Bacterial pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection
www.entmags.org
Slide 3
Bacterial pneumonia is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical
exam, lab tests, or a chest x-ray patienteducationcenter.org
Slide 4
Over 90 serotypes Source: chori.org; The National Foundation
for Infectious Diseases Bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae
are the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia
Slide 5
Bacteria are spread by infected people or asymptomatic carriers
through coughing/sneezing
theeffectsofpovertyonhealth.weebly.com
Slide 6
Antibiotics are the most effective treatment Tetracyclines
Fluoroquinolones ukpharmacistonline.com Beta-lactams Macrolides
afprd.org tevagenerics.com
Slide 7
webpages.charter.net Drug resistant S. pneumoniae (DRSP)
started to be seen in the 1960s and is now prevalent worldwide
Slide 8
Boundless.com Resistance genes are usually acquired via
transformation
Slide 9
Lower respiratory infections were the leading cause of death in
low- income countries in 2012, and 99% of child pneumonia deaths
occur in those countries.
Slide 10
WHO Incidence of childhood clinical pneumonia at the country
level Global healthcare inequality is a major problem
Slide 11
Adequate nutrition and a healthy environment reduce the
incidence of disease and complications medicalxpress.com
ariatlas.org
Slide 12
Vaccination is the most effective type of prevention
Slide 13
The current polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) protects against 23
types of pneumococcal bacteria but does not induce effective immune
response in children younger than 2 years old uspharmacist.com
Slide 14
The conjugate vaccine (PCV13) works in younger children and
older adults uspharmacist.com drugtopics.modernmedicine.com
Slide 15
The Integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and
Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (GAPPD) aims to reduce deaths
from pneumonia to < 3 children/1000 live births by 2025
Slide 16
Recent Study involving S. pneumoniae September 18, 2014
researchers discover why bacterial pneumonia can increase risk of
heart problems Bacteria invade and kill heart cells Microlesions
caused by pneumolysin Image source: Science Daily/Dr. Carlos
Oriheula, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio
Slide 17
Works Cited AlonsoDeVelasco, E., Alexander F. M. Verheul, J.
Verhoef, and H. Snippe. "Streptococcus Pneumoniae: Virulence
Factors, Pathogenesis, and Vaccines." Microbiological Reviews 59.4
(1995): 591-603. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC239389/pdf/590591.pdf.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC239389/pdf/590591.pdf
"Bacterial Pneumonia: How Is It Treated?" AIDSmeds. Smart + Strong,
09 June 2009. Web. 09 Nov. 2014.
http://www.aidsmeds.com/articles/BacterialPneumonia_6705.shtml.
http://www.aidsmeds.com/articles/BacterialPneumonia_6705.shtml
Brown, Armand O., et. al. "Streptococcus Pneumoniae Translocates
into the Myocardium and Forms Unique Microlesions That Disrupt
Cardiac Function." PLOS Pathogens. PLOS, 18 Sept. 2014. Web. 09
Nov. 2014.
http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1004383.http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1004383
Campbell, G. Douglas, Jr., and Ronald Silberman. "Drug-Resistant
Streptococcus Pneumoniae." Clinical Infectious Diseases 26.5
(1998): 1188-195. Drug-Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Web. 04
Nov. 2014. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/5/1188.full.pdf
html.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/5/1188.full.pdf html
"GAPPD: Ending Preventable Child Deaths from Pneumonia and
Diarrhoea by 2025." WHO. World Health Organization, n.d. Web. 04
Nov. 2014.
http://www.who.int/woman_child_accountability/news/gappd_2013/en/.
http://www.who.int/woman_child_accountability/news/gappd_2013/en/
"Learn about Pneumonia: Facts, Figures and What You Can Do." World
Pneumonia Day. World Pneumonia Day, n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.
http://worldpneumoniaday.org/learn/.
http://worldpneumoniaday.org/learn/ "Pneumococcal Vaccination."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 18 Sept. 2014. Web. 03 Nov. 2014.
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/pneumo/default.htm?s_cid=cs_797.
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/pneumo/default.htm?s_cid=cs_797
"Pneumococcal Vaccines (PCV13 and PPSV23)." Ask the Experts:
Diseases & Vaccines. Immunization Action Coalition, 31 July
2014. Web. 03 Nov. 2014.
http://www.immunize.org/askexperts/experts_pneumococcal_vaccines.asp.
http://www.immunize.org/askexperts/experts_pneumococcal_vaccines.asp
"Pneumonia." WHO. World Health Organization, Nov. 2013. Web. 04
Nov. 2014.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs331/en/.http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs331/en/
Schiffman, George, MD. "Bacterial Pneumonia." EMedicineHealth.
WebMD, Inc., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2014.
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/bacterial_pneumonia/article_em.htm.
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/bacterial_pneumonia/article_em.htm
Schrag, Stephanie J., Bernard Beall, and Scott Dowell. "Resistant
Pneumococcal Infections." (2001): n. pag. World Health
Organization. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.
http://www.who.int/drugresistance/technicalguidance/en/resistantinfection.pdf.
http://www.who.int/drugresistance/technicalguidance/en/resistantinfection.pdf
"Scientists Spot How Bacterial Pneumonia Damages the Heart."
Consumer HealthDay. HealthDay, 19 Sept. 2014. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.
http://consumer.healthday.com/cardiovascular-health-information-20/heart-attack-management-and-prevention-news-365/scientists-spot-how-bacterial-pneumonia-
damages-the-heart-691911.html.
http://consumer.healthday.com/cardiovascular-health-information-20/heart-attack-management-and-prevention-news-365/scientists-spot-how-bacterial-pneumonia-
damages-the-heart-691911.html Tomasz, Alexander, Ph.D., ed.
Streptococcus Pneumoniae: Molecular Biology & Mechanisms of
Disease. Larchmont, NY: Mary Ann Liebert, 2000. Print.