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BAHAI TEMPLE
I
BAHAI TEMPLE FOR BAHAI FAITH
LUBBOCK, TEXAS
i PRESENTED TO:
PROFESSOR A.N. SENGUPTA
DIVISION OF ARCHITECTURE
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE COURSE ARCH 422: ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
SECTION (2)
BY:
MANOOCHEHR MISSAGHY
J ? ••>
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
A.
B
INTRODUCTION
A01 What is a Bahai Faith?
A02 Purpose of Bahai Temple
BACKGROUND
B01 Bahai Temple
B02 Requirement for Bahai Temple
B03 Supporters
B04 Establishment
B05 History of Bahai Temple
B06 Organization
B07 Local Communities
BOS National Communities
B09 National Level
B010 World Communities
B011 consultation
B012 Past, Present and Future
<o> \
/,<*>. N I
c.
B013
B014
B015
B016
B017
COI
C02
COS
C04
C05
C06
C07
C08
C09
C010
coil
C012
C013
C014
Institution of Bahai Temple
The Spiritual Significance of Bahai Temple
Lubbock Map
The Origins of Lubbock and Lubbock Today
History of the Bahai Faith in Lubbock
Goals and Objectives
To invite the learning of universal peace.
To provide spaces that encourage interaction
To provide durable equipment.
To stimulate continual interest in mankind.
To seek self-improvement of each person.
To seek group improvement of the mankind.
Objectives
To provide access for the handicapped.
To provide a gathering place for education.
To provide adequate parking.
To provide pleasant landscaping.
To provide environmental control.
Conclusion of Goals
Problem
D.
D01
D02
D03
D04
DOS
D06
D07
DOS
D09
D010
Activity Analysis
Learning Activities
Cultural Activities
Auditorium Activities
Administration Activities
Service Activities
Mechanical Activities
Library Activities
Book Store Activities
Printing-House Activities
Janitor Activities
E.
E01
E02
E03
E04
Site Analysis
Lubbock (Location)
Site (Location)
Site Selected
Site Usage
F.
F01
F02
Space Summary
Space Lists
Cumulation
< ^
/W\ s
D.
D01
D02
DOS
D04
DOS
D06
D07
DOS
D09
D010
E.
E01
E02
EOS
E04
F.
F01
F02
Activity Analysis
Learning Activities
Cultural Activities
Auditorium Activities
Administration Activities
Service Activities
Mechanical Activities
Library Activities
Book Store Activities
Printing-House Activities
Janitor Activities
Site Analysis
Lubbock (Location)
Site (Location)
Site Selected
Site Usage
Space Summary
Space Lists
Cumulation
>
FOS
F04
FOS
G.
G01
G02
GOS
G04
GOS
G06
G07
GOS
G09
G010
G011
G012
Cost Analysis
Building Materials
Funding of Bahai Temple
Detailed Space List
Auditorium Detailed
Convention Hall
Director Room
Offices
Library
Book Store
Printing House
Teaching Area
Restrooms
Storage
Janitor Rooms
Mechanical Room
w
H. Code
Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
\Z1/
STATEMENT OF THE PROJECT
A. INTRODUCTION
A01 What is the Bahai Faith?
The Bahai Faith is the newest of the world religions
But only recently has the public come to recognize that
it is in fact a major religion - one worth of study and
reflection.
Bahaullah, the founder of the Bahai Faith was born
in Persia in 1817. He died in 1892, a religious exile
banished to the Holy Land. He taught that the time had
come for the people of the world to unite in a common
faith and a common social order.
- < § >
A02 Purpose of Bahai Temple
The purpose of a house of worship is to bring men and
women together in unity. "For thousands of years the human
race has been at war." It is enough for thousands of
years the nations have denied each other, considering each
other as infidel and inferior. It is sufficient. We must
now realize that we are the servants of one God. That we
turn to one beneficent Father, live under one divine law,
seek one reality and have one desire.
The auditorium of the temple is open to all people
for prayer and meditation. No race or religion is barred.
Services here are not elaborate. There is no ritualism
. or set form. Bahais have no professional clergy to pre
side. Sermons or lectures are not permitted in the audi
torium. Services are for prayer, meditation, and the
reading of selections from the sacred scriptures of the
3
Bahai Faith and the other great faiths of the world.
The only music is by soloists and a cappella choir.
The facilities for the Bahai Temple in Lubbock will be
for 1000 people. Of course this capacity is for this
time and if necessary in future may be built another
Bahai Temple. Close to this area.
9
BACKGROUND \o
BACKGROUND
B. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
B01 Bahai Temple (House of Worship)
Bahaullah was the founder of the Bahai Faith. And
among his teachings was a plan for community center.
Bahaullah wrote that in every community there should be
a beautiful house of worship open to all men and women for
prayer and meditation. This building should be surround
ed by scientific, educational, and humanitarian institu
tions including housing and recreation to apply religion
in all phases of life.
_
w
B.
BACKGROUND
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
B01 Bahai Temple (House of Worship)
Bahaullah was the founder of the Bahai Faith. And
among his teachings was a plan for community center.
Bahaullah wrote that in every community there should be
a beautiful house of worship open to all men and women for
prayer and meditation. This building should be surround
ed by scientific, educational, and humanitarian institu
tions including housing and recreation to apply religion
in all phases of life.
—(O \i
B02 Requirement for Bahai Temple
Each Bahai Temple is to have nine sides this is the
only architectural requirement in the Bahai teaching. Nine
is the largest single number and symbolizes comprehensive
ness, oneness, and unity.
BOS Supporters
The supporters of the Bahai Temple in this area are
Bahai members in Lubbock because number of them is about
894 and the basically more than half of them living close
to the Bahai Temple
B04 Establishment
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BOS History of Bahai Temple
The first Bahai Temple dedicated on 1902 and on
August 2S, 196S, the Universal House of Justice announced
to the Bahai world that the Bahai Temple in "Ishqabad"
U.S.S.R. the first Bahai Temple raised to the glory of
Bahaullah, had been demolished by the authorities and
the site cleared. It was in an unsafe condition due to
damage by earthquake. This temple builded on 1902.
B06 Organization
B07 Local Communities
In areas where there are nine or more adult Bahais
a local spiritual assembly is elected annually. It is
an autonomous body, taking into consideration when
making decision, the guidance of the Bahai writings,
decisions of national and world bodies, as well as the
needs of the local area.
1
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BOS National Communities
BOS
Each year delegates representing the local com
munities meet at conventions and elect the national spiri
tual assembly of nine members. This body makes decisions
for the advancement of the faith at the national level.
It coordinates and guides the activities of the local
spiritual assemblies.
B010 World Community
Members of the National Spiritual Assemblies elect
the Universal House of Justice, the v7orld-governing body
of the Bahai Faith. Its references are the inspired
writing of the Faith, and the spiritual guidance that
is available to Bahais when in prayerful consultation.
In Bahai election nominations, electioneering and
lobbying are not allowed.
<§)
<o>
B011 Consultation
The essential feature of Bahai decision-making is
consultation. Each person expresses his point of view
openly and honestly in an atmosphere of prayer. Thoughts,
once contributed to the consultation, no longer belong
to the individual.
A majority vote is acceptable, but consultation
usually results in unanimity.
Decisions made by Bahai Institution at any level
are binding on all Bahais represented by those insti
tutions. Decisions may be changed at subsequent
meetings.
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B012 Past, Present and Future Prospects
The purpose of the built of Bahai Temple in different
areas of the world will be the center of the universal
peace, because Bahai life is one of harmony and unity.
Harmony and unity are based on love, respect and
justice. In justice, prejudice, all that destroys and
detracts from the fullness of human life, are the real
adversaries of mankind. Warfare accentuates misunder
standings and hatreds - it is no solution.
Consultation and co-operation are the only way of
overcoming the problems of mankind.
<§>
i
17
B012 Past, Present and Future Prospects
The purpose of the built of Bahai Temple in different
areas of the world will be the center of the universal
peace, because Bahai life is one of harmony and unity.
Harmony and unity are based on love, respect and
justice. In justice, prejudice, all that destroys and
detracts from the fullness of human life, are the real
adversaries of mankind. Warfare accentuates misunder
standings and hatreds - it is no solution.
Consultation and co-operation are the only way of
overcoming the problems of mankind.
#
7
B0)3 THE INSTITUTION OF THE
BAHAI TEMPLE
Many discerning minds have testified to the profoundly significant change
which has taken place during recent years in the character of popular religious
thinking. Religion has developed an entirely new emphasis, more especially for
the layman, quite independent of the older sectarian divisions.
instead of considering that religion is a matter of turning toward an ab
stract creed, the average religionist today is concerned with the practical ap
plications of religion to the problems of human life. Religion, in brief, after
having apparently lost its influence in terms of theology, has been restored more
powerfully than ever as a spirit of brotherhood, an impulse toward unity, and an
ideal making for a more enlightened civilization throughout the world.
Against this background, the institution of the Bahai Temple stands revealed
as the supreme expression of all those modern religious tendencies animated by
social ideals which do not repudiate the reality of spiritual experience but seek
to transform it into a dynamic striving tor unity. The Bahai Temple, when clearly
understood, gives the world its most potent agency tor applying mystical vision
or idealistic aspiration to the service of humanity. It makes visible and con
crete those deeper meanings and wider possibilities of religion which could not
be realized until the dawn of this universal age.
i
/A
The term Bahai Temple means literally, "Dawning-place of the praise of God."
TO appreciate the significance of this Bahai institution, we must lay aside
all customary ideas of the churches and cathedrals of the past. The Bahai Temple
fulfills the original intention of religion in each dispensation, before that
intention had become altered and veiled by human invention and belief.
The Bahai Temple is a channel releasing spiritual powers for social regenera
tion because it fills a different function than that assumed by the sectarian
church. Its essential purpose is to provide a community meeting place for all
who are seeking to worship God, and achieves this purpose by interposing no man-
made veils between the worshipper and the Supreme. Thus, the Bahai Temple is
freely open to people of all Faiths on equal terms, who now realize the universal
ity of Bahaullah in revealing the oneness of all the Prophets. Moreover, since
the Bahai Faith has no professional clergy, the worshipper entering the Temple
hears no sermon and takes part in no ritual the emotional effect of which is to
establish a separate group consciousness.
integral with the Temple are its accessory buildings, without which the
Bahai Temple would not be a complete social institution. These buildings are to
be devoted to such activities as a school for science, a hospice, a hospital, an
asylum for orphans. Here the circle of spiritual experience at last joins, as
prayer and worship are allied directly to creative service, eliminating the static
19
subjective elements from religion and laying a foundation for a new and higher
type of human association.
2o
Bo)9- THE SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
BAHAI TEMPLE
It Should be borne in mind that the central Edifice of the Bahai Temple,
round which in the fullness of time shall cluster such institutions of social
service as shall afford relief to the suffering, sustenance to the poor, shelter
to the wayfarer, solace to the bereaved, and education to the ignorant, should be
regarded apart from these Dependencies, as a House solely designed and entirely
dedicated to the worship of God in accordance with the few yet definitely pres
cribed principles established by Bahaullah in the Kitab-iAqdas. It should not be
inferred, however, from this general statement that the interior of the central
Edifice itself will be converted into a conglomeration of religious services con
ducted along lines associated with the traditional procedure obtaining in churches,
mosques, synagogues, and other temples of worship. Its various avenues of approach,
all converging towards the central Hall beneath its dome, will not serve as admit
tance to those sectarian adherents of rigid formulae and man-made creeds, each
bent, according to his way, to observe his rites, recite his prayers, perform his
ablutions, and display the particular symbols of his faith within separately de
fined sections of Bahaullah's Universal House of Worship. Far from the Bahai
Temple offering such a spectacle of incoherent and confused sectarian observances
and rites, a condition wholly incompatible with the provisions of the Aqdas and
^1
irreconcilable with the spirit it inculcates, the central House of Bahai worship,
enshrined within the Bahai Temple will gather within its chastened walls, in a
serenely spiritual atmosphere, only those who, discarding forever the trappings
of elaborate and ostentatious ceremony, are willing worshippers of the one true
God, as manifested in this age in the Person of Bahaullah. To them will the
Bahai Temple symbolize the fundamental verity underlying the Bahai Faith, that
religious truth is not absolute but relative, that Divine Revelation is not final
but progressive. Theirs will be the conviction that an all-loving and ever-watch
ful Father Who, in the past, and at various stages in the evolution of mankind,
has sent forth His Prophets as the Bearers of His Message and the Manifestations
of His Light to mankind, cannot at this critical period of their civilization
withhold from His children the Guidance which they sorely need amid the darkness
which has beset them, and which neither the light of science nor that of human
intellect and wisdom can succeed in dissipating. And thus having recognized in
Bahaullah the source whence this celestial light proceeds, they will irresistibly
feel attracted to seek the shelter of His House, and congregate therein, unham
pered by ceremonials and unfettered by creed, to render homage to the one true
God, the Essence and Orb of eternal Truth, and to exalt and magnify the name of
His Messengers and Prophets Who, from time inmiemorial even unto our day, have,
under divers circumstances and in varying measure, mirrored forth to a dark and
J:i
wayward world the light of heavenly Guidance.
But however inspiring the conception of Bahai worship, as v/itnessed in the
central Edifice of this exalted Temple, it cannot be regarded as the sole, nor
even the essential, factor in the part which the Bahai Temple, as designed by
Bahaullah, is destined to play in the organic life of the Bahai community. Divorced
from the social, humanitarian, educational and scientific pursuits centering around
the Dependencies of the Bahai Temple, Bahai worship, however exalted in its con
ception, however passionate in fervor, can never hope to achieve beyond the meagre
and often transitory results produced by the contemplations of the ascetic or the
communion of the passive worshipper. It cannot afford lasting satisfaction and
benefit to the worshipper himself, much less to humanity in general, unless and
until translated and transfused into that dynamic and disinterested service to the
cause of humanity which it is the supreme privilege of the Dependencies of the
Bahai Temple to facilitate and promote. Nor will the exertions, no matter how
disinterested and strenuous, of those who within the precincts of the Bahai Temple
will be engaged in administering the affairs of the future Bahai Commonwealth,
fructify and prosper unless they are brought into close and daily communion with
those spiritual agencies centering in and radiating from the central Shrine of
the Bahai Temple. Nothing short of direct and constant interaction between the
spiritual forces emanating from this House of Worship centering in the heart of
^?
the Bahai Temple, and the energies consciously displayed by those who administer
Its affairs in their service to humanity can possibly provide the necessary agency
capable of removing the ills that have so long and so grievously afflicted humanity,
For it is assuredly upon the consciouness of the efficacy of the Revelation of
Bahaullah, reinforced on one hand by spiritual communion with His Spirit, and on
the other by the intelligent application and the faithful execution of the princi
ples and laws He revealed, that the salvation of a world in travail must ultimate
ly depend. And of all the institutions that stand associated with His Holy Name,
surely none save the institution of the Bahai Temple can most adequately provide
the essentials of Bahai worship and service, both so vital to the regeneration of
the world. Therein lies the secret of the loftiness, of the potency, of the uni
que position of the Bahai Temple as one of the outstanding institutions conceived
by Bahaullah. • ^
JV
BAHAI FAITH
The Bahai Faith is the spiritual light of this age. Through this Faith the
refreshing breezes of love are renewing mankind.
God is the source of this soul-refreshing love. The one god of the entire
human race and of ALL RELIGIONS.
The manifestation of God for our time is BAHAULLAH, whose name means THE
LIGHT OF GOD.
With BAHAULLAH a new day has dawned in the history of mankind.
A NEW FAITH
Bahai is not an old religion done up; nor is it a sect of any existing reli
gion. It is a spiritual light of wonderful brilliance... a light greater than
any previous religion by itself... a light greater than Judaism greater than
Christianity than Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism. Each of these Faiths has been limited
in time and space and each exists separately.
BAHAI draws all previous religions together into ONE UNIVERSAL FAITH usher
ing in the dawn of a civilization that is based on the NEW REALITY that "The earth
is but one country, and mankind its citizens."
BAHAULLAH
Bahaullah is the central figure of the Bahai Faith. Through Him God has
once again revealed Himself to mankind. Bahaullah is God's Manifestation for this
J 2 ^
age and is SPIRITUALLY ONE WITH KRISHNA, MOSES, ZOROASTER, BUDDHA, CHRIST, MUHAMMAD,
THE BAB AND THE OTHER MANIFESTATIONS OF THE PAST. Through Bahaullah mankind is
being spiritually renewed and a new world civilization is arising. Acceptance
of Bahaullah and His teachings is the supreme challenge to modern man.
Bahaullah suffered in order to fulfil Christ's promise that God's Kingdom
will be established ON EARTH AS IT IS IN HEAVEN.
BAHAULLAH
Bahaullah's suffering was protracted throughout His lifetime. The sufferings
that each Manifestation of God endured and the intensity of their spiritual lives
released the creative energies necessary to refresh mankind and change the course
of history. 'Abdul-Baha has said of Bahaullah: "Now consider: One prisoner,
single and solitary, with no assistant, neither protector, moreover a foreigner,
a stranger, imprisoned in the fortress of 'Akka...
...Refer to all history. It has no parallel! No such event has ever taken place
before. That a stranger, alone and a prisoner, has succeeded in advancing His
cause, and been enabled to spread broadcast His Teachings, so that, eventually,
He was powerful enough to conquer the very king who banished Him.
...During all His lifetime He had no moment's rest! He did not pass one night
in restful sleep for His body!
...Bahaullah bore all these ordeals and catastrophes for this:
That our hearts might be illumined.
24,
That our spirits might become glad.
That our imperfections might be replaced with virtues.
That our ignorance might be transformed into knowledge.
In order that we might acquire the fruits of humanity and obtain Heavenly
graces."
BAHAI TEACHINGS
Bahai teachings affirm the basic teachings of previous religions and add
new teachings for the new age.
Just as Hinduism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam
have provided values and standards for people living in previous ages.
The Bahai Faith embodies the values and standards for life now and into the
centuries to come. The teachings express the spirituality of the Faith.
AS in all religions of the past, the essence is to be found in spiritual
communion with God. His creative power is expressed in life.
SPIRITUALITY
The Bahai Faith recognises that man is a spiritual being...spiritually link
ed with God. Love is the bond between man and God and between man and man. It
is the essence of unity.
Man's deepest response to God is not intellectual but emotional. Spirit
responds to Spirit. Bahaullah teaches that professional clergy are no longer
^ ^
*» It
necessary to establish the spiritual communion between man and God. Man is now
spiritually mature and must accept this responsibility for himself. Spiritual
power is always available to man...it is never withheld. It is the source of
tranquility and creative power. Each person may choose, however, whether or not
he will avail himself of this spiritual power and so become a channel of God's
love.
GOD IS ONE AND UNKNOWABLE
In these days each person should investigate truth for himself. Spiritual
ity is a dimension of life and is not in conflict with science, education or
intellectual endeavour. Intelligence and reason are instruments for probing
reality. However, human intelligence, individually or collectively, is limited.
Human intelligence can never understand all there is to know, nor can it ever
penetrate the infinite mystery of God.
GOD IS ONE
This teaching is the very centre of the Bahai Faith. It is a key to the
understanding of all other teachings.
REVELATION IS PROGRESSIVE
God has been, is, and ever will be infinitely wonderful beyond the under
standing of mankind. The Spirit of God, however, its manifest from time to time
in rare spiritual beings who are called Manifestations of God. Krishna, Moses,
as
Zoroaster, Buddha, Christ, Muhammad and the Bab were former Manifestations of God
Who revealed God's message to mankind.
Bahaullah is the Manifestation of God for the present age. Others, spiri
tually one with the Manifestations of the past, will follow Him. Such manifesta
tions are, at the same time, human and divine. In their humanity they are limited
as men are limited. In their divinity they are perfect channels of God's spirit.
Each brings new understanding for His time and place. Each refreshes man's love
and spiritual powers. Each creates a new civilization in the evolution of mankind.
THE MANIFESTATIONS OF GOD ARE A LIVING WITNESS TO THE UNITY OF THE SPIRIT OF GOD.
RELIGIONS ARE SPIRITUALLY ONE
Religions that have resulted from the lives and teachings of God's Manifesta
tions from a spiritual unity although their outward forms are - different. Each
Manifestation adds the new social teachings and laws necessary for the new Age.
These are temporary and subject to periods of development and decay. The spiri
tual teachings, however, are eternal.
All men who worship God are one in the unity of spirit. Because of this
unity, Bahaullah teaches that if religion separates mankind by causing disunity
IT IS NOT EXPRESSING THE SPIRIT OF GOD. As the Manifestations are spiritually
one, so religion is one. HARMONJ AND UNITY EXPRESS THE WILL OF GOD.
MAN - ONE FAMILY
^ 9
<o> A new day in the history of mankind has already dawned, THE WORLD IS NOW
ONE WORLD. Since Bahaullah gave His teachings to the world there have been over
a hundred years of progress towards racial equality. The Bahai Faith has influenced
the formation of the League of Nations, which has been followed by the United
Nations in which there is no discrimination between the representatives of any
race. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other statements and aims
of the United Nations also embody Bahai principles.
A beautiful thing about Bahais is their delight in racial and cultural
differences. People from all over the world welcome and respect each other
and work together with utmost harmony. In a marriage between people of different
races and cultures the essential thing is the love and respect that each has
for the other. In the Bahai Faith, those whose hearts have been set aglow by
the energizing influence of God's love, cherish people as people and recognize
in their differences the signs of God's reflected glory.
PREJUDICE FADES'AWAY
Prejudice of religion, race, class, nation, colour, divide mankind and
cause conflict, hatred and warfare. Consciousness of the oneness of God, of
His Manifestations, of religion, and of mankind, causes prejudices to fade
away. This is the day of unity. The way is now open for people to be drawn
towards each other as people, and enjoy their differences.
3o
<5> EDUCATION FOR ALL MANKIND
Each person in this world has a right to education. Each is born with
potential for fulfilment as a human being. Education and religion should com
bine in the harmonious development of physical, intellectual, emotional, social,
and spiritual powers. There need be no conflict between religion and science.
The more man discovers about reality, the more he reveals the wonders of God.
Through education, science and religion, man is privileged to penetrate
more deeply into the mysteries of the universe and to share in the creative
powers of God. Religion helps man to direct his discoveries to those ends
which add to his civilization and progress. Bahaullah teaches that the educa
tion of women is more important than the education of men. Mothers are the first
teachers of the next generation.
Ill-will and prejudice may arise from difficulties in communication when
people do not speak the same language. In the one world of today a universal,
auxiliary language is as essential as the mother tongue. By retaining the mother
tongue, distinctive cultures will not be lost...A WORLD CULTURE KILL BE GAINED.
WORK IS WORSHIP
For Bahais, work that is done in the spirit of service is worship. Men
should enjoy the fruits of their labours, and contribute to the welfare of
others. Work should be meaningful and joyful. Extremes of riches and poverty
',ui
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^\
<o> are undesirable. Justice requires that such extremes should be eliminated.
The work of the Faith is financed from the Bahai Funds. Contributions to these
funds are purely voluntary and confidential. Only Bahais have the privilege
and responsibility of contributing.
EQUAL STATUS OF MEN AND WOMEN
At no point in history have men and women enjoyed equal status. Bahaullah
has done away with this inequality. In Bahai, women are spiritually equal to
men and have equal rights, privileges, education, and opportunities. Equality
does not mean sameness. Each has special capacities and functions. Men and
women complement each other. As in all other aspects of life, differences contri
bute to the enrichment of humanity.
UNIVERSAL PEACE
Bahai life is one of harmony and unity. Harmony and unity based on love,
respect and justice. Injustice, prejudice, all that destroys and detracts from
the fullness of.human life, are tne real adversaries of mankind. Warfare accen
tuates misunderstandings and hatreds. It is no solution. Consultation and co
operation are the only- ways of overcoming the problems of mankind. Bahais co
operate with the United Nations as a necessary step forward on the path to ef
fective world federal union. The Bahai institutions themselves form a pattern
for the future development of a functional international body. All teachings
^^ • - - ~ — — . — - • - —
of the Faith lead to international understanding and worldmindednessi There
is no greater glory than service in the cause of peace
"The spiritual brotherhood which is enkindled and established through the breaths ot the Holy Spirit unites nations and removes the cause of v;arfare and strife.
It transforms mankind into one great family and establishes the foundations of the oneness of humanity.
It promulgates the spirit of international agreement and insures Universal Peace."
•Abdul-Baha, Bahai World Faith
SPIRITUAL BASIS FOR ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE
values form the basis of all economic, social and political decisions.
Atomic reactions may be used to enrich life or destroy it, depending on values.
A political decision may wipe out racial injustice or increase it, depending
upon the values held by the members of the government. An economic decision
may redistribute income from rich to poor, or it may increase inequalities, de
pending on the values of the decision makers.
bahaullah confirms values such as purity, goodness, love and kindness
that have been expressed consistently"by God's Manifestations of the past. De
cisions arising from them lead to the betterment of mankind.
In a world characterized by locial, economic and political inequalities,
Bahaullah states that "Tt.e best beloved ot all things in my sight is justice."
3^
AS Bahai values, such as are now embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, are implemented, a new era is emerging.
THIS RADIANT CENTURY
This is a century when civilization is being made new! All things are
changing. Science and technology are transforming life. Much ot the past has
already been discarded. Social customs are being revolutionized. Cherished
ideas and theories may be fruitless. Values and standards are turning upside
down. Man's creativity is being released. His capacity for organization has
emerged. He thinks on a global scale. mankind, however, is suffering the birth-
pangs of the new era, and the death-pangs of the old.
Bahaullah has promised that the turmoil and suffering of this period will
end and be replaced by the era of THE MOST GREAT PEACE THE DAY OF UNITY IS AT
HAND.
BAHAI LAWS
Bahai is a positive religion. Its purpose is that men and women achieve
their highest potential in the World Order delineated by Bahaullah, and promised
as the 'Kingdom of God on earth', when people live in harmony with God, the
Lite Spirit that created and sustains them. They express their best selves.
Bahai teachings and laws are for a new era, against the background of the wide
ly varying customs now seen in the world. All Bahai Teachings lead to personal
^9
completeness and social harmony.
THE BAHAI ftPMINISTRATIVE ORDER
The Bahai Administrative Order is part of the whole Dody of the Faith. The
dynamic power comes from God as a source of inspiration. "TO dissociate the administrative principles of t"\^ause from the purely spiritual and humanitarian teachings would be tantamount to a mutilation of the body of the Cause...
Shoghi Eftendi, world Order of Bahaullah
Local communities - in areas where there are nine or more adult Bahais, a local
spiritual Assembly is elected annually. It is an autonomous body, taking into
consideration when making decisions, the guidance of the Bahai Writings, decisions
of national and world bodies, as well as the needs of the local area.
National conanunities - Each year delegates representing the local communities
meet at convention and elect the National Spiritual Assembly of nine members.
This body makes decisions for the advancement of the Faith at the national level.
It co-ordinates and guides the activities of the local Spiritual Assemblies.
^^^rJASOBB-i^ - »-*-- °^ " ^ ^ ^ " ° " " ' '^'"'"'' Assemblies elect the Universal
House Of .ustice, tne world-governing body of tne Bahai Faith. Its references
are the inspired writings of the Faith, and the spiritual guidance that is avail
able to Bahais when in prayerful consultation.
in Bahai elections nominations, electioneering and lobbying are not allowed.
?
NUMBER "9" IN BAHAI FAITH AND RELIGIOUS UNITY
The basicly number "9" is the largest single number and symbolizes compre
hensiveness, oneness and unity. And this unity came from religious unity and
all religions share a common foundation. All the prophets of God proclaim the
same faith.
Mankind is one people of all races, nations economic groups and religious
backgrounds are equal in the sight of God.
Never, perhaps, did the world seem farther from religious unity than in the
nineteenth century. For many centuries'had the great religious conmmities -
the Zoroastrian, Mosaic, Buddhist, Christian, Muhammadan and others - been exist
ing sid€ by side, but instead of blending together into a harmonious whole they
had been at constant enmity and strife, each against the others. Not only so,
but each had become split up, by division after division, into an increasing num
ber of sects which were often bitterly opposed to each other. Yet Christ had
said: "By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one
to another," and Muhamn ad had said: "This your religion is the one religion....
TO you hath God prescribed the faith which He commanded unto Noah, and which
we have revealed unto thee, and which We commanded unto Abraham and Moses and
Jesus saying: 'Observe this faith, and be not divided into sects therein!'"
The Founder of every one of the great religions had called His followers to
love and unity, but in every case the aim of the Founder was to a large extent J^ ^/-
lost sight of m a welter of intolerance and bigotry, formalism and hypocrisy,
corruption and misrepresentation, schism and contention. The aggregate number
of more or less hostile sects in the world was probably greater at the commence
ment of the Bahai era than at any previous period in human history. It seemed
as if humanity at that time were experimenting with every possible kind of reli
gious belief, with every possible sort of ritual and ceremonial observance, with
every possible variety of moral code.
At the same time an increasing number of men were devoting their energies
to fearless investigation and critical examination of the laws of nature and the
foundations of belief. New scientific knowledge was being rapidly acquired and
new solutions were being found for many of the problems of life. The develop
ment of inventions such as steamship and railway, postal system and press, greatly
aided the diffusion of ideas and the fertilizing contact of widely different
types of thought and life.
The so-called "conflict between religion and science" became a fierce battle.
In the Christian world Biblical criticism combined with physical science to dis
pute, and to some extent to refute, the authority of the Bible, an authority that
for centuries had been the generally accepted basis of belief. A rapidly increasing
proportion of the population became sceptical about the teachings of the churches.
A large number even of religious priests secretly or openly entertained doubts or
reservations regarding the creeds adhered to by their resoectivc denoiainations.
?'~
This ferment and flux of opinion, with increasing recognition of the in
adequacy of the old orthodoxies and dogmas, and groping and striving after ful
ler knowledge and understanding, were not confined to Christian countries, but
were manifest, more or less, and in different forms, among the people of all
countries and religions.
BOJ5
THE CITY OF LUBBOCK
SITE O PLANNING UNITS
3'> l\
THE ORIGINS OF LUBBOCK AND LUBBOCK TODAY
Initial settlement of Lubbock and the South Plains was the result of the
westward spread of farming and ranching activities across the southwest. The
merger of two towns in 1891 formed a single unincorporated town in a new loca
tion which became the seat of Lubbock County. After the turn of the century,
cotton production was introduced in the area, supplementing the primary crop of
sorghum grain and brought about an increased need for transportation connections
to established markets. The essential rail connection was finally established
in 1910. The line split the developing area and thereafter tne west side gra
dually became the most preferred residential location. The railroad produced
a boom psychology in the area compelling incorporation and the first signifi
cant street paving and utility construction work.
The establishment of Texas Tech in the mid-twenties provided diversifica
tion of the local economy while agricultural production had become substantially
mechanized, contributing to the development of manufacturing in the area which
supported agricultural production and processing. The depression in the early
thirties temporarily interrupted economic expansion but by 1940 ecunomic activi
ties had regained their former rates of growth.
Physical growth by the end of the pre-war period had been generally south-
westward as the population had reached almost S2,000. The area had a vigorous
economy largely composed of agriculture, trade, manufacturing, construction and
IflBiiMHHWM 11 iiaiil 11 • 'nrJMMintfr> 11. • iwn ii
a major educational facility.
Post-war growth was propelled by rapid and widespread use ot irrigation,
which had tremendous effects on acreage yield. Petroleum exploration, dis
covery and production diversified and expanded economic activity in the region.
Establishment of the army airfield prior to the war was the last major addi
tional economic component that was established and helped complete the founda
tion upon which the post-war growth of the area was based. Growth within and
diversification around this base has been the moving force behind the continued
development of the Lubbock area.
Agriculture remains the most dominant economic activity in the Lubbock
region today. Retail and wholesale sales and employment continue to spiral up
ward even though there has been some shifting of sales activity location away
from the downtown area. Manufacturing and construction remain strong, impor
tant contributors to the local economy. Student enrollment and employment in
Lubbock's higher education facilities show signs of leveling off from formerly
spectacular rates of growth but should be boosted again by the development of
the medical school and proposed veterinarian program. There are plentiful cul
tural and recreational opportunities as well as potential in the area including
the civic and convention center and the canyon lakes projects.
Population is increasing in the area despite recent net migration losses
Y/ 1 - " i-XK-:: r-a'iii ifnr^inairrttfn -«iff-.J-f-»J^----J .TjjM^JMfciiinifc i n 1111111—mil, m i
and an enormous quantity of land is available for future urban uses. The direction
of growth toward the southwest will probably remain strongest but it is expected
that northv/estern expansion will become more vigorous.
^^
do 17
HISTORY OF THE BAHAI FAITH IN LUBBOCK
The Bahai Faith was first started in Lubbock by one Bahai Member in
1962. He was from Iran and a student at Texas Tech. One year later, the
number of Bahai members in Lubbock grew to J[5 and they established the
First Spiritual Assembly of the Bahais in Lubbock.
On December 2S, 196S, the Office of the Secretary of Texas State at
Fort Worth gave a Certificate of Incorporation to the Spiritual Assembly of
the Bahais of Fort Worth by Chapter No. 198959.
Every day, the Bahai Faith grows in the State of Texas and other
states in the U.S.A., even in all the world.
9.^
•-> 1 '
i\
GOALS-OBJECTIVES '^^'
C. GOALS
CGI To Invite the Learning of Universal Peace.
To accomplish this, the Bahai Temple sho\ild encourage all persons
of any religious belief or creed to enter the facility so tnat they
shall come to understand the basic Bahai belief ot a universal peace
for all persons throughout the world.
^ a ^ ~ • . — - - < • assmmmt 'm^iggSitm
w C02 To Provide Spaces That Encourage Interaction.
On this case, of some different ideas that make people interested
enough to ask about the Bahai Temple and the Banai faith is neces
sary. By questions, pictures and movies about the Bahai Faith,
this end may be accomplished.
COS To Provide Durable Equipment.
To provide some equipment, lock, books and news, that will be
durable about the Bahai Faith for people.
C04 To Stimulate Continual Interest in Mankind.
Mankind, day by day, looks for new things that shov; him hov; he
can be close to God and what way is right; so, by teaching and
learning about the right way will stimulate his research.
I.I ^ i S
V a
<®>
COS To Seek Self-improvement of Each Person.
To provide something like sighs and show slides to show what is
the right v/ay for each person and with this way, each person
can compare those things with himself.
CQ6 To Seek Group Improvement of the Mankind.
With teaching by function and showing the group the reality of
God: what is good and what is bad, and also by example and
lecture.
ct--Tn-nniTr-|i • n i.Bnj.-T^wsi.^s^-. AgiiBrtAaHaM t ^ H H K W I
C07 OBJECTIVES
COS To Provide Access for the Handicapped.
The access of the handicapped in the Bahai Temple is very impor
tant and for this situation all equipment will be provided tor the
handicapped people.
C09 To Provide a Gathering Place for Education and Religious Experiences.
The Bahai Temple is the place tor education and this education is
religious experiences for all mankind and all religious members.
C010 To Provide Adequate Parking.
• The parking space is very important in the Bahai Temple because traf
fic is congested and visitors must have adequate parking. U ith
more parking spaces, a solution for this situation can be found.
,-^^9 / ^ \ ^
r;--r kr fniiii'«w?>iT:-THi*ii»BMiiMliaB
coil To Provide Pleasant Landscaping (Natural and Artificial).
The human basically likes natural and artifical landscaping and
enjoys natural observation. One big point in the Bahai Temple
area is landscaping and in the Bahai Temple area, landscaping
will be a very great part.
COI 2 To Provide Environmental Control (Air-Conditioning, Acoustics,
Lighting).
Usually the environment in the public area must be healthy
space for humans and the Bahai Temple is one of those places.
For this situation, central heating and cooling, lighting
and acoustics will provide a good system consistent with today's
technology.
•—'-- "^^yaasj^gg -V
/ ^ ^ ^
C013 Conclusion of Goals
We always need to learn, and grow more, because
when we learn we find more rewarding experiences. For
example, if we compared an idea of man of the present
with an idea of man of the past, then we can see how
far they are different. And the purpose of this pro
ject is to design a house of worship (Bahai Temple)
with better ideas for man.
<o> m>
:_TiiiJfitr-n '•«»".
fc-umii «f ^nanASiafiiBadMdiiH!
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coif Problem Identity of House of Worship
A House of Worship except the outdoor activities,
needs more indoor activities. Because outdoor activi
ties are not adequate enough and related to the God.
Therefore, an indoor area will be provided as an exten-
^y sion of the existing House of Worship. One of the rea
sons there is a need for the indoor area is to increase
the relationship of people, if the center is indoors,
the people will feel freer to learn the environmental
change.
;o) ^
/ ; /
,j !rM'i'U niriiii»iwiH]r."ir- iui..i«
1 :ii n
ACTIVITY ANALYSIS 53^ •'
^«— -_ii -J'—T^iT^Jrr- — — •• - fWi - " - ^'TMITIIB
D. Activity Analysis
D01 Learning Activities (Sign, Pictures).
All age groups, taught by teachers selected by the temple "assembly"
classes, are divided by age groups and gender.
Teaching is done by books and audio visual aids, which are often uti
lized in the adult classes. But are seldom used in the children's
classes.
Class sizes are small, _2_0 to 3_0 students usually in the children's
class and J_0 to 4_0 students in the typical adult class. Classes
are usually conducted by a single teacher.
i""*::"!'.' pj.fcfa*a^isaiia
.V5»
D02 Cultural Activities(Singing, Music, Convention, Movies, Meetings).
Any religion has different cultures and some of them are the saiae
in the Bahai Temple. In the temple will be group song, some solec
ted by the Bahai Faith, singing at S:00 p.m., every Sunday. The
music of an acappella choir and soloists lifts the spirits of all
who attend. The convention hall is the place for visiting groups
to watch slides and movies about the Bahai Faith and to learn more
about this religion. Also, tv;ice a year, members of Bahai Faith
have a convention in the convention hall for _3 days.
mm^mmtmmiiA^tmimmmimmtiii
0
DOS Auditorium Activities.
The auditorium of the temple is open to all people for prayer and
meditation. No race or religion is barred. Services here are not
elaborate. There is no ritualism or set form. Bahais have no
professional clergy to preside. Sermons or lectures are not per
mitted in the auditorium. Services are for prayer, meditation and
the reading of selections from the sacred scriptures of the Bahai
Faith and the other great faiths of the world. The only music is
by sol(i>ists and an acappella choir.
< /: n
D04 Administration Activities.
The basic, primary administration activities in the Bahai Temple
will be: filing
a - desk work bookkeeping
b - public relations
c - director
d - decision making
Secondary administration activities consist of discussions.
Tertiary administration activities are:
a - typing
b - conversation
c - private spaces and public spaces
d - phone conversations
e - writing
f - research work
g - private discussions.
I
f<$ 4;m
Description of each administration activities:
1 - Desk Work
Desk Work consists of one person for reception and phone
phone answering, two persons for tiling and bookkeeping, and
2 persons for typing.
2 - Public Relations
Public relations will be between people that come to the
Bahai Temple and two Bahai members for guidance.
S - Director
The director in the Bahai Temple is responsible for all
sections of administration.
4 - Decision-Making
Each year, Bahai members select _9 persons v;ho are responsi
ble for making decisions concerning the Bahai Temple.
5 - Discussions
This part includes all materials that are inserted in the
tertiary administration activities.
6 - Typing
As we know, any administration needs some person for typing,
and in the administration of tne Rahai Temple, two typists do all
/ «
the required work for the Bahai Temple in this area.
7 - Conversation
Conversation is between employees or between visitors
or Bahai members that go into the Bahai Temple or in the
classroom or convention hall. Basically, this conversation
will be about the Bahai Faith.
8 - Private Spaces and Public Spaces
Private spaces m Bahai Temple are 1 aJiC meeting rooms
for members of the Bahai assembly, or some space for impor
tant things like books, attribution, etc. Also, public
spaces in the Bahai Temple are like an auditorium that
people go to for prayer; the visitors center is tor education
and classrooms, the book store, the library for reaamg, and the
convention hall tor watching movies for slides are other public
spaces.
9 - Phone conversations
Phone conversations are between administration e.aployees in
side the Pahai Temple or from administration to outside or frum
outside of the Bahai Temple, or from visitor in Bahai Temple to
tne outside of the Bahai Temple.
I 0 - Writing
Writing in the Bahai Temple is in the administrative section
by employees, in the library by Rahai members, or by visitors that go
to the Bahai Temple for education and research.
II - Research Work
Research work is basically done by visitors tnat visit the
Bahai Temple; this research is about the Bahai Faith to reach a
conclusion by learning in the classroom or private discussions
or reading in the library.
12 - Private Discussions
Except the discussions in the classroom and public areas
in the Banai Temple about Dahai Faith, also in the Bahai Tcmi'le
are included some space for /-rivate discussions or individual dis
cussion's about the Bahai Faith.
5:.' ^
Anr;iiJisTRATiu'^ SEQUENCE
1 - Enter facility.
2 - Place coat in closet.
S - Check with the administration receptionist for pressing matters,
daily sched\ile, memos, etc.
4 - Desk work.
5 - Prepare for class lecture.
6 - Prayer.
7 - Schedule for visitors.
ADMINISTRATION DAILY TIME
Administration in the Bahai Temple is open every day from 8:00 a.m. to
S:00 p.m.
DOS Service Activity
A devotional service takes place here at S:00 p.m. Every
Sunday the service is for prayer, meditation and the reading of
selections from the sacred scriptures of the Bahai Faith and the
other great faiths of the world. The music of an acappella choir and
soloists lift the spirits of all who attend. No sermons or lec
tures are permitted in the auditorium. There are no clergy and no
ritual in the Bahai Faith. Also, the auditorium of the temple
and the visitors center is open every day to all oeo-le for
prayer and meditation and reading and education. No race or
religion is barred. Services here are not elaborate. There is nu
ritualism or set torm. Services are for prayer, meditation, and
reading of the selections from the sacred scriptures of the Bahai
Faith and the other great faiths of the world. The only music
is by soloists and an acappella choir.
VISITING HOURS AND TOUR INFOK L TION
The House Of worship is open daily throughout the year. Bet
ween October 15 and May 14, visiting hours arc from 10:00 a.m.
to 5:00 p.m. from May 15 through the summer months, visiting aours
1
are from 10:00 a.m. to 10:OU p.m.
Group tours which are free, may be arranged by telephoning
the House of Worship Activities Office. Individuals and small
groups of visitors need not make prior arrangements.
D06 Mechanical Room and Maintenance Activities
Mechanical room and maintenance with 2 persons will include
all requirements tor the heating and cooling system and also
includes all repair jobs (electrical, plumbing, etc.).
D07 Library Activities
The library in the Bahai Temple consists of _3 employees,
one director and two workers. It is open every day from
8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. for all people that v/ant to do
research and to find information about the Bahai Faith.
/ J^
D06 Mechanical Room and Maintenance Activities
Mechanical room and maintenance with 2 persons will include
all requirements tor the heating and cooling system and also
includes all repair jobs (electrical, plumbing, etc.).
D07 Library Activities
The library in the Bahai Temple consists of _S employees,
one director and two workers. It is open every day from
8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. for all people that want to do
research and to find information about the liahai Faith.
^? ^
D08 Book Store Activities
The book store in the Bahai Temple has one employee and is
open every day from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. .Ml people can
buy any kind book about the Bahai Faith and some different
pictures of the Bahai Temple, etc.
D09 Printing-House /activities
The printing-house in the Bahai Temple is open 3_ days a v/eek
from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. with 2_ workers. The function of the
printing-house in the Bahai Temyle is to print Bahai news, Bahai
book prints, etc.
y
D010 Janitor Activities
Two janitor workers are responsible for clean-up in the Bahai
Temple and they start every night from 10:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m.
^ 5 " - ^
fnECH. \
ACTIVITr ANALY5I5 <0>
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I i
SITE ANALYSIS 6'^
E.
E01
E02
SITE ANALYSIS
Lubbock is one of the largest cities in Texas. Its
location is on the South Plains of West Texas. This city
is growing fast.
Location of Site
The area of the site is in the southwest portion of
Lubbock. The boundaries are: to the north is S2nd street
and to the south is 84th street; to the west is Aberdeen
Avenue and to the east side is Slide Road.
This site is basically flat grassland and main ac
cess to the Bahai Temple is from 82nd street and Slide
Road.
Also, two-way traffic is on all access roads.
The site is surrounded by middle class brick homes. The
wind comes from the southwest in summer and spring.
- @ >
^%
c..
EOS Site Selected
Reason of select the site in this area is the first,
Because more than half of the Bahai members live close
to this area. Second, there is a good neighborhood.
Third, related to the some building close to the Bahai
Temple.
o
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<&) EO ^
SITE USAGE:
The site is bordered by residential areas on the south and west and
is bounded on the east by a park. There is an area of commercial usage
on the northern boundary of the site.
ANALYSIS:
The more passive temple activities areas should be oriented towards
the residential areas on the south and eastern sides of the site. The
temple entrance should ideally be oriented towards the park, whereas
parking facilities could be oriented towards the commercial areas.
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CONTOURS:
As we can see, direction of the slope of the site is to the southeast
of the site. During rainstorms, all water would converge on that area.
For this reason, a better location for the Bahai Temple would be on the
north of the site. The area discussed could be used for landscaping.
•'B
J L SLIDE ROAD
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TRAFFIC:
The situation of the traffic around the site, as we can see on the
map, is very important. On Slide Road, traffic is heavy; from 84th Street
and Aberdeen Ave., traffic is light, but from 82nd we have moderate traf
fic. Major entrance will be established from 82nd Street for the Bahai
Temple.
Tf
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ABfRDEtN /WE
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TRAFFIC
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POLLUTION:
Basically, the wind blows from the southwest and noise comes from the
north and east because the east side of the site is slide road, with heavy
traffic, and 82nd Street has moderate traffic from the north. Consequently,
more acoustical materials must be used in the Bahai Temple building. For
safety from the southwest, as few windows as possible should be used in the
Bahai Temple building.
SLIDE ROAD
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. VEGETATION:
The site is without any significant vegetation, except for some useless
,1 and various prairie grasses. In this situation, one can grow any kind of
vegetation.
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DAMAGING EARTHQUAKES OF THE U S THROUGH I 9 6 0
COMPILED BY j , ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SERVICE S'ADMINISTRATION
105* 100*
• Ir ioTjIty V l l - v n i o r 2 5 , 0 0 0 + n mi foi' o'to
• Infomity V I U - IX or 150 ,000 + m ml ' t H o'to ® lnt«n»ity I X - X or 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 - t - s ^ ">i f*H 0'««
(S) Intonilly X - XH or 1 ,000,000 + %% ml folt ar*« , 1 - — — * 1.
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A v « r a g t onnw«t omownt sf t w n t K i n * in h»vrs
I
Equival«nl sky luminanco In fft««j„
berts for average overcast day
Latitude
30- S
32 34
311
88 40
«2
44
46
4«
50
3ii* N
32
34
39 38
40
42 44 48
44 50
30* S
12 34
39 •n 40
43 44
49
41
50
8 A.M.
4 ?M.
420
350
320
2')0 230
190
150
100
(10
40
0
Mart
P10
8.H0
VliO
840 ROO
700
760 740
710
990
850
1270
1280 1290
1290
1200
1290 1500
1290 lite
1290
1290
9AM.
3 P.M
December
740
700 650
800 550
500 4 50
380 340
290
240
k 21 or Sept
1.120
1290 1250
1220
i2on 1140 U 2 0
10(>0
imo 9)0
940
June 21
1730
17.10
17S0
1780
1720 1700
1190 1970
I940 1930
1590
10 A.M.
2 P.M.
21
1020
990 910
840 700
7<0 660
900 550 470
420
emkar 21
1710
1950 1800
1590
1500 1490
MIO
1.1411
1229
1240
1180
2250
3240 2220
2200
3190
3130 3010
SOSO
3010
1990
1900
H A M
1 P.M.
1210
ino 111.0
lorj
94?
900 8'-0
Ifj 9^0 810
580
20!0
r. (' lETO 1«'.^
1740
11"-)
10>>^ 1=.4 )
14"0
14:0
nn
2980
2940
39^0 3940
2410 23S0
2350
21(>"'
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Z O N E S OF P L A N T H A R D I N E S S
A,Jju!-i'-o.^ "''P •" U S 0 A Pubi.CJlion814
M O T E . Ih, 7oof mjp ^hov« .n mdsrate d*t».l i >e rtotif^ mm
• ,•" irmpr'iW" o' rnm\ ol the honicu'lunl', i>n poi 111 orMi ol I f f Uoiird Slelei CI""" » " l'"*"^ '" '*'« co'J»ii '""f wt^"' tf»v ".'• jrow nofmallv but Ihev c»n be •«p<>ci'"l to 9'0«r "1 worrier »re*t
2 r i l „ ' - " l ] - • 0 - T 0 - * 0 » ^ . L—^—-J - » 0 - T 0 lt> " •
7 ] lO* TO 2 0 -
EqulvaUnf »lty lumlnanc* In fooflannb«H» for cl*qr d a y *
L*«: iu^«
Oecen<b«r 21
I A M I S A M N M . 1 2 P M 4 P M
M a ' c h enW SaptemlMr I I
I A M 10 A M N * a « 2 P M 4 P M
Jima 21
I A M 10 A M N « ^
N a H t i
i a * l « I 4 * K S « - N 4 1 - M 49'?«
i O * l ( 14 'W i 9 * H 41*!« 49-W
430 ^^0 100 J10 ISO
l i n o 1 I01» ton 800 «O0
900 SI*-) 350 500 450
1930 1900 3J00 31'10 1900
800 530 3ao 500 300
113a 1109 2200 3 M 0 2 100
600 S30 350 300 430
1*30 l t « 9 i ] o a 1100 i t oa
449 ISO 100 110 110
I I M M M
9 M 809 400
1530 I 4 * 0 lOOO 1400
S M 4 4 I
1700 I I M l O M I I M I T M 1700 i a » a n « « t « M I t M ITliO . ITOa 1»50 I f O I 7 M 1700 1709 1430 17')0 | 7 M i;<ia 1700 } M « 1710 I 7 M
Eaal
I
I
I
1
1
I
I 9
•Ao*.*** r*J««>. 4lrKt •«Bll«%t oe<i<i4«4.
Av*r«9« Miar iMwminalUn as a fwnctian af altilw4a
U t i > i « ^
Data
I t *
I*'
] ( '
42*
44*
N
M
N
N
N
| l 'ufT»n«f i * i i ( ( ^ • • 4 c * n « l « a |
Waioa
Pe-a* Her**.
fo»».» Harlf .
f e f » . * Haoii.
re»»* He.<(.
f e - a * Hatle
D « < a i n b w 21
I AM 10 AM 4rM JPM
Na
4200
700
3100 400
2 500 lOO
2000 100
300
7000 14C0
9900 2700
9000 2000
S300
1800
4300 1000
7 7 0 0 4 400
7100 s r o o
9900 9000
9404 2 7 0 0
6 * 0 0 1800
March, ^p^ftkmt 21 l A M lOAM 4PM 2PM
8400 2800
8100 2 4 0 0
9 |nO 2 1 0 0
8000
t.lOO
lane l»0<>
• 100 5^00
8 I no
S«0«
»n00 6 4 0 0
7'<no 4«00
7800 4100
• r t r r r i ' l - n l a r »• • • • • ' • ' • •
< ^
2PM 4PM
I H 4
1)39 I4aa tso 1400 H M nso 1300 990 iJoo mo 1300 IJOO 990 1300 IJM
IJOO U30 190 1130 IM4
1100 I I M 1310 1130 1 150
I I M i 9 M 1910 It-'liO 1 I 0 «
1400 1100 D M 1 5 M i r o «
1 « M 1 4 I 0 1*40 1000 1100
I I M
U M I I M I I M l l M
I 4 * « I 4 * N l l ' N
4A*lf 4 4 * K
ir.^n
1 3 3 0 IJI.'O
TSO S M
1 5 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 9 9 0 M O •• 1 5 0 A M
7 M T M 9 9 0 9 M I M
4 M *•« I M 1 9 0
l l «
2 0 0 9 1 4 0 0 I 3 e « 1 4 0 0 D M
I t M l O M 1 9 M 1 4 M I I M
I 9 M
i to« I I M 1 4 1 0 1 4 M
• M • M * 0 « 1 9 0 T M
7 M M O 4 0 0 9 0 * 9 M
1 M 4 I M O I I M I M 4 1 8 * 0
l * * « I T M 1 7 M 1 9 M 2 « « «
1 4 M 1 4 1 0 U M I 4 M I 4 M
l O M l O M l O M 1 0 0 4
I M
7 M T M T M T M T M
Waet
M ' H i 4 ' i r
49*11 44*11
4 M 4 0 * 1 3 0 1 5 0
130
7 9 0 1 0 0
~ 9 4 0 9 0 0 3 0 0
l O M • 9 0 M<» 9 9 0 9 M
I 9 M I t M I M « U M 1 1 9 0
I I M 1 1 9 0 I t M
T M MO
7 0 0 9 M 4 M 8 0 0 « M
ta« to* » M 9 M T M
U M I 0 0 « I I M 1 4 9 0 U M
I t M I 4 a « 140O 1 4 M 1 1 0 0
I M O 1 « M 1 9 4 * 1 4 M I I M
7 M 7 M I M 7 M 7 0 0
I 9 M l O M I 9 M IO<M U M
I 4 M l « M ItM l a M U M
14 M I T M I T M M M 1 4 M
• •M 1 9 ^ » M « 1 9 M
1
N a M
840« 7004
9 4 0 0
9 7 0 4
1 1 0 0 8 1 M
9104 M M
1104 » 3 0 «
1 A M
4 P M
1 7 0 0 4 4 00
7 8 0 0 4700
7 904 4400
7 900 4 7 0 0
7 900 4400
J u M 21
l O A M N a « i
2 P M
I 9 O 0 < IJOO 1
8800 1 7100 1
9300 7 004
1400 1 9400
9104 1
9700
I 9 M I t M
lano I 4 M
I t M I I M
I I M r i M
I M « 1 4 0 *
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SPACE SUMMARY Jog
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F. SPACE SUMMARY
F01 Space Lists
Auditorium 7000 sq/ft,
Convention Halls 6400
Director Room 300
Two Offices each one 300 sq/ft 600 "
Library 2400 "
Bookstore 900 "
Printing 400 "
Teaching Area (Classroom) 2 800 "
Restroom (M.W.) 300 "
Two Storage 800 "
Two Janitor Rooms , 80 "
Mech. Room 14 00
Park ing for flgO c a r s each 400 "
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I F02 Cumulation
Bahai Building
Parking Area . ,
Totals
21 ,380 sq/ft.
iia,ooo "
133,380 sq/ft.
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COST ANALYSIS 109
Fo 3 COST ANALYSIS
Cost Estimation
cost estimate is based on the "Dodge Multiplier System" of Dodge Building
Estimator and Valuation Guide.
It is desirable that the Bahai Temple use costly finish materials, i.e.,
marble, etc., so the "excellent" category of building construction was used
for the purposes of this cost estimation. The actual square footage for the
temple will approximate 22,000 square feet.
Calculat ions:
Dodge Multiplier $28.31/sq. ft. @ 22,000 S.F.
Lubbock Multiplier X 2.319
March 1981 Const. Cost $65.65/sq. ft.
X 22,000 sq. ft.
$1,307,387.00 estimated cost in March 1981
If construction is estimated to take one year and construction startup
is scheduled for July 1981 the midpoint of construction will occur at December
1981. According to the Dodge Building Estimator and Valuation Guide. 4%
annual increase in construction cost is to be expected for frame construction
in the Lubbock area.
lif)
I I Calculations
X
$1,307,387 March 1981 Cost
1.04 Inflation/Cost rise for a one year period,
$1,359,682
The estimated cost for construction of the Bahai Temple will be
$1,359,682. For the construction of 22,000 square feet with the midpoint
of construction occurring at December 1981.
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i.',uiLni:;G MATERIALS
Reinforced concrete foundation footing, walls and slabs. Exterior walls
limestone, granite or select native stone. Block back up walls with interior
side plastered. Interior structural bearing columns of matching stone veneer
v/ith concrete or steel core. Stone tracery and masonry trim. Combination
wood, steel or laminated wood beams or arches. Slate or tile roof covering
v;ith copper and lead trim. Interior ornamental plaster or marble carved
finish. Floors terrazzo, marble or carpet.
Restrooms for men and women. Utility and service sinks. Boiler -
gas or oil fired low pressure steam or hot water with blower, interior ducts
through the floor and wall registers. Ornamental decorative metal grille
work. Ornate liturgical incandescent light fixtures with part recessed cove
lighting. Dimmer controls. Switches and outlets.
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FU.'.'UI'.'G OF BAHAI TEMPLE
The funding of Bahai Temple to build will be secured by all Bahai
mciubcrs of the world.
Basically each Bahai member in the world must help the Bahai Faith
Charity Institution for the development of the Bahai Faith. The center of
this institution is in Haifa, Israel. All contributions will come to
this place and with the goodness of the Universal House of Justice at Haifa,
(center of the Bahai Faith), they will divide money for plans of the develop
ment of the Bahai Faith in the world. One of these plans is to build a
Bahai Temple in different areas of the world.
iu
DETAILED SPACE LIST
I
G. DETAILED SPACE LIST
G01 The auditorium of the House of Worship is the place for individual
prayer and meditation, with 1000 chairs for people. People like
to go in this place and read prayer. This space will be 7000 sq/
ft.
G02 The Convention Hall at the Visitors Center Area, with 800 chairs,
is for all the people that go in the visitors center and here
they may watch a slide program about the Bahai Faith and- the House
of Worship; this space will be 6400 sq/ft.
G03 The Director Room, with 300 sq/ft., is for the Director of Admini
stration of the Bahai Temple. In this room will be one desk, one
file box and _5 chairs.
G04 Offices
Two office rooms will be in the Administration Area, each one with
300 sq/ft. One of these offices is for the receptionist and book
keeper and another is for two typists.
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GOS The Library Room will have about 2400 sq/ft., with 3 employees:
one Director of the Library and 2 other employees who will be
responsible for the Library Room.
G06 The bookstore, with 900 ^a/fi- TT-; i i K^ a. I-T • , , wxun y_uu sq/tt., will be established in the Bahai
Temple and one employee may be responsible for the book sale and
control of the store.
G07 The Printing House, with £00 sq/ft., will take care of all the
printing requirements of.the Bahai Temple by two employees.
G08 The teaching area will have two classrooms, each one with 4 00
sq/ft. This will be the place for education. With 3 teachers.
Each classroom will have ^0 chairs for the students.
GO 9 There will be two different places for the restroom area, about
300 sq/ft. The women's restroom area will be 120 sq/ft with 3
lavatories and 3 sinks. The men's restroom area will be 180
sq/ft., with _3 lavatories, ^'urinal spaces, and 3 sinks.
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G010 There will be two different-sized storage areas, about 800 sq/ft,
which will be built in the Bahai Temple for equipment..
G011 Two janitor rooms, about 80 sq/ft., will be located in different
places. Two workers will be adequate for the Bahai Temple.
G012 The mechanical room, with two mechanics, will take care of all
necessary equipment and supplies for all mechanical, electrical,
and plumbing needs in the Bahai Temple. The size of the
mechanical room will be 1400 sq/ft.
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CODE /^9
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II. CODES OF HOUSE OF WORSHIP
1. 2 Drinking fountains in Visitor Center area.
2. Fire-extinguisher equipment needed.
3. Fire alarms needed inside and outside.
4. 2 Hour fire rating for walls, ceilings, and floors.
5. Auditorium must have at least 4 doors, and the doors
must open to the outside.
6. Halls must be 10' wide and floor will be tile.
7. No point in the building can be more than 150' feet
from an exterior exit door. (It can be 275 feet if
an automatic fire extinguishing system is provided).
8. Men 3 Urinals 3 Toilets 3 Sinks
women B Toilets 3 Sinks
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9. Storage and janitor rooms must have 1 hour fire
rating construction for walls and ceilings and
floors.
10. Provisions for the handicapped must be provided.
11. The rise of every stairway step should not exceed
7.5 inches.
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A T O -!';:- V m '. h to gc.ncfO;j^ 8 sq fl l>?r s-j.-)'. f l c - ' ' &."'jj n cc r / ^ f . i t on . j l scJl ing ldvo.j t - dt icw rr.ir.. 5 ;u nc".- ri,.j-. 10 i*j fv per '. -31 f loor area in c- . I ' . i r pn t ' ' v j ^ n T j Id ^ ' j j i . A r c j includes all aislcs. Gtcie v'.3.! ^'VD-i l o ' duct work and ocouslical bjf^t»-s d'^d 'ores*.^9e to c u r i j i n l ine — for pre! 'n-. • ' / ds iu rnp t ion i on ly
A.'.!(•> cor-.S'jU iccal code, c.far, w i t h i-sual i i i i i i .
v..c:','.s shown and incrowoe 3* rate yf V i " pc-r ft
IB 3 C d-d B O C A . ) , 1 ' / ;•• per 5 ' - 0 "
(rj F P A U B C. and S.S B C.) or 2 2 ' per 100
porscns (N B C ) to de'efnim.? "a '
Eirits cC'.-.-ijtt k v . i l ccdo. gcriCroily 100 tt rr.ox.
I r o ^ a r y pc in * or: Voor to n^jrest -^vit oit-:r, in-
cr-,d-,r-d to 13.3 cr 150 ! t . ;f sti'^nVlcis pi-/v:dci3, or
p.- incipj i enrry at cr^dr", or aisle .^yri rour*: -i^s-.TTi^d
fJu." t>ir of eMts b jscd on occupartcy rc..;'j. r.~,priTs
per local codi-
Cnn-.-i susrv-i'v sealing as hack to ti<ick..
Max. f loor :lor,i - see pa.j-- on The,)ter Sigh;! r.-•
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e-j:-'^,'j6 U J ' F O R M SUIL D!NG CODE 1976 EDITION 605-603
C h a p t e r s
r ; [ i -QU!REMENTS F O B G R O U P A,
b ! V ! S ! Q N 1 O C C U P A N C I E S
Gro'jp A, Div:'..:of. 1 Occupancies Defined N, , . 6!}i.. Group A, Divi.sion I ' /ccupancics ihali bo;
.Anv assembly buildi.ng vith a siage and ar; o c i i p a r r Ic-a.-J o!' 1000 or iiiori.- if the building.
For o : .upancy .scparaiions see Table No. 5-B.
i ur Ov\.up.-ini load see Section 3301.
Construction, Height and Allcvyable Area V c . 602. (a) Gcfieral. Bailding<. or p^Tris of buildings classed ir Group
.•\, D'M^' M) 1 because of the use or character of ih j oc.up.^ncv shall be of T>i:e 1 or U-F.R. construction and shall not exceed, in area or heigh; the !inii:s specified in Sections 505, 506 and 507.
(b> Special Provisions. Stages as defined in Section 420 shall be constructed IP. accordance with Chapter 39.
I ;:e slope of the main flooi of the assembly roon-, shall not exceed one in f I •. e .
Location on Property
Sec. 603. Buildings housing Group A. Di\;- ion I Occur.,-incies shall f r o n directly upon or have access to a public str-rct not less than 20 Icei in Width. The access lo the public street shall be a minimum 20-foot wide right-of-way, unobstructed and maintained or.iy a> acv.ess to the public street. The main entrance to the building shall be located on the public street or or. the access way. The main assembly fioor shall be located at or r;car the adjacent ground level.
f or fire-resistive protection of exterior walls and openines, as determined by location on property, see Sections 1803 and 1903.
Exil Facilities
Sec. 604. Stairs, exits, and smokeproof enclosures shall be pio\ ided as specified in Chapter 33. (See also Section 3315.)
Light, Ventilation, and Sanitation See. 605. All enclosed portions of Group A, D:\ i.-.ion 1 Oeei!p;,,neies
enistcmarily used by human beings and all dresbinj rooms --h.ill be provided with i.atiiral light by means of exterior glazed openings witii im area noi le-s ilian one-tcntli of the total floor area, and natural ventilation by r eans of openable exterior openings with an a. ea of not less than one-i\<e!'iie!h of the total floor area oj shall be provided with artificial light a.'ic- a rr.eelui'.;cally o;xTaicd ventilating system. 11'.e mech3.i;e-ii;> operated \eii;i!atiiig system shall supply a minimum of 5 cubii. feet per minute of oiiisK-le air with a total c i rcubtcd of nci less than 15 cubic feci per r:;imiie
62
;•. - .' c'lpain in all poviio' . . ,•! r' . nii'i-.iini' a;..: - u !. ^.s^.-in ^; all be !".pi , iM;;i;u:o';-.ly :n -V- "ai!i,.i ciuinie -UvH MMC as :.., bv...Jii:L: is i>e.upi'.-.J 11 • he veU^:.,v o! I'H- .iir a- ilie reJi^•c•r e v .• \ i , Vi k;;! per e^x'ml. •.•A: i -iMs:ei s':.;i; re placed ivif-: liiaii S (cei a; o \e I'r - I 'oor .1 -eeih beiiea;;!.
l.ielus 111 all pans ot iliv b u l u i - a .:.stO!iiar,!> u.-.J b> IvaT-ari ijeiiics ^h:lll be on a ^epv..i.;i<- circiii: In/r,. ;i-.,;i of ihe sic-v a.r.: .ii.ill be ^XMI;lulled from the bo\ olfice All iivirs in c n i i d c r - , c . courts and exit p.issageu a'.s ^h.ill be nivi'eetoij ' ' \ ; : -. ii e ea.gc.
All registers or vents si.f.pl;, ; ; ; j ; aa b.ie'r-vMge siiaii be eouippcd with auioniativ: cio^ina dcMces VMIII |i;-ibie Imks. Such clc;:ny dcMccs shall be located where the veni> or dui.!s r>.;ss li.rouch the proscenium walls and shall be operated by fusible link- located on both side> of the proscenium wall 3:K1 both 'nside of anci ouiMde r't ilic serti o.-- J ' jc;.
1 here shall be p.'-O'. iJed m an a,-,,.r-. :d lo:aiioti at least one la\a!ory for each two I'.ater clo-.e^s fcr eacr -c" . snJ at kni t one L!'-^-i.\ins fountain foi each flooi level.
fo r other requirements on water do-et^ . see Sccii 'H P I 1.
Sha?i Enclosures
See. 606. livii- >lial! be en..!o-eu a->;'jeitie.J in Chat te.'3.i.
tleva'.or shaits, vent shafts and other \ertieal ore ; • es shall beenelo^ed and the c;"i;io.->urc shall be as sp-,',:i!;cJ in ^ee'ion i "(J.-
Fire-extinguishing Systems Sec. 607. When required by other p.ovisions of ih.- Code, aaiuataiic
fiie-evtinguishini; systems and standpipe- sl-.all be in-tjIiL^i as specified in Chapter 38.
Special Hazards Si-c. 608. Stage- shall be egi::, p . J .siih auion;a!; , veiHilaUHs as le-
qaired in Seetior. 3901.
Chiinney.s aivei heaiinu ap.paia.; ;• -(i..:i cojuorin i.' !:•.-.• . . qc . ' emen i s ol Cliapier 37 of ihi'; Code and the Mev.:ia' .al '._ oce.
.Motion picture machine boo;ti- -)•;!! .•i.ii,!..-i ;y. ;o 'a.e re-jt^n enients of Chapter 40.
Pruseeniuiii ciir;ains siiall eor::orm to the re.ai.'L-iiei^ls set lorlh in U .B .C .S ianda i J No 6-1.
flaniinable liqiii.is shall not be pl.iccJ oi stored ,r, an\ d i o v p , \ , Division 1 Occupan^v.
Ail exterior openmus m a bo-.e. room or .oon; eoM.iir.ing central heating eq'aipiner.i il located beioA opem.igs in anv'-'-ei s!or> or if less than 10 feet fro;:i other door- or v. .ndo.ss ol the saa.e buiLlii-.e shall be protected b> a lire asscir.bU li.;.;r,g a tliree lourtlis-houi f irc-p:ou\i ioii raiif.g. Sueli fire assemblies shall 's^ ; ;\<.\!. amon,a-;e O' -elf-elt^saie.
L'veis room containing a bo:. . : o' central h.-,r,ng plant shall he
63
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- ' '" UrJIhORM BUILDING CODE
' • •• :. e :e I '<: I ' e h'.j.idi:).- b> noi less than .! (>rw :oiir fire-. . - I :;• ' I U - . ^ .•; , : -^'.ov.
•• \ ( I i' IK IN: i; • • .•! eviai I !••. ',n:i-- [-l.i.ii, A!;.I^ , itv l.i ,•,•-1 ;ii-e.- c' .i •• ,;.v.e .-.I.! •jv^e.,','-KM.fwi') li-ii |-.ci hour i;,pi.:
:/1'j'J;1ic?.lior •:.
-••.. lid", t ,\ inr.i-.uiT'- iiiid similar oeeuiiancRs m.i> ha \ e r-jn:;iiu' : 1 I (.>•:• Nittieted o: ••'. o o j or unp.riiK-cicd sicel or iron.
.976 ECiTION 701-702
.mds are to be
C-3
Chaptsf 7
REQUIREMENTS FCR GROUP A DIVISIONS 2, 2.1. 3 AND 4 OCCUPANCIES
Group A, Divisions 2,2.1, 3 end 4 Occupancier. :".'ef:ned Sec. 701. Group A, Di.isu..'; 2, 2 . ! , 3 and-1 Ocec.pane;es shall bet
l>i\!s:(jn 2. Any bnilding or portion of a buildi.tg l'.a\ing an assemMv room with an occupant load of less ihan 1000 ar.d a ;tuee
Division 2 .1 . Any building or poition of a buildi,-g h-t Tig an as^emb! room wi;h an o..eupant load of 300 or more without a stage, includ.T.g such bc id ings used for educational purposes and not elas-ed as a Group Y orCiroup B. Division 2 Occupancy.
l)ivis-on 3 .Any building or portion oi a building hawng an asserr.bl; room v.::h an occup.^iri lo.id of less ti'.m 300 without a stage, including such buildinas used for educational purposes and : u cLssed as a Group E or Group B, Division 2Occupancy.
Division 4. Stadiums, rcvic\-ing stands, and amusemvrv. park structure-not included within other Group A Occupancies. SpeC'iie and general re-q.iiremenis for grandstands, bleachers and revic--vir found in Chapter 33.
For occupar.cN separations sec Table No. 5-B For occupant load see Section 3301.
Construction, Height, and Ailowcble Area Sec. 702. (a) General. Buildings or parts of b
.\, Divisions 2. 2 .1 , 3 and 4 bec.iasc of the use or cy shall be limiiled to the type; ,jf construction sei forth m T nbles No. 5 C and No. 5-D and shall not exceed, in area or height, ir.e i.iiins specified :n Sections 505, 506 and 507.
t-X( Fi'liO.N: Division 4 ^Iriielurc- ot ojicn skelelo.-; :r.rr,e i> - vKi!!.-a; root', cover or enela-ce u at: c >pa^.s, -hall no; be li'::;'i\i in -ire.i o< !:e;i;l;:
(b) Sp.-.'cial Provisions. Singe- and enclosed platt'oini- a- define,! in Sections 417 and 420 shai! be constructed in aceoidanee wit;; C h;ip!er y>.
A fire-resistivc ceiling shall not be required m one -ior\ biiilJing- of Type 11. One-hour, II-N, III, i\ or \ construction lun r.g an open l i a - e roof.
Division 2.1 Occupancies v.'\\\ an oeeupani load eil Itifn) or nu-re shail b e o f T v p e l , 11-1 R.. 11, One-hour, 111, One-hour, or 1\' j.^n-iriier.on.
Divi!;ion 3 Occupancies loe.'.!ed in a ba-enieni or a-s.^^c -'le firsi sio'v shall be of not less than one-hour firc-re-isiiv e eiin-.M Uvtion.
Group A as-embly room- lia mg an occupani loaJ ol 1 t'OO or more -hail not be loe.iied in the ba^e^le^•l.
Division •< 0..i.ipaneKs vviili an occiipant load ol 50 or more, which are loeaicd over u-able sp lee, shai; t-e se;'.v.-.!ed f:oiii sueh -pace b\ noi le-s ih.i.n ope-b.oiir 1 ire-resi live eo[;-:rueiiO!i
f 5
M.ng- classed in Groa taracie- ol thcoecup ;r,
mm \13
b-JiFC'i; i BUILDirJG CODE iS75 E;:;iTION 707-709
. .. • .;:•!, ;i.I'. ..I'.d J''af' slop- see Se Mon ?iH'^ ., 4 PriiNisions. I re.iion and -ii lu'm-.i! iiiamtenance ot sirue-1 ;»'-.s;oi 4 O.eupcincies -:,all .oi.iotin tv the lequiremcnts
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. .... .,,,1 !!•: Division 4 Occupancies, other than those of open .; •, ,Mi,. r.ie.vvh.n more than one siory in height or 400 square feet
ai ;,_,-, not less :han one-hour fire-rcsistive construction. Iieii the spavc under a Division 4 Occupancy is used for any purpose,
i.iiiiL' ex:iv. i' shall be separated from all parts of such Division 4 Oc-ineludine' exits, by walls, floor and ceiling of not less than one-;j-i-live construction. x.( I PliONS: I. Fxiis under temporary grandstands need noi be .. .J.
: Ihe iiatier-ide o! continuous steel deck grandstands when erected oul-,- e.eeJ u.)i bi. fjrcproteeted when oeeupied for public toilets.
Buildiiig Official may cause all Division 4 structures to be re..:sieeied a- least once every six months.
Locs'iion on Property •see. 703. All buildings housing Group A, Divisions 2, 2.1, 3 and 4 Oc-
eap.ineie- shall front directly upon or have access to a public street not less than 21. re t in width. The access to the public street shall be a minimum :o !uoi wide right-of-way unobstructed and maintained only as access to the public street. The main entrance to the building .shall be located on the public sticet or on the access way.
i e-r fire-resistive protection of exterior wails and openings, as determined by location on property, sec Section 504 and Pan V.
Exit Facilities -ve. 704. (a) General. Stairs, exits, and smokeproof enclosures shall be
provided as specified in Chapter 33. (See also Section 3316.) lb) >»mu>ejnen! Structures. Exits and exit signs for Division 4. Amuse-
,n-.:ti Str.ictures. shall be approved by the Building Official and, wliere P aeiicablc, shall comply wuh the requirements specified in Chapter 33.
Light, Ventitation and Sanitation Sec. 705. All portions of Group A Occupancies customarily used by
hurnai, bcuv's and all dressing rooms shall be provided with natural or ar-.i-\.ial 1 -hu vemilation and sanitary facilities as specified m Sections 605 a :d 171 r.
Fire-oxtinguishing Systems Sec. 707. \\ hen required by other provisions of this Coac, auiomaiie
tirc-cxtinguishing sysien;s and standpipcs shall be in-tailed as speeitieJ in Chapter ^h.
Special .Hazards Sec. 70S. Chimneys and heating apparatus shall conform to the re
quirements of Chapter 37 of this Code and the Mechanical Code. ,\!t.uni picture machine rooms shall conform to the requirements of
Chapter 40. [""ro-cenium curtains shall conform to the requirements set forth in
L.B.C Standard No. 6-1. F!:ii;;iti:ibic liquids siiall not be placed or stored in a Group A Occupan
e's • All exterior openings in a boiler room, or roonis containing central
hcxting equipment if located below openings ir another story or if less i.'-.an 10 feel from other doors or windows of titc same building shall be protected by a fire assembly having a three-fourihs-hour firc-protcction rating. Such fire assemblies shall be fi.xed, automatic or self-closing. Every rov>m containing a boiler or central heating plant shall be separated from the rest of the building by not less than a One-hour Fire-resistive Occupancy Separation.
r,\CKHTION: Boilers or een;i£i he^iinj plants where the largest pieec of luei e-quip;nent docs not csceed -ifiO.eieX'i Bui per hour aipui.
Modifications Sec. 709. Gymnasiums and similar occupancies may have running
tracks constructed of wood or unprotected steel or iron. In k>mnasii'ms or in multipurpose schoolrooms having an area ne>l
greater than 3200 square Ice;, l-ii eh nominal tight tongue-and-grooved or 'j-inel plywood wall eo-ct;';e may be used oii the inner side in lieu of fire-re-istive piaster.
Sfiofi Enclosures Su-. 7C6. Fxits shall be enclosed as specified in Chapter 33.
1 levator shafts, vent shafts and other vertical openings shall be . - . l o e J . and the enclosure shall be a-specified in Section 1706.
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Chapter 33
STAIRS, EXITS AND OCCUPANT LOADS NOTE: Table No. 33-A appears at the end of the chapter.
General Set. 3301. (a) Purpose. The purjiose oi ihi- C liapiei is lo deie.'niine .le-
cupant loads and to proside minim'im siandards ol caress faeiliiics To. cvcupatits of hiiik'ines review uig sta.nds, hiettchers and eraiuisiands.
(b) Scope. Every building or portion ihe;dif shall be provided with evils as required by this Chapter . Where iheie is a conflict between n general requirement and a specific requirement for tin ii.dividu.il occupancy, the specific requirement shall be applicable
(c) Definitions. For the pu. ' jcse of i h s C h a p e r , cei ram terms arc defined as follows:
BALCO.N'V. EXTKRIOR i ; . \ r r , is a .aiding or po - : ' p i o j x ' i n g froi,; ihc wall of a building, and which serve- a- a retiaired nu :ns of ecress. T. 'e long side shall be at ieas' 50 perccn: o r ea , ai;>) the open arc,; above the guardrail shall be so distributed as to pieveni il.e a^e'er.ulaiion of smoke or toxic gases.
EXIT is a continuous and unobstrceied means o\ egress to a public vvav, and shall inelud" intervening door- , doorveay?. corridors, cxteiior exit balconies, ramp.-, slairv.ays. smoi.eptoer enj 'osure-. 'lori/onta.l evi!.-,, c.i; p3s;;agevvays, evit .^^HK.S. and yai J-,.
EXIT C O U R T i.s a yard or cout; p-oviding eeie-- to a public way for one or mere required e.\ii-,
EXIT FASS.AGFW..^^' is an enclosed racans of eeres. ccnMcctir.g a re quired e.\it or e\ii .ruuri w iili a pub ' i . •• av'.
H O R I Z O N T A L E X n i_- a v.a;, a' r.,-sace tr, ni one building into anothei building on appi o\nii.it(.!y the same level, or is a wav oi' pas-age through or around a w.ili consiruc;ed as !ecjihi:J for a iivo-h.our OCCUIMM c\ separation a:id vvhieh i.kimpli.ie;v divide- a \\oo\ inio two or more separate areas so as to eM;ib!i-.h an ar.-a c\ rel'age affording -atetv fruni fire or smoke con'iing from tlie ai .a 1 .ini ^ Inch escape is made.
OCCL'P.-WT LO.M) is iht total nambcr of parsons thai Uuiv oecupv a building or portion thereof at aav or time
F.AMC H.\Rn\V.VKF is a ba. vv|.,;.h extends acros- a; least one-half the widili of each door leaf, wine!"; will ciieii the door if subjected lo pressure.
PKi \ . \ T t S I .^ IUU \ \ i-as:.iirw r. -erv ing one teiiaiii oriK .
I'l 'ni IC \<W is aiiv p.reel of land tiiiobsiiueied fro'ti the ground to the sky. mi re than If* feel in width, atiiuopi iaied to ;he free passage olTlie general pu'.iie.
sPiK.VL S 1 , M R \ \ . \ ^ is a stairw.iv havuig a elo-ed c.i \ular fcirm in its
495
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3301 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE 1976EDiTION 3301-3302
a n d r a d i a t i n . •>':•• view - i t l i ,:; ';tiir:ri soeiioii s h a p e d tre;;d a i tae l ied .);>..I'! a i'.i,;r.ii;,iin di.iir.cier s^ ippor ium c o l u m n . 1 he e t f ee t ive t r ead is
o a n e r a d i u - l ine , i h e c M c r . t ) : a r e (cen te r l ine of i a i l ing) . l lK „ , - l i : i . - ,C- .
.•:!,• ;l;e v'- . ' ' . ' .p t . i dm- .ir.v l i io- ' i i ; ' r a d i u s liii-a of Uead a b o v e ) , l i l fee l ivc
11- I.I di:iKr.Moi'.s a' e la'- en a long a line p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o the e c n i e r l ine of
d i e ; i e . K l .
id) I)iiiTiniri:;tion of Occiipuni Load. The occupant load permitted m .:ii\ biuldii.e or portion thereof shall b - determined by dividing Ihe floor ,11 ea assigned !o iha' use by ilic square fee: per oceup,ant as set forth in lable No". 33-A.
When Ihc square feet per occupant are not given for a particular oc-•..ip.iiics it shall be determined by the Building Official, based on the area given fcr the occupancy which il most nearly re-embles.
f;X( l.PilONS i. The Oveiipan; load ol an are.-, havina fised scats s!-..;!! lie deleraii.eJ b) m.- nunit-.T of fi.Ncd seat- installed. Ai-lc- sc.-ving the lived scai- .aid noi u-cd tor any citier purpose -hai! not be as-aeaed as addine tc i!:<. oevupani load.
2. Til." ceeupan! load permitted in a building or portion thereof mav be in iiea-ed ahovc thai -picified in this Seei'on if the ne^e-sary exit- arc pumd-ed. \ i! approved aisle or se.iting diagram may be recjuired bv the Buildir.g OfliJa! lo subsianuate an jnerease in occupani ioad.
:,i determining the occupant load, all portions of a building shall he pi es.imcd to be occupied at the same time.
l - .Xri ;PrU)\ : Aeces--ory use areas w,h!eh ordinal ily ,i-e used onlv bv ;-.et-sons who o.eiipy the main areas of an oceepan.v ihall be (-..'•ovided with cvii> as tlfOcjl-. ihcy were completely ocapicd, bv.t their occupani load need aei be iiivlii.Ud ill computing the total number of oeeup-inls lor die baiKiing.
(e) Overcrowding. The number of occupaiit- of any building or portion thereof shall not exceed the permitted or posted capacity.
( 0 Benches, Pews. Booths. Whcic benches or pew ^ are used, the nuciber of scats shall be based on one person for each IS inches of length of til!, pews or benches. Where booths are u-ed in dining areas, the number of scais will be based on one person for each 24 inches or major portion oierecf of length of booth.
(el Mixed Occupancies. The capacity of a building containing mised eec'.ipaneies shall be determined by adding the number of occupants of the - 1' lOus portions as set forth in Tabic No. 33-A.
(h) More Than One Purpose . For dctcrmimn. cvit requirements tlie vaii.:ei-v of a building or portion thereof which is used for djifereni purposes, <hJ\ be determined by the occupani load which gives the largest luiitv.ci ol persons.
li) ; . \ i t ObNtruction. No obstructions shall be placed in the icquired width ot an evil except projections permitted by this Chapter .
(;) Po-iinu of Room Capacity. Any room having an occupant load of IP.-re liMu 50 where fixed sca's ate not in- 'a! 'ed, and which i- u-ed toi
of the t) A ; -i)r hi-
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classrocmi, asse:nMy or MUiilar purpose, -hall have ihe .- .paeit . room po-ie:; in a conspicuous place near the main e,'' it Iro:;. the ro> proved signs shall be maintai:ied in a leg'"le m a m e r b> the owiie authorized agent, and shall indicate the :-umbcr of occ. irants p . for each rvHxn use.
(k) Changes in Elevation. Wiihin a bu.Iding, changes m. elevation o! les> than 12 inches along any exit serving a tributary oceui'ant loaJ ol 10 or more shall be by ramps .
I-;\l KPTIO.N: Group R. Dii-ion 3 Oeeupancies and .lieng ai-le- adioia in^ scaling areas.
(1) Reviewing Stands. Grandst.inds and Bleachers. For special provisions applicable for reviewing stands, grandstands and bLachcrs, <ce Section 3321.
Exits Required Sec. 33C2. (a) Number of Exits. Every building or usable portion
ihcieof shall have at least one exit, and shall have not less than two evii-wherc required by Tabic No. 33-A.
In all occupancies, floors above (he firs; story having an occupani load of more than 10shall have not less than two exits.
Each mezzanine u-cd for other than storage purpose-, if greater m .irea than 20t;K) square feet cr if more than 6o fee; in any diir.ension sh.dl lia.ve not less than two stairways to an adjacent floor.
For sp-~ia! requirements for Groups .-\. E, 1 and H Cecup.u-..ies a td open parking garages, see Sections 3315. 3316. 3317, 331S. 3319 and 110) (g). For stage exits, see Section 3907.
Every story or porti ' n thereof, having an occupant shall have not less than thiceexii- .
Every story or portion thereof, having an o -cupant k \ shall b^'.e not less than four exii-.
The number of exits required fiom any story of a build. ig shall b e d e u r -mined by usipg the occupant load of that story, plus the peree; tagcs ot the occupani loads of tlvwrs which evil through the level untlcr considc;.; lion as follows:
1. Fiftv percent of the occupant lo.>.d in the first adia^ciU Morv abov•• (and the firs: adjacent story below, wh^i a stoiv below evils p . - -ugh the level under coiisiderationl.
2 Ivventv-five pcr.eni o( the oceupa:-; load in the siorv immediaie'y bcvond the first .-'.djaeent story.
1 Ue m.iximum number o\ evits required foi anv storv sh.dl be m.iiii lained until egress is p-ovided from the sirueiurc. tSee See:.on 331 1.)
for purp.iscs of tins See;.on, bascnieiits oi cellars and occupied roofs shall be provided with exits as rcquirui for stories. Floors above the Second story, basements and cellars used t'or other than service of ' ! • buili'mg shall have no: less than two esiis.
497
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INiFOR.VI BUILDING CODE
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: -•••'"•• --'I'-e <:'a (T, ' l ip K. !>r.isK./I .( C;,.i!;r.aivv, -.v,.-•- ••• • ' -e: i- . '" . . 's I; • in • I'.-jpr,^ loii.i.N
I I :.• : •:.! • d'h o! cxi|-v T, | f j i shall be not less ihan the total .. -•.•;ve ; ;-vK!ed b;, 50. ^iich width of exits shall be dr.id,.d
.•.;u..il-. u'M...;. t!, . ^cpiraie exits. Tlie total exit width rc-...v - ; .ay oi a building shall be determined by using the occu-
f :d !•; 'iiai s!o:v. plus Ihc percentages of the occupant load, of rs .' •• .,!. tvii ili 'ougl: theievel undc' consideration as follows:
1 •'.. ; r^,,it -r ih : occupam load in the first adjacent stoiy above •• • : , i ^ .1 liaLcm story below, when a story below exits through the c ^-r eoi- 'derat ion) .
• c. V i.ve per-i,,t of the occupant load in the story immcdiateiv :•..' e ii: I adiaeent :>t'irv
;e .. .ivuauia exit wid:h required from atty story of a building shall be iai.,» J
Arfj.nremer,! of Exits. If only two exits are required thev shall be d .• d --a.ice apart equal to not less than one-half of the letigth of the . L • .- . . rai l diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served
L'r \: ,n a st; aight line between exits.
I \ ( I ••! lOS: U here evit enclosures are provided ,is ihe required nie.in-and iniereoiineeied by a corridor conforming lo
!- ol Se. !ion .•>3W (c), exit separauoas may be nieas;rrcd in a dircei IVel ,v,•!•.,.:> ii; . evil corridor. EnJosu.re walls shall be not less than 30 a; air, pui.Ti in a direct li.ne of measurement.
n.ee or more exits are required, they shall be arranged a di-iaiice apart so that if one becomes blocked, the others will
W r-cr.. re.', . i n a b e h : i va i l abL .
i-M Distance to Evils. The maximum distance of travel from any point :i' an e\ier;or exit door , horizontal exit, exit passageway, or an enclosed s-ai!wnv m a building not equipped with an automatic fire-extinguishing -v tcm thrs i ighout . shall not exceed 150 feet or 200 feet in a building e.;. ipped wiih an automatic fire-extinguishing systcmi throughout . These -is;,Mice. P'.iy be increased 100 feet when the last 150 feet is within a cor-' d'. ' , complying with Section 3304.
In a one ;ory C r o u p B, Division 4 Occupancy classified as a factory or w.uihouse and in one-story airplane hangars the exit travel distance may be increased to 400 feet if the building is equipped with an automatic fire-evii-.-uishmg system throughout and provided with smoke and heal ven-iil.iiion as <pccified in Section 3206.
(e) Evils Through Adjoining or Aecessory Areas. Exits from a room mav opi-r, into an adjoining or intervening room or area provided such ad-I ' l i i i ig room is accessory to the area served and provides a direct means o; egress lo an exil corr idor, exit stairway, exterior exit, horizontal exit, evierior e v Ivalcony or exit passageway.
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1976 EDITION 3302 3303
|-.X( !.!M IDS: 1 VI-- a:, luit to p a - ;; roa.'li , , . ,: ,ens, -\.ri.-. loni-. re-troonis e;i''-e;s or spj.fs iiseil for sinuiar r rpo-es.
Fovers. lobbies and reception rooms eonstrueteJ as required lor co\-ridor- shall not bcconsirued as intervening rooms.
(f) Entrances to Buiidinss. Main exits Irom building- requiring egress by the physically handicapped, as I: ted m T a b e No. 3.-- A. shall be usable i'v individuals in wheelchaiis and be on a level that would m.ake the elevators accessible v.herepro^idcd. D o o r s
Sec 3303. (a) General . This Section shall apply to every exit door serving an area having an occupant load of more than 10. or serving hazardous rooms or areas. Buildings or structures used for hum.an occupancy shall have at least one exit door which meets the requirements of subsection (d). Subsections (h) and (i) shall apply to all doors , regardless of occupam load.
(b) Swing. Exit doors shall swing in the direction of exit travel when serving any" hazardous area or when serving an occupant load of 50 or
more. Double acting doors shall not be used as exits serving a tributary occu
pant load of more than 100; nor shall they be used as a part of a fire assembly, nor equipped with panic hardware. A double acting door shall be provided with a view panel of not less than 200 square inches.
(c) Type of Lock or Latch. Exit doors shall be openable from the inside without ihe use of a key or any special know ledge or effort.
EXCEPTIO.N: Thi- requirement shall not apply lo exterior cxii doors in a Group B Occupancv it there i- a readily visible, durable sien on or adjacent to the door, stating '"THIS DOOR TO RLMAIN I NLOCKcD DURING BUSINESS HOURS." Hie sign shall be in letters not \< s than I inch high o a contrasting backgroind. The lovkiiig device must be of a type ihat will he readily distinguishable as locked. The use of ihis E.xcepiion ma.v be revoked by the Building Official loi due cause.
Manuallv operated edge or surface mounted Hush bolts and surface bolts are prohibited. When exit doors are used in pairs and approved autom.aiic Hush bolts are used, the door leaf having the automatic Hush bolts shall have no door knob or surface mounted hardware. The unlatching of any leaf shall not require more than one operation.
(d) Width and Height. Every required exit doorway shall be of a size as topermit the installation of a door not less than 3 feet in width and not less than 6 feet 8 inches in height. When installed in exit doorways, exit doo^s shall be capable of opening at least 90 degrees and shall be so mounted that the clear width of the exitway is not less than 32 inches. In computing the exit width required by Section 3302 (b). the net dimension of the exitway shall be used.
(e) Door Leaf Width. No leaf of an exit door shall exceed 4 feet in
widih (f) Special Doors. Revolving, sliding and overhead doors shall noi be
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3l^03-3301 UNIPCRK/" B U I L D I N G COCJE
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('') Ci.a: , , . in : b,..r U.,\ al O .o r s . Regaidless of nie ... cupant load
tnerc K. be a Ho . , o: landmg on eael, s.de of ,. d . o . . I ne lioo. oi l a n ^
me shai, be noi m.ore than 1 m.n lowc.-than the 'h rcsho ld of th- d.^-rvav
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f \ f »,i>JI(>.\S: I. Where iiie deor op-ns into a s:uir of a sn-r,ken-.,-,t eaJosar,, tU landing nc>'rl not iiave a lea.uih of S ice" M • .or
2 III (,ro,.,, R, Division 3 Oecuparw'.s a,:d .liY.n individual umis of (irc up R. Division 1 Oeeupaneic. a do-.^ m.., open on ihc lop ,:ep of a n,eh of siars or on an evlcnor laridaig prcvid.d ihe deor dc- . no s..ine ovc h lop-lep or exi-erior landing and the lai.d;. " noi s-ung over ihe the floor level.
3. In Group R, D;v;,iop. 3 Oe.upaneic; svving over siairs or steps.
4. In Group R, Division 3 O-eupaneie- and priva-e garaees and shed,, the landing shall ;,ave a !er.g;h equal to
i n g . .. . . . ' i sne- i i r . r j !ha i i7 . : inehe, belo.,v
, screer. do.;ri and storm doors mav
where a d, or opens over a lundii. iliewidthof thcdoor.
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Exit doors shall be .so marked that thev a.- e r^ the adjacent construction.
(J) Additional Doors . When additional doors are provided for e-ress purposes, they shall conform to all provisions of this Chapter .
EXCFPriON: Approved revol.ing doors havrnv, leaves whieh vsill coi-lap.sc under opposing pressures m^v be u-ed in exa siiu.i:ions prcv ided-
I Such doors have a minimi,n, .v jdih of 6 feet 6 inel ••-2. They arc not used In oceupan.ies w here evit- are required to be cq.ipp,d
villi paiiie hardware. H i i--'
3. Al leasi one conforming exi. door is loeaied ad'aeciu to each levolwnv. door uisialied in a building. ' e n n i . M n g
4. fl'^'revolving door shall nor he considered lo provide anv tfv,I uidih
Corridors and Exterior Exit Balconies Sec. 3304. (a) General . This Section shall applv to everv corridor serv-
iiic as a required exit for an occupant load of 10 or more persons for the purposes of this Section the term " c o i r i d o r " shall meludc "exterior exit t^.'lccny and any covered or enclosed ex,! pa-a.aewav includin" walkways, tunnels and malls. ^ ' "smuin^
lovers , lobbies and reception rooms mectmc the con-iruction re-qmieme'i is of corridors as specified m this Section mas be classed as cor-r ikloi s.
I 'T i inons . rails, counters and similar space dividers not ove.^ 5 fee; in lKi.:hl af.ov e ih.- floor shall not bcconsirued to fo^m cornd. ' rs .
500
lL ,,ilW^ «j; a l>' ••|•l J I'.,' LI,'-I',WJ«-«.» »>*••«»«' » ii»»m..> •••ii.i.uxiuJU'WBaF
197(5 EDITION 3304
tb) VVidlh. l:verv .^.jriidoi shjll he not le-- in vvidOi than 44 inches. I or -peeiai reiicTerr.en;- fur Gri. .;-- i, ,:p,d i Oeeupancies, see Sechons .• 31 7 and 331«.
(c) Heisiil. f . ' i t id ' - ' s and evierior e^'i balconies shai! hav-- a clear height of .-lo. less ihan 7 feet :.eas.,.^d to the lo.vcsi nroje^iio;; ir'^m the ceiling
(d) Froj,-rtions. The rcciuired wij- ) ol corridors shall be unobstiucied.
ly.xCKPTiOS: Triia, h, • ji.ni, and do.-rs v.h-.n fulh opened, shall not redu.;e ihe requ-L J widili r . more ihaa ~ in.he-. V o: . in any po-.;:on shall not rcduee the recaired wid'i. 'L-V more than oiie-ha!:'.
(e) Access to Exits. When mo^e than one exit is required, the;, shall be so arranged that it is possible to go in either direction from any point in a ; corridor to a separate exit, exc-p; for dead ends not exceeding 20 feet in ' length. ;
( 0 Chanjjcs in Elevat i .n . V. ^len a corridor or exicrior exit balcony is accessible to an elevHtor, change- in elev.ation of th P o o : shall be made by means of a ramp.
(g) Construction. Walls of corridors sei ving an occupant load of 30 or more shall be of not less than one-hour I'ire-rcsistive con-truction and the ceilings shall be not less than that lequired for a one-hcMir fiie-resis'ivc floor or roof system.
.. buildings hoa-aij Group B, Division -i Oc-F \ ( KPFION-: !. On. eupaaeie-.
2. C . j r i i do r - n-.orc ihur '•i> lee; in -.v :d h where oeeupaiua-- served by sueh eorridois havcdi ieasi one cvii inaepende a from, the eorndor.
.• Evtcrior -idc- of evie.' er evi; oaleonies.
Whei; the ceiling of the entire s-.ory is an elemeni of a one-hour fire-resistive floor or roc-' system, the corridor wall mav tert:!inaic at the ceiling. When the room, side fire-resis;ivc membrane of the corridor wall is carried through to the underside of a fire-resi-,:ive lloo,- or roof above, the corridor side of the ceiling ma . be proi?cted bv the use- oreeiling maicna l -as required for one-hour floo' or re-of system cemsirueiion oi the corridor ceiling m.iy be of the s.ime con-:''u.-;i.ip as the corridor walk
Ceiling., M noncombustibi-.- coi.-''-::eiion may be suspended below the n.'c-re-isiive ceiling.
(h) t>penings. Where eorrivl.sr xsail- are recjuired to le of one-hour fire-resistive construction by suhs: , ;!on (g) above. c» ev dom opeiii'^s' shall be ' proiecied bv a tighi-fitting sr'.oke .and draft control dooi issembiv ha a liie proieeiiein rarii'g o! n i corifine with li.LVG. S ia r , ' . -The dooi .ind fra'^;,- shall b:.v showing the ratine thereof, t^e
V ing
le-- Ihan 2ti miiares wli.-n lesied m ai .: '-0 -41-2 wiihoin the h.o-c -iream icsi. a;i approved label or other ider;ifuaiioii n.iiP.e or ll;e man Meiu'er, aad the iden-
lilieaiion o( the servie'. eo. J..^; ,,. ih, m-p-.-etion oi m.itenals and wotkmar ' shp at ihe favioiv c r n g :'.-.b; le.iiioii ,ind .i-se:r.'vv. Doors shall bemaii:iained sel!-Jo-ing or --.ali be ,i iiomaiie c\ismg ,n aeeordanee wiil
501
I >
1 ' ^ \ • ' UNIFORM BUILDING COOE
- : nor i-:-.T. r.e- shall he fixed and protected by . s -ed -lass iii-ialied n sUe' frar.cs The total area
, d. ivs . in :•-<;• -ortion of an interior corridor • •,; .1 ilie are.i ••! the corridor wall cf the room
. , .. , i , . eotridoi for duct openings, sec Section
1976 EDITION 3305
I ^. i c i i . i N ; O l ' I l ll-,e auei ior walls of exterior exit
,. . I ... . n un I'r.ipert.v. l.Mcrior exit balconies shtiH not be located in . . . , - . . .^. ,. : . . : J S are required to be prctcctcJ due to location on the
is.iys .; - If 1.1) f ..-.i.-rjl. Every stairway serving any building or port ion
.i .:.;:. I Ol.I r:- to the requirements of this Section. I X< I I'lION: M..ir-or ladders use.i only !o attend equipment arc exempt
•• •::••" .rev; .reT.i'ti's o'lliis Section \Sul; 'i. Mairv avs serving an occupant load of more than 50 shall be - :n width thai V. inches. Stairways serving an occupant load of 50 s l ias !-e -6 inelies wide. Private stairways serving an occupant load - !, ;. lOmiv be 30 inches wide.
, not reduce the required width by more than 3'/f inches. .av pcMec; from each side of a stairway a distance of 3 ' ; in-r . qm 'cd width.
. _ncl Kun. The rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed he- and Ihe run shall be not less than 10 inches. The largest tread •• r;s-er heigh' v ilia.'- any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest •- ;h..i;i 'j inch.
I -iri-. : . - . i -a
•. i n .
f I K . I ' :
;d;n V mo
i-.V'> l-.I*riO\: Private stairways -c^mg an Oscupant load of less than 10 .:• .1 -..•iwjvs -..1 unoccupied roofs ni.iv he eonstrueled with an S-ineh max-.:••.:•:'. i-eandV ineh mininmni lun
(d) Wind.nj; Stairways. In Group R. Division 3 Occupancies and in is.ii -'.a -.vays in G r o u p R. Division I Occupancies, winders may be •d ;: lie c n i i r e d width of run is provided al a point not more than 12
Jl.. :to:., he side >^\' the stairway where the treads are the narrower, but Il r i .^ ,-e -; .11 any width of run be less than 6 inches at any point.
Ki ( i f c . ' j r Siuirua%s. Circular stairs may bv; used as an exit provided th.- i.,i. • -,•; w. !!l. sf'rur. is not less than 10 inches and the smaller radius I- ! - • ...,1 ivviee the width of the stairway. The larcc-t tiead width or
-• hv :••: - . ih in anv flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by more ; ! i : ; K
!• --inr ,1 ^lairwav- In Group R, Div ision 3Ceeupancies and ill private -: . - . o . V. linn II.dividual units of Group R. Division I (Xcupaneies, -pt.r. a , : . - , ivsu, V be installed. Such stairways may be used for required .. - II- >* .'.ei : c .ire.i -erved i- limited lo 400 square lect.
' , f > : '
The iread must provide a clear walking area measuring at icasi 2(-> inches from the outer edge of the suppoiting column to the inner edge of the hand rail. A run of at least i ••': inches is to be provided at a point ! 2 inches from where the tread is the narrowest. The rise must be sufficier.i ro provide 6-foot 6-i;ich iicadt .lom I h c rise shall not exceed 9 ' : inches.
ig) Landintis. Every landing shall have a dimension measured in the direction of travel equal to the width of the stairway. Sucn dimen-ion need not exceed -1 feet when the siaii has a stiaight run. 1 atidings, when provided, shall nv)i be reduced in widih by more thati 3^ • mehes by a door when fully open. Sec Section 3303 (h).
E \ C T ; P T ! 0 N : Stairs serving an unoccupied roof aie evenipt from these provisions.
(h) Basement Stairways. Where a basement stairway and a stairway to an upper story terminate in the same exit enclosure, an approved barrier shall be provided to prevent persons from continuing on into the base-n.ent. Directional exit signs shall be provided as specified in Section 3312
(-'.'-li) Distance Between Landings. There shall be not more than 12 feet
vcitically between landings. (J) Hand.rails. Stairways shall have handrails on each side, and everv
stairway required lo be m.ore than 88 inches in width shall be provided vviih not !e<s ihan one intermediate handrail for each 88 inch.s of required width. Inter.ricdiate handrails shall be spaced approximately equal within the ci.iiic w idth of the stairway.
Handrails shall be placed not less than 30 inehe- nor more ilian 34 inches above the nosing of treads. They shall be coniinuous the full length of the stairs and except for private stairways at least one hnndra j '^hali extend not Icsi than 6 inehe-; beyond the top and bottesm risers. Ends sh.ill b : returned or shall tcrmdnate in new cl posts or safety terminals.
E \ ( . f i P n ( ) > . Suii.'wav- 44 inehes oi ie-- >.n width and sIa!rw.lv^ scvine or-..- individual dweimv- unii in Group R. Dr.isio:-. 1 o- } O^en," i,.oes ma have one handrail, cveepl that sueh siairwav - open on >vie .,-r hv"!i rde- -h.il! have I'laadiails prcv id..d on thj e-'per. sid,- o,- -idc-
Handrails projcv-ting from a wall shall have a spa,.e of ni>i le-- than 1 V; inches between the wall and the handrail,
(k) Guardrails . See Section 1716. (1) Exterior Stairway Protection. .Ml openings in the exterior wall
below or wi'hin 10 feet, nieasured hori.'ontally. of an cxienor cvir >iaiiwav -c^ving a building over two s tone- in height shall be protected bv a sell closing fire assemblv having a three rourihs-hoiir tire-resisiive raiing.
K\ ( r.P I ION: <);>eniiies ni.iv he iiii|iroieeied when iwo -e.-.n.. d eoei lo-si.tirwav - serve an evUTior evn hakoiiv
im) Stairway Construction—Inlciior. Interior si , , irvass sli.dl be eon stiueied as specilied m I 'an V of this Code.
\ \ here there is enclosed Usable space under stairs the walls ,ind s ^\'\i[^ e.f
503
! • ; • . :
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3'505 3306 UNIFORfi/l BUILDING CODE 1976 EDITION 3306-33O8
the e-ielose-d space shall be pro:ectcd on the enclosed side as required for oi.elioui I ire-resistive constru.:ion. See .Seelion 3308.
M' : -uuiied interior sUiirwavs which extend to the top Hoor in any •• - •'i''e.i' f'.ur o, more stories Ji, height shall have provided al the highest I 'au .d the sia.ir shaft an approved hatch openable to the extciior no t less Ih a. )'• -..ii.,.e feci in area with a minimum dimension of 2 feet.
I- \ t !.!• I KIN: The haien shall not be required on smokeproof enelo-uie-111 .ir, a trwavs ihai cviend to the roof w ith an opening onio that roof.
nil >-:.:,•, way Consfruclion-Exterior. Exterior stairways shall be of n 'Uso: ibu lible materia! except that on Types MI and IV buildings not ex-cedi'ig two srorics m height, located in Fire Zones No. 2 and No 3 and on 1 .pe V buildings, they may be of wood not less than 2 inches in I. '.1' iitil thickness,
l.vieno, -;airwa;,s shall not project into yards where protection of onen-ir s IS fctpiirecl. '
\yhTe li.ere is enclosed usable space under stairs, the walls and soffit-o. oie eneloscd space shall be protected on the enclo.scd side as required for o,ie-!ujur liie-rcsistivcconstruction.
(o) Sia.r.vav lo Roof. In every building four or more slorie.s in hei-ht one s.air.vay shall cx.end to the roof surface, unless the roof has a slope ereaiei tlun four in 12.
_ W) Weadroom. Every required stairway shall have a headroom v'l '.r u.r o; not less than 6 feet 6 inches. Such clearances shall be Y'-i '1 .ed by measuring vertically from a plane parallel and tangent to Ilie stairway tread nosing to the soffit above at all points. Rarrips
-ee. 3306. (a) General. Ramps used as exits shall conform to the prov i-sionso; ihis Seciion.
' ' • 'Width. The width cf ramps shall be as required for stairways. '- i ^lo[u . Ramps required by Table No. 33-A shall not exceed a slope of
•'• -eriK.,' io 10 hori.-onial. The slope of other ramps shall not exceed <•'••- V. -(u,-i| ;oS hori/onial.
t.') i ai:din<;s. Ramps having slopes greater than one vertical to 15 " ' ''••I- d s.-.a!l have landings at the top and bottom and at least one in-
e-!i,ue landmg shall be provided for each 5 feet of rise. Top landings "•.'^inied ate lartdings shall have a dimension measured in the direc-'•. r.nip run of not less than 5 feet. Landings at the bottom of ramps
'••" e.i -'in'-nsio.iinthediicetionof ramp run of not less than 6 feet. " ' "• ~ '" •'"• r^^i'-ic-ri sh:?ll net reduce the minimum dimension of the
•mdiri:- to U s th.an 42 mehes and shall not reduce the required widih by "•''••• 0 ,,,1 1 ; iiHlK-swhcp fully open.
> 'V- ' - ' -7" . ' ' ' i ' '•"' '" having slopes exceeding one vertical to 15 '•' '' '' '^''^" handrails as required for slairwavs, except that in-
'••• • -••'• :. ;e hai.,:r.iiK sh,,|| not be required.
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(f) Construction. Ramps shall be constructed as required for stairways. (g) Surface. The surface of ramps shall be roughened or shall be of
nonslip materials. Horizontal Exit
Sec. 3307. (a) l.sed as a Required Exi!. 1* conforming to the prov.-runs of litis Chapter, a horizontal exit may he considered as a required cxii.
(b) Openings. All openings in a wall which provides a hori.'oiiial exit shall be protected by a fire assembly having a fire-resistance rating of not le-s than one and one-half hours. Such fire assembly shall be automatic- ^ closing as provided in Section 4306 (b) when subject to pioducts of com- , bustion other than heat.
(c) Discharge Areas. A hori7ontal exit shall lead into a floor area hav-itii! e.jp;K-i.v for an occupant load not less than the occupant load served bv"s;ich exit. The capacity shall be determined by allowing 3 square feet of net clear floor area per ambulatory oc-ipant and 20 square feet per nonambulatory occupant. The area into which the horizontal exit leads siiall be provided with exits other than additional hiri/onial exits as required bv Section 3302. Exit Enclosures
Sec. 3308. (a) General. E'.cry interior stairway, ramp or escalator shall be enclosed as specified in this Section.
t-XCiPTIONS: I. In other than Grcap I Oeeapnneies. an enehK.irt- will no! be re-quired i"or a siairw.av, ramp or escalator serving ord> one adiaecni (loor and not eonneaed with eo.-iidorso' stairways serv inc other flo.vs. for enelos'.ire of escalators scrv ing Group B Oeeupaneie-, see Chapier 17.
.:. Sta rs in Group R, Division 3 Oeeirpaneies and slair- wiihiii m.Jividual apaiiinenis in Group R, Divi-iori 1 Oeeupancies need not he cr,elo-ed.
(b) FInciosure Construction. Enclosure walls shall be of not Ics- than two-hour fire-resistive construction in buildings more than four stories in heiehi and shall be of not less than one-hour fire-rcsishve construeiion cL-cw here.
(c) Openifi}.'s into Enclosures. Theit shall be no opemngs mio exit enclosures except e.xii doorways and openings m exterior walls. .Ml exit doors in an exit enclosure shall be proteeied by a frre assembly having a tire-protection rating of not less than one hour where one-hour shaft con-sir,jc;ion is permitted and one and onc-haif hours where two-hour shaft construeiion is required. Doors shall be maintained sclf-dosing or -hall be automatic closing by metins of produc's of combustion deieitot- olliei than heat as provided for in Section 4306 (b). The mavimur'i transmilied lemperaiureend point siiall not exceed 4.'=0° F. above amb.eni at the end of 30 iiiinaies of the fire evposure spceified m U.D.C. Standard No. 43-2.
(d) Extent of Enclosure. Siairwav and ramp enJosures shall include landings and parts of floors conneeting suiirwas fliglus and shall also include a corridor on the ground floor lead^'lg from the si.or-.vay to the exterior ol ih.e bi'ildiiig. Inclosed eoi.'id(>rs or passagewavs .ire not required
505
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3308 3309
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UNIFORfifl BUILDING CODE
i n ro th.e co r i i do r shall compiv
1976 E D I T I O N 3309
,,,,,. u:i.-n e'-ed srairwavs. Every opening . ,;i. l ie leo.memenis of Section 3308(c).
• \ ( I 1'1U)N-. In oPi.e haildaig- efi-sed a- a Group B, Divi-iou 2 Ov.-. •ai.s. a iv.a-- iiuin ol ."O percent ol the e-.Us nuiv diseharge iliroiigli a
s-,i-a 0..o! Uibl V provided the required exil width is Iree and unob-tnieled .ivvl •.t'-- cniiic sireel floor is proreeied wiih an auioniarie fire-exiinguishiiii; • • v s i e ' - i
[•:) .'Vir'i'T. A stairway in an exit enclosure shall not continue below th.e glade level exil unless an approved barrier is provided at the ground floor kv el to prevent persons from accidentally continuing into the basement.
II) I se of Spnee Under Stair. There shall be no enclosed usable space ui.Jer stairways in an exit enclosure, nor shall the open space under such - • .irways he used for any piirpo^c.
Smokeproof Enclosures v c . }30*). (a) General. .A smokeproof enclosure shall consist of a
ve-iibule and coniinuous stairway enclosed from the highest point to the U-.vc-i p- ''T by walls of two-hour fire-resistive construction. The supporting frame shall be protected as set forth in Table No. 17-.A.
(b) Where Required. Where a floor of any story is located more than 75 f. :: above th" higlicst grade; one of the required exits shall be a sia.o: eproof enclosure. When a smokeproof enclosure is required it shall br Used to meet the requirements of Section 3305 (o).
(e) Construction. Siairs in smokeproof enclosures shall be of non-combustible construction.
Id) Outlet. A smokeproof enclosure shall exit into a public way or into an exit passageway leading to a public way. The exit passageway shall be v.itho-ji other openings and shall have walls, floors and ceiling of two-hou- file resistance.
(e) Barrier. A stairway in a smokeproof enclosure shall not continue beU-V. the grade level unless an approved barrier is provided at the ground level to prcvciit pci sons from accidentally continuing into the basement.
(f) Aeeov",. Access to the stairway shall be by way of a vestibule or by w ay of an open exterior balcony of noncombustiblc materials.
(g) S.molvcjjroof Enclosures b> Natural Ventilation. I. Doors. Doors lo ho;h the vestibule and to the stairway shall have a one-hour lire-lessiiee r ilingand have closing devices as specified in Section 3309(h) 6.
2. Open air vestibule. The vestibule shall have a minimum of 16 square Ie I ol opening, in a wall facing an exterior court, yard or public way at lea-i 20 feet in width.
(h) Smokeproof EncloMircs by Mechanical Ventilation. 1. Doors. The door tiom Ihe building into the vestibule shall have a one and one-half-horn fire-resistive rating and have closing devices as specified in Section •!">09( | i i ( , ,
I he dooi from the vestibule to the stairway shall be a tight-fitting door
505
equal to noi !e -, il.ai: an exterior type solid wood door without voids, assembled v.iih exterior tvpe glue, I ' .-inch mmiir.um thiekne-s set in a steel frame W ired izla-s, n provided, shall not exceed 100 square mefies m area and shall be sci in a SRCI frame. The door shall be provided ».th a drop sill ir other provi-ion to minimi/eair letiktigc.
2. Vesiibide si/f. The vestibule shaH have a mimrriimi dimension of 44 inches in width and 72 inches in direction of exil travel.
3. Vestibule ventibtion. The vestibule shall be provided with not less than one air change per minute and the exhaust shall be I.SO P ™ ' "J J^ supply. Stipplv air shall enter and exhaust air shall discharge from the vestkile through separate, tightly constructed ducts used on'y f*/ '^^ purpose. Suppiv air shall enter the vestibule withm 6 inches o th. floor Tevel The top of the e.xhausl register shall be located at the top ol the smoke trap but no mere than 6 inches down from the top of the nap ana shall be entirely within the smoke trap area. Doors, when in 'he open p o . tion, shall not obstruct due openings. Duct ope-irngs n' > . ' ^ P/J 'J" '^ with con.roiLing dampers, if needed, to meet the d sign requirements but are no; otherwise required.
NOI !•• F-sr buildinu- where such air changes would resuli in exeessiveMy ,31^ c: and blow.; requirements, a specially - . - e , ^ svsiem may b us-'d SI . ' - an ereinceu-d svsteni shall p.ovide : » 0 cfm > sl.ausi Iro i a ";"b.de .hea in-cme,geney operal.on and shall l-e si/ed to ha x^s three s-rib.des simuhaneouslv and .he smoke detector Laeaud ^"-J'-^^'';'^ s::aL,e sfiall rclea.e to open the sapniy and exhausi duet damoers in .hat af
4 s ioke ' t ' rap 'The vestibule ceiling shall be at least 20 inches higher than fhTdoor o^^ning into the vestibule to serve as a smoke and neat trap andtoprovideanupward moving airceilumn. , , „ ^ • , ,
5 Stair sh.ft air movement sy.teni. The stair shaft shall be provided w • b P hamcal Mipplv and exhausi air. There shall be a m.mmum of 2500 cl a ^ d ' e h " e a, .h^'op of the shaft. The supply shall be sufficient lo pro-
H 1 m rii' ium of 0^ inch, of water column with respect to aimospheric ; ; i s t ; e S i all d o o ; dosed and a minimum of .lO-inch water column dit-fercnce between the stair shaft and Ihe vestibule.
6 Door Cios.no De>ices. The exit doors into the vestibule and into the s, -i; shaft shall close automatically when leleascd by aetivation of a detec-o meet n . e lequi^ements of Sce.ion 4306 (b) 2. The door holding
doicis ^hal! be of an approved type which will release .he doors so that thev will close in the evem of a power failure.
7 Optralion of ventilatin- equipment. Vestibule and sia.r sha i mechanisai veni.laiion mtv. be inactive or may operate at reduced levxls ^ r ne>rmal operation- as approved by the Building Otficial; but when he detec.ois referred to m paragraph 6 ciihe- fail or are activated, the mechanical equipment shall operate ai the levels spce-ficd in paragraphs 3
8. Standby power. Mechanical ventilation equipment shall be provided
507
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U.NIFORM B O I L D I N C COOE 1 9 7 6 E D I T I O I s l 3 2 - 1 - 1 - 3 3 1 .
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. t ( ip r . " e J sei! . o i ; ( . l ined i r cnc ra io r scl t o o p e r a t e wl ie i ieser iherc is a i.' fHiwcf in the n o r m a ! h o u s e c u r r e n i . The g e n e r a t o r shal l be m ,i Of r."iii having a minimum One-hour Eire-rcsistivc OeeHpauev ,;i..oi, o;.' shall have a minimum fuel supply adequate to operate the .ii.er.' f o ' two p.op.rs.
•V-ccptanct and lestin};. Before the mechanical cquip.Tieni is ac-d hv ih.e Ui.ild.ing Official, it shall be tested in his presence to con-di,.t rhe mechanical equipment is operating in compliance wiih the- e
1. ements.
10 Emergency lighting. The stair shaft and the vestibule shall be pro-vid.d wuh emergency lighting. The standby generator which is insiall.d lor ihe smokeproof enclosure mechanical ventilation equipment may be u-ed ior standby emergency lighting power supply.
11. Air-conditioned buildings. In buildings with air-conditionink' SV lem- cr pressure air supply, serving more than one storv, a detector of products of combustion other than heat conforming to the requirements of Section 4306 (b) 2 shall be placed in the return air prior to exhau-tin' from the building or being diluted by outside air. Upon activation the detector shall cause the return air to exhaust completely from the buiidm.-wiiluvji any recirculation through the building. Such devices may be installed m each room or space served by a return air duct. Exit Courts
Sec. 3310. (a) Gencr.il, Every exit court shall discharge into a public wav or exit passageway.
(b) Width. Exit court minimum widths shall be determined in accordance with provisions of Section 3302 based on the tributary occuptm-s> load and such required width shall be unobstructed except for projections permitted in corridors in Section 3304.
Where the width is reduced from any cause the reduction shall be cf-lesie-d gradually by a guardrail at least 3 feel in hei-hi and makins an lagle of not more than 30" w ith the axis of the exit court.
(c) Number of E.xiis. Every exil couit shall be provided with exits as determined by Section 3302.
(d) OpcninES. All openings into an exit court less than 10 feet wide shall be protected by fire assemblies having not less than a thrce-fourihs hour lire i-irotection rating.
KXCKPIION: Openings more than 10 feel above the Ooor of the evil e.niri may be unproieeied
Exit Passageways
•Sec. 3311. (a) Discharge. The walls of exit passa.Jiewavs shall be wuliout openings other than required exits and shall have^walN, floors and ceilings ol the same period of fire resisianee as required tor the walls, Hviots and ceilings of the building served with a minimum ot one hour lue-resisiivcconstruetion. Exit openings throughout the eneU-ing w alK of
508
evil pa ^-iiuevv ;i . s siiall h j p io- . -e ied by fire' a s s e m b l i e s l i a s ' n e a t i l r ee - fo i : r t l i s -hour f i r e - p r ' a i e - u o n ra i : r .g .
(h) Di ' la i led K c q u i r e n u - n t s . f xi; p ; sagewav s shal l h i \e u id ; ( , h-j'i.-hi. a n d o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n r e q u i : e ; n e i H s as r e q u i r e d for corridor - m Seeoo.-i 3 3 0 4 .
Exit Signs and Illumination Sec. 3312. (a) Exit illumination. Exits shall be illu.minated at any time
the building is occupied w ith light havin.g an intensity of not Icss iha.t one footcandle at floor level.
EXCEPTION: Group R, Div i-ion 3 Occupancies. Exit illumination shall be provided with separate circuits or separate
sources of power (but not necessarily separate from exit signs) when these arc required for exit sign illumination. See Section 3312(c),
(b) Exil Signs. At every required exit doorway and wherever otherwise required to clearly indicate the direction of egress, an exit sign with letters having principal stroke not less than U inch wide and at least 6 inches high shall be provided fro.m all areas serving the occupant load specified in this subsection. In interior stairways the floor level leading direct lo the exterior shall be clearly indicated. Exit signs shall be installed in:
1. Group A, Diviiion 1 Occupancies and Groups A, Divisions 2, 2 .1, 3 and 4, I and R Division I Occupancies with an occupant load of more than 50.
2. All otiier occupancies serving an occupant load of more than lOO KXCEPTIO.N: .^Jaln exterior evil doors whieh obviousl> and eLarly are
identifiable as exiu need not be -ijn posted when approvevl b.v tiie Building Official.
(c) Illumination of Signs. Exit signs serving the occupant loads specified in this subsection shall be lighted with two electric lamp- of not less than 15 watts each in the follow ing manner.
1. Two separate sources of supply shall be provided for the following occupancies:
A. Group A, Division 1 Occupaneics. B. Divisions 2 and 2.1 of Group .A Occupancies with an occupant load
over 500 persons, except churches with an occupant load of less than 750 persons.
C. Group 1 Occupancies w iih an occupant load over 100 persons. 2. Separate circuits, one of which shall be separated from all other cir
cuits in the building and independently controlled, shall be requiied for the following occupancies;
A. Groups .\. Divisions 2, 2.1, 3 and 4, f and B Occupancies with an occupant load over 3(X) persons.
B. Groups H and R, Division 1 Ocsupmcies with an occupant load over 100 persons.
C. Group 1 Oceupaneies'.v ith an occupant loadovei 50 persons.
509 i)J^
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A i s / e s
Sic i j ; . ? . (.1) O'eneraf. Every poriion of every building in which are in-^c;(i^. labics. merchandise, equipnieni or similar materials shall be
- 1 9 7 6 E C S I I KLPWI
Tvs f i ' . t > - o n e i n d i e s c l e a r t o i r o w s o t -*5 s c a t s o r lc*is T\^enly-t^^o inches clear for ro\N *> of -•6 seats or more
'At' '~'\~t
. J e d vv I i.'i a i s l e s l eading t o a n e.xit.
i> \ Width. Every aisle shall be not less Ihan 3 feet wide if .serving only ...e -ve.e. vnJ not less than 3 feel 6 inches wide if serving both sides. Such V. •.- u. uw -V ,dvV\ sh ill be measured at the point farthest from an exit, cross .1 . • Ol ivu.-T and shall be increased by I'/; inches for each 5 feet in length ; '.V '. ;lu e-i .erossaisk.or foyer.
V . h .om.i.ei.ta\ spacing, as specified in Section 3314 (a), side aisles d..:!! ;.eu.i! Icss than 44inchcs in width.
1.1 Distances lo .Nearest Exil, In areas occupied bv seats, and in Group \ f V. .ip;meies without seats, the line of travel to an exit door by an aisle ^ a!! i ent.t ni.ve than 150 feet.
Id, \>sle Spjcing, With standard spacing, as specified in Section 3314 (.1). a-s;e. shall be so located that there will be not more than six interven-;;.g scats between any seat and the nearest aisle.
W Ith continental spacing, as specified in Section 3314 (a), the number of "itervemng seats may be increased to 29 where exit doors are provided .-1. .ng caci, side aisle of the row of seats at the rate of one pair of exit doors ...t eae.i five rows of seals. Such exit doors shall provide a minimum clear width of 66 inches.
(c) Cross Aisles. Aisles shall terminate in a cross aisle, foyer, or exit fhc width of the cross aisle shall be not less than the sum of the required -: . i l i 01 the widest aisle plus 50 percent of the total required width of the rctriammg aisles leading thereto. In Groups A and E Occupancies, aisles -Til not prov idea dead end greater than 20 feet in length.
(0 > omitories. Vomitories connecting the foyer or main exit with the
-. uirh'l^rT; L ^ " ' V ^ / " ' '•'*'*^ " ° ' ' " ^ ^han the sum of the required >..Mn of the widest aisle leading thereto plus 50 percent of the total required width of the remaining aisles leading thereto.
tg) Slope. The slope portion of aisles shall not e.xceed I foot fall in 8
Oe&l Spacing
Sec. J314. With standard seating the spacing of rows of seats shall provide a space of not less than 12 inches from the back of one scat to the front 01 the most forward projection of the seat immediately behind it as measured horizontally between vertical planes.
U Ith continental seating, the spacing of rows of unoccupied seats shall piovirie a clear width measured horizontally as follows (automatic or sell-r^ing se.-iis shall be measured in the seaoup position, other seats .hall be ireaaired in the seat-down position):
Eighteen inches cleai for rows of lo seau or Icss Twenty inches clear for rows of 35 seats or less
510
Exits: Group A, Division 1 Occupancies See. 3315. (a) Main Exit. Every Group A, Division 1 Occupancy shall
be provided w ith a main exil. Ttie main exit shall be of sufficient width to accommcidate one-half of
ihc total occupant load but shall be not less than the total required width of all aijies, exit passageways, and stairways leading thereto, and shall connect to a stairway or ramp leading to a public way.
(b) Side Exits. Every auditorium of a Group A, Division 1 Occupanc.v shall be provided with exits on each side. The exits on each s,de of the auditorium shall be of sufficient width to accommodate one-third of the total occupani load served. Side exits shall open directly to a pub.':c way or into an exit court, approved stairway, exterior stairway or exit passageway leading to a public way. Side exits shall be accessible from a cross aisle.
(c) Balconv Exits. Every balcony having an occupant load of more than 10 shall be provided with a minimum of twoexiis. Balcony exits shall open dTCcilv onto an exterior stairway or into an approved stairway or ramp. When'there is more than one balcony, exits shall open into an exterior or enclosed stairwav or ramp. Balcony exits shall be accessible from a cross aisle. The number and distribution of exits shall be as otherwise specific^ in this Chapter.
(d^ Panic Hardware. An exit door from a Group A, Division I Occupancv having an occupant load of more than 100 shai! not be provided with a lateh orlock unless it is panic hardware. Exits: Group A, Divisions 2,2.1,3 and 4 Occupancies
Sec 3316. (a) Group A. Divisions 2. 2.1 and 3. Group A, Divisions 2 and 2 1 Occu-.ancic' shall have exits as required by Section 3315. In Group A Division 3 Occupancies having an oceu-^ant load of more than inn Pvi, Hno^s shall not be provided with a laich or lock unless it is pame 100, exil doors shall not be prov hardwaie.
F \ ( fPTION: C'ei ...; -\. D.v;.:>.|i 2 1 re-.-ae'a-.ls. bar-, bovlir.e alie ar-.d in e':i.'r:!ies, par liiae: exit e-'risis;
e.d .'' CX^'.ip.mi., •- -'.AII as
diioiiuiiis .^id simdni .o ian v'ei.d ii-e-iK ti..-d-.v.ire r-.,;v bconiiiled l';.. ••. il.e main c^ ' wlieii '1 e
gle door cr one pair cl dears A Kev lo^'uru' de\ ne ni . '— 1 - I ir pl'i'-''-' '^' '*"-' P'Ti'^' hardware provided ihere is a re.i...iv visit-!.-;,'';.'-.a^-"oVii aduK-ent ro the doo, - r . staimr -THIS DCOK Xll sT k! , \ I \ i N t N K K K f D DLRINC RLSINFSS HOL RS •' The siiii nail he i,, ieiiers ne: le-s ihaii 1 in.h Higli >in .i eeiiira-iine bj..l,tr.'-jrid \Xheii uiil.'e'r ed. .1 SI:.J • d.ior .11.d e..^!\ leaf ol J p.i.r of d.-vi- n.usi he wii'ieai I ; f^iu'ri o: .uiv lai.hiiij deviee. The lo^liiie devic J e •-- ri-ii;-; [-.e a'ranired -o 1I1..1 w tiea >'iie le.it 1- .. loeKed. llie o'he - Iiee le -'.M...: i L-h . ectie 01 -i: la^e hol! ,>r aev ollie' r •-pe ol d.-vK ii-ed'to J o . e or re-ira. 1 'he d.-.- - oilier ihan r- .'i^. i.iii.'n < dt-.iee .I'e pri.a:ibiu-d 7he ii-e e ' rhis 1 veepr .ii in.n he u-IV.i.ldmi' (iflis .il loi d a . e.ilise.
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1
BIBLIOGRAPHY lif
^c^7 B I B L I O G R A P H Y
Horace Halley, Carina True, Carl Scheffler, and Mason Remey. The
Structure of the Bahai Temple. Bahai Publishing Committee, New York, 1928.
The Universal House of Justice, The Bahai World an International Record.
The Universal House of Justice. Haifa, Israel, 1974.
Bahai Publishing Committee. The Bahai World; A Biennial International
Record. Bahai Publishing Coiranittee, New York, 1928.
Shoghi Effendi. Messages to America/1947-1957. Bahai Publishing Trust,
Wilmette, Illinois, 1970.
Shoghi Effendi. Bahai Administration. Bahai Publishing Trust, Wilmette,
Illinois, 1968.
The Universal House of Justice, The Bahai World. The Universal House of
Justice, Haifa, Israel, 1976.
Shoghi Effendi. The World PrdPr of Bahaullah. Bahai Publishing Trust,
Wilmette, Illinois, 1938.
1 / ^
rtrwvT 1 «]l mi«ia « i n
B I B L I O C 3 R/V.PH Y
V
J.E. Esslemont. Bahaullah and the New Era. Bahai Publishing Coi.jaittee. V]ilmette, Illinois. 1950 . pp.30U.
r.ric Berne, M.D. The Structure and Dynamics of Organizations and Groups. Ballantine Books, Nev; York. 1974.
James Draper and James Brooks. Interior Design for Libraries. Ar.ierican Library Association. Chicago. 19T9"!; pp. 14 6.
Serge Chermayetf Christopher Alexander. Conmiunity and Privacy. Doubleday and Company, inc. Garden City, New York. 1963.
Sarah P. Harkness and James N. Groom, Jr. Building without Barriers for the Disabled. Watson-Guptill Publications. New York. 1974.
Aladar Olgyay and Victor Olgyay. Solar Control and Shaping Devices. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 1957.
I
^'^^T'^'^^^WW.
DOCUMENTATION
I have finished designing a Bahai House of Worship for the
Bahai faith, but I have only started my understanding of archi
tectural design. The architectural thesis is a tool that is
used by educators to help students learn. By the guidance of
my professors and the grace God gives, I have learned a great
lesson in doing an architectural thesis.
A designer is like an athlete. He sets a goal, works long
hours, and sacrifices the easy life to reach that goal. Once
the goal is reached, there is a satisfaction of achievement and
a feeling of success. However, the satisfaction and success
soon fade. New and higher goals are concentrated upon and the
process starts again.
Philosophy as related to architecture is one of relating
buildings to the site and to the people that use it. The build
ing should be easily understood and inviting. The design should
not stop with the architect and the architect should not over
design. After the building is built and in use, it should offer
flexibility and opportunity for the people to use its spaces for
varied activities.
The House of Worship is to be located at the south of Lub
bock from the north to 82nd Street and from the south to Si th
Street, from the west to Aberdeen Ave. and from the east to
Slide Road. The parking lot consists of two different areas on
the site. One is on the northwest and one is on the south of
the site. There is one small parking lot on the west side of
the building for ten cars for the employees of the House of
Worship.
The site slopes from the north to the south. The concept
of this House of Worship is openness and flexibility. The
building is open visually, socially, and structurally. The nia-
terials used for the building are concrete block, pre-cast con
crete and glass.
Carpet will floor the visitor's center and auditorium.
All around the auditorium from the floor to a height of twelve
feet will be marble. From the top of the marble to the skylight
will be plaster. The auditorium has nine doors, all of the sanie
size. Three of these doors open inside the visitor's center and
six doors open outside of the visitor's center around the audi
torium. All of the windows and doors are arch form and glossy
with steel frames.
The entire building is one story. The auditorium floor is
flat and basically all the walls are cerve form. Two entrance
doors from the east and west go to the visitor's center. Two
doors at the back of the visitor's center are just for those
people who work in the Bahai temple.
Underground will be found the mechanical room with two doors
connecting it to the outside. One door leads from the visitor's
center by stairs and another is just outside for cars by ramp.
The visitor's center area has two classrooms for teaching and
two rooms for storage close to the auditorium, one large and
another small. There are also two janitors' rooms in the vi
sitor's center, one located in the north and one in the south.
Lighting for the entire visitor's center are flourescent.
The mechanical system used is an all-air, single duct and
double duct system. The units will be zoned so that they will
only run when needed. All mechanical rooms have lowered vents
for fresh air intake.
Ducts for the visitor's center are run in the attic space
and dropped into the room from the ceiling. In the auditorium
space the ducts are run in the floor slab and rise up from the
floor to cool or heat the space. The auditorium is dome form
and the floor is slab with four inches of concrete. The building
and visitor's center will have a flat roof.
