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BAE SYSTEMS
Overview ofSystems Engineering
atBAE SYSTEMS & ALENIA MARCONI SYSTEMS
04/19/23/MS115-01
By
Leigh Watton
Friday 27th July 2001
BAE SYSTEMS
WOOLLY BIT
The Total Engineering Process Currently
Includes :
ProjectManager
CustomerWith Money
AndPerceived Need
CustomerWith
Expectation
Product
ManufactureDetail Design
The Woolly Bit
BAE SYSTEMS
The total complexity ofthe system exceeds
one person’s ‘Brainful’
ComplexityScaleWidth
BAE SYSTEMS
The Concept of Left Shift
BAE SYSTEMS
£Cost
ofChanges
Production Stage
specificationsdrawings
interface specstest specsschedule
procurement specspurchase orders
packagingtest equipment
toolingreviewing
design proving testsoperational trials
EMC testsenvironmental trials
cost estimatessimulation and modelling
component selectionreliability assessment
safety assessmentdesign certificates
pink wire modsconfiguration management
TimeDesign Stage
concept designplans/strategies
estimatesrequirements
analysis/modelling
Late Changes => Bigger Impact
BAE SYSTEMS
Systems Engineering Generic Activity Sequence (SEGAS)
RBD FBD SBD PD DD
Customer
AcceptanceTRRSRR FDR SDR PDR CDR
Imp T&I A&C
FCA
PCA
3A 3B 4 5,6,7
Typical Phase Review correspondencefor a development programme
BAE SYSTEMS
System / Sub-System Interaction
SYSTEMREQUIREMENTS
RBD FBD SBD PD DD P
INTEGOFSUB-SYS T&I A&C
FCAPCA
FULLTRR
PRELIMTRR
SUB-SYSTEMREQUIREMENTS
PDR CDR
HIGHER LEVEL CONTAINING SYSTEM DELIVERSYSTEM
SYSTEM
ImpM
SUB-SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
SRR FDR SDR PDR CDR
RBD FBD SBD PD DD P T&I
FCAPCASRR SDR PDR CDR
SUB/SYSTTRR
A&C
DELIVERSUB-SYSTEM
Imp
FDR
M
BAE SYSTEMS
The Basic RFS Loop
System Analysis& Control(Balance)
Requirements Loop
Design Loop
Verification
RequirementsAnalysis
Functional Analysisand Allocation
Design Synthesis
Process Input- Requirements
Process Output- System Architecture- Specs and Baseline
SystemAnalysis and
Control
BAE SYSTEMS
The Core Design Process - 1
R F
S
S = C + D
CustomerRequirements
System RequirementsSpecification
System RequirementsSpecification
System FunctionalStructure
System ResponseSpecification
Sub SystemRequirementsSpecifications
SystemAcceptance
Specification
Integration andTest Specifications
BAE SYSTEMS
The Core Design Process - 2
R F
Cust Req
Sys Req Spec
Sys Req Spec Sys Fun Struc
Sys Resp Spec
Sub Sys Req Specs
Sys Acc Spec
Int & Test Specs
Sys Req Spec
C D
Sys Fun Struc
Chosen Sol
BAE SYSTEMS
The Core Design Process - 3
R F
Cust Req
Sys Req Spec
Sys Req Spec
Sys Fun Struc
Sys Resp Spec
Sub Sys Req Specs
Sys Acc Spec
Int & Test Specs
Sys Req Spec
C D
Sys Fun Struc
Chosen Sol
Sol Concs
Sys Fun Struc
Concerns
Sol Concs
BAE SYSTEMS
• Concurrency reduces the risk all round
Bid
System Engineer/Design
Procure,Manufactureand Test
Deliver
Contract
Supra SystemEngineer
Research
Maintain
Operate
Train
Accept
ProcureSystem(s)
In Service Use(User)
Procure(Customer)
Develop System(Contractor)
AppliedResearch
RiskMitigation
Feedback
Support
Replace or Upgrade
The Product Lifecycle
BAE SYSTEMS
Design andSpecification
Manufacture Parts
Integrate and Test
TIMELEVEL
The ‘V’ Diagram
BAE SYSTEMS
The ‘V’ Diagram - cont
Tested andPartially-ProvenSystem
AcceptValidated Systemand Sub Systems
Customer Equipment andOperational Environment
Customer'sDevelopment
Activities
SystemEngineering
Activities
TrialsIntegrate withCustomer'sEquipment
Integrateand TestSystem
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
System Reqts Spec
Sub System Reqts Spec
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
TIMELEVEL
Customer Equipment andOperational Environment
BAE SYSTEMS
The ‘V’ Diagram - cont
Tested andPartially-ProvenSub System
Tested andPartially-ProvenSystem
AcceptValidated Systemand Sub Systems
Customer Equipment andOperational Environment
Customer'sDevelopment
Activities
SystemEngineering
Activities
Sub SystemEngineering
Activities
TrialsIntegrate withCustomer'sEquipment
Integrateand TestSystem
Integrateand Test
Sub Systems
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
Building Block Reqts Spec
System Reqts Spec
Sub System Reqts Spec
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
TIMELEVEL
Customer Equipment andOperational Environment
BAE SYSTEMS
The ‘V’ Diagram - cont
Detail Drawings and Plans
Tested andPartially-ProvenBuilding Blocks
Tested andPartially-ProvenSub System
Tested andPartially-ProvenSystem
AcceptValidated Systemand Sub Systems
Customer Equipment andOperational Environment
Customer'sDevelopment
Activities
SystemEngineering
Activities
Sub SystemEngineering
Activities
DesignBuildingBlocks Test
BuildingBlocks
TrialsIntegrate withCustomer'sEquipment
Integrateand TestSystem
Integrateand Test
Sub Systems
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
Building Block Reqts Spec
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
System Reqts Spec
Sub System Reqts Spec
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
TIMELEVEL
Customer Equipment andOperational Environment
BAE SYSTEMS
The ‘V’ Diagram - cont
Detail Drawings and Plans
BuildingBlocks
Tested andPartially-ProvenBuilding Blocks
Tested andPartially-ProvenSub System
Tested andPartially-ProvenSystem
AcceptValidated Systemand Sub Systems
Customer Equipment andOperational Environment
Customer'sDevelopment
Activities
SystemEngineering
Activities
Sub SystemEngineering
Activities
DesignBuildingBlocks
ProduceBuildingBlocks
TestBuildingBlocks
TrialsIntegrate withCustomer'sEquipment
Integrateand TestSystem
Integrateand Test
Sub Systems
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
Building Block Reqts Spec
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
System Reqts Spec
Sub System Reqts Spec
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
TIMELEVEL
BAE SYSTEMS
The smallest System shown is at 'Building Block' level (e.g. a circuit board),made up from 'Components'
Sub Systems
System
Sub Systems
Units
Building Blocks
Components
System Hierarchy
BAE SYSTEMS
Concurrency
Highly serial, very little concurrencyHighly concurrent
• The steepness of the “V” represents the level of concurrency
BAE SYSTEMS
Refined Drawingsand Test
Equipment
The ‘W’ Diagram - cont System Specification and Manufacture
Detail Drawings and Plans
AcceptValidated System
Customer Equipment andOperational Environment
Customer'sDevelopment
Activities
SystemEngineering
Activities
Sub SystemEngineering
Activities
DesignBuildingBlocks
TrialsIntegrate withCustomer'sEquipment
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
Response
Building Block Reqts Spec
System Reqts Spec
Sub System Reqts Spec
ProduceBuildingBlocks
TestBuildingBlocks
Integrateand TestSystem
Integrateand Test
Sub Systems
Specificationand Drawings
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
ResponseSpecificationand Drawings
TIMELEVEL
ProduceBuildingBlocks
TestBuildingBlocks
Integrateand TestSystem
Integrateand Test
Sub Systems
Specificationand Drawings
DE
VE
LOP
ME
NT
PR
OT
OT
YP
ES
PR
OD
UC
TIO
N
RefinedDrawings
and TestEquipment
RefinedDrawings
and TestEquipment
Refined Detail Drawings and Plans
ProductionAcceptance
DeliverSystems
BAE SYSTEMS
ProductionProduction
DevelopmentDevelopmentConceptDemonstrator
ConceptDemonstrator
In order to ‘gain hindsight’ early, a concept demonstrator is builtbefore main development, shown as a narrow V
The VW Diagram
BAE SYSTEMS
The Process Model and the ‘V’ Diagram
System EngineeringProcess Model
Waterfall ‘V’ DiagramProductHierarchy
Time
(process, product, time)
BAE SYSTEMS
System Engineering Process Models
‘V’ Diagram
It Applies at Each Level in the System Hierarchy
The Process Model is Recursive
BAE SYSTEMS
Prototype Systemand Support Equipment
Plans
Other EngineeringFunctions(ProjectManagement,Production,Sub Systems etc.)
StatedRequirements,AcceptanceAgreement
Support,Resources
Sub SystemSuppliers
Management Data,Agreed Requirements andacceptance criteria,Plans,Sub System Designs and Material,Design Proving Evidence,Design Certificate
Test Equipment Requirements, Plans
Test and Support
Equipment Suppliers
Customer
CompanyInfrastructure
Sub System Requirements,Plans
Plans,System DesignProcedures, Support,Management Data World
User(Higher LevelTests/Trials)
ConstraintsComplianceEvidence
Management Data,Agreed Requirements andacceptance criteria,Plans,System Design,Design Proving Evidence,Design Certificate
FacilitiesTest Records
PerformSystem
Engineering
Project
Management Data,Agreed Requirements andacceptance criteria,, Plans,Test and Support Equipment Designs and Material, Design Proving Evidence, Design Certificate
Notes1. The diagram is schematic only a few of the inputs and outputs are shown.2. Sub system suppliers may be internal or external to own company.3. The interface to sub system suppliers mirrors that with the customer and user when shown in detail.
Records
Support
System Engineering Context Diagram
BAE SYSTEMS
AC SECUREACCEPTANCE
ANDCERTIFICATION
SUB SYSTEMENGINEERING
ANDIMPLEMENTATION
T SUPPORTHIGHER LEVELTESTS (TRIALS)
SYSTEMTEST EQUIPMENT
PROVIDEIN
SERVICESUPPORT
ISS
E
ACCEPTANCE
PROVIDE SPECIALIST DESIGN SUPPORTSS
PERFORM SYSTEM ANALYSISA
HARMONISE SUB SYSTEMIMPLEMENTATIONSH
STARTFMANAGE SYSTEM ENGINEERINGM
DESIGN REVIEWS
CREATE CANDIDATESOLUTION CONCEPTS
C
A
PERFORMFUNCTIONAL
ANALYSIS
F
I INTEGRATEAND TESTSYSTEM
D DESIGN SYSTEMAND SPECIFY
SUB SYSTEMS
R DETERMINEREQUIREMENTS
SS
M
H
SE Process Model (Level 2)
BAE SYSTEMS
PerformFunctionalAnalysis
F
PerformSystem
Analysis
A
DetermineRequirements
R
MManageSystem
Engineering
CreateCandidateSolutionConcepts
ProvideSpecialist
DesignSupport
Integrate andTest System
Perform System Engineering
HarmoniseSub Systems
Implementations
SupportHigher LevelTests(Trials)
C SS I AC
Design Systemand Specify
Sub Systems
D H T
SecureAcceptance
andCertification
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2Provide
In ServiceSupport
ISS
Level 3
Level 4
BAE SYSTEMS
R
Specify andAgree SystemRequirements
Specify andAgree SystemAcceptance
Criteria
Determine Requirements
Preparefor R
CaptureRequirements
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
Identify required skillsand personnel
Select methodsand tools to managerequirements
Produce plan, workbreakdown, andprogramme
Produce costestimates
Establish pointsof contact withcustomer/userorganisation
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Define Supra Systemand interfaces
Define required functions(see F2)
Determinerequired performance
Determine constraintson the system
Determine supportrequirements
Determine cost,numbers and timescale
Determine customer’sselection criteria
Determine customer’srequirements forDesign Proving
Determine non customerrequirements
Collect and collaterequirement data
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
Analyse requirementsdata for completeness
Analyse functionalrequirements(see F2, F3)
Use modeling andsimulation to analyserequirements(see A)
Develop understandingof requirements
Explore impact ofnon-compliance
Refine requirements
Highlight risks
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
Determine requirementspecification format
Produce requirementspecification
Demonstrate traceabilityfrom higher levelspecifications
Review, agree andcontrol requirementspecification
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Determine conditionsfor acceptance
Identify customersupplied items
Produce systemacceptance specification
Review and agreesystem acceptancespecification
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
AnalyseRequirements