BALLB Ist Sem

Kinship & republic Refrence of ramayan and mahabharat period Kautilya Manu Shukra Administration of mauryas and Guptas Justice and law Concept of dand Alauddin khilji Shershah Akbar Shivaji Raja Surajmal Condition of women Sati

Kinship And Republic in Ancient IndiaIt refers to the family relationship through

blood, adoption or marriage.It is a system that indicates the specific

mode of behaviour each and every possible form of relationship between the individuals in a society.

India is an facinating country.There are many regions there were

republic, areas without king in ancient india.

REFRENCES OF MAHABHARAT & RAMAYAN

In chapter 107/108 of shantiparva is a detailed narration by bheeshma pitaamah to yudhishtir about the features of republics in india

Bheeshma states that when there were is unity among the people of republic that becomes powerful and its people become prosperous.

The ramayan is one of the great epics of hinduism in india.

It depicts the duties of relationships portraying ideal character like the ideal father ,servant, brother wife and the king

KautilyaIn the age of 6yrs, he display a good memory

power regarding current affairs general knowledge and geographical statistics.

He could recollect details of 213 countries and can annswer question about worls geography,per capita income,GDP, economy etc.

Psycologist from kurukshetra university have noted the grasping power of kautilya and xpress their investigate his recalling capacity.

It has been derived from sanskrit word Manusmriti.

The text of manusmriti,known as the law of manu,present as a discourse given by the sage manu.

It stands for manu’s patra read in hindi. He was founded in the year 2000 by founder

Deepak Kapoor who is the present CEO of the company.

He tagges as pioneers in online legal research in india is one of the largest internet legal database providers in india.

He provides legal,taxation,business policy content in online.

During this period Brihaspati became the guru of devdas.

Due to hatred sukracarya bore towards vishnu for what he perceived as the murder of his mother.

He helpede them achieve victory over the devdas and used his knowledge to revive the dead and wounded among them.

ADMINISTRATION OF MAURYA & GUPTAS

The king chandragupta was not only a great warrior wizard but he was also an administrator of the highest class.

The system of administration was based on democratic pattern.

All powers and authorities were vested in the king emperor.

The emperor was considered as a senapati of his army and chief judge of the administrator of justice and also religious founder.

Justice and law about justice infuse nearly all spheres of social life, from how great harms in the past such as colonial violence or genocide.

Law is one place where justice and power meet.

Law both coerces us and make possible our coperation.

Justice and law provides tools to think and argue about what justice law is, how law works, how ideas and instituions evloved over time and in different parts of the world.

Laws, relationships are to justice, conflict resolution and legitimate authority as well as to social stability, equity, and change.

Concept of DandConcept of Dand

. In ancient India, punishments were generally sanctioned by the ruler, but other legal officials could also play a part.

The punishments that were handed out were in response to criminal activity. In the Hindu law tradition, there is a counterpart to daṇḍa which is prāyaścitta, or atonement.

Whereas daṇḍa is sanctioned primarily by the king, prāyaścitta is taken up by a person upon his or her own volition.

Daṇḍa provides a way for an offender to right any violations of dharma that he or she may have committed. In essence, daṇḍa functions as the ruler's tool to protect the system of life stages and castes.

128–129 Daṇḍa makes up a part of vyavahāra, or legal procedure, which was also a responsibility afforded to the king.[1]:128–129

Alaudin Khilji

Ala-ud-din Khilji (Arabic: عالءالدینالخلجی; died 1316), born as Juna Khan Khilji,[1] was the second ruler of the Khilji dynasty in Northern India, reigning from 1296 to 1316.

His attack on Chittor in 1303 CE to capture the queen of Chittor, Rani Padmini, the wife of King RawalRatan Singh and the subsequent story have been immortalized in the epic poem Padmavat, written by Malik Muhammad Jayasi in the Awadhi language in the year 1540.[4]

Shah Suri (1486 – 22 May 1545) (Dari/Pashto: فريدخانشيرشاہسوري – FarīdXānŠerŠāhSūrī][7]

Sher, birth name Farid Khan, also known as Sher Khan, "The Lion King") was the founder of the Sur Empire in North India, with its capital at Delhi.

An ethnic Pashtun, Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1540. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah became his successor. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal army under Babur and then as the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Khan overran the state of Bengal and established the Sur dynasty.

A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself a gifted administrator as well as an able general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar the Great, son of Humayun.[8]

Akbar• Akbar established a centralised system of

administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy.

• In order to preserve peace and order in a religiously and culturally diverse empire, he adopted policies that won him the support of his non-Muslim subjects.

• Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic state identity, Akbar strived to unite far-flung lands of his realm through loyalty, expressed through a Persianised culture, to himself as an emperor who had near-divine status.

ShivajiShivajiBhonsle (Marathi [ʃiʋaˑɟiˑ bʱoˑs(ə)leˑ]; c.

1627/1630[2] – 3 April 1680) was an Indian warrior king and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan.

Shivaji, in 1674, carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of an independent Maratha Empire with Raigad as its capital.

Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil rule with the help of a disciplined military and well-structured administrative organisations.

He innovated military tactics, pioneering the guerrilla warfare methods (Shiva sutra or ganimi kava), which leveraged strategic factors like geography, speed, and surprise and focused pinpoint attacks to defeat his larger and more powerful enemies.

Maharaja Suraj Mal (February 1707–25 December 1763) or Sujan Singh was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan, India.

A contemporary historian has described him as "the Plato of the Jat people" and by a modern writer as the "Jat Odysseus", because of his political sagacity, steady intellect and clear vision.

Women held very important position in ancient Indian society. There are evidences to suggest that woman power destroyed kingdoms and mighty rulers. Elango Adigal’sSillapathigaram mentioned that Madurai, the capital of Pandyas was burnt, whenPandyan ruler Nedunchezhiyan killed a woman’s husband by mistake.

Vyasa’s Mahabharata tells the story of the fall of Kauravas because they humiliated Draupadi.Valmiki’s Ramayana is also about the annihilation of Ravana when abducted and tried to marry Sita forcibly. The plethora of Goddesses in ancient period was created to instill respect for women. Ardhanareshwar (God is half-man and half-woman) was highly worshipped. Women were allowed to have multiple husbands. They could leave their husbands. In the vedic society women participated in religious ceremonies and tribal assemblies. There is no seclusion of women from domestic and social affairs but they were dependent on their male relatives throughout their lives. The system of Sati existed among the Aryans in the earlier period. The hymns of the Rig-Veda, the Adharva Veda show that it was still customary for the widow to lay symbolically by the side of her husband’s corpse on the funeral, forced child marriages were unknown. Women could choose their husbands through a type of marriage cal1ed Swayamvara

SatiSati Sati (Devanagari: सती�, the feminine of sat "true"; also

spelled suttee)refers to a funeral ritual within some Asian communities in which a recently widowed woman immolates herself, typically on the husband's funeral pyre. 

Mention of the practice can be dated back to 4th century BCE. While evidence of practice only appears from the 5th - 9th centuries CE. Practice is considered to have been originated within the warrior aristocracy on the Indian subcontinent, gradually gaining in popularity from the 10th century CE to other groups and becoming generally sanctioned/recommended by the doctrines around the 12th century CE. With the military expansions outside of Indian subcontinent, the practice has been attested to have been practiced in a number of localities in Southeast Asia, such as at Indonesia.

The practice was outlawed by the British Raj in 1829 within their own territories in India.

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