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IN

TAP DRINKING WATERPresented by:

Tongbram Usharani Devi

M Sc.

Under the Supervision:

Dr. Indu Sharma

Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar

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Introduction 

Water is an indispensable

element in the maintenance

of all life form on Earth .

 Adequate supply of safe

drinking water is

prerequisites for a healthy

life, but waterborne disease

is a major cause of death in

many parts of the world.

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 Factors for water contamination:

Biologically- Microbes like viruses, protozoa or bacteriaPhysically- Thermal pollution

Chemically- Domestic waste, Agricultural, Municipal waste

etc. 

Biological Contaminants:

Drinking water must be free from pathogens like viruses,

protozoa or bacteria which may cause diseases such as

hepatitis, giardiasis, typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery,

cholera and many others.

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Coliform Bacteria

Enterobacteriaceae, gram-negative, non-spore forming,

oxidase-negative, rod-shaped facultative anaerobic

bacteria that ferment lactose to acid and gas within 24-48

hours at 36 ±2 ̊ c.

 A potential indicator for the presence of disease-causing

organisms may be in tap water. Health Effects:

Harmless, but presence is a sign for faecal pathogens, includingnon-coliform pathogens such as other forms of bacteria, viruses,

or protozoa.

 It may causes diarrhoea, cramps, nausea, jaundice, headaches,

fatigue and so on

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OBJECTIVES 

Isolation of coliform organisms from tap

drinking water.

Biochemical characterization of isolated

organism for identification.

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Biochemical tests 

Catalase test- (Bubble formation with Hydrogenperoxide)

Oxidase test- (Blue colour with oxidase disc)

Indole test- (Red Violet ring in Kovac’s reagent afterculturing in peptone water)

Methyl red test- (Red colour in Methyl red reagentafter culturing in peptone water)

Vogas-proskauer (VP) test- (Pink colour with VP

reagent I and II) Citrate test- (Blue colour in Simmon Citrate agar slant)

Triple sugar iron (TSI) test.

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BIOCHEMICAL TEST

TSI and Citrate Test  MR Test 

Microscopic

View: E.col i

Microscopic

View: Klebsiel la

sp.

Colony

Count

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The Biochemicaltest results confirm

the presence of

E.coli and Klebsiel la

sp. in the drinking

Tap water samples

collected and

shows thepercentage of

isolates.

52%

48%

Chart Title

E.Coli Klebsiella

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Discussion

In this study, the results showed that most testsamples were found the presence of coliformsbacteria in different CFU. MassCommunication

canteen’s  water got highest

coliforms (700 CFU) than other samples. So,most of the University canteen’s  water werecontaminated with coliform organisms andmay be health risk to the consumer.

Out of twenty seven isolates,14 (E. coli) and13 (Klebsiella sp)were detected by the help ofbiochemical tests.

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Conclusions

Out of twenty seven isolates, 14(E.coli ) and

13(Klebsiella sp) were found in the drinking tap

water.

These indicated that the proper measurementshould be taken or should be check carefully.

No single parameter can fill all the information

needs. So, Different parameters like source water

quality assessment, assessment of treatmentefficiency, monitored the quality of drinking water

leaving the treatment facility and in the distribution

system.

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THANK YOUFor your kind attention