 14801 and

14859 recommended and approved standardizat,on of the AP Shot M51. Item 17699 changed its designation

to APC Shot M51.

I

BRLH 37-1-51 BALLSTIC AND ENGINEU~INr, DATA7

k -44 ft-1 M BALLIT RANGOEND- 4AG J~E -'jf

Al- I I

_u~h~ I

t* 4 1 1 414-i-

r H40 100 aoo ~ 00 400 500

[FOR SHOT. AM. 37-MiM. M51I BRL-H 37-5.17

4t~21I~ELEVATIO4-RANGE CURVE j

70 4-4

-4;11

-T)j

3400 400 01

J-11

L RIM 37-1-51 BALUflIC AND ENGINELRING DATA

I.~~~TM OFI F-A-;~-t 2 LIGH- RANG. CURVE EOFIGTSE

L4 4ip{ii.'- 1jj Tj..I: 'r- I t~jr[i:

I t .......

220 7it 7 ttI

2400J2;l>-t

i tI V 7. rl

'r- 4+ I5

-FK F ____>

w --

z0 -44-0 400 00

LZ

FOR SHOT. APC. 37-16, M51 BRLH 37-1-518

SECTION V

EFFECT DATA

Paragraph

Penetrat on - -------- --- ------ - - - - - - ----

b. Penetration.

a. Ballistic Limits. Homogeneous armor plate.

Plate Ballistic NumberThiclMess Brinneil Obliquity Limit In

inches Harness deg. Type fps Average

1.00 291 0 Army 1257 31286 20 1345 1

289 30 1396 2371 0 1034 4374 20 1160 5364 30 1518 2402 0 986 2402 20 1141 3402 30 1463 2

i.125 306 0 1 1410 21.18 277 0 1383 I

1.25 248 0 1453 1273 0 1388 9307 0 1333 4

1,50 233 0 1590 13

269 0 1614 53320 0 3.639 8363 0 1572 2360 20 1724 2

i.75 273 0 1775 1274 20 !744 5

2,30 242 0 1860 2

242 20 2036 2_ j 274 0 20 14

289 0 2032 1317 0 1990 83 25 20 '2182 4

2.50 324 .0 2308 2

o,--, 363 03 Navy 121 i

0.875 392 0 143 2417 0 1921 2

--- 4.3 986 I.27 1563 )5

1 I75 I I 7189

2.0 3 __74_ 7

-II

BrLH 37-151 BAtL_'T1c AND ENGINT.-EPJNG DAIA8

b. Ballistic Limits. Face-hardened armor plte.

Plate Ballistic NuiberThickness--- Obiquity Limit Ininches de9 Type fps Average

0.75 0 Army 1449 1425 1038 4

1.00 0 1023 1120 1148 430 1298 740 1539 6

1.50 0 1656 3020 2011 1_2 1

0.50 0 Navy 1003 30.625 0 1460 1

1.00 0 1384 820 1298 5-29 1490 130 1394 540 1549 346.43 1831 1

1.50 I 0 1871 1I20 1991 1430 2057 8

c. Vulnerability of German tanks. The foll.ving data on vulnerability of German tanks

(Panzerkampfwagen) to APC Shot M51, fired from the 37-mm Tank Gun M8 at a muzzle velocity of

2900 fps, were taken from TM 9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performance of Ammuit!-on".

Maximum Vulnerable Range - YardsTank Model M i V-Attack Angle 0 5 25

Frontal Turret Sides 25913 950 ' 259"3 -.Q 5 3Turret Front 1200 --- 11170 ---

F nk Turret"Rear 2970 1500 7 970 1340 0

Turret Sides "2590 9-0 2590 95, 1Turret Front 1200 --- 1170 " 'Upper Hull Sides 3200 1730 420-1 3 IU

Lower Hull Sides 3200 1730 .232a:) 173A0 7

Rear Turret Rear 2970 1500 , 297. 134- -Turret Sides 2590 950 117 0 950 iTurret Front 1200 --- 117-0 . ..Upper Hull Fear 1460 --- 80 0 A

Loser Hull Rear !580 --- 4800 3 I43

10

___________

-J

FOR SHOT. APC. 37-MMN. M BRLH 37.1-51

H. -HAMMVtU8

HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE T-44

rNAVY ORTERION H!

I00 FROp M VO.M7Ot4RINLWL CDT

t 4-

r4 if I

I BRIM 37.1-51 BALLISMIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

H I -' -4EI-1ATIUN -VELOCITY OL(VS

FAC HARDENED ARMOR PLATEV NAVY CRITERION

30C QFROM VOL.N1 F*ERIA BALLISTIC LAMA

F 1Hj4 i~iANGoLE OFr iNCID)ENCE-

[ --

2 600k u. 4:177

4- -

II Li

I -*1' '

14441 ~ * 177

1400

BRLH 37.1.54I-

Balis:tic Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.

Handbook of Ballistic and Aberdeen Proving Ground,Engineering Data for Ammunition, Maryland.No. 37-1-54 18 February 1949

BALLETIC AND ENGVOMEERIDG DATA

for

Shell, HE, 37 -am, :M-5

with

Shell-destroying Tracer

and

Fuze, PD, M56

Section Paragraphs

i General -------------------- ITI Description ----------------- 2 - 4

In interior ballistic data--------- -5 - 6iv Exterior ballistic data -------- 7 - 10I

V Effect data ------------------ 11

SECTIO I

GENERAL

Paragraph

1. Purpose. The pt-pcs-e of "this number of the 1handbook is to furnish a zcnt-se - , ,,ollezton -f nfor-

.atio= regarding the shape, dynamics, balliotlcs and effects of the 37-mm High ExpinsiVe -hell 1454 with

SheUi-dettrzying Tracer and the Point Detonating Fuze ,M56. This information Is cOileted from the dra y-

Ings, reports and firing tables pertalning to this ammunItIon.

8RLH 37-1-54 BALLIS-1IC AND EUNGINEERING DATA

~~Lr0*,' _ _ _ _ iZ ___a-

C!_ W

Fi-n;il I I71c

V0

r FOR SHELL HE. 374.MA M54 Mill 37-54V 2.4

SECTION 11

DESCPJPTION

ararphDrawings .......- ....... .....-. ..--------------------- 2Dimensions ................................ 3Physical characteristics .....- .... ...-...-..---------------- 4

2. Drawings.

Shell: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-279Lmding assembly and details 75-14-225

Fuze: Assembly 73-2-i58Details 73-2-159

160, l1

3. Dimensions,

Boattall: Angle 9°0,Length 0.94 cal

Rand: Ditance from boatta-1- 0.34 calDitance from base 1.25 Cal, ,uu 0. vcal

Cylindrical body: Length 1.21 cal

give: Length 0.67 calR adlus of arc 4.32 caluze: Oitside legth .2 ca

Leneth: Shell 2.82 r.aiShell and fuze 4.02Cgive and fuze 1_87

4. Physical characteristics.

r ~Mean weight (standiard) 0 aBase to center of gravity 1Axial moment of inertia* $.374 i-ransverse moment of Wertia' 2 4 'Va easured with the HiE Shell T12 and alumin- bDum yv uze Cur .Th- iEZ"helM sas;ignt"

j - ification of the H; Shell 712 he P' Fuze 166 r.-a same --nit t,"- =n,. exzep.

for a scre, with a fiat head about 3-6 inch Ln diameter that c t n the Mb Fuze.

"I , e. .t h 5 u e

[ a - _ - -

II

BRI 37-t454 JIALUS1IC AIN!) ENGINEEflNG DAT1A

SECTIONSA

-79

+5+81

-239 -563w

+ 3 53

LoNGltruDINAL

AXES OF RESULTANT St7RESS

DIAGRAM OF RESULTANT STRESSES

FO S4E..HE 37.>mm. W-S' BPJ= 37-.4

SECflCr1 MINTEJOR BALLISTIC DAT A

-Str---esses- --- --- - - - - -

'Iheorei~ i 1 ~ 'I Ctr e.O --- - - - - -- - -- - -- - - - -

5. Stresses. Th table~ s -e gah-- rpe=-U' 4 t

r-adial and tangential stress at ea Ci tw: zeclucs. re Mo- z~r .the bamd seMa Re

o' he b-anset

Oraoss-sectlraz area Of b-v :.2 s-;ined matrrucz ;ress-re xz' s

.Muzze veIlcr n.

~~~ensltte s!.. -en'-es t

6. Thbeoreticala yaw in br,

EX T-U'tO BA'LITN--C DATA

In -~ -~ - -' - - -- - ----

I~ ~ -~ -- - - - -%t=='

I.m

BRLH 37.1-54 BALM=TI AND ENC.INEERNG DATA7

DRGCOEFFICIENT VSMACH NUM RI SHELL, HE, 37-MM M54:IL 'l I 41ITtI-i-tjFUZE, PD, M 56

T- -1 1iLj

*-- *

i t..

+ I tt

z' _ t-_l

IfI;T

D -T

.44-

FOR SHELL HE. 37-MM. M54 BRUt4 37.1.54

7.8

7. Aerodynamic data. The drag coefficient plotted on page 6 and the aerodynamic data tabulated

below were taken from Ballistic Research Laboratory Reports No. 354 and 357, "Aerodynamlos aof 37-mm

HE Shell M54" and "Damping of Calibers 0.30 and 3.59 Bullets and 37-mm HE Shell". The time of flight,

drift, and yaw fi--ings were conducted with ...e HE Shell 1,154 and the -D Fuze M56 without the det-nator.

Veiccity U 2303 fIPS

Drag coefficient K,0. 161

Cross Wind Force coefficient K L 0.98

Normal Force coeffient K N 1.14

Base to Center of Pressure h 3.20 cal

0.:erturniing Moment coefficient x M 1.89

-Ratio of coefficients K /K 0.518

Drift function - 2~K~ 13.0 x 10-8

Yawing Moment coeff lcient K H 3.16

Magnus Moment coe-Ificient K 1 -0.19

Twist of Riling 1/n 1/30 1/25

Stabi lity factor s 1.66 2.3 9

8. Firing table data. Automatic Gun M1A2. (Antiaircraft)

FT 37A-.-"-2. TIwist of rifling; 1/30. Muzzle veoi;2500 fps 1(the standard Muzzle veilclty

for a newi gun i1S 263C'- fpsi. 3CM items 15811 and 15806 reciommended aria app-roved Standardization -11

'he HE Shell M.54 and 7-: Fuze W156 in the Automatic Gn 'M14.2.

a. Form factor (Proj Type 5). 1 0.22

b. Ballistic coefficient (Proji T yp, 5).

c. Trajectory data. rrajectory and time curves .-I- a muzzle veiocItyo 25a.X fp~s are glven -:n

the trajectory chart, which is appended the firing tables.

Maximii . norizontal r-ange 8875 ydMaximumn ordinate 6200 yd

7_

DRU-i 371-54 BALUSTIC AND ENCJNEERING DATA

9-10

9. Firing table data. AutomatIc Guns M4 and M10 (Aircraft).FT 37AC-AO-l and FT V7AC-AX-i. Twist Of rifling: 1/25. Mduzzle velocity: 2-1) fps. The M'1n

Gun is a mc- dification of the M4 .3un, with a disintegrating belt feed. CCM Items 1581 1 and 1'-866 rez-ommende'l

and approed standaridzatlmn of the HE Shell M54 and PD Fuze M56 in the Automatiz Gun M4.

a. Form factor. The form factor of the HE Shell Th4 with PD Faze M56 relative to Its M.Vn drag

function Is 1 = 1.003.

b. Balilstlc coefficient. The ballistic coeffizient of this 1.34-lb projectile relative to its mun drag

function is C = 3.631. The drag coefficient curve i- shown on page 6. The 'drag function' to which

FT 37AC-AO-i refers is G/3.531: the ballistic coefficient relative to this function is 1.00.

c. Stability factor (normal). s s . 2.39

d. Damping coefficients. c' . 1

0 0,2ft-c--0:000,366 Pi-

e. Windage jump coefficient. b - 38,000 ill. fps

f. Yaw-drag coefficient. K 16.4 rad - 2

g. Trajectory data. 'FT 37AC-AO-1 gives time of flight and vertical and lateral deflections for

all-around fire from a gun mownted in aircraft in horizontal flight. F- 37AC-AX-l giv.s similar iata

for limited rl-e from a gun m -nned in aircraft in .. rizontal flight, with zorrections for a irVe angle of

800 i'll".

Firing table data. Automatic Gur. M9 (Aircraft).

C37AC-BF-i and FT 3'AC-BL-1 . Twist of rifling; 1/30. Muzzle velco'ity: 2550 fps (the stan-

.. inwzzL_ veiacity for a nev; in is 2500 fps). -CM items 15811 and 15866 recommended and approved

standardization of "he HE Shell M54 ia PD Fuze M56 In aircraft guns.

a. Form factor. The form factor of the HE Shell M54 wi 'P Fuze M56 relative to its own drag

fu.nction is I w 1.50

b. Ballistic coefficient. The ballistic ,oe""fcient of this 1.34-It projectile relative its own arag

f -n 's 7 3.531. The drag zcefficient curv-:s shown on page . The 'drag funct ' to which

FT 37V - -1 refers is G/3.d3i: the ballisti coefficient relative tnis function is 1.03.

F rOR SHELL HE. 37-MM. M54 BRJ-I 37.15410.11

c. Stability factor (normal). s I1.66d. Damping coefficients. c 0.001, It

0.000,066 ft-I

e. Windage jump coefficient. b =40,375 rail. fps

f. Yaw-drag coefficient. Te -16.4 rad-2

" D6

g. Trajectory data, FT 37AC-BF-1 gives tume cf flight and vertical and lateral deflections for

all-around fire from a gun mounted in aircraft in horizontal flight. FT 37AC-BL-1 gives time of flight.

gun elevation, and lateral defiecti n for forward fire from a gun mounted in aircraft in horizontal flight.

SECTION V

EFFECT DATA

Fragmentation -- --------- ---- --- ---- --- ---- -- 11

11. Fragmentation. FYrng Record P36686 gives the results of a fragmentation test of three HE

Shell M54 with a modified PD Fuze M56, conducted at Aberdeen Proving Ground. Two semI.-circular

panels 6 feet high were made of pine boards with a nominal thickness of 1 inch: panel A had a radius of

iD feet; panel R, 20 feet. Each shell was suspended at the common center of the circular arcs in a plane

bisecting the panels with its axis horizontal and directed toward the edges of the panels. The shell were

detonated statically. The velocity of some of the fragments was meaured at a distance of i0 feet. The

namber of perforations and penetrations in each board were counted. The following table gives the ve-

,ocity in each spray and the number of perforations and penetratiors in each panel.

Round Velocity - fps I--.rforations PenetrationsNo. Side Nose Tail A B Total A B T Ra!

1 3A0 1460 ---- 21 11 32 157 63 2202 2520 ---- 1900 41 12 53 1i 119 3103 ---- 730 1330 30 16 46 93 108 20i

BRIM 37-1.59

Ballistic Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.Handbook of iBallistlc and Aberdeen Proving Ground,Eng ineering Data for Ammunition, MarylandNo. 37-1-59 21 February 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

!or

Shot, APC, 37-mm, M59

with

Sell-destroying Tracer

Section Pragraphs

I General ---------------------- 1

I Descripticn----------------- 2 -4

III Interior ballistic dsa ---------- 5

W. Exterior ballistic data --------- - 8

V Effect data ------------------- 9

SECnotK IGENERAL

Paragraph

Purpose -- - - ------ ---------- - - - - - - - - --

1. purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-

matlon regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 37-mw Armor-piercing Capped Shot

M59, which contains a seli-destroying tracebcomposition. This information is collected from the draw-

!gs, reports, firing tables, and technical manuals pertaining to this ammunition.

i

iIII

*k

BRLI! 37.1.59 B.ALLZSMC AND ENCINEEJUNG DATA2

faa

0a

[

FOR SHOT. APC, 37.MM M59 BRLH 37.-59

SECTION 11

DESCRIPTION

ParagraphDrawing -. - . . . . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . . ..- . .- . .- .- 2Dimensions ------ --- -- ---------- --- ---- -----. 3

Physical characteristics -....................... 4

2. Drawing.

Shet: Metal parts assembly and detail 75-2-289

3. Dimensions.

Band: Distance from base 0.40 calWidth 0.50 cal

Cylindrical part of body: Length 1.80 cal

Ogival part of. body: Length 1.09 calOutside length 0.28 calRadius of arc 1.61 cal

Cap: Length 1.06 calLength of ogival part 0.84 calRadtus of arc 8.92 calVertical angle 1200

Length: Shot body 2.89 calTotal ogive 1.34 calTotal projectile 3.14 cal

4. Physical characteristics.

Weight (standard) 1.91 1bBase to center of gravity 1.450 calAxial moment of inertia 0.4835 lb.in 2

Transverse moment of inertia .315 lb.n 2

SECTION 1IM

INTERIOR BALLB1T DATA

Theoretical yaw 4n bore .....- ..........-...---------------- 5

5. Theoretical yaw in bore.

Minimum 13 minMaximum 22 M.n-

3

L9

RRLH 37-1-59 BALUSM AND ENCINTXANG DATA6

DRAG COEFFICIENT VS MACH NLMBER-4 SHOT, APO, 37-MM, M59 WITHOUT TRACER T

7-1a K OOI1243i 12 V K HD D6

V 11120.2?M(FPS)1 tt

R1

: t

litif4c I If

I I ff i t

+If 110,

if

36

14+ It I I I I Ii t I I f f i t 1 -1

I i f i f

4- ---4-

i f I I I i f I I I f

it

I-F

.to fittit -

I f i t ; I I IEll.

ME it

-4 if itT T

H- ilt.

fix;

14 -- l i t

i 47-

t0.5 Lo 3b 3.5

4

FOR SHOr, AM 37.M. M59 BRIH 37-1-596.7

SECTION IV

EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

LParagrapi~

Aerodynamic data ......- ... .. ..-..-.-.------------------- 6Firing table data: Automatic Gun, MIA2 ..--.-.-.-.--- ----------- 7Firing table data: Automatic Gun M9 ------------------------------ 8

6. Aerodynamic data. The drag coefficient plotted on page 4 was determined from resistance firings

of the APC Shot M59 without tracer at Mach numbers from 1.1 to 2.25. The other data listed below were

taken from Ballistic Research Lab3ratory Report No. 436, "Yaw and Drift of 37-mm Armor-piercing Shote,

and pertain to M59 Shot with tracer.

Velocity u 2800 fps

Drag coefficient KD 0.396

Cross Wind Force coefficient KL 0.093

Normal Force Coefficient K N 0.489

Base to Center of Pressure h 1.96 cal

Ovierturning Moment coefficient KM 0.250

Ratio of coefficients KL/K M 0,37

Drift function Q T /Ku 2 4.7 x 10-8

Yawing Moment coefficient K H 1.62

Magnus Moment coefficient K1 -0.125

Twist of rifling i/nl 1/30

Stability factor a 12.15

7. Firing table data. Automatic Gun MIA2 (,Anti2rcrft).

FT 37AA-N-2, Ci. Twist of rifling: 1/30. Muzzle v.i'7:2050 fps. OCM items 16088 and 16144

recommended and approved standardization of the AP Shot M59 in the Automatic Gun MIA2. OCM item

17699 changed its designation from AP to APC.

ORLH 37.1-59 RALUSTIC AND ENGINEERNG DATA7

a..FRM F~TORRANGE CURVE (PROJ TYPE I) -H1

MV:j- 205 FP I4

-L-

44-+ ---T.. . . . ., - -- - -_ _

Ift lA'i -Y RD it,.j- 400 50if0360~

I 6

FOR SHOT. APr- 37AM M59 BRLH 37.1-59

ctELEVATIoN - RANGE CURVE t41A i

MV 2050 FPS tL

-H i I

..........LJ t-T fill

4-

40 i fill I fit

.j...... -----

1 V

30

A ' I

to

2T

4 -t

10 14I #

I L r1 I-T

tT 4-44 . T-E - YARDSRAW WS44i f 1 1 L- .a

0 400 aw 1200 2000

7

DRLH 37-1-59 BALUj-flC AND ENIUNEEINC DATA

IIJ- .ERIAvitryRNG UV

fill _6__ _

AL&J..4

200100 *0 20

1600:

0O

+ TERMINt

FOR SHOT. AM. 37-MM, M59 BRH 37-1-598-9

8. Firing table data. Automatic Gun M9 (Aircrtlt).

FT 3"AC-BC-L. Twist of rifling: 1/39. h.-tz Ale velocIty: 2800M fps. ,CM Items 20955 and 21241

ret.ommeaded ard approved authoriza:ion for using the AP.C Shot M5 In the Automatic Gun W9.

a. Ballistic coefficient. The firing table was computed with a ballistic coefficiLen of unity with

respect to the modified Space and Time functions:

S' -20.7 r T - 11.25 i. - 1),

where TR and I6 are the Time and inclination fmctions based on GA. This is equivalent to takin-g the

ballistic cefficient relative to Projectile Type 8 Inversely proportional to the velocity.

b. Trajectory data. The firing table gives trajectory data for firing forward from an airplane.

Data for all-around fire are not required at present.

SECTWI# V

EFFECT DATA

Penetratlon .......- .............-......---------------- 9

9. Panetration. The follc'ng graphs, showing the penetratfon of armor pLate by the 37-mm A'C

Shot M59, were taken from Volume LU ef "Terminal Ballistic Data".

A

9I

- 1[ 2 - = r ' r = --- - = - ' " r - -- - . .. - .,

RL 37.1-59 5Sf 'lC AND LNGI MRIN DATA

I m7~~' nPCWETAMN -xin nnrrv rjq*j&

~Iii±1~i~tL~ HOOGE'E(JSARMOR PLATE1±i~ttfrt~r.NAVY CRTERON _

44Mlill_

II

+: [::vILOCIY -Gap

I jw 1 pp

'E IIT P

1000 5w 2WO -000 350

FOR SHOT, APC, 37 MK M59 BRLH 37.1-599

PENETRATION VELDGITY MWES 4-

44 - CE HARDENED ARMCR PLATEFANAVY CRITERION

ITP4- 4 r

-;,-T t 1;-4

+3.5 17 4i

-14 -44-1if 1t4I+ +:RF if I+1 4 t-T-t- t -ANGLE OF INCIDENM

-4,

3.0-ij f20*

T I

1

I IoF

doT; 4Iip I y

I A ++ If -41

2.0 4-

1 0, vI V IV

T Y

1.5 oo

+4

.444- 4Tv - -

A_t' I t

-4- 4 1L 4=-H +4=i_T

if

-- 4-Lt 1 f___ 44 _4

J-F. Tt -1 4

Mrv 44-4-T4 nVELOCITY-F Ps

14 4 "_?4-1-4- T01000 1500 2000 2500 300100 3500

K1H3718Ballistic Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.IHandbook of Ballistice and Aberdeen Prvig Ground,

Encilneering Data for Ammunition, DAA Maryland. RM37I8

BALLISETI ND 1NEGDTI----------------------- ag p

~ati~n rgardbg he s Tap , ynamics, ballistic aetas of--- th 3 - 8mrpecn htM0 hc

Purposgtab e .n te~a mapsohsnualsbertan to tis amn is ofrihacniecletiono nfr

Intznrgr~gtes-pcnmcblitc ndefct fte3-mAmrpecn htM0 hccotisasl dsryn rcrcmoiin hsifr aini olce rmtedaigrprsfiigtbeadtcnclmnasprann oti m uiin

IL

IeRu-I 371-SO BAIIJflC AND ENGINEERING DATA

IIIEIII

V .- \ toS cc

I I iI

_ XI I S

20 01C Ni I-x~i N;I ''~ 0

N

1-it.

______ 0

0

0

4-

nr-

FOR SHOT. AR 37-M?4 MW amJi 37.1-802-5

SECTION II

DESCRIPTION

ParagraphD rawing -. . . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . . . .- . .- . .- . .- 2Dim ensions -. - . . . . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . . ..- . .- . .- .- 3Physical characteristics .....- ..........-...---------------- 4

2. Drawing.

Shot: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-310

3. Dimensions.

Band: Distance from base 0.40 cal

Width 0.50 cal

Cylindrical part of body: Length 1.80 cal

Cgive: Length 1.09 calRadius of arc 1.61 cal

Shot: Length 2.89 cal

4. Physical characteristics.

Weight (standard) 1.66 lbBase to center of gravity 1,268 calAxial moment of inertia 0.4150 lb.In2

Transverse moment of inertia 1.963 ibn 2

SECTION III

INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

Paragraph

Theoretical yaw in bore .....- ..........-...---------------- 5

S. Theoretical yaw in bore.

Minimum 13 minMaximum 22 mir.

"IA

I

3i

I

BRLH 37.1-80 BALUSTIC AND ENCINTERNG DATA

L4-. DRAG COEFFICIENT VS MACH " BER W_SHOT, AP1, 37-MM., MSO

i L I if if !17Jr+1TM

V Kgb :LpIKD 0.48649V + 295.5 T

J-1 4 -f

I i J I V z 1112OL27 M (F4 -i- TT4till 11 1

T t- -:14

14 __j _4AAL_

_TY-

L

-F - q

I F

.to

4Lr

IL IfillT ++

-4 TI it-4- A

-T4Z

41 1 t

-14.08

T

+ mJ I t-H l =

Ls 2-4

FOR SHOT. AR 37.MK M80 BRLH 3? -80I 6-7

SECTION WLEXTEpIOR BALLIIC DATA

ParagraphAerodynam ic data -.- . . . ..- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . . ..-. .-. .-. -Firing table data: Automatic Guns M4 and --.---.---- ------

Firing table data: Automatic Gun M9 ...---.-----------------

6. Aerodynamic data The drag coefficient plotted on page 4 was determined from res~stanoe irt.gsof the AP Shot l480 with Tracer at Mach numbers from i.1 to 2.5. The other data listed telym were tacenfrom Ballistic Research Laboratory Report No. 438, 'Yaw and Drift of T7 -mm Armor-piercing 3hots".

Velocity (fps) u 1650 33 50

Drag coefficient KD 0.259 0.228

Cross Wind Force coefficient v 0.!85

Normal Force coeffizient .. 0.416z ase to Center of Pressure h (cal) 2.49

C-verturning iMoment coefficient Kv 0.513 0.497_oIfC.n k /K .3-7-8

at o coefficients R/, K . 8

Drff, lfunztion Q K ' U4.37 x

Yawini Moment co.efficient K% 2.53

::aur Ni Moment coefficient K -. 25

Twict of Rifling /n1

Otacility factor s 9.s 6.785

7. Firing table data: Automatic Guns M4 and MI0 (Aircraft).

.= - . -I. T".wist of rifling: 1/25. Muzzle velbclty: I75 fps The MID G 3=un is a mod-.iici-f the L.4 Sr, ,-ith a M-shntegratlng oeli feed. 0IM items 17489 and 1582 rec,;mrendeI and Rppr:;eC

stand a r d i ati.n :.f te AP Shot 1480 i P1he Automatic Gun M4 with a muzzle ve lit y C 5 p. .

Z B.A and 21239 recommended and approved tncreasIng ,the standard muzzle velxitv fr.m -

I

~1

I

I]

HRLH 37.1-W) BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

a. Form factor. The form factor of the AP Shot M80 relative to its own drag function is 1 = 1.0.

The drag coefficient curve is shown on page 4.

b. Ballistic coefficient. C - 0.782

c. Stability factor (normal). s - 6.785

d. Damping coefficients. c, - 0.001,577,4 ft " I

d" - 0.000,087,0 ft " !

e. Windage Jump coefficient. b A 20,200 mil. fps

f. Yaw-drag coefficient. KDd 16.4 rad -

g. Trajectory data. The firing table gives time of flight and vertical and lateral aeflectins with the

arguments true air speed, zenith angle (800 to 2400 mils), azimuth f5600, 5000,", 400 and 80) mils, and

future range for horizontal flight in air of standard surface density.

8. Firing table data: Automatic Gun M9 (Aircraft).

FT 3VAC-AW-!, FT 37AC-BD-1, and FT 37A-BE4-. Twist of rifling: 1130. Muzzle velocity:

2950 fps. OCM items 20955 and 21241 recommended and approved authorlzation f:r lZu the APZ ht

Ln the Automattc Gun M9 with a standard muzzle velocity of 3050 fps.a- Form factor. The form factor of the AP Shot MSo relative to Its own drag f-xction is i 1.93

The drag coefficient curve is shown on page 4.

b. Ballistic coefficient., C - .732

c. Stability factor (normal) s 1; 6.785

d. Damping coefficients. C' - 0.001,577,4 ft'

e. Windage jump coefficient. 1 28,000 m. fps

f. Yaw-drag coefficient. K = = 16.4 ra1 "2

g. Trajectory data.

(M/ FT 3A--AW-*l vIves time of flight. elevation. and lateral deflt. On with the air

aensitv ratio, true air speed, and fu'ure range for norizzntal flight, zero azi-,uth, and iMpat the n t r:-

zontal plane thru the line of fight.

6

FOR SHOT. AR 37-M14 M0 BRLH 37.1,808.9

(2) FT 37AC-BD-l gives time of flight and vertical and lateral deflections vith the arguments

true air speed, zenith angle (800 to 2400 mals), azimuth (5600, 60., 0, 490 and 800 mils), and future range

for horizontal flight in air of standard surface density.

(3) FT 37AC-BE-1 gives time of flight and vertica- deflection ui:fl the arguments true air speed,

dive angle (0, 230 and 40 mils), and present range for firing forward from an airplane in air of standard

surface density.

SECTON V

EFFECT DATA

Pararaph

Penetration - 9------------------------

9. Penetration.

a. Ballistic limits.

Homogeneous Plate Ballistc NumberThickness Brinnell Obliqulty Limit in

inches number deg Type fps Average

075 317 0 Navy 1159 40.75 358 0 Navy 1093 3

0.00 327 0 Navy 1288 6I .0 369 0 Navy 1251 1I .30 401 0 Naly 1203 1

1 7

BRLH 37.!-80 BAJliSTIC AND MOCNEERING DATA

.',b. PENETRATION -VELOGITY CURVES *,.L.2......±b~-1- HOMOG ENEOUS ARMOR PLATE _

-44

I~h~t ~ ~ ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

4

+ .. ...

7 -I

T-..... 40.::;:

-p l r I--- . I-II t

[FOR SHO'T. AP. 37.MM. WO BRLH 37.1-809

C.PEETRATION-VELOCITY CURVES _ __FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE .-

L~~. . ~ NAVY CRITERMON. , ..

K~.~7: FROM VOL.ME OF "TERMINAL BALLISTIC DA t'-

... ... ANGLE OF INCIDENC

.... .... I . NO.74

..-.... .. . .

'VT~-- -

3.5. Z...Lz~ .20

4 -0-.

2 .OV~~ no ~ I

0.0

. . . . .. . . . .

I1. I

80 1200 60 2000) 2400 2800 3200 30

8RL 40-1.2

Ballistic Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.Handbook of Ballistic and Aberdeen Proving Ground,Engineering Data for Ammunition, Maryland.No. 40-1-2 1 March 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

for

Shell, HE. 40-mm, Mark 2

with

Tracer, SD, Mark 11, Mark 11 Mod 2, M3 or M3A1

and

Fuze, PD, Mark 27 or M71

Section Paragraphs

[ General --------------------- 1

II Description ----------------- 2 - 4

Ili interior ballIstic data -------- 5 - 6

IV Exterior belistic data ------- 7 - 8

V wect data ----------------- 9

SECTIONI I

GENERAL

ParagraphPurpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. Purpose. The purpose of this n~uber of the handbook is to furnish a conci-se collection of infor-

mation regardtng the shape, dynamics and ballistics of the 40-mnm High Explosive Shell Mark 2 w-h Shelldes.traying Tracer 'Mark 1!, Mark 111 M1.1cd'ffcation 2, M.3 O r 143.A! and Point Detonatiing Futze Mark 27 or

1471. Tints ircrmation is collected from thea.rawings, reports and !Lring tables pertainig to this.an-anu-

niti.on.

rh- 4*. BALLISTIC AND ENCINEMJNCZ DATA

INIx M

U..1

I~ Oj

0 US

ii14

Lr

FOR SN-LL H£. 40.MM. ALKR 2 B"R-I 40G.1-22-4

SECTONDESCRIPTION

Pa phDrawings . . . . . . .. .Dim ensio.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- 3Physical chaa acteristics -...................... 4

2. Drawnbp.Shell: Metal parts asserbly and .:taUs I75-2-n" 6Tracer, SD, Mark 11 (Navy BuOrd) 34,440Tracer, SD, Mark 11 Mod 2 (Navy B1aCrd) 423,429Tracer, SD, M3 or M3AI 75-17-7Fuze, Detonating, Mark 27: General -rrangement

and details (Navy BuOrd) 3-00,423-Fuze, PD, M"I: Assembly 73-2-201Cartridge. HE-T (SD, Mkc 11), Mark 2: Assembly

and marking diagram 75-1-1L88

3. Dimewsos.

Boattail: Angle 800y,Leidn 057 Cal1

Band: Distance from boattaUi 0.50 CalDistance from base 1.07 calWidt.h 0. 40 Cal

Cylindrical body: Length 2.00 cal

Head: Angle 7301L~h e'0.89 cal

I racer: CqtsIde lenglh 0.35 cal

FuzP: COside length 1.20 cal

Lerth: cheil ).26 calShell and fuze 4.48 calShe!l. tracer and fuze 4.81 calHead and -uze 1.89 cal

4. Physical chrracteristcs. .andard weight: 1.905 lb. The tolo1itng data pertain to inert-

3ade4 shell wi-Iwooden tracer plug and D-rm y Fuze T34,

Weigh: 1.8285 lb_-zse to center o! gravity .566 cal

A ..ial momen ! Inertia 0.628 ' t. IIIransverse mcment of Inertia 4.955 lb. in"

1' 3

BR-IM 40-1-2 ILALLUS!IC AND LNUN~G :)A'-*

SECTION

+46

J/

LONGTUII-NI- /

+461

FOR SHF.LL HE 40.MM ,AK 2 ORL 40.12, 5.7

S3CTIOK M

INTERIOR BALLST= DATA

_paragahStresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ..- 5

Theoretical yaw in bore .....- .... ...- .- .-.---------------- 6

5, Stresses. The following table and the graphical representation on page 4 show the longitudinal,

radial and tangential stress at the front end of the band seat.

Gun, /,utomrttic, 40-mm M1 and M2Travel to maximum prerssure 8.8 in.Twist of rifling at max P 1/42.4Cross-sectional area ot bore 2.0323 sq in.Rated maximum pressurg 40,000 psiTotal weight o! projectile 1.985 lbMuzzle velocity 2,870 fpsDensity of filler (TNT) 0.057 lb per cu in.Resultant stress:

Longitudinal 58,900 " psi (compression)Radial 1,900 psi (tension)Tangential 46,900 psi (tension)

3. Theoreftcal ' - r.

Mir-unrVi 20 minMaximum 26 min

BECTIC" IV

EXT;"-IOR BALLISTIC DATA

Aercjy v-mic data ------------ --------- -----------.-.- ---- 7Firng tz..ble data .---.------.---.-.-- - - .. 8

'. Aerodynamic data.

(1) Tre-o .-flh , firing;. 40-mm HE Shell MI.rk 2.

Tuze Tracer Veiocity Drag Form Drag--s -- Fun,'ion Factor Coe(.

i.,64Al M3 867 Gr .952 .128

l k II 13P6 G5 .927 .124

ri

IPILH&1-2BAL~flC AN ENaWN DATA

(2) DRAG COEFFICIENT VS MACH NLIM8ERRESISTANCE FIRINGSSIIELL,HE,40MM, MARK 2

0.5~ 10 15 .02

f i l

FOR SHELL HE. 40.5dM MARK 2 U3J4H 40-1.2

b. ftbilty. Ballistic Research Laboratory Report No. 252, "Stability of 40-mm Shell Mark

UTIWL", gives aerody.z'mic data for inert-loaded shell with Dummy Fuze T34. A wooden plug was inserted

in the tracer cavity, but it came out when the shell was fired. The stability firings were done with a Bofors

Gun containing a tube that was rifled with a final twist of 1/30.

Vebo>,Ity Mach Stability MomentNo. Factor Coefficient

12D0 1.042 1.23 1.852890 2.514 1.48 1.54

S. riring table "ta. FT 40AA-A -3.Guns, Automatic, 40-mm, MI anid Dual, Automatic, 40-mm, UL. Twist of rifing: Increaseng,

1/45 to 1/30. MV: 2800 fps (the MV for a new pun is 2870 fps). Weight of Shell with Tracer and Fuze:

1.985 lb. 0CM items 17176 and 17250 recommendc and approved the tadritinof the Quick Firi*High Explosive Shell Mark 2 with Tracer anid Delay Aetton Percussion Fuze No. 251 Mark 1. 0CM items

20391 and 2D72-9 recommended and approved the reelasetffcatoi of the Detonating Fuse Mark 27 from

substitute standard to standard and the adoption of the Point Detonating Fuze M71 as alternate standard.E The Shell-destroying Tracers Mark V7 and Mark 27 Mod 2 are standard; the Miell-destroyIng Tracers No3and M3A1 are alternate standard.

a. Form far and bmat~ coscecitat (Projectile Type 5). At all elevations:

1- 0.947

C 0.845I b. Trajectoy data. Part I of the firing tables contains trajectory data for antiaircraft fire;Part It, differential effects; and the Appendix, trajectory and time curves.

Maximum horizontal range 10,850 yd

Maium ordinate 7,825 Id

SALLNM AND EWANEERM DATA

fill-ELEVATM -RANGE CURVE I* fill

fill Wo 29M FPS1 11 ti ll ill I if 111 11 1 11 11 11 1 - 1I I I I I I I I l l I l l l i l t I I II l l I f I I f I I f I f f i l l II I l l i t - II A I I I I 4Y4-::--w fill I- I If L I L ,l i l t t i l l - [ f[Ilililtliltl i l t I i t II I I I I I f -1 -FEEf i l l 1 1 1l i l t I fI I I t

l i l t - I IH

IF I

I I AllI

fillILII I1 Ir

44

A I I

fitIf fillI t I I L i l ltillI l i l t

I f4- +.Af 1 4+ E: VTat

00

if I

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

FOR SHELL HE 40-hft MARK 2 BRLH 40 1.2

T

FITtt

t

noo

+4d.TERMINAL VELOCITY RANGE AND;.-i-,,- , 1 4, 1ri +1TO&OF FUGHT - RANGE CUWES

MV* 2800 FPS 4 j -1 14,

-T-Tr"11 r! I- I t tmoo

4jtio(o) 14

T,FF'41

4

X-low oo

I t I

1600

z t

H 1 114-H

1 4 -4-t!-4

4 t1200t4 4 L - t-, t-11-4-t---

Awo--- 44-;-A

-4 - I H t-44- -4- -f i

1000-4- 1; 4-4

4 4M- 444+-4--+-

P.A)M- 4 #j-

Boo[ t I 'TT-M T t-1 T-1 T3 t tLE 01000 2000 3000 9 4000 swo 6000

SKIM 40.1.2 DM..I= APO ENUI DATA

8U3Mt'ON V

ZFl T DATA

Fragmentation - -

9. Fzameatatlo, No Iragmentation tests of the 40-mm Shell Mark 2 with its standard loading

of TN. have been conducted here, but Picatinny Arsenal has detonated five Shell Mark 2 loaded with Ednatol

(50 to S0D% ethylenedinttramlne and 50 to 40% trinltrotoluef-I in a sand pit, and recovered the fragments

(Test Record No. 134-8). The averaga weight of the loaded saell was 1.795 lb; of the empty shell, 1.815 lb.

The follwlng table shows the average number and weight of the fragments in each of four groups.

Weight Number Weight of Percent ofZone of Fragments Empty Shellgrans Fragments Ib Recovered

0 - 75 197 0.8075- 150 14 0.23

150 - 750 13 0.45760 -25 1 0.24

Total 226 1.53 94.7

10

NR 40-141

Ballistc Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.Eanio& of Ball1stic and Aberdeen Proving Ground,EngwerlnM Data fc: Amznuition, Mry.dNo. 40-1-81 2 March 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

for

Shot, AP, 40-mm, M81 or M81A1

with Tracer

Section

I General - - - - - - - - - ---

1I Description - ---------- 2-4

tMl Interior ballistic data - - 5

TV Exterior ballistic data - - 3-7

V Effect data----------- 8

SECTION I

GON3 RAL

Purpose - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. prupose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concize collection of infor-

mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 40-m Armor-piercing Shot M81 or

M81AI with Tracer. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, firing tables, and technical

manuals pertaining to this ammunition.

r ~ -~

p

M114 40. 141 RALUSflC AND ENCINURINQ DATA

IF

p 1

0

1 0

a:

5 0

U,

p2

I ___

FOR SHOT. AP 40.K NIAi GLH 40-1412-5

Drawr ..... 2

Dimensions .............................- 3Physical characteristics ......................- 4

. Drawinp.Shot: Metal parts assembly 75-2-311

Details 75-2-312

Tracer 75-14-333

3. DnsaaBand: Distance from base 0.507 Cal

Width 0.400 cal

Body:. Cylindrical lenth 1.575 cal

Windshield: Length 2.330 calRadius of ogival arc 5.930 cal

Shot: Total leWh 3.0 cal

4. Physical cwMfrTer kc.

Weight (standard) 1.96 lbBase to center of Mr~viy- 1.21 calAalmoment of inertia- 0.674 lb. in2.Transverse moment of 'Lnertta* 2-64 lb. in2

Estimated on the basis of mesurements of the 37-m Armor-piercing Capped Shop M51.

WITERIOR BALLIST= DATA

Theoretical yaw in bore ..--------------------

5. Theoretical yaw in bore.

Minimum 2r min

Maxmum 32 min

3

r-3 . -nM •. . r. . . .. ...

IRL14 40141 SIt ANDA EW SNEWING DATA6-7

MICIVD

KZIMOER SflJ DATA

Aerodynaminc data ------ - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- -- -

Firt table data at

a. Drag. With the G8 drag function, the balisticoefficent was determined from the time of

flight at 800, 1000 and 1500 y)00 yards range. The extrapolated value at zero

range is 0.615 (see par. 7k). The corresponding form factor, relative to Projectile Type 6, is 1.285. Hence,

the drag coefficient is 0.142 at the standard muzzle velocity of 2870 fps. These data were obtained with the

AP Shot M81, but are applicable to the AP Shot MUA1, since its contour is only slightly different.

b. Stabift. No stability firings have been done with the 40-mm AP Shot M81 or M81AI. The

stability factor, estimated from that of the 37-mm Armor-piercing Capped Shot M51 (given in Ballistic

Research Laboratory Report No. 225, Ntablity of 37-mm HE Shell M63, AP Shot M51, and Proof Projectile

MS") at velocities of 1350 and 270 fps, for a twist of rfing of one turn in 30 calibers, Is 2.58.

1. Fing table data. FT 40AA-A-3.

Ons, Automatic, 40-mm, M1 and Dual, Automatic, 40-mm, M2. Twist of rifling: Increasing,

1/45 to 1/30. MV: 200 fps (the MV for a new gun is 2870 fps). Weight of Shot with Tracer: 1,96 lb.

OCM items 17876 and 17750 recommended and approved standardization of the Armor-piercing Shot M81.

The M81 Shot is now classified as limited standard, and the MBIA1 standard.

4

FOR~ 940T. AP. 4W MBIA! BA7404

4 4 .47

HI .i -. ; II--t

I~~ t t.IH11

__

4 C'J

aai 40.143 RAIJrfl AND ENGDNERIN DATA7

til I jjj If j ~t~~

199

FOR SHOT. AP. 40-MNL MIAI DRLH 40-141

t 0

t-4 -4- 1 t -4114 2 wF-47

~~ BALUNM AND EWC*NEEWNC DATA

H-- I____4_Ft

III I 1f-, t

I T I I I I_______

+- r

frar 1

IC

FOR SH.CT, AR 40.MM. MAI BRLH 4-i.81$

SECTION V

EFFECT DA'A

Paragraph

Penetration . . . . .. ... . ..-. . .. . . . ..-.------ - ---------- 8

8. Penetration.

a. Ballistic limits.

Plate Ba'.- * ttz NumberThickness: 1.5 in. Limit inObliquity: 20° 0 fps Aver--e

Face-hardened Army 2004 4Navy 1972 39

Florogeneous:Brinnel No. 269 Army 2088 12

BRIM 40. 1~ BALUS1C AND ENGINEERING DATA

40 +

-r- '- T7

:i44

1 4-_ _ _ .... ..

4 4-4---

4491wI

FOR SHOT. AP'. 4(i.MIK MAI BRLP- 40-.18

2p4r -4 -4,-- -~-

~ 4T~4 4

t- C-3-- 4 t

t-.-t

~~1 Q

-- T~~-NF JX1.~ If

-, 0

BSR.H 57-1-3C6

Ballistic Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.Handbook of Ballistic and Aberdeen Proving Ground,Engineering Data for Ammunition, Maryland.No. 57-1-306 2 March 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

for

Shell, HE, 57-mm, M306

with

Faxze, PD, M89

Section Ra-agrabs

I General ------------.--.---- 1

iI Description - ---------- 2 - 4Ill Interior ballistic data -.- ---- 5

IV Exterior ballistic data ---.- - 6 - 7

V Effect data ------------- 8-9

SECTION I

GENERAL

Paraah

Purpose - ------------------------------ 1

1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish P concise collection of iror-

mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of th6 57-imm High Explosive Shell M306 with

the Point Detonating Fuze M82. This in'orma. n is collected from the drawings, report-, firing tables, and

firing records pertain ing to this ammunition.

ILH 57-1-W0 BALUiSTIC AND ENCJNEMRNC DATA2

ii

020

I 10

FOR SHELL HL 57-MK4 M306 BRL-H 57-1-3062.4

DESCRION

Drawings - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 2Dimensions - ------------------------------ 3Physical characteristics - ----------------------- 4

2. DrawingS.

Shell: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-359Fuze: Assembly and details 73-2-233

Details 73-2-234 ard 235

3. Dimensions.

Chamler: Angle bLength 0.055 cal

Band: Distance frorn chamfer 0.345 calDistarwe from base 0.40 calWidth 0.15 Cal

Cylindrical body: Length1.7 a

Ogie: Length 0.545 calRadius of arc 2.0 1 Cal

Fuze: Length. (Outside) 0.365 Cal

Length: Shell 2.01 calShell and fuze 2.S3ScalOgive and fuze 1.31 Cal

4. Physical characteristics.

Weight (standard) 2. 75 lbIWeight (as tested) *2.86 lbBase to center of gravity 1.237 -all,Axial moment of inertia 2.18 lb. iLnT raverse moment of inertia 9.89 l b. I n

*See 3RL- Memlo Reports 300 and 348D.

BRL2H 57-1-306 BALUSTIC AND ENNEFING rATA

5.7

SECTION II

ILTERIOR BALLIStiC DATA

Paragra~h

Theoretical yaw in bore - - -------------------- 5

5. Theoretrzal yaw in bore.

Minimum 11 minMaximum 18 mi

SECTION IV

EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATAI ParagraphAerodynamic data ......- ..... ...-. ..--.----------------- 6Firing table data ......- ...........-..------------------- 7

6. Aerodynamic data.

a. Drag.

Drag function G,Form factor (from time o. flight) 0.b6Velocity (fps): Muzzle 1200 Mean 978Drag coefficient, KD 0.191 0.!05

b Stbility. These data were obtained with the experimental Shell T22 with a PD Fuze; i%

physical charactezistics are given in paragraph 4 (see Ballistic Research Laboratory Memorandum Reczrts

No. 300 and 348D).

Muzzle velocity 1176 fpsTwist of riflirg 1/30Siabi ity factor (standard) 1.62Moment coefficient, K .31

7, Firing table data. FT 57-E-1.

Rifle, 57-mm, MI8 Tw ist of rflIng: 1/30. Muzzle velocity: 1200 lfps. 0M tems Z443 and

28073 recommended and approved standardization ci the HE Shell M306.

1 4

fOR SHUL HE 57.MK M306 BRUi 57.1-3067

tuFORM FACTOR - ELEVATIONt

J TYPE IIT -4-7

1-tl - . -1- T T 114=71

44- !!rr-t

t il +4414+

t

0. 4 t

T-t

+T

ELEVATION-MLS.0.9 4 I P1:P:T:1

P-00 :100 600 0 4-

T-- T

I I IT, -17

-- 44-LBAWSTIC COEFFICIENT-ELVATION CURVE

PROJ TYPE 1)

4- -

.55

+ t T--ELEVAMN W A

WD Boo

B~LH 5.1.306BAWSTK AND EN-4NEEXiNG DATA

a

..

~~it

I H-

itt '~~~~thZ~w 4 zut:

4-MO itttt'I

4000T-1T

L~.__oil

V FOR SHELL. HE 57-MK& W.06 BRLH 57.1-306

pLEMNLVLCT AG N

4oQ~t -4114

r41 P-1 4 -F-

.. x I fill T1 OF.-LAN.

o00 '000 ZOG 140 4005c

ERMPAL

fRLftJ 57A.306 BALUflC AND ENGINEERING DATA

-#& DRIFT - RANGE CUW

4- T 1-4-i-I

.- 4 41+!444-1t- t

40 14

11144-4l -4 - *~

I' I -I--i-j----L

t- t--

-4_ __ i

-I-jA...

20 rrv-r~

-' -+~--,*717

~wr!tto .1

o00 2000 !'000 4000 !500))

I -T

f DELECION FFET O! MP LAERA

FORt SHEU- 14L 57.MM. M306 RH5-30

-rH 9.0OMPLEMENTARY ANGLE OFSVWE -Zf " :4 (AVG~ FOR±t I Mi-wL ANGLE OFSITE)

TTI,=a

TI,,

[L+T 4~4 .....j.....

I -- e~------ --

277 1 b 41 1

022biH~~~~ii~jH1TT1 4Zj zL4-- i-.-!;see-

I .- :24 w ~~-4--~ 4 -- 4j i

ti A00 20 0 00 50

4j

::T ;J4I

MWLH 57.1-306 BALliTI AND ENCJNEERIC DATA7

P4R.'' (1200 FPS IS STNARD)

-4

0~-~- I-S-- TF_0 ~ ~ ~ ~~~. 100 :00T00 4 ~-

I- >. Jt4mEzAt 2

-. 4 -*

~~-1- I4-1

-v'

flirt7 li i--* 4 . ..

"tsiO 3000 40 -C

Jz x i T. ... .+++I

__ _ __ _

FOR SMELL HE 57-M. M306o BRL'4 57-1-3%7

j. RANGE EFFECT OF I MPH R

L-- *-- ----- -I-- - ,--- •

I- -- -r ,*- , . -.-±,.j "

, . -MS- -I

-rt-------t. -.r..4. - .....- t_-. r i....:- -.--..----.. ..

ol22,= 4000 trt -,

. . ..-4- --* -.-.- .

_-- ~~RNG'E r oF *No-As it, AnDEN ,,_.:.__ _,P :_ -.--. i i, " -- J - - WW "i ... .. - ., . - - - t-- v -. -t -. --

44.-

p ---

4° - _ "--' - . -r- .RANGE E--- FECT .OF 1% --OAS .... AE .. ..EN -flY'""

. .. .- ..

,..._,. . .. . . . 4 L .. . * .-AG! -YARDS

-. 4

-".O

'4

FOR SELL HE. 57.MM. M306 8RLU-4 57-.3c7

4

W~~ThTT~h~ttt- J.RANGEEFEC OFfIMH t--lND4tgU

-4--

,'I * -- r-t-..,- q ,+ - rr"- -r -t- :, . -- . .- --. ,•,

_ , + _ _ ..,_ _ T .4.- -.- - .' "., -' i- . . ..... .. . . . -- -a---++

_ 4 +. .. . .

77 RAN-E- YARDS

.. . . --ti, -- I- -.- - -

,-- - -- ,+,

o 100 2000 3000 4000) 5000_~~

RANGE EFFECT-1 OF 1% iNCRKASE IN AIR DUNSTY ~.--

~ tzzzz-Ltr2,zm _ - ___

,_' IS -IA- .. ."+ I--4 -- - - ---- _-4 I I

u. A- . +- - -

I..-

ZI-

- . .-4-.., . .• , . . . .4 _... . . . . . .

.-.. . . . . . . . - --

- I * . - I * - -v I t n I , _

0M

00O 2u r4

r0- 4 5000

571306 BALUSC AND ENMINEERING DATA8.9

SECTION V

EFFECT DATA

Paragraph

Sand pit fragmentation .....- .........-.-..---------------- 8N --A ffagmentation ......- ..... ...- .- .---------------- 9

8. 8ad pit fragmentation. The data given in this paragraph were extracted from Firing Record

P-38375. Five HE Shell T22 were placed in boxes and detonated statically by means of an electric blasting

cap connected to the PD Fuze Tl19E1, Which was modified for this purpose. The fragments were separated

from the sand by means of a magnet and grouped according to weight. The following table shows the average

number and weight of the recovered fragments,

Weight zone No. of Weight Percentage of(grains) ,ra (lb) Empty Shell

0 to 50 428 0.8250 to 75 18 0.1375 to 150 12 0.16

150 to 750 1 0.03Total framents 4 1.14 54Scrap 0.35 17Total fragments and scrap 1.49 71Empty shell 2.11 100Loaded shell 2.63

9. Panel fragmentation. The data given In this paragraph were extracted from Firing Record

P-38069. The panels consisted of 1-inch dressed No. 3 pine boards 9 feet high, placed in two semi-circles

with radii of 15 and 30 feet. Each of five HE Shell T22 was placed at the common center of the semi-circles,

with Its axis in a horizontal plane that bisected the panels, and detonated statically by means of an electric

blasting cap connected to the PD Fuze T119E1, which was modified for this purpose. Fragment velocities

were obtained by means of screens placed 15 feet from the shell. The following table shows the average

weight of shell, fragment velocity, and number of fragments that penetrated the panels.

Weht of shell 2.68 lb

Fragment velocity: Side spray 4259 fpsNose spray 1332 fps

No, of fragments: Perforations Penetrations

15-ft radius 146 47130-ft radius 67 19?Total

ORLH 57.1.307

Ballistic Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.Handbook of Ballistic and Aberdeen Proving Ground,Engineering Data for Ammunition, Maryland.No. 57-1-307 3 March 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATAfor

Shell, HEAT, 57-mm, M307

with

Fuze, P1, M90

Section Paragrphs

I General - ---- - - - --- I

U Description --.-.-.---- - 4

In[ Interior ballIstic data- - -. 5

rV Exterior ballistic uata - - - 6 - 7

V Effect data ---------- 8

SECTION I

GENERAL

Purpose - -1------ --- -- -- -- --- -- -- --- -- -- I

1. Purpose. The purpose of this, number of the handbook is to furnish a conct-e collection off infor-

mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 57r-mm High Explosive Antitank Shell

M307 with the Point Initiating Fuze M90. This information is colledted from the drawings, reports, and firing

,es pertaining to this ammunition.

71

WU~H 5.t~3O7BALL1STIC AND ENGINEMRNG D)ATA2

I N

I-I

rCL

I - .. -

I o

1 iJ

4 N w

: __ __________._________ ________ I

0

2

pa

- -- Drawings -. - -. . . . .- -. . -. . - -. . -. . - -. . -. . -. - - 2Dbensons - --.. . -. .... ............... 3

i Physical chaateristics ------------------------- -42.aDin wings.

a-hell: Metal parts asembly and details 75-2-353SDetails 75-2-354

Fuze: Assembly 73-2-2-6Details 73-2-Z37 end 238

3. Dimemiamin

Closing -plug: :ength (outside) 0.10 calShell body: Base to band 0.40 cal

v Band width 0.15 calBase extension 0.07 cal'Chamfer ar~le 100Cylindrical length ?.12 alThreaded legt (under fuze) 0.21 cal

Total body length 2.35

Fuze: Body length (outside) 0.30 caCgive length 0.82 CalRadius of ogival arc 2.00 caiTotal length 1.12 cal

Length: Shell (body and closing plug) 2.35 c&lhell and fuze 3.47 cal

4. Physical characteristics.

Soell Weight CG toLot Dwg 75-2-353 Base Inertia - lb. inNo. Rev - Date lb cal - Transerse

PA-E-T45-187 -- 24 Oct 44 2.71 1.353 2.20 10.42MG-i 1 - 3 Mar45 2.70 1.269 2.006 9.756GR-2X 2 - 6 May 45 2.75 (Standard)

3

S * ,' 5.* -...- 5

RIM 3?4407 DLLIST1 AND EC1NEERIKC, DATA

nZZLR AUM= DATA

Theoretical yaw-in bore - 5

S. Theor*a yaw in bore.

Minimm 5.3 mztuMaximam 9.0 min

SECTI TV

EXTERIOR BALLIT DATA

Pa. graphAerodyaite ,data 6

Firng table data -

S6. Aeroym data.

a. D i The form factors relative to Projectile Type 1 that are tabulated here were determined

from observed times of flight.

Shen Form Velocity Drag Coefficte&tLot Factor fpsFl.i I Muzzl-e Mean tat gue v@T)

MG-1 0.982 1200 956 ,218

GR-2X 1.05 100 10..4 .233

b. Sta'iity. Ballistic Restrch Laborory Memorandum Report No. 346D and letter APG474.1/165 give the stability factors and mo.,at coefflcieT; of two lots of shell whose interior dimensions

wcre different (see par. 4 for t"etr phycc7'I caaxatertstics).

Mze Twixtn: of St'ilzty Moment;c RD .Factor ____f__ent

-- y14 CcalftcientN .. fps 2" " M

PA-E-T45-18 l200 l/>. i20i 1.53MG-i 1215 130 1.7, 1.15

4.

FOR SHiELL HEAT 57-MKMW 8"JO SlU 7~.130

7. ivf taibis W16a riT 62- (ab.rW&Aed).

RUle, 57-mm, M18. Twist Pd rling: j30. )mzzle velocity: 120 fps. OCM items 27443 and 2073

recommended and approved stadardization of the HEAT S ell M30'.

a. Form favtor &YA ballUsU caflfie n. The following form factor and balListic coefficient re-

lative to Projectile Type 1 apply to al elevations.

0.94-1CI 0.583

WIW 3.140?BALLLIrfl AND ENGINEERINQ DATA

it I+ !I i t

I * Ii

I tI tIt

t20ELi t . ... ....

-M * .HELL HEAT, 57-M. P307 RP-'LH 57.1-307

EVFECT DATA

Penetration - 8

a. P*netration. he average p;ntration o homcgeneous anzor .plate by 57-mm HEAT Shell M30

is 2.5 t-hes,

7

7

BR11H 60449A~I

Ba IUxti: Res earch Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.H&DbcxkLz of Ballisle and Aberdeen Prvrig Grond,Etgine .x Data fo Ardmun.t on, *sr-"

Noc. 60-. -49 3 March 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERW3N DATA

LforShel, HE, 60-mm, *49A2

withFuze, PID, M52A1

Section

General - -]-----------r. Descriptio-n--------- 2 -2 4

IrE Exterior ballistic data ------ 5 - 6

GEMNERAL

P - mse------------------------------------------

1. Purp'ose. The l~zpose 01 this number 01 the harn.,ok is to far'nisi a conicise coa ecticn of. tn-or-

mation regarding the sbap. dymznrE:a s and ballistis c the 60-mm High Explost-e Shel 149A2 V.th the

Point Detcn&na -F uze MBZ-7.: n-I s nfornation is cc2tcted irm the drawings, reports and firing t.a~lespertaining to thli ammunlticr.

w IjE I i3I

4

Pararns p

;7 IIetal

[s~ml Faran-au±ill

2. Drawins.

rut: ssmbl ad etisie 75-2-225

3.Dieaos. paI-. a-O -~~. 03)t ;mC70

of assemy, oartste 0..%6 -m!

F ze nPgthc rw~erpzll~a

Lenzgt: Shell. anrd f In assrernhly 3.03 Cal

4. PhysialJcaratrs:Xan ue .s5.

Wizt17rt isomandartOetter irzgn-t nsoxse iY~.nrznorse moeflc inerit1a X34 .tt

BRIA -47 uA;SMkND

Ae-rod-ynamic dim ------------a ---

FL-tig tabled=t -- - - - - - - - - - - - -

5.Aercdynanik data.

&tz' eci Dragyoftins ciuenr er -- T'

b. Mlom=nt coefflcjents. Z2sicRsrz rtrN 2 a, z:M14-,i- F,, - .r g-v- th =-v,zent ~ ~ -. ~ _

'n so vz- -f ev, cZa$-We -r.- '_-p :-J 2 -r=d mutZraiz:nC -- d' -'he.

yaw-c abctt -r at a ftuZZp 'relocctyd l 225 1r 's -.4 he nhiots TnrrpAM frs

,.J tp~~ .. "crA une aa v~cc:vd O~ fs&re sn -n

alp

A

5

I i<t 1

44i

4-1 4--

+t

~~T71

- ~-*i

-- iw*;l. j~:z:~.~ f;.K;:~K

4 Aj I .. 4 _ _ 4-4-,C

i: i m

L iL Y ~ li.i 7LH _ _- I- -

___ i~IliJ~: LL L it4-4*

BPLH 60.1-49 BAWLSU C AND ENCINEERING DATA6

)

6. Firing table ta. FT 8C-A-3 and FT 60-A-4 (abridged). Mortar, 60-mm, M12 and M19. Smooth

bore. Muzzle loaduig. Projectile weight: 2.96 1b. OCM items 14517 and 14617 recommended and approved

standardizationof the HE Shell IA49 with the PD Fuze M49. OCMitem 15196 classifled the HE Shell M49A1

(steel uistead of cast iron)witb the PD Fuze M52 as standard for limited procurement. OCM items 16026 and

16122 recommended and approved standardization of the HE Shell M49A2.

a. Form factors and ballistic coefficients. The following form factors and ballistic coefficients

relative to Projectile Type 1 apply to all elevations.

Charge Muzzle Form 32,listicVelocity Factor 2oefficient

No. fps r 1 -

0 189 .62 .8501 292 .73 .7302 377 .78 .6803 449 .81 .6584 518 .82 .650

)}

FOR SHELL. HF- WMK M49AZ BRLH 60-1-496

00044-W I -1 -1 ;-4-T-M

I I r-T-FT

00 1 f i l l

1 I 71.r1 44-1-4 1.4

. X

4., 4AI

-1 L q- --+ - I -i. I,-4- fill

41 Q-1-4-. - - 4+- 18

-T

IfIi .4-4fil .-r

1:9 1 1I

1. I M fit II I I I f

A-

t, 14 1- i-; t+

W 4 8t

t

f)3C1-NOj1VA3'13It

r

.0

BRLH M -49 BALUSIC AND ENGINEERING DATA6

o

ft4t ft' t t 'if jI ~ 'L * .. 4.

77.;

T- I f4 1- 1" 4

-44 r~ H - 1

U))

0

2

LL

II

BRLH 601-3I

Ballistic Research Laborat-ries Ballistic Pesearch Lab.Handbook of Ballistic and Aberdeen Proving Ground,Engireering Data for Ammunition, Maryland.No. 60-1-83 4 March 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

for

Shell, Illuminating, 60-mm, M83AIwith

Fuze, Time, M65A!

SectionI General ---------- 1

tI Description -.-...... - 2 - 4

II Exterior ballistic data - - 5 - 6

1 ! Effect data - -- - - - --- 7

SECTION I

GENERAL

Purpose .......- .... .... ...- .- .--------------------- 1

1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnis, a concise collection of infor-mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 60-mm lluminatirg Shell M83A1 with theTime Fuze M65A. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, firing table and firing recordspertaining to this ammunition.

S"M Wto BALJJSTIC AND EWNEM DATA

UU

FO HILL ILLUMNATING, 60-?,4 M83AI BRLH 601.1832-4

ParaEraph

Drawings .......- ...... .....- .-.-------------------- 2Dimensions --- -3------------ -- -- -- --- -- -- ---Physical characteristics .....--- ...-.-.-------- - --------- - 4

2. DrawUW~.Shell: Body and loading assembly 75-14-350

Details 75-2-316Fins: Assembly and details 75-2-285Fuze: Assembly 73-3-177

Details 73-3-178,179 and 180Complete round: Assembly and marking diagram 75-1-143

3. Dimensions.

Fins: Number 8Length 0.80 calLength of assembly (outside) 0.91 cal

Body: Rear cylindrical part 0.7 calConical palrt 1.1 CalFront cylindrical part 2.95 calTotal length 4.25 cal

Fuze: Length (outside) 0.87 cal

Length: Body ard fin assembly 5.18 calBody, fin assembly, and fuze 6.03 cal

4. Physical characteristics.

Weight (standard) 3.77 lb

3UUM.!3 L AND NEENW.1 DATA

SE'IICM M

UTW K BALLUTJ DATA

eodynmcaa------------------------------------A "eL(ziywmhc dea85Ftrig ta-le d------------------- --------- 6

S. Aooyml MR The bellistlte coefficient of a 3.7-1lb Illuminating Shell M L. -tiv;e to

Projectile Type 1, determined at the lowest elevdon used in the range firings with each prt plltng charge,

ad the oorrespowYWC form factor ad dr coeficient are tulated below.

Muzzle Elevation Ballistic Form DragCoefficient Factor Coefficient

"1 KD

315 60 3 201 .177377 50 .32! 2.11 .18043 45 .32e 2.12 .176

L W okea &. FT a0-G-1 a-t*,-d)

Mortar, 6}-mm, IG and IM. Smooth bize. lMizle loading. Profectile weight: 3.70 lb. 0."M items

18031 and 18110 recommaMded ad approved sta iedlzationf the fl umJ,.' , Shell M83 (propelled by 4

inrements of U.4 powder) with Time ?rae M85, which bmris for aout 15 usc.

OCM Item 2018 desipaaed this pojecti the Ulum ittg Shell M63A1 when propelled by 4 in-

crements of M pder. OCM Item 3159 reabaAftid thew projectiles as limited standard.

MR SHELL ILLUMNAMM 60.MK MAt BRIA 60-1436

2

a-FORM-FACTOR- ELEWOON CURVES i TYPE I +HIf I _L I If

Piz, I+ T4

l i l t f i t

I If 'T - tillI I I

I Lv: LCMME4:MV430FPS._FTTj16: 1 M- 1 FTT I

It fill3 &W 377 Till[Ill. 41"+ Ill K.- COM 2: MV315FPS LrL+

I I II I

++_1

45 50 as so 65I I I I I I i i i 1 1 1 11 t i l l f 1 1 1 1 1 1 '. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I i f i l l I ! I t i t l i l i l t I I ! I i f I I 1 f l ' I l l l I I t o

I I I I I I I I I I I I if;.l I - .I l l I I f I f I f : 1 1 ; 1 1 1 .-fill

t o I f

rf4:- 11 111 1111144+

iet.Lusnc coummw- ELVATION CURVES(PROJ TYPE 1) 414 ..........

I Lt

40 fit .14 ..1, . i i -1 1 1A+

fit_c

__t__ - 444

MT 4 1t -I

if.__ - . -i 1 1 , : Lfl

4 -3 . J-1-1, - ..-t-t-r 11 +p! _; ELEVATIMA i HI tj i I I... t .1

5 50 55 60 Or. 70

BALWKfl AND ENNERNC DATA

MLr 604*

'i d; * IT

4- IfLI., T

1 ~ 4 +1 F++i 2.

HCIZNTLRIG I YAD I~ I

700 I 0 I0 10001,0

I if i t I i I tI t I

if0

FOR SHELL. ILUWNAIING 60.MM ?483A! BRLH- 60.1-836

IdHEIGHT OF BUIRST- HORIZONTAL RANGE CURVES T-

1-14'1hi 41J

II j. -p.........

120UKR E1 V43 P

177

Mt -MW.3 SALIUS AND EKXT-J.NG ATA7

TIM rI

EFFECT DATAh- - ---- ---- ----- - -- -- 77. U Aftenr about 15 scond-, the ftie reieases the candle, whtch is .rried by a

pradwte. Tn the ftrflvC te9ft of the Illumtnating Sell IM3A1, the candles burned from 25 to 31 second&

IL]

6]

SRU - YO0i i

I ~ ~~~allistic ResearchLaboratories ~1s eer ~oHpinibck of I~allistic and Ab %ee ri "an..

Eng' weriz-9 Data fo- Ammln-f, RtardiyelP-%"gGrur

No. &M--3 2 '7 i;4

ALIICAND ENGRIEF-a-G DATA

Shell~, Sm~oke MVp.8-n-,?302

Fuze, PD, 1482

Section

Creneral-I-- -- -- -- --

17. Descriptivon -------- 2 -4

Hl I Exterior baliistic data -

IV Effee. dzta-- -- -- ----- 7

SEfLMON I

GENERLAL

1. Purpose. 7Me Prpose- Of this =mber of the barzdbOck ts tO fUrnish a cconcis" :ole tc n-

rnaton re-garding the srnape, dynaxics, baU,,- ics and eif et!_s -.f the T-mmr Smn~ke (TWh.te c;*nC-v -s' She:.MI'wL!ti~e Point Detonating Fuze M82-. -a-s W~rattOn ts co~ected from the ±.-awi gs, repcrts, an3

"I~gtab.Zs perainling to this a,-.1lunition.

MU-I "1.302 3AJ!."j~jr AND YtI NTNWU'- DIATA

2.52

ww

InI

4c

FOR SHELL SMOKE (WP). 60-MM. M302 BRLHI 60.1.3022-4

SECTION I

DESCRITPTION

Paragraph

Drawings- -- --- ------- ------ ------- --------- 2Dimensions- -- --- ------- ------- ------- ------ 3Physical characteristics- -- ---- ------- ------- ------ 4

2. Drawings.

Shell: Metal parts assembly 75-2-360Fins: Assembly and details 75-2-285Fuze: Assembly 73-1-195

Details 73-1-163,196 etc.Complete round: Assembly and marking diagram 75-1-218

3. Dimensions.

Fins: Number 8Length 0.80 calLength of assembly A(outside) 0.91 cal

Shell: Ogivo-conical boattail 0.98 calBoattail to 'bourrelet 1.09 calBourrelet 0.42 calBody 2.49 calAdapter 0.25 ca)Total length 2.74 cal

Fuze: Length (outside?) 1.00 Cal

Length: Shell and fin assembly 3.65 calShell, fin assembly, and fuze 4.85 cal

4. Physical characteristics.

Weight (standard) 3.98 lbWeight without safety wire and propellant 3.95 lb

ZA! 60-1-33 B, "TIC AND ENGNEEING DATA5.6 .

SECTINI m

EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

Paragraph

Aerodynamic data ......- ... .. .-. ..- -.------------------ 5Flring table data .......-... ... ...-.-- --------------- 6

5. Aerodynamic data. The following values of the drag coefficient were determined from the form

factor given in paragraph 6a.

Muzzle Velocit) Drag Coefficient-fps KD

156 .086244 .083316 .079380 .077439 .075

6. Frtln table data. FT 60-F-i.

Mortar, 60-mm, M2 and M19. Smooth bore. Muzzle loading. Projectile weight: 3 98 lb. OCM items

2N23 and 26708 recommended and approved standardization of the 60-mm WP Smoke Shell 302 with the

PD Fuze M82.a. Form factor and baillatic coefflelent The following form factor and ballistic coefficient .irtve

to Projectile Type 1 apply to all elevations and muzzle velocities.

1 1 0.905

- C. 0.788

44

4

FOR SHELL SMOKE V(WP). 60-MMK M302 BRU-I 60-1-3026

4 ~S... .. ... i~-

... ..... .............

-4 1t 1 81~~~1.X A~*i~

~vqt.~J

4-i

4i d~l~ -NIV3_f

* ilt

FOR SHELL SMOKE MTP), 60-MMK M302 BP.LH 60.1-3026

~Ihr ;14- - 00. -18

Ti-4

J-j _.1

BRi IM6-302 BALLISTI AND ENGINEERING DATA6

-42.z -i--I

4-, 4i-r 11+ j

F14 it II r T 46

173

FOR SHELL SMOKE (WP)j 60-MM. ?302 BRLH 60.1.3027

SECTION WV

EFFECT DATA

Paragraph

White Phosphorus ......- ... .. .-. ..--.------------------ 7

7. White Phosphorus. 'White Phosphorus (WP) is a pale yellow solid which burns to white smoke inaLr. The smoke persists for 10 minutes and has the same odor as burning matches. The burning piecesadhere to the skin and clothing; they should be washed with copper sulfate solution or immersed in water.%VP is used to screen advancing troops, to start fires, and to harass enemy observers.

BRLH M1~I41

Ballistic Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.Handookof alliticRndAberdeen Proving Ground,KEngineering Data for Ammunition, Mvaryland.

No. 75-1-41 7 March 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATAfor

Shell, HE, 75-mm, M41A1

Fuzes, PD, M48A2, and TSQ, M54

Section Paragraphs

I General -- -- -- -- ----- 1

11 Descript' n- -- -- -- --- 2-4III Interior ballistic data - - - 5 - 6

VI Exterior ballistic data -- - 7 -8

SECTION!I

GENERAL

Purpose -- -- -- - -- - -- -- - - -- - -- -- - -- -- - - ----- 1

1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-

mation regarding the shape, dynamics and ballistics of the 75-mm High Ex~plosive Shell M41I with the

Point Detonating Fuze M48A2 and the Time and Super-quick Fuze M454. This information is collected fromthe drawings, reports and firing tables pertaining to this ammun~tion.

BRL~i 75.1.41 BAWLSM1 AND ENOWNFN DATA

I~c

?J

FOR SHELL HE, 75-?4. M41AI BRLH 75.1A12.4

SECTION 1i

DESCRIPTION

Paragraph

D raw ings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2D im ensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Physical characteristics .....- .... ...-...-...--------------- 4

2. Drawings.

Shell: Metal parts assembly, marking diagramand details 75-2-25§

Booster M20: Assembly 73-2-112Fuze, PD, M48A2: Assembly 73-2-140

Details 73-2-143, etc.Fuze, TS7 , M54: Assembly 73-3-i54

Details 73-3-15, 157, 158, 159, 160

3. Dimensions.

Boattail: Angle 7*30'Length 0.486 cal

Band: Distance from boattaU 0.273 calDistance from base 0.759 calWidth 0.163 cal

Cylindrical body: Length 1.712 cal

Ogive: Length 1.077 cal

Radius of arc 6.194 cal

Fuze: Outside length 1.266 cal

Length: Shell 3.281 calShell and Fuze 4.547 calOgive and Fuze 2.343 cal

4. Physical characteristics.

Mesn weight: Zone 1 13.8 1bZone 2 (standard) 13.9 lbZone 3 14.2 lb

Axial moment of inertia (estimated) 0.118 lb. ffTransverse moment cf inertia (est.) 1.09 b. ft

3

M93U75."t BALLSTIC AND ENCLNWUNG DATA

SECTI ON'S

-707

+39 4

+34 +284

AXES OF RESULTANT STRESS

DIAGRAM OF RESULTANT STRESSES

4

FOR SWL. HE 71.5A M41A) BRI. 75.1.415.6

5EC"r0OI IT!

MLTRIOR BALLISTM DATA

arag raphStresses -------------------------------- 5

Theoretical yaw in bore - ......................

5. Stresses. 7he folloing table ad the graphical representation on page 4 show the longitudinal,

radlai and tangentia stress at each of Ciree sections: (A) the rear corner of the band seat, (B) the front

of the band seat, and (C) Immediately behind the bourrelet.

Howitzer 75-m MI, MIA1, M' and M3Twist of rifling 1/20Cross-sectional area of bore 7.0043 sq in.Rated maximum pressure 29,000 psiTotal weight of projecttle 13.90 lbMuzzle velocity 1,270 fpsDensity of filler (TNT) 0.057 lb per cu in.

Resultant Stress' SectionT~TI%_5 A B C

LongitudInal - 180 - 490 - 422Radial + 405 + 39 + 47Tanential - 707 +342 +284

* + denotes tension, - denotes compression-

6. 'Theoretical yaw i bore.

MInmum 13.6 mirM a~xium 18.? min

8RL4 7S141 BALLUSTC AND F.4NEERING DATA

7.8

SECTION IV

EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

ParagraphAerodynamic data ......- ... .. .-. ..- -.------------------ 7Ftring table data- ......- ... .. .-. ..- -.------------------ 8

7. Aerodynamic data. The trajectories for the 75-mm Howitzers were based on the G. drag !undion,-

with balistic coefficients determined from range firings (see par. 8b). The extrapolated values of the

ballistic coefficient at zero elevation and the corresponding form factors and drag coefficients are tabulated

below.

Muzzle Ballistic Form DragVelocity Coefficient Factor Coefficientfps 02 2 KD

705 1.964 .81 .057820 1.886 .85 .056965 1.830 .87 .059

1270 1.714 .93 .149

3. Firing tabe dta. FT 75-1-4.

Howitzer, 75-mm, UIAI, M2 and M3. Twist off rtIlIW. 1/20. OCM items 15194 and 15278 recom- )

mended and approved reclas-Ifying the HE Shell M4lAI as substitute standard fer the Howitzers.

8)

T

FOR SHELL HE 75-W M41AI BRLH 75-141

7--FORM FACTOR - ELEVATION CURVES

(PROJ TYPE 2)

I T T

vt tf I

t- T

41270

I P

lot

01T!

-T +

Lor 4- 44-4- 4_

V T

_LL 20

P. 4 T 11 T

+4-1 4I + 1 4

j- ol+

-i + Tv-T'";LT T

ifdr .441

-CHARGE+ 7 4 a.

MV- FPS Hf I I

J:+

to +

-FT i I V_4 _._T 4--t-4-ELEVATIOri-VALS

.7AM 400 600 800 1000 1200

7

NpJJ 75-41 lWJJ1fl AND LW~aNEERMN DATA

r- hS~ALUSTIC G FMEG - &EEVATION CURVES(PROJ TYPE 2) f+ III

fit

!I. J-I~ +f W104 ZO 40 t 0 8 1.0 J-0

40

844

FOP SHELL H4E. 75-M!4 MJIAI Rj} 71L S

E L EM7% ANr-EC

_______ - - ---- QIAGE W)XRPANGE'-YDS :z.

~GHA rL' 2 z~ a 4225254 30 *

A.~a 3 7020 >

100--_

"'It_ -' 1;

1wI zi -U.----

.4 j--f

t 4- -.---

20(X 400 600 eo or, '0000

&UM 75-1-IlBALUS1C AND ENGNEM~NIG DATA

I0 AGEO FL AG

fill____LI fL__ _ -

Ill 4

8200

FOR SHELL. HE. 75-MM M41AI BRLH 75.1-41

elTERMINAL VELOCITY-RANGE CURVES -4d130I M

1100 4-

T+

1100w 4-

r #V,-10001 Itz

W-II

-N. 4-

4- -4Ilk +

1 127090C I I I I LJ I t-F

Boo T -t i I

3 2.7965

I r-t- ta?. 0

4 4,, Tr t-L-4 . j.

T 41 J_; 1

_TT _14 J

600-71

I Ij

CHARGE 4

MV -FPS 705

RANGE500L YARDS'

0 2000 4000 6000 Soov 10000

BRLW 75-141 BALUS'nC AND ENGINUANG DATA

f.TIME 0 F FLIGHT RA NGE C URVE S-J

-14+- .-- 44-1-.4-4 1.1-!+

4

-r- 14+ r

3

1 1, 1 1ORA i fitRGE40 Wi- F" 705-- T

It f I I ILLr s i ll I I.4 I f i f

30

U.

ou

0 PO

T

4

00 t Mit 4 f1i 14t - -14V tjI tul10 114 4-

f4-j-4,

.! ,-4 t1 t t RANGE - YARDS T0 1 4

1) 2000 4000 $000 9000 10000

FOR SHELL HE. 75.MMK M41I BL475i4

MV-FPST 75- 8AN0 965..S

II L

I f i t

BR475 -41 BALLIMTC AND) ENWdNEMICN DATA

I _;

t

144

'OR SHELL HE, 75-1141 M41AI BRLH 75-1-418

(AVERAGE FOR_+I MIL AN GLE OF SITE) ~ U

ELVAIN ANGLE OF COMPLEMENTARYSIT E ANOF SITE

HIHIII

CHRG 11 pf I

OPN 5-41BAUJS1I AND ENCINEMJNG DATA

ItI

-FPS~' ?0't'i2

Io -M -±2 -t-r

181

I I I~

4-

FORSHEL. E.75-MMK M41AI RH714

MRANGE EFFECT OF I FPS INCREASE INJfSMUZZLE VELOCITY-T ~

qT T +

44 i. 4 . _t-

4-~ RA-YADS1:!

0 200 400 600 000 00+

It

IT

rp 75.4 BALLMIC AND ENrINEEIN DATA

EI TFTT-Fr l NaW IN .L

(59OF IS STANDARD)

.14

- 41 -- L t

i-H -L4

I A

I..I

181IIt L

FOR SHELL 14E. 75-MM. M,4IAI BRLH 754.41

aJ

16~

4-4-

~ 7052-j~ 2 ~4-1270-

+1-i i-i- ~ .11_14

0 200 000 $00 aoo 10+

fit

JXUA 75-4-41 RAIUSTIC AND ENGINEERIM, DATA

ANGE EFFECT OF 1% INCREASE IN AR DENSITYI 1 1 1 -Z l i f t . I-LU (100% IS STANDA

I I I f i t i f 1 1I I I t i l l #

I-tr-

x IN I-ACHARGE IMV-FPS 705

loll lfliiflr-L -1:1-

2

I

3loll 9 65 Iiii fit IIF r

-H -i" - -1 1&- -4444 4

4Tt tIH- I

w m; -i T-

1 At 4: -41w 4I 1 114 H4-

1-14 1- - I-Vid 127+

4j -,T t-30

-V 4-1 TZ.-7 771-.-M-J- .4

RANCA YARDS H

2000 4M acw Bow 10000

20

BR1.L 75.1

I

Ballistic Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.Handbook of Ballistic and Aberdeen Proving Ground,Engineering Data for Ammnitlon, Mryland.No. '!5-1-48 10 March 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

for

Shell, HE, 75-mm, M48,and M48E2

with

Fuzes, %?T, M43; PD, M48A2, M51A4 and M57;

TS, M54 and M55A3; CP, M78; and VT, M97A1 and T73

Section Paragraphs

I General - -1----------I

Ii Description - --------- 2 - 4

M Interior ballistic data ---- - 5 - 6

IV Exterior ballistic data - - - 7 - 10

V EfIect data -- ---------- -14

SECTION I

GENERAL

REarap

Purpose - ---- -- ---- --- ---- --- ----------- 1

1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of inisr-

mauon regarding the shape, dynamics, baltstid s and effects of the ?5-mm High Explosive Shell M4e with the

Mechan zal Time Fuze M43, the Point Detonating Fuzes M48A2, M51A4 and M57, the Time and Super-quick

Fuzes M54 and M55A3, the Concrete Piercing Faze M'?8, and the Vaxiable Time Fuze M9?AI. It also includf

some data regarding the experlanenta. High Exrlosive .ell M48E2 and Variable Time F.e T'?3. This inf:r-

mat,orn ,s coilected fzorn tne drawings, reports, firing taoies, and technical manuals pertaining tc this an-m-

tion

arm M-4 RAJ.LS71C ANO ENGINFEXM DATA

ALI DIMENSIONS IN CAUiBERSI CALz 2.53"

-9- 2.45 -

I I

9 I

SHELL, HE, 75-MM, M48FUZE, M4A2

4.69.4129- 2.08

I_ IL I= . ... 3~.79 - S --

,SHELL, HE, 75-MM, M48FUZE, OP MI

2

FOR SHELL mE 71M1 MS -LL 75-1-0-2-3

Dim.ensions - 3Physical cha-racteristics ------------------------ 4

2. Dra-wLnj.

Shell MO.- Meta parts a-ssembly, marking diagramand details 7--

Booster MX: Assembly 73-2-1 2

Booster M21A4: Assembly 73-2-154

Fine, MT, M43: Assembly7-7

Fac. PD. M4SA2: Ass-embly 73-2 -14(0Details 73-2-143, etc.

Details u3-2-143, fltc.Me. a .15: Assebly and det-a~s 713 -2p-

Details 734-2-129

Fin2e, m1q. MN4: Asse-mbly 7-13- 15473-3-158 I57, 1w6 ise, 160

:Fue, TS.MSS6i: Assembly and deafr 7..3 5(The Booster M21.A4 and !he TOFine U5( azreceiposents off the TSQ Fuse M&W2)1

,CP, MW6: S&dy assembly.- and edetailIs 32". 4

Boalail: AnglerCO.gt Q4Q9

Band. D-istance from beattat!- 0.2c; -

ritct,-e from baseOJ i-n L2. .3

uv Ulf. ady f2 n:hifla2a

C-gwoe: Lengir:.haPad'=s of arc '~

Srteli; uritized: LenrC

urs

flI M148-.4- BALUSTC ANU ENC4NEFMRMN DATA

/

Fuze, C03, M'78: Cutstde length 0.90 calRadius of arc 2.71 calShell and Fuze 4.69 calOgive and Fuze 2.08 cZl

~t 1charaetr'islics.

Faze Mean Weigh- (4 Base to Moments of pertiaZone Center of (lb.ft )

2 3 Gravity V Transerse_(Standard% (cal)

MT 14.40 14.70 15.00 2.043 0.1260 1.523PD 14.40 14.70 15.00 2.03? 0.1259 1,495TaQ 14.40 14."D 15.00CP 15.12 15.42 15.72VT 14.65 14.95 15.25

SECTION M

ITURKR BALLWIC DATA

Paragraph

*Strewff -- -- -- -- -- -- - - -- - - -- - -- -- - - -----.heoredcal yaw In bore .....--- ...-.-.-------- - --------- - 6

5L 3w.fion. The following table d the graphical representation on page 5 show the lonitudina±,

radial and tangential stress at each of two sections: (A) the rear corner of the band so-at and (B) the front

-f the band seat.

Gun 75-ram, M1897AlTwist of rifling 1/25.586

Cross--ectioml area of bore 6.967 sq '.a,Eateimaitmum pressure 36,000 psiTotal. weight of projectile 14.70 lbFIzzle velocity 1,950 fpsDens 4- of filler 0.057 lb per cu in.

Resultant Stress* SectionRU -psi A B

Longitudinal - 203 - 410Radial +326 - 15Tangertial •605 + 438

+ deaotes tension, - denotes compression.

TL. T*a yaw in be-e.

MljM;aun 9 mIM aMxum 13 mtn

N4

FOR S,,EI.L HE. 75-MM, M48 BRLH 75.!485

AB

_ -7

SECTIONSA -605

+326

-203-4 -4108-- 45

/- 436

LONGITUDINAL r.

AXES OF RESULTANT STRESS

DIAGRAM OF RESULTANT STRESSES

N5

BIW.J-I 75.1..4,8 BALlISTI AND ENUNEE.NG DATA7

SECTION W

EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

Paragraph

Aerodynamic data ......- ..... ...-. ..--.----------------- 7Firing table data: Howitzers .....--- . ..-.---------------- - 8FUring table data: Tank Guns ....- -- ...-.-.------- --------- - 9Firing table data: Aircraft Guns - ---- - - - - - - - - -- -- --- 10

7. Aerodynamic data.

a. Lou of spin. Ballistic Research Laboratory Memorandum Report No. 297, "Spin Imparted

by 75-mm Gun Tl3E1", gives data obtained by means of a radio spin sonde from five inert M48 Shell with

a dummy fuze that has the same contour as the PD Fuze M48A2, fired from 75-mm Guns T13E1 with special

tubes that have a French form of rifling with a twist of 1/22. The average muzzle velocity was 2014 fps.

Below are average data for times of flight from 1 to 18 seconds:

Reynolds' number, based on the translationalvelocity and the caliber of the shell and thekinematic viscosity oi the air 2.30x10

Axial couple coefficient, KA 0.00587

Skin friction drag coefficient, C9F 0.00175

b. Stadlity. The "Report on Stability Firing with 75-mm T3 Shell Fitted with M39A2 PD and

T12 Mechanical Time Fuze:e (Ordnance Program 4982, Technical Staff Test Program 1932-685) gives dataon stability for the Shell M48 (T3) with the MT Fuze M43 (T12) at muzzle velocities of 905, 1113, 1479, and2190 fps. The report on "Stability and Damping of 75-mm HE Shell M48 (Ballistic Research Laboratory

Memorandum Report No. 203) gives data on stability for the Shell M48 with the MT Fuze M43A3 and the

PD Fuze M48 at a muzzle velocity of about 1950 fps. The stability firings were done with the 75-mm Gun

M1920 MVI No. 1, which was rifled with a twist of 1/25, and a modified Aircraft Gun M4 with a tWist of 1/22.

The twist of rifling is 1/20 for the 75-mm Howitzers, 1/22 for the Aircraft Guns M5AI and M00, and 1/25.586

(corresponding to an aLgle of 7) for the Tank Guns M3, M6 and )17 and the Antiaircraft Guns Te and T2.

69 I

FOR SHELL H E. 75-MM. M48 H3RLH- 75-487

P14 )STABILITY FACTOR - MACH NUMBER PLcIIFZE D 4

4+~

I

=7 -17UEMI4

nu F

BRLH ;5 1.48 BALLSTIC AND ENGINEERIN DATA

IIDRAG~E75 COFFCINT MACH NUMBER PLDT -14

44 SHELLI H5-mM .. a; FUZE,CPD, 7PI

SEL;HEL, 75-MM M48; UE,TJ 3

fill 1.5 I . 2I ID 3.5 r- 1-

filPIPTTP

80M, 8 UZOh5I 'E .IfI1

FOR SHELL HE 75-MM. M48 BRL-i 75-.1487,8

d. Damping. The damping of the M48 Shell was observed in connection with the stability firings at

1950 fps. The average values of the sum of the yawing moment damping factor f and the cross wind force

damping factor K are tabulated below.

Fuze f + K Probable Error

MT, M43A3 2.82 0.49PD M48 5.00 1.08Both 3.76 0.77

8. Fiing table datax Howitzers. FT 75-1-4 with C5.

Howitzers, 75-mm, M1A1, M2 and M3. Twist of rifling: 1/20. OCM items 15055 and 15132 recom-

mended and approved standardization of the HE Shell M48 for use in the Field Gun. OCM items 15194 and

15278 recommenaed and approved standardization of the HE Shell M48 for use in the Howitzer.

/9

i°9

Y - -. ' I ¢ -" . . . . ... _ _ , I - - . : . . .. . ...

BALUSMIC AND MUNEEM.W.1 DATA

l i f t I .... ..1 . 1 1 .. .... ...If I &FOW FACTOR- ELEVATION CURVES

(PROJ TYPE 2)f I I T-

f I lilt if i lilt Lf - [IT7__+H!J±

I f I I I I I I

'T-M I

130T U

44

CHA GE IMV- PS 7

Lac if f i l l I I

281

ug M

.1 L +

-A Ii

4

950' -if f-4- 4Z

CHARIGGE I L IA4,MV-FPS 700 V It t

X I r I 4 4L PT I+ t -,1,1250 - _ t, 4_4

-4-L

i4_rELEVAM. 111-M T

Tew 400 SIMI 800 1000 1200 14'"00

FOR SHEUL HE 75.MM.M4 BRLH- 75.-4*

2204' i L

ITmbBLITCCEOEN L)nNCRE

HII

tol200 ~ oIrt 4 ii ~

L 0 1

BRU4 75.1-48 BALUSTIC AND ENMNEFAM DATA

e.ELEVATION- RANGE GuRVESM I I I filli f i f I I i f.- _ 11 Ill Iif

TrTTIT

)III, flit

J_ Ifilit

400 CHARGE 1 2 a 3 4 JVV-FPS 70D 810I Ati i--Llif, 1-1 FT CHARGE MAX RANGE

if 4195YDS5350YDS

3 MOYDSif 1 0 1 11. 1., If If 1 4 962DYDSI I I k 1 1 N I I N I I I I I

4H 4- rr-

if. I

-L X I I I R,

I I 1 1% 1 1 c I I

A I I

I t I

L

ISM I I V&I I A I

w

4W

I I vI A

r-T, T

+ 4 T--L 4

zoc

LIt

1+ -

_T UKRANGE -Yims

zm Wim a" 10OW

FOR SHELL HE. 75.lM? M48 BRUI 75-1-488

120 i ____I _

~~~ Tf _ __ __

414

44-1 1 1 Ill I I0

BRW 75-146 MUM= AND E14MSMNG DATA

e.TERMINAL VELOCITY- RANGE CURVESft f i I I # ........ , 1 - 111

41

I Ftf 4 + 41I

14if i ! ! I I II -

if tit tit4- -t-T

Izoo

f

4

100c I If+ !Il l l i l t f f-1 1 F I.. f j

I I i f i

1250---4I f I I I I I

f i l l i I4 950 Fill I I lilt I I

it81 i T-1 -Hit 44If F I

CHARM

IF I _L

l i l t t l I

lit

FT_

rt

-H -200 - W_

44

T-T -T 17 _144F 4 L4+

_L' L2ow 4000 6000 8000 10000

14

FOR SPUL HE. 75.MK M46 BRLH 75-148

UIME OF FUGHT- RANGE CURVESIf H4 i:f i t ! f i t. ..... . ..... fi I t l l i I f i

H-1,.. ...... .. ..

H 4+ F P', r-7-t I

-Till i 1 .444-A I I 1 1 ;

t-T'- TSIC

-T-r

-r-r-i f l i -I l l f i t

-it

-T-f 610I I IN

404+i

I T_ _FTCNIARM I willMV- r PS

1 1 1 A

I V! I

I 7TF

vi 4

20 4-tL 44-

T-tt -- T L+

1 44 - 4

10 -

1 14 Lai-4-r + A-1.

I t 1

t i4 ;-_ , . 4R N SE - YAR. DS

00 P-C.00 4000 6000 6000 V01000,

5~JJ4 7~P4U-M5-11C AND ONC1NEMEW, DATA

120 M S 3 T~ 4 gOI-AG UIE

62FTO 3 50 i *,4

I f

wO 4 FE O1 ~4UTr 1 LWN

-4-4-- - -

,- . ** * .. * I -'

~y I~ff

16m

FOR SHELL HF. 75. M N444 PLH 15-1-46

£-iqwzzzT.: LGOMPLEMENTARY ANGLE OFSrTE.(AVERAGE MR!_ i MIL ANGLE OF SITE) .

I T tI & - S

a++ -- -...... . - -4 +-- ---I - -- ' .++ --J- .--.-.a ..- a. -a---;-.a--.-a - ,- - . . .. --

HIG I

• + - + : .+- .. . --- a-

L2ZZZIZZZ . .. ------.rV---j-----U--F. -- -- --r-

- -•t - OF "'"4~~KAR

+ .+SITE- I - -... a . . . HIGH ______-__--_

-+ ' I*a

---...... .. .HIGH I -- TT

I j _I-_ _ _ _ _ _ -H+ +tH - -

i,,--,,-.- : + - - ° ,- .**-.---:• --- - --- 4--a

: '-- !,-" S"O- t" +-- -- " _.... - _ _.- j

4-:

CLT

,,a.-...+ - -a--..-----.- .---a- .-.- . . ~ - -. . _ _ . ..... .. _._+ _I • -+; --. -+ .- _-___________,___________ - ,- __+ , __+ ._:+ -

-, f- l , l _ CI-.C _ _ -- -4-*--- -- -- ----- - +

* _ I 1__ -T .V l _ : I

-rr--..,--- { +-t- ,4+r -aF7-ZZ , .__ . ,.__ ___{ -+++ "+ - -++- .+ - "! + ++ t+---- - I + +-~--- -~ ; - -- I-. "M- T--' a-- :

. ,+--- :, {. ..

II -,- ._-a--±,-,--.-. T3+E .343 wItr + + - -' a

---W -- '- --- ii+- .-. - i- ---- .+ -+ 1 . ... ._. ++ -

0zzlz 4 scrv 400-0 30 00

I -I l --

iA . . .L .. ---r+------------ ---------- -- - ... _+ /+ _- . .. . .. :_--_ -_ . . . . _---+ _ --

... ..+ . .. . -.-- ! - - iS ..... 4 + ...--. ._,, -a .a. .. a + -

9 - + 4.-. ... -a,+ '._a a .. . .. -- f-.. -....- ra.. - -L.-i ; - - a - " + - :

* ..-4 a .-.--. -- +-a a--. -, . ...-

i --- .. . ..., .,+ +..r+ _ _- "" + -," "" + '+. . . . . .

2000 400'"' 0" -- ' s"O-C- ) ,to"" o " o...

- +'+ .... +. -'- -. ,, .... I "" ~af . . . ., ' 1 . . . . . . .t,-. .+ , ++&. ++ ... ,.+ + + .. , ,. . + =.. + +. +.+ .+. + ++ _. . .. .. . + . ,

C . . . . ' - + + . .i . . : . . . . .I. . . . . .;. . . .N+ -- $ - _+ 2 +T . + - . .tr - +_2 :++' :4$-- +.= + __.::+:+

a- 4 +/- 4 ++ _- + .. . . + +. + . . . + + o . - . .

BRU?75--48BPLLISTC AND UNG[WNERANC DATA

XRASEEFECOF OE INCREASE IN WEICW OF PROJECTILEZONE 2,MARKED ++,IS STANDM)

I +

TI-

1 12 1.4.. t

1 -. . . ...

1+8

tF -~ =-rt'

FOR SHELL HE 75.M. M48 BRLH 75. 1-48

E EFFMOT OF I FPS "NfEASE IN PiZZLE VELOCITY

I I

4-'-4- , -

8119

- F- - - -- -

FOR SHELL HE 75-NUA M48 BRLH 75.1-48

ITYO"E EFFECT OF I FPS WCAEASE IN MUZZLE VELOC[fill It

-T-

-4

-- 4-4-

F

10HARGE 1 950-7- MV-F 1 1 1!I I 1 12 1 1'0 1 i rl I t I !Irl I I I

I ! f I II 1A

+

2 41250

4 T

w

-- --------

44-

-4-4-4-4-

It t

144. t 4 - - - - 4 .4- , I X4 4-i-

1 4 +

-4 4 1 r-4 I

T-I

fl RANGE - YAKDS 4A

0 4000 6= Mz 10000

mpw

BRLa 75-1-43 BALUSIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

I iif l l f I I I I I I I I r T -

LRANGE EFFECT C~F NCREASE IN AIR TEMPERATUREOW FIS S7NDARD)

I' l 1 I f i l I t I I

-1~ I __ __

0

FOR SHEU_ HE. 75.MK M48 BRLH 75-1488

T7NGE EFiFiE'G'T' H REAR WND

4-

I

14

T 7

4I-50H

IT I I I f

J-1-LL T

3rL4

I i7T

950_W

6- UU) -4r 1 1 , I I

10

4 14-T

titCHARGE 4- T-

MV-FPS700

tt,

+7T.

R4NGE YARoi.

0 2000 4000 Gooo 8000

BRtB 7-. BALUSI~fC AND ENINFUNG DATA

~~~RA(100%R _3_STANDARD

It 0 440 60 800 fil0II00i

i22

WINNE=

FOR SHELL HE. 75-MINt M48 BRLH 75.1-A8

o.SUMMITAL YAW

I I I

1;1 fill! f i t I f f

i t 1 1fit

CHARGE IMV FPS T

-t4--

-T = F.

Tso 14,

r-r-7T- 71J-11 i rT

itASSUMED KM L9 If It

T-17-I 1 1 1 .1

iZ bi

it

TI f I

4- T- 4If 1. 1.20 lit fill t Ill it

if

VI--4+15-

f-t

IfI !!if if

4AI T-.4-F, I 1 0

I I I it I I-I If

T--j 4 -L-LL-

I J

A -L-

41-1ELEVATION - MILS

900 1000 1100 ;200 1300 1400

I a , i 1: 111 1! :A !:!! I iM -M M-z-

BRLH 75-t-45 BALUJSTIC AND E 4NCINEEINC DATA~9

9. frMr t daCr Ta kGun. FT75-AY-1.

Guns, 75-mm, 14 (moumted in Medium Tank M4 and modification, Including Assault Tank M4A3EZ)

M6 and M17 (mounted in Light Tank M24). Twist of rifling: 1/25.586.

0CM items 16640 and 16741 recommended arid approved the use of the HE Shell M48 in the 75-mm

Tank Gun 12, which is now obsolete.

20

NS

-__- -4

N0

FOR SHE"L HE 75-MM. M43 BRLH 5-1-489

&ORM FACTOR - ELEVATION CURVES(O TYPE 2)

LII

II .74-4-4I

II

-r -IT-~

~mM 7-I.4~RLUS11C AND1 ENC4MNEEUN DATA9

LBALUSIMC COEFFICIENT - ELEVATION CURVES(PRO~J TYPE 2)

44 I- -I fL

ri-I

4- MVw 150 PIt It II RID DC A G

It* -4-- -

1~s FPS I3tOLA

II I I - * Ior *Jj II F I *i j

l i t,

I 1 -1A *it EOCDHA6

* If-l i

14 441

LI4-

SUECHM + I

I-4~I L~-±- LEVAT ON -~ W~ Us rw--40400 6W0 Boo

FOR SHELL HE 75..Y.K M48 BRLi 75-1-489

c-SLE-VATION -RANGE CURVES PD FUZES.% TSONORMAL %_1ARGE00 MLS)(Julvp MV 1520 FPS

-I i f i !T a

1+ 4- 41 4: J24;

I I T i I I I

700

PD FUZES a T 4SQCHARGE MARANGE

7 SUPER 13995 YDS6000 NORMAL 11285 YDS

6985IT- _T REDUCED 4- -I I If

444, H-,-'-L,4-4500PD FUZESaREDUCED CHARGEmv 960 FPS

_L _14

400

I TA

T _T_

30 0Pr) F1179 aTSQ> SUPERCHARGE

r .714 4 ... ... ... .20 rl-m

_4 4-

4-i

T

4

UP FUZE i4ERCHARGE it4

mv twFP_4- 1+; .. .... - 4

it R Afq GEE - YA RDS,0 P-000 44DOO 6000 8000 10000 12ow 10,000

27

BRLM- M5I-48 BAWSTJC AND E2NG1NEMRNC DATA

I I f

A TANJK GUNS

dANLEOF FALL -RANGE CURVES

I I II

I1I2 I I

it I I [ i

* TQ AND PD FUZS NOMA CHARGE

J- i I

IL 1

I tI

ISM1 REDUCEDG8AGE

A 41

400E~ 4000R~ ME x'o i~

4 _ -4- -4

FOR SHELL HEF. 75-. M48 BR, 75-1-489

TA.NK GUNS

* * ,;,4, .r CERMINAL VELOCITY RANGE CURVES ; -

, .,, ,r-t _+oiC4t414 .-J . r+..

*t H+-f-................... . ...... ... ., 4 - -+t- -i ..

i 4. 4 !, -

4. .I- . . -. -.

-,_,;i------- --_ _-. _, -4---

L ,'--' '' 2Z 1..,. r -

I,•ij ,kl' SUPERCIARGE I .+

--. 4I--, £..--- .-- ' -f-- , flF.

t -,. ! r+i ; i ! I L Li + !+'"-r- ; ......t•f-t

-f"+ '• ', m. +.++ .:PD) AND TSQ FUZES ,+"-+ ._.+r+ "'-

.. . -~T r -' , -

1 7 '4 r i-+• - - " " , -

I ykL

4. 4--.- I . +-.+,+[ + I. *--'tt' •

,.._ .... .. ..

''~1='' * ORMACAG

REDUCED MV150 l'

....... -RAE- YARDS

o 2000 4000 tA2100 SOW *OW0 120 14000

29

-i.4-4

~~13 ~ MIAJSUMC MND £~J~J DATA

KGIUNS_ - ~ T'I4 LLL t T AN __LIAAL

T 1 ME OF FLGT-RECRE

I-~4 * ,

I . V 4L q .JL

4-

if 11 ;it ED GHAE I ~.~ L 2

II

Ho4 1

L- -1 11 A

_ 44- a -

T~~+.r . .i-a .-

a a4~ ata

F,

RANGE--A.D

_* 2 MO 4ox=0 -6

* .., *

-&--.-4=L- IM- X---

.-F

Iq ~" '

20Q0 ~ ~ W MXOI~~I2Ol 40

FOR SHELL HE 7M-k%04 ?A.a mJil 115.1-4a

STANK QLW4$S ~ t~I:zz

K§I~rA 9 DRFT- RANGE CURVES

-44i

-u ?IO -- '

4' 6, S

-s-h I ---.-----

a~+OE Y, -

'.5;: -, I NN..." EFETC WP XY

--Pffp oMR --

116_ _ _ r-Z _ '

rtiAm ??;;+~~~* &PRHRWE=

~~J-~600 90.-.---44 *Go 14 - '- 1:'

BRLH 75-1-48 BALLISTIC AND IMN'UQEJNC DATA9

_______AG FOP, II101 Nx- "r"SiE

r I

F D~ ANDj T,5 UE

I~~~ RA tR)

U 4-00 &)O 00002000 140

FOR SHELL HE. 75.M?4 M48 BRLH 75.1.489

TANK GUNS4- PANGE EFFECT OF I ZONE INCREASE p~

1! IN WrEIGHiT CF PROVAECTILE(ZONE 2, MARKED++, IS STANDARD) r?

-tT

+ _T t

LL1 __________________ ..

0 ~ 00 00 600 900 100~' ~00 4,0

- ~ __ ____- > ~- ~Sf

BRLH 75-1-48 BALUSTIC AND) ENINEERNG DATA

1-Tt

D. AN T-Y RRDS 1i12 71

10 ---

_ -=-~- ~ -=-- ~ -=-T.

FOR SHELL HE 75-MM. M48 BRLI- 75.1-489

4- 14 l t4K UN

LRANGE EFFECT OF 'F INCREASE ' t2t*IN AIR TEMPLRATURE(590 IS STANDARD) :

J,4 +4 T4,~I 44

-44 4.-A 4

-4 -1 14 -1i+ "4 8 PP

Li TL!T*-~ i- ~ --

PD AND TSNGEFUZcs T

--------- *---_i -=----.J-. I.

NELGIL F00 OR f00+0 100 100 4

-~~~CAG 7~-~~~-~~_

W.Wi 7514 BALUSTIC AND FENNMNG DATA

9

TANK GUNS

:T: Tm.RANG;r EFFECT ,F I MPH REAR~ WIND ---

I f i l l

lilt

44L44

PD AND1Q17' 4:Wt I UYW-4--

- I' - -- 1

10~-H 4 -p1 4 w IeO FPS-

o ~ REDUWG HARGEj t-T.____ 9W FPS

&LrI iI'I ___

r~pjit~~RANGE VAPOS

200 400 600 = 0=0 200 M

Au38

FOR SHELL PE. 7',.MM.. M48 BRLH 75-1489

H, TANK GU S1+ L I............. n. RANGE E FFECT OF 1% INGVEASE IN AR DENSITY

(100% IS STANDARD)ljT- H*H IT' 4 4- R-171H-PI _144 1-1;

V.- jJ4C44ARGE

REDUCED I T Imv 960 FPS 4- AND TSQ PJZES

I +fl -1-T-

R- i-A 11 t 1ij, -

1 1 f I I IIL-4-

1+4-14 4--T H

NOFUMCMFM 7 1

MV 1520 FPS_30-

fillI f I i i f i t

L

-4

F-I

cl* NX 1 1iA , it,I -A

d

d4++-60r7 - -1 1A

-T- 4Ls"L PiER CHARGE'MV 1980 FPS

7c

A T -I

4-' F -i T-11, IT-4t , 44 RAN G E, J_

f 4#1 T0 Rom 4000 0000 12000 14=

IR 9J5J14j RAL4JS1C AND ENCINEEPING DATAIG

10. Firing table datA. Aircraft Guns. FTL 75A.C-AW-1.

Guns, 75-mm, M5A1 and U1O (zuouxit&d in aircraft). V.V: 1,950 fps. Twist of rifling: 1/22.IFuze: PD, M57. 0CM items 20756 and 20991 recommended and approved the tine of the HE Shell M48 in

the 75-mm Aircra~t Gun M4, which is now obsolete.

a. Aerodynamic coutstants. 4

Form. factor, i (relative to drag function forHE &iell M48 with PD Fuze M57 ) 1.00

Ballistic coefficient, C (relative to drag functionfor HE OheLl M448 with PD) Fuze 1-57)1.8

Normal st ability factor, s s 1.85?

Damping constant, c' 0.000, 984,lft 1

Damping constant, a" 0.000, 025, 68ff1

Winda-ge jump coefficient, b 24,931 mils. fpsYaw-drag coefficient, K&18.4 rad-2

b. Trajctoy d"a The firing tables apply to a gun flexibly mounted in elevation on an airpla-neflying horizonta~lly, sr mounted at a fixed elevation on a diving airplane, and firing at a target on the ground.

They list the following daa and certain effects on them for true air- speeds of 2,60 and 3 .50 mph:

Time of flight:S Horizontal-angle between the gun and the li1ne of sight.

Vertical angle between the gun and the line of sight.

38

FOR SHFLL HE 75-MM. M BRLH 75--~II

SECTION V

EFFECT DATA

Ricochet data - -------------------- ------- 11Effectiveness - ------------- ------- ------- 12Fragmentation - -- - - -- - --- - ---- -- - ------ --- 13Penetration - --- ------- ---- ------- ------ 14

11. Ricochet data. The fcqowing data an ricochet of 75-mm HE Shell M48 with P) Fuzes M48A2 and

M51A4 were taken from volume TL of 'Terminal Ballistic Data".

a. HOWITZER, 75-MM, MIAI, M2 and M3

TABLE 73TANK GUNS, 75-mm, W3, M6 and M17

Range Angle of Angle of Impact Height PE inFall Recovery to Burst of Burst Height

of Bustyd mils mls yd-- t ft

Charge 1VV700 fps 1,030 109 155 26 12 2

242 265 17 14 33,(o 415 315 7 7 2

Charge 2MV 810 fps 1,000 82 120 32 12 2

2,000 178 220 24 16 33,000 295 25 15 14 3

Charge 3MV 950 fts 1,000 58 90 40 i1 2

2,0(0 127 175 33 21 43,000 208 245 25 18 44,000 305 225 "7 15 4

_______5,000 4--r,; o15 8 8

MV 1,250 fps 1,030 3 80 51 l 2

2,000 86 125 42 -9 33,000 142 1 E3 35 20 4

4,000 206 45 284A,000 279 M5 21 4

6,000 363 310 14 14 4

- 3_

ww 75.f4 I~ B.ALLIMC AND ENG1NEF ,NG DATA

bi TA.X GUM, 75-MM, M3, MG and MI7 -

TJABLE 74TANK GUNS, 75-M-M, M3, M6 and Ml7

PE In

Range Angle of Angle o Impact Height HeightFal Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst

yd si"l s I ya ft it

Reduced ChargeV 960 fps 1,000 59 90 40 l1 2

2,03W 126 170 33 17 33,000 206 245 25 18 44,000 301 295 17 16 4

Normal Charge1." 1,500 fps 1,000 26 45 62 8 2

2,000 85 100 50 15 33,000 115 160 41 19 44,W0') 1.74 220 33 22 55,000 240 2M5 26 21 58,000 313 300 19 17 47,000 394 315 !3 12 4

Super ChargeMV 1-' fps 1,000 13 25 28 2 0

2,000 3 80 23 4 13,000 70 105 19 8 14,000 !l 16' 14 7 15,000 171 215 12 6 26,000 234 280 9 7 27,000 303 295 7 6 28,000 378 315 5 4 1

2. Wee±,er0ws. The follow ng data on effectiveness of HE Shell M48 with PD Fuze M54 were taktn

from olume M[ of "Tertinnal Ballstic Dta".

a- N'1MBZ. O1 ROUNDS REQVULED .MlW E1MMY ARTILLERYFO 50% EFFECT POR 10,0 0 Q YD IN AREA M'JRE

HCWrrZER, 75-mr-, MIAl. M2 a nd M 3.Charge 4: MV 1250 fps

ydImact Time Tim. and Lmoact

L'o 68 ?00 50

40

FOR SHELL HE 75.MM. M4 BRLH 75-I812-13

b. NTIOB OF ROUNDS REQUIRED AGA T ENEMr Y AR1TILERY FOR90% PROBAW 4Y OF AT LEAST ONE EFFECTIVE UT IN AIMED FRE

(1) Howitzer, 75-mm, MIA!, Y42 -mA W,.1 CSz k 34V 1250 fps TRangType of F:re

yd impact Time Tim a4 Impact

2,0024 340 430 460 1400 560

(2) Tar-k Gun, 75-ram, K,, M6 and M17.S rcharre: IV f ipsf ange I - --d-P 01rire

yd__ Impact Tbne Time and Lmptt

2,O00 7 340 15[5,000 j 12 790 180

15. FragmentUIon.

a. Sand pit test. The sand pit and panel tests of HE Shell M48 with DD Fuze M39 were reported

in Ba2.stz.c Research Laboratory Repoit No. 126, "Fragmentation of te ?5-rmm HE Shel T3 as dete.mined bypane I e eto.hhe we c!ghtlf tn P, -"ze 39 is 2.35 lb and Its cumn"tur is slightly dif-anI and pit frag-Lentatten teto" -he we

ferent from that of the PD ruze M48A2.

(t: Four r r jectlles were plazed 4n boxes and det.nated in me sand pL Tne fragmen s tere then

separated frf-r *.e sand with a I-and screen made of 0.03-inch wire with 4 Mnshes per inch. Firally, they

were V cped az.zrding to sizt by being sifted Lt--.r fv'.r screens with the fo i wIng average dimensions:

Screen Meshes Di- of Size of pentzgNo. per wire, Side, Ar ea,

ilmh nch .. ch II 2 .16 .84 .712 2 I4 .36 .133 3 .10 .2 .053

4 .08 .17 .o

(2; The average weirht of the sheU1 a.d f ize, withj the 7NlZ, was 13.29 lb. Tnhe -cU/tiw table

shows the a _er2e.nunber and weight of Uhe fragmento mn each group:

41

~pjR ALUMtIC AtD &%G-M N DATA

Fragments caught by Noof %fttaWehto of empty Shellfollavrin screens: Frag- No. of Fragmnents and Fuze[ e. o 4 rounds) Mexhts rme lb______

S ~ creen No. 1 8 0.8 1.043 15.4Screen No. 2 272 34.9 8.449 63.6Screen No. 3 285A 32.? 1.713 12. 9Screen No. 4 - 142 18.2 0,384 2.?

b. Pal test.(1) Four panels were madIe ef spruce boards with a cominal thickness of 1 inch. Pane. A was

smicrcularwith a ra'ius of 15 feet, and 9 feet high: it was pla'ced cn the Left M1de of the 'lrne -- f~re, a-nd

the shiell was detonated at the center of the are, abc--t midway between -.he top and 1-ottorn .-' th. kiiel. -For

the same rounds. panel B was planed on the right side of the lisae of fire, with the same cen* er: it was

seiLclr ito-rdusof3 et n 9 feet ag- PPnlI a siiiclr a radus cf 7 eel-,

rairs of 120 feet, and was 12 feet high: 4.t1 was placed opposte pane' ;, in such a rxitlor as to =-Liudt:f te

(2) BU. Report 126 de-fines certain terms as follnws; A ?arforatqng famt s one thst trave~z

completely thru the panel. A R~eral is one LWa goes at A-Past :1:86 inch 1into th paus-, bLjt &,6es

ao, go all the way thru. A uwit solid aieIs 1/100 of the solid an~gle subtnded by a urn: cof sphr-,q surface

at nit radius. Polar angles are measured with reb-pe-ct to a horizontal cocrdiLa-e svsteu. w-.t its 3zrt;.n

at the center of the panels, at an elevatIon midway between the top arrh bottom of #211e pae.es. A is ASSU-Med

that the center of gravity of the projectile coincides with the origin of coordiates, tmat t-he Exis -&' the ;' e..

is~ horizontal, Wnd that the polar axis Ales a-long the extension af the she.. a=s In tine oe-nof tnzo no.Ie.

(3) 7he resalts of the zrrnei test are shown by n-e followig ramentatlon isrnsitv-7 rear &ngle

42

Air_-_

FOR SHELL HE 75.MM. W~e BRLH~ 75.1-48

_7 F. F-14 4T:L i

4 4 _ __ __ _ __ ___T_

S_ ~ W-i

aa~a J

-4T h tl i

4

o4 w

a -~ j±-Do> __ _ __ _ __ _

Z:aa.

kc _

S2i ~ l 7 f~4 4 4

ch'- :j±~ -i-- at-

-- 4r

- -.-.-.. 4..- *...Jos

4 43

W 5--8BAWLS7IC ANDV LNGMEER!?C DATA

_ t i7hJ-t

Ai r'4r-' i-'

P-- - 4 t

I__ 0

44.

r - -

i f I f_ _-_ -.- 1-.

1 ZAj1 A. !-IIi fl

X & 0 --

'0A

-t-4

rr19& ~ A , - rA

II;a

-u c -' 7

CC -- t

-d rJ.---- -4-c-- 4t

Ile..

TV TI=---

AIM 7-146BALLISTC AND ENGINEERING DATA13

N

44 fl I A

t*1

IfIox (a

> At 88

FOR SHEL . 75M BR4H7513

444

BRUi M 148 BALLL51X AND -MNG DATA

4-44r- i,j- T-! -

----------- 0-----------

HH11-I IT: J

t-- IA-

-7j >j

040Irs

X ---- IT04

At 11774"

a 4 M+ 0

---------- -- ---- i-,LL -- I I i- 4

, t it4. W

ME m uwff sa ID

J

48

FOR SHW.. NE 75.ML M46 BRIMN 75.14813

c. CanUles. All the following data on fragmentation of HE SheU M48 with PD and TSQ Fuzes were

taken from volume III of Terminal Ballistic Data7 and TM 9-1907, "Ballistic Data, .erformance o Anmu-

nttion". The inittial fragment velocity of this shell 'is 3,120 fps.

TABLE 38

CASUALTIES

Average For the lightestDistance Ttal number, number of effective fragment

from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity(t) fragments memts per sq ft (oz) (fpS)r N B m v

23 I070 0.213 0.014 2080

30 920 0.0809 0,018 1820

40 750 0.0375 0.024 1570

80 640 0.0141 0.037 1270

80 510 0.0064 0.051 10801C0 450 0.0036 0.063 972

150 370 0.0013 0.090 813

200 320 0.0006 0.116 716

300 250 0.0002 0.173 587400 200 0.0001 0.244 494

49

naui 754148 BIAJ251M~ AND £ 4EERUN4Q ATA

L1

[ ~ ~~4ELL DENSITY REQUIRED IN AREA FIRE I''EXpECTED CASuALTIESt 50% OF PERSONNELSUPERQUIGK GROUND BURSTS -NO M~ELDING 4

1 TANK GUNS,75-MM, M3,M6 AND M17WIDTH OF FRINGE AROUNDTARGET AREA

-TO BE INCLUDED IN FIRE AREA: 37FT

I ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . .I I11 1 11111

R4 I I L

.t 0 4iT.V. pip W.. '-

___ ____ial

1200i40

11 - fi ll5 I

FOR 5.HE[L HE, 75.M1 M43 WiliI 75.-4'3

SHELL DENST Mt EQUIRED IN ARA REI T TIIimEXPECTED CASUALTIESt 50OF PERSOM*EL 4 . 4AIR .BURSTS AT OPTIMUM MEAN HEIGHT 71

HOWITZ RS, 75-MMMIAI, MEAND M3 { I:;I+ 1-t-.+ -j.4*4* CMMAGE I

~WIDTH 0.9FRINGE '* Iw .

TBE INLUDED IN FIRE AIREA3L

Ptl MAN HE[Gff Of BURST + to".~ it

t~125

I - HIELDI G MUM *LET -

14,K 1."~ 4 41-L H

,T - -1* '1 -

1) 100 3000 4000 000 0

1 1 i l

~1LH 74.4~ ALW51C AND ENGINEERINC DATA

CASUALTiESr TANK GUNS

INCLINATION VtHEIGHT OF BURST O FTREMAINING VELOCITY 0 FPS

IW

30

1 AT LEASTI HIT iNCLINATION 30*PERVOSQFT HEIGHT OF BURS"' 0 FT

PE 4STIT REMAINING VELOCITY 800 FPS

FOP, SMLL H-F 75-MM. MBRU 75-14613

CASUALTIESTANK GUNS

O"

FIR

INCLINATION 30*HEIGHT OF BURST 30PTREMA*IING VELOCITY SOO FPS

LIKE OF .

1601

AT U IT

AT LEAS'IRT MU' LNATiIONH 300M,10 50 FT HEGH'T OF SURST 60 FT

V0 , ' LEASTIMT" REMAINING VE-LOCITY 800 FPS

B Z7$-48 R A. O ENGDEMNG DATA15

TABLE W

MIPFORATION OF 1/8 IN. L..IIEM STEEL

Average For the lightestDstance Total gm2.r number of effc tive fragment

from ,burst of effeive effect.We frag- Weight VelocityMfl fralmea merits Me sq ft (OZ) (fps)

r N B m v20 S34 0.106 0.049 2390

30 442 0.0391 0.065 2180

40 3w 0.01 0.082 2010

so 300 0.08 0.127 179080 242 0.M 0.18-5 !.M3

1-0 197 0.0018 0.253 1430.30 132 0.GOO 1-.375 1270

160 w4 0.0003 0 .500 1160

190 57 0.0001 0.6.55 1080

M3S 0.0001 0.820 1.00 !

54-

FOR -qtLIT-5.M %M RL M1-

SHELL DENSITY REQUIRED) IN AREA FIRE. -~tmq-UIED PEPOAm- F r- INCHi MILD STEEL' 4:iE

50% OF ELDOMNT 2 SO FT IN AREA.SUPERQUICK GROUND BUR~STS W N SHELDNG +L i

TANK GUNS~:-~i--:~ WIDTH OF FRINGE AROUND TARGET AREAL4

+HiF+TOU INOLUDED IN FIRE AREAs 20 FT.

f I1

7*tTTT TMd.,

% t SUERC MG

Ii f -1 Ii M 190 P

t-1i

44I

II

£SRIH 75.1-43 RALISTIC AMD E4CUMI*i? DATA13

PERFORATIONS OF 103-IN.MILD STEELTAN2~K GUNS

INCUNATf ON 'NEIGHT OF F'JRST OFTREMAINING VELOCIY 0 FPS

II O

AVLWIWT INCLINATMN 304PR 4SQ FT H~EIGHT OF BURST 0 FT

M .x rLfA3hTl REMAINING VELOCITY 800 FPS

PE0I0

FOP, SMa1U. HL. ?rbrM M4S Emit 73-t-0

PERFORAliON OFV 18 N. MtiLD SEL

TANK GUNS A

INCLINATION 3O0't47I(3HT OF BURST 30FTllREMAI~NING VELDCIY S00 FnS

SAT LEAST! HITp ER z5 SQ F

4k

RWH 75.-4 BALUMTI AND ENGINEERING DATA13

%* SHELL DENSITY REQUIR0~ IN AREA FIRE. -j

EXPECTED PERFORATION OF 1/4-INCH MILD STEEL:-- 50% OF ELEMENTS 2 SQOFT IN AREA. 1

-

- SUPERQUIGK GROUND BURSTS- NO SHIELDING. i1

b WIDTH OF FRINGE AROLURGET AREATO BE INCLUDED IN FIRE AREA, 13 FTL

-4-4

-a.-4

RAHC CUPARGHARG

____ -I_

A00 20

I 58

FOR SHELL I-IL 75.MNL NUO BRLH 75-1414

14 EN-ATO

I. G.TOTAL NUMBER OF ROUNDS NECESSARY TO OWAN

90% POAILT OF ENOUG HIS O AK

BRAH1 TWD OCEE ALK THG

P FUZE M78- -44+

:1: . .....

iT- -4 I0 5000 200

1450

4- -19

____~~ 4____- ;:

BRLM 7-1.46 RALUM~C AND ENGINEMRNG DATA

14

45 b OTAL NUMBER OF RtOUNDS NECESSARY TO) OBTAIN90XPROBABLITY OF AT LL TONE PERFORATION IN

V TARGESOF.GRADE.A.CO.RE:TE (5000 PSI) i~K GUNS. OP4 FUEM8

-f 800

600

_RP AGT iEU

FOR SHELL HE 75-.Nt M48 NAB 75.t.48

141

I I I 3I0A 0

81 - --

IN 75.1.48 BAU4=TC AND ENGWNEGC DATA

IU ER~HAMD LOGS

ADD PENETRATION INTO EARTH(IFANY) TOPE*7TIONINOWD (USW4G APPROPRIATE SCALE$)

I) I

FROM OLZ

......... T RMIAL B LLIT.... r

- - 44i00 5000

(ILO WLL VRTCL.LO AGL 82 -

ta

IFOR SHELL HE. 75-M?4 OF"~L 75.4-[ .14

~ ~fl )4 tti_ _-- -- I t Tf

3000~~ 40050

63T

LHRG 2__ ___

Balmstic Research Laboratories Balltc Rese.rc Lab.Handbook of Bal~ic and Abreen Prvm aadEngineering Data for Ammimition, Mayland-N1o. 75-1-61 9 March 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGWIEERING DATA

for

Projectile, APC, 75-nim, MOWAWith

SectionFuze, BD, M66AI

I General --- --- 1

11 Description ------ 2- 4al interior ball-t data i - b5

NV E5terior baitic data ---- 6G-1

v Enictndata Dat. 8A.u.ton

BALLITIC TION EN IEEIGDT

GENERAL

1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concie, :" 4 W tor-marion regarding the shape., dymrics, ballistics and lffects of the ?5-m Armor-pier, Aapped Projectle

M61A) with the Base Detonating Fuze M6e, BD contains a tracer composition. 1Ts Wormation Is

zclhected from the drawings, reports., firing tables, an:d technical manuals pertaining w thi ammnmidonm

BRF7316 BALLISTIC AND F-DT

04

FOR PROJECTILE. APr- 75-MM. M61AI -2.4

Dimensions -Physical characteristics --............... -.

2. Draming.Projectile: Metal parts assembly and detils U7-2-291Fuze: Assembly 73-2-178

Details 73-2-179 ad 1803. Dimensions,

-re: Length (outside) 0.43 calBand: DIstance from base 0.25 Cal

Width 0.,( 1

ody: Cylindrical ler4th 1.96 zalCgival length (outside) 0.15 calRadius of ogival arc 1.29 cal

Cap: Length (outside) 0.41 calPadius of oival arc 7.11 mal

Windshield: 'Length 1.95 ca.Radius of ogival - -".11 cl

Length: Ogive 2.52 calProjetile without fuze 4.48caProjectile and '>ize 4.90 cal

4. Physical characteristics.

Weight (standard) 14.90 lbBase of projectile to center of gravity 1.426 cal 2 *Axial moment of inertia 15.80 lb.,n 2 ,Transverse moment of inertia 105.7 ib.ln

'Estimated from the values ior the 3-inch APC Projeztile M82.

~S

.U W 1-61 BALUSC AND ENCANMERM DATA5.6

SECTION Mn

LrNERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

Theoretical yaw in bore -. - . . . . .- . .- . .- . .- ..- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- 5

5. TlhoreUc~ yaw In bore.

Minimum 11 minMaximum 16 min

SECTION IV

EXT ZIOR BALLIqMC DATA

Paragraph

Aerodynamic data - ....-..... ....-..- -.----------------- 6Firixg table data - -------- -- -- - - - -- - - - - --- --- 7

a. Dr& A form fctor CC 0.985 relative to the G 6 drag function was determined by resistance

firings at velocites of 1643 a.xl 2007 fps. The correspocding ballistic coefficient is 1.735. At a velocity of

2030 fps, the drag coeffIcient is 0,146.

b. Stahlity. T7he moment coefficient, estimated from known data for the 3-inch AP Pr.ojectiLe 4

is i.346 at a mu.le velocity of 230 fps. The estimated stability factor is 2.66 for a twist of riflng of

1/M..588 (in Tank Guns W.A, M8 and M17) and 3.60 for a twtst of rifling of 1/22 (in Aircraft Guns M5A1 and

M10).

c. Yawing moment hoefficen. The pwing rceant coe~ficient is 4.2. This value was calculatedb7 an empirical formula determined by the valizes given in Table XrV ! Billisti.c Research Laboratcry 'Report

No. 357, "Danipinr of Calibers .30 arnd . 0 Bullets and 37-mm liE Shell".

d Croim wind force coefficlent. The cross wind force co_fient is 0.256, This is the value

calculated for the 3-inch 15-lb HE Shell M1915, using the drift fcr a range of 9000 yards in FT 3-M-2 ad the

velocities taken from the compu ted Lrajectory for an elevation of 10° and a muzzle velo-lty d 2600 fps.

The 3-inch Shell M1915 ad the 75'mm Projectile M61A2 are approximately the same shape,

4

I

FOR PROJECTILE APC, 75.M. MYIAI 6RLH 75.1-616-7

/

e. Magma moment coefticlent. The Meg= moment coefficient, calculated by an empirical

formula that applies to a l-ge umiber of projectiles, Ls - 0.30.

7. Firing table daa. FT 75-AY-l.

Guns, 75-mm, M3 (mounted in Medium Tank M4 and modifications, Including the Assamlt rank

M4A2E2) M6 and M17 (mouated in Light Tank M24). 7IRLMt of rifling: 1/25.586. MV: 2D30 fps. OCM items

16119 and 161e7 recommended and approved sandardIzation. r. the AP Projectile M61. 0CM items 15640

and 16741 recommended and approved authorzation for its use in the 75-mm Tank Gus W, Vhich is now

obsolete. OCM item 17699 changed its designation from Armor-piercing to Armor-piercing Capped Projectile.

NOTE: OCM items 20756 and 2D91 recommended and approved authorization for the use of the APC

Projectile M01 i the 75-mm Aircraft Gun 114, which is rifled with a twist of 1/25.586 and Is mw obsolete,

and IF ?5AC-AX-2 gives firing table data for this materieL The .A-C Projectile M61A1 s now standard

ammunition for the 75-mm Aircraft Guns M5.A1 and MI0, which are rifled with a twWt of 1/22, but no firing

tables have beer prepared for this combInation of guns and ammunitonm

L3. H

I I!IA U~ -fitC'EN "I if~IO 1UR44 4-1±-~

[ I i f

3.6~ELVA 4__ i'~-LV~O~I$+

00 400 600 m il

II

FOR PRO)WJ'LE. APC 754A NM MIA! ORL4 75.1-617

400 -ELEVATION -RANGE AND -

~ANGLE OrALL -RAGE CUR'WSt41.--

4

I~ I I A

::~7 ER iAAGE AN ___.

2 0 0 0 L 4 - i- *

I It. . _

I.. + RANGE -YARDS . -

2500

2 0 T00 20F 300 400500 00W-

lD,.U 7' ,-6t BALLISIC AND ,MIUMEJNG DATA7

eEFLF-OTION EFFECTS OF DRIF TAND)OMPH LATERAL WIND

____'-___| __ __ _- - --

. . .. . • .. ... . .. . .!- -i... .. . . . . I . .. . . , I W . .D ..:

(3__ _ -2,*

-- t-., .'--. t '- :-. .. . " -- I. ., . .. --- .. . ... I2T.... -

iWIND

' " : i-- I ''4 4 4 4 4 4 . ,.. .. . .. .4 . .... .

NLEFSRA2GE:: YARDS47 ... .. ... . . .

l o o t,_ 2 c0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 V -40 0 0 o 7

. , -" ".". ," . . .. . . .

T.. -' "

'44[:w .4 ..i "-. .. .,"- ~, .'

.. . 4 44. 4' • "'"4.:' " " . . . " "*1 .. . .4 "

L ' i _

-4.

2w f .COMPLEMENTAIRY ANGLE OF $I TE --.... -

0 1000 .7O---.----- . .,. .... ,6.00 '00:.

4_ 4, _ 1 , , . : - - . . . . . . - . . . . :- -: . .

'+'+-+++' ,...; RANGE -YARDS . ..

o 0 0 2000 300 ,00C 5000) 600 0 7000

8

I

i

- -FOR PROJECnLL- APC. 75.Mbt M6IAt S3RLH 75.1-ot7

~444~J g.RANGE EFFECTS OFSI FPS INCREASE I N MUZZLE VELOCITY (2OFPS IS SANDARD)

1444 1F INCREASE IN AIR TEMPERATURE 1590F IS STANDARD)

I MP RER WND ( MP ISSTANARD AN

1% INRES INARDNIT tj S TNAD

E10Tli+-~~-

.iq.~~~RA WIND1 ' ~I~p~

__M 1,14

S - 5A~ -r7 r

BRLH 75.1.61 BALIJSTIC AND EMJNF.RING DATA

SECTION V

EPFECT DATA

Paragraph

Penetration ........- .............---- --------------- - 8

8. Penetration.

a. Ballistic limits.

Plate Ballistic NumberType Thickness Obliquity Limit in

inches deg Type fps Average

Face 3 20 Navy 1658 41Hardened 3 30 1807 3

3.5 20 1884 2

2 20 Army 14872 30 1699 13.125 20 1734 83.0625 20 1738 28

Homo- 2.5 20 Army 1744 1geneous 3 1594 1

3 0 Navy 1797 63 20 1925 26

10

I

FOR PROJECTILE. APC 75-M I M6IAI BRL 75.1.1a

b. Vulnerability of German tanks. The following data on vulnerability of German tanks (Panzer-

kampfwagen) to APC Projectile M61Al, fired from Tank Guns M3, M6 and M17 at a muzzle velocity of 2030

fps, were taken from TM 9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performance of Ammunition".

MAXIMUM VULNERABLE RANGE - YARDS

'rank 0 ° M IV VIAttack Angle 0 250 0 250 Q0 25

Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000Turret Front 2250 1120 2500 1280 .... ....U p p e r H u l l F r o n t 1 4 0 0 - - - - 1 4 7 0 - - - - . .. . . .L o w e r H u l l F r o n t 7 2 0 - - - - 1 2 0 0 - - - - . .. . . .

FlankTurret Rear 5000 4500 4700 3760 1000 ----Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000 ----Turret Front 2250 1120 2500 1280 .... ....Upper Hull Sides 5000+ 4960 5000+ 4960 1000 ----Lower Hull Sides 5000+ 4960 5000+ 4960 20 1200

Turret Rear W00 4500 4700 3760 1000 ----# . Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000 ----

' Turret Front 2250 1120 2500 1280 -

Upper Hull Rear 2110 1040 5000+ 4960 300Lower Hull Rear 2500 1280 6000+ 4960 0_ 0 ----

4"

l-J 11' 061- -

FOR PROJECTIL£, APC 75.M M6IAI 86 75-1-618

b. Vulne rbiity of German tanks. The followbig data on vulnerability of German tanks (Pazer-

kampfwagen) to APC Projectile M61A1, fired from Tank Guns M3, M6 and M17 at a muzzle velocity of 2030

fps, were taken from TM 9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performance of Ammunition".

MAXIMUM VULNERABLE RANGE - YARDS

'rank r IV VIAttack I Angle 00 25 00 00 5

Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000Turret Front 2.50 1120 2500 1280 .... ....Upper Hull Front 1400 ---- 1470 ----

Lower Hull Front 720 ---- 1200 ----

FlankTurret Rear 5000 4500 4700 3760 1000 ----

Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000 ----

Turret Front 2250 1120 2500 1280 .... ....Upper Hull Sides 5000+ 4960 5000+ 4960 1000 ----

Lower Hull Sides 5000+ 4960 500+ 4960 2200 1200

Turret Rear 5000 4500 4700 3790 1000Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000 ----Turret Front 2250 1120 2500 1280 .... ...

Upper Hull Rear 2110 1040 5000+ 4960 300 ---Lower Hull Rear 2500 1280 5000+ 4960 300 ----

r BRIM 75.1-61 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEM~NG DATA

_4~ H cPENETRATIVES I Ezt

- ~NAVY CRITERION II 4±iI FROM VOL.M1 OFT TERMINAL BALLISTIC CAW~

Li 1. 1.. -4=7_= t tA

d.

ANJ 1FNIEC 44 _

f4 j

F T

_L4

000

FOR PROJETLE. APC~ 7 -MM. WAI MRJ 7S461

TFACE HARDENED ARMOR PLAE T 4 -

NAVYERITERIO t,:

FROM VOL.1 OF "TALLISTLC ALLfST 7jt

t i~ ; iT_'ii~ ~ 4i- #

.L.. I .ELOIi-

0~ ~ ~ ~~~~~A I0 0 20~0 20 40 20

13T

_______ ________4-4+144_

~UJI 54.61BALUSTIC AND ENGINEEWiNG DATA

WTML NUMBER OF ROM NECESSARY TO OBTAIN90% PROBABILITY OF AT LEAST ONE PERFORAIONrIN TARGETS OF GRADE A CONCRETE (5000 PSI).

TANKU"S M3* M6 AND M17.

TH~~NESSFEIHT WDIH200

-

GRAPH -YARDS *1'F-£~TONS 11111.T VAT 20000,,.I

A 0 15T3-- -- a 545 7

K FOR PROJECTLE. APC 75.MM. M61AI sRLH 75.1-61

- LTOTAL NUMBER OF ROUNS NECESSARY T&AIN* 90% PROBABILITY OF ENOUGH HI1M TO MAKE A

BREACH 12FT WIDE IN A CONCRETE WALL 10 FT HIGH4.TANK GUNS M5, M6 AM MI.

MIV 2030 FPS

II fill-~

1L 10

BRUi 75-1-~66

Ballistic Research Laboratories Baflistic Research Lab.Handbook of Ballistic and

Aberdeen Proving Ground,

Engineering Data for Ammunition, Ardend.

No. 75--669 March 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

for

Shell, HEAT, 75-nam, M06

With

Fuzes, BD, M62A1 and M91

Section Paragraph

I General - ----------- 1

1i Description ----.------ 2 - 4II Interior ballistic data -- ---- 5 - 6

IV Exterior ballistic data ---- 7 - 8

V Effect data ----------- 9

SECTUMt I

GENER.AI,

Paragraph

Purpose .......- ..............-......----------------- 1

1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-

mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 75.mm High Explosive Antitank She'l

M66 wLth trie base Detonating Fuzes M62A1 and M91. This information is collected from the drawings,

reports, and firing tables pertaining to this ammunition.

IEI

~~~jjj~~~~~4 ;sjuB~ITI N NJEr IGDT2w

4-f-I--

~1 KAi

FOR SHELL HEAT. 75.M M6 BPJ.H 75.1.662.3

SEC ON 1 1

DESCRPTION

Drawings .......- .............-.......---------------- 2Dimensions ......- .............-.....----------------- 3Physic-l characteristics .....- ........--...------ ---------- 4

2. Drawings.

Shell: Metal parts, assembly and details 75-2-314Ogive assembly, cone and details 75-2-315

Fuze, BD, M62Al: Assembly 73-2-168

Details 73-2-169, 170 and 171

Fuze, BD, M91: Assembly 73-2-239Details 73-2-169, 170 and 240

3. Dimensions.Fuze, Be, M91: Length (outside) 0.28 cal

Boattail: Angle 9-M0'Lengt1h 0.48 cal

Band: Distance from boattal 0.27 cDistance from base 0.75 calWidth 0.16 Cal

Body: Length of cylindrical part 2.11 CalLength of ogival part 0.51 calRadius of arc 7.45 cal

Union: Length 0.17 cal

Ogive: Length 1.77 calAngle 22o201

Length: Body 3.10 calOgive and union 1.94 calShell 5.04 cal

Ogive, union, and oeival part of body 2.45 calShell and Fuze M91 5.32 cal

Note: Fuze, BD, M62AI is entirely inside of shell body.

BRUi 7 -. 66 BALL STIC AND ENGINEERING DATA4.6

4. Physical charactexsties.

Fuze BD M62A1 BD M9i

Weight (standard) 13.17 lb 13.37 lbBase to center of gravity 1.656 cal 2Axial moment of Inertia 16.75 2b.in,Transverse moment of Inertia 157.3 Ib.in6

SECTION M

INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

Paragraph

Stresses .......- ...... .....-..------------------- 5Theoretical yaw in bore .....--- ...-.--.----------------- - 6

5. Stresse3. Tne following table and the graphical representation on page 5 show the longitudinal,

radial and tangential stress at each of. three sections: (A) the rear corner of the band seat, (B) the frcnt

of the band seat, and (C) immediately behind the bourrelet.

Howitzer, 75-ram MIAI, M2, M3Twist of rilmng 1/20Cross-sectional area of bore 7.004 sq in.Rated maximum pressure 26.000 psi )Total weight of projectile 13.37 lbMuzzle velocity 1000 fpsDensity of fifler (pentolite) 0.0574 lb cer cu In.

Resultant Stress- Sectioni psi A B C

Longitudinal - 162 - 358 -210Radial + 364 - 3 + 5Tangential - 643 + 292 + 171

+ denotes tension. - denotes compression.

6. Theoretical yzw In bore.

Minimum 9 minMaximum 13 min

4_ _ _

FOR SHELL HEAT. 75-MM W BRI4 75.1-66

AS c

SECTIONSA -643 a c

+364

-162 -M352

i-rni/ 11

~AXES OF RESULTANT STRESS

tL

DIAGRAM OF RESULTANT STRESSES

I1-9

BRLH 75.-I-6 BAUJSTIC ANO _Jt2,RWC DATA+ 7-8

SECTIO V

ECTEXIOR BALUSTI DATA

ParagrSaph

Aerodynamic data . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 7Firing table data ............. .- 8

7. Aerodynamic data.

a. Drag. The form factor relative to ProjectiLe Type 2, determined by resistance ftrings, arid the

corresponding ballistic coefficient and drag coefficient are given below.

Velocity Form Ballistic Dragfps Factor Coefficient Coeftcient

77. .75 2.01 .0501000 .96 1..5- .070

b. Stability. The stability factor was determined from firings n a 75-mm Gun with a tw.s- 3f

rifnlng of 1/25.586 at a muzzle velocity of 1000 fps. The resulting stabtity factor is 1.22, and ' e r-ment

coefficient is 226. With a t-Ast of rifling - 1/20 (in tir.e Howitzers MIA!, M2 and M3' at he same ,e.,tt-,

the stabilit7 factor would be 2.00.

8. Firin table data. FT 75-1-4.

Howitzers. 75-mm, MIAI, M2 and W. Twist of rfling: 1/20. Muzzle velocity: IC1C fps. Pr..ect:.e

weight: 13.10 lb. OCM items 17638 and 17752 recemmended and app rved .-dtatc - . :t re .A .e...M66.

-1 he terminal velocity was taken from Ballistic Research Laboroaory Memorandum ~eIrt : . g.

•fables of Impact Velocitiks for Mobile Artillery Weapons".

:= = ~ r -.' : J= .-, .------j , r --' t ' v- -.,-- , -' : -- .: : .: .i *1"

FFOR SHELL HEAT, 75.hN,"~ BR66 75.1-

BL1 1 0 IOFrMN -RNG COR

i f - *- ~ -

I _1

-44

ITI,96 t

C, 1 C

BRL'BALUSIIC AND ENINEERING(. DATA

A4- b.ELEVATION- RANGE CURE7

44 14TT1 14 ~ ~

T-1ljjj'f MV 101AI 00 FPRS4;n i160-. .~.

500 Q00 500 2000 2500~0t-4;4 If8

7'

FOR SHELL HEAT. 75.MK M66 BRLH- 73 -1-66

4 RfAE OF FLW S- RANGE CURVE

I tI- -- - --9

IL -41

13ALLIC AND EN4CINEEFINc DATA

SECION V

EFFECT DATA

PeneL-ation----- ---------------------

9. Penetration. The average penetration of homogeneous armor pl~ate by 75-mm HEAT Shell M6is 3 inches.

HUtI 75A.309

Ballistic Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.Handbook of Ballistic and Aberdeen Proving Ground,Engineering Data for Ammunition, Maryland.No. 75-1-309 6 March 1949

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERNG DATA

for

Shell, HE, 75-mx, M309

with

Fuze, PD, M48A2 or M51A4

Section___._

I General --.------------ 1

I Description - --------- 2 - 4II Interior ballistic data ----.-- 5TV Exterior ballistic data 6 - ?

V Effect data -------------- 8

SECTION I

GENERAL

Purpose -- ------- --- ---- --- --- ---- --- ---- - 1

1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-

natior regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 7-rm High Explosive Shell M309 with

the ! -int Detonating Fuze M48A2 or M51A4. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, and

firing tables pertaining to this ammunition.

@I

RLH 75.1-309 BA~LLSTC AND ENCJNEE1RING DATA2

£f0

CY

w -)

'IiI

_ I rto

_ _ _ to

FOR SHELL HE 75-MM M309 BRLH 75-1.3092.4

SECTION 11

DESCRIPTIO

Paragraph

D raw ings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 2Dimensions --.------- --- ---- ------------------------- 3Physical characteristics .....- ........--...------ ---------- 4

2. Drawings.

Shell: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-365Booster M21A4: Assembly 73-2-154Fuze M48A2: Assembly 73-2-140

Details 73-2-143 etc.Fuze M51A4: Assembly 73-2-145

Details 73-2-143 etc.

3. Dimensions.

Boattail: Angle 9o00Length 0.325 cal

Band: Distance from boattail 0.43 calDistance from base 0.775 calWidth 0.115 cal

Cylindrical body, Length 127 cal

ogive: Length 1.19 calRadius of arc 7.45 cal

Fuze: Length (outside) 1.265 cal

Length: Shell 3.785 calShell and fuze 5.05 calOgive and fuze 2.455 cal

4. Physical characteristlIcs. The HE Shell M309 is a modification of the HE Shell M48.

Mean weight: Zone 1 14.10 lbZone 2 (standard) 14.40 lbZone 3 14.70 lb

IALUSTIC AND ENGINERING DATA.7

SECTION M

INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

Paragraph

Theoretical yaw In bore - - -- ------------------ 5

5. Theoretical yaw in bore.

Mnimum 5.4 minMaximum 10.2 min

SECTION IV

EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

ParagraphAerodynamic za- - ............-..... ....-..------- ---------- 6Firing table da a- ....-..........--...-...---------------- 7

6. Ar'ttodynimle data.

Drag function G

Form factor (from time of flight) 1.08

Ballistic coefficient 1.53

Muzzle velocity 1000 fps

Drag coefficient, KD 0.077

7. Firing table data. FT 75-BB-1.

Rile, 75-nim, M20 (Recoilless). Twist of rifling: 1/22. Projectile weight: 14.40 lb. Mu: .le

velocity: 990 fps. OCM items 2790 and 28547 recommenied and approved standardizaton of the 75-mm

Rifle M20 and the HE Shell M309 with the PD Fuze M5IA4. The fi.r'ng tables are alb. applicatle t. the HE

Shell M309 with the PD Fuze M48 and modifications of it.

4

FOR HEL HE 75-K h3D9BRUi 75. 1-309

I .1TFTTT "-,,r

g FO FATOR- ELEVATION CURVE (PROJ.TYPE ).F:--44

-- 4.-4

1.05

BflH 754.-3W BALLIS'TlC AND LNCJNEEJNIC DATA

140

i flow

FOR SHELL. HE. 75-KK M309 BRL.H 75-009

d TERMINAL VELWTY - RANCE A4---- TIME OF FLIC4iT RANGE CURVES .4-I I f

4-

-1 -4

OF FUGHT 50

-4-

looo + 40+ -4

4

TERMINAL VELOCITY

900 4- 30

4800 204-

>

4-

;Z74+ 4-

700 cr- - I T-1

w-4

LL

R0ZE- RD X600 - +

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

BRLH- 75.1.309 BALUTMl AND ENU.NERdNG DATA

k4!'T-RANGE CURVE At--t~I 4

4- -4. 2i4 jV~j

Ioi-!-I4+H- -_ X I

I-?-

T77-7-_______________

_44-........'.GE'~URNGEYAR ____+

o 2000 0050600 700

8-

FOR SHELL HE. 75.M M A309 BRLM 75-1.309

ELEATON EMAL ANGOMLE OF STE 1

-4-

If T.----- EL ION ANGE OFClOMLEMETA9

BRLJi 75-1.309 B ALUSTC AOD ENGINMEIUNG DATA

7w

44 ~ ~ 42 4+47-

At I -----.- ~ i

I. * 1-,

'A ___--7~-

o_________

-RANG EFETO 'ONINRAEI WIH FP

4. "t

I YARDS:

400

FMi 5)WELI HE M5W W309 BRuM 7->.L"?

L)jRANGE EFFECT OF I FPS lNCREASE fN MUZZLE VELDGITY

S . . , 1.* ~ ,* - t-.-

-uj--- 4 - -

Jf IMG i i~~E IN AIR I PRTR

-4 4~11~ 1RAGE YARDS .

00 -lO ow 3000 4000 5000 6s00 70o

J-t I

DRLH 75-1-309 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA7N

n-)i v-P R1>~i -H+ +)RANGE EFFECT OF IMPH REARWIND r t.fl

I t

5 -14i1iRANGE -YARDS

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60

01 -rRAIGE EFFECT OF 1% INCREASE IN AIR DENSITY

I it It I III tI 1r

U) ~ ~ 1LLLJ4~LWtTL~

T-12

FOR SHELL. HE. 75.MtA M309 BRLH 75.1.309a

SECTION V

EFFECT DATA

-- Paragraph

Fragmentation -.-. .-..-....-..-..-....- ..- .- 88. Fragmentation, Thie fragmentation of the Pr Shell M309 should be approximately the =ame as

that of the HE Shell M48*, of which it is a modification. For data on fragmentation of the M48 Shell, seeBRL2 75-1-48.

13

H R.I4 75-1-310!

BallistIc Research Laboratories Ballistic Reseaecn Lab.Handbook of Ballistic and Aberdeen Proving Ground,Englneerbig Data or Ammunition, Maryland.No. 75-1-310 8 March 1949

BALL1 T1C AND EN4GINEERING DATAfor

Shell, HEAT, 75-am, M310

with

Fuze, BD, M62A1 or MI

Section

I General --- - ------------ 1

ii Description ------------ 2-4

m Interior ballistic data - - - 5

IV Exterior ballistic data - - 6 - 7

V Effect data -- --------- 8

SECTION I

GENERAL

PragraE

Purpose - -I------------------------------1

i. Purpose. rhe purpose of this numoer of the handbook Is to furnish a concise collection of infor-

mation regarding the shape, dynamics, balhstics and effects of the 7b-mm High Explosive Antitank Shell

M310 with the Base Djetonating Fuze M62A1 or M91. This information is collected from the drawings, re-

ports, and firing tables pertaining to this ammunition.

.~

_I

BRLH 75-1-310 BA.LUSTIC AND ENGINFEIJNG DATA2

I w

~103 Iz

C I

so4

wt

_1 212

I

_ _ i _

FOR SHELL. HEAT. 73-MM M310 BRLH 75.1-3102-3.

DESCPIPTION

rawings . 2

Dimensions -............................ 3Physical characteristics -. - . . . . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . .- . . ..- . .- .- 4

2, Drawings.

Shell: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-368Ogive assembly, cone and details 75-2-315

Fuze, BD, M62AI: Assembly 73-2-188Details 73-2-169 170 and 171

Fuze, BD, M91: Assembly 73-2-29Details 73-2-169, 170 and 240

3. Dimensions.

Fuze, BD, M91: Length (outside) .19 cal

Boattail: Angle 9000Length 0.33 cal

Band: Distance from boattail 0.43 calDistance from base 0.7e calWidth 0.115 cal

Body: Length of cylindrical part 2.26 calLength of ogival part 0.51 calRadius of arc 7.45 cal

Union: Length 0.17 cal

Ogive: Length !,'17 calAngle 290'

Length: Body 3.10 calOgive and union 1.94 calShell 5.04 calOgive, union, and ogival part of body 2.45 calShell and Fuze M91 5.23 cal

Note: Fze, BD, M62A1 is entirely inside of shell body.

BRLH 75..310 BALISTIC AND FNGINEERING DATA4 .7

N

4. Physical characteristics. The HEAT Shell M310 is a modification of the HEAT Shell M66. Its

standard weight is 13.08 lb.

SECTION III

INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

Paragraph

Theoretical yaw in bore - - ---- --------------- 5

5. Theoretical yaw in bore.

Minimum 5.4 minMaximum 10.3 min

SECTION IV

EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA

EE rph

Aerodynamic data ......- ............-.......---------------- 6Firing table data ......- ............-......---------------- 7

6. Aerodynamic data. )Drag function G2

Form factor (from time of flight) 1.23

Ballistic coefficient 1.22

Muzzle velocity 1000 fps

Drag coefficient, KD 0.087

7. Firing table data. FT 75-BB-i.

Rifle, 75-mm, M20 (Recoilless). Twist of rifling: 1/22. Projectile weight: 13.1 lb. Muzzle

velocity: 1000 fps. OCM items 27907 and 28547 recommended and approved standardization of the 75-mm

Rifle M20 and the HEAT Shell M310.

a. Form factor and ballistic coefficient (Proj Type 6). The following values apply at all elevations:

i 6 0.84

C 6 = 1.781

44

FOR SHELL HEAT, 75-MMK M310 Bp1"- 75-t-310

1 ELEVATION -RANGE AND IiV fjpiANGLEOCF FALL- RANGEIIP* 4

_0 ELVAlOl~

1-4 ANGAEGO-

200 c IE FFiGT'

:lj-v-1--~ ~ F SO20 ~ O30 5~

ii -45

BRL1-1 75-1-310 BALUISTIC AND ENCINEERNG DATA7

LTT TId.DEFLEOTiON EFFECSO DiT ' '' 4AND 10MPH LATERAL WIND .L

j-4 4--1-

ITI0- pL~±

4I

-4 NGEO' IEIDs t F4+

T-z OR

;:I:&: ;_41TTt

lilt i00f0 ao 5 0030

8 I 1-

_jS

FOR S.HELL HEAT. 75-MM. 14310 BR~iH 75-1.310

£.RANGE EFFECTS OF-I FPS INCREASE~ IN MUZZLE VELOCITY (1000FPS IS STANDARD),*jj]

16F INCREASE IN AIR TEMPERATURE (59OF IS STANDARD),I 1MPH REAR WIND (0 MPH IS STANDARD),-

+ 1% INCREASE IN AIR DENSITY (100%) IS STANDARD)

tt

T7Ir + H4

BRL1 75.1-310 BALUSTIC AND ENC4NEERING DATA

)

SECTION V

EFFECT DATA

Paxagraph

Penetration ......- ............- ...------------------ 8

S. Penetration. The a- rage penetration of homogeneous armor plate by 75-mm HEAT Shell M310

is 3 Inches.

I

--1

2