Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    1/40

    Bacteria, Viruses, Prions, and

    Protists

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    2/40

    Bacteria

    Unicellular or Multicellular?

    Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

    Cells Walls?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    3/40

    Bacteria

    Unicellular

    Prokaryotes

    Cells walls containing peptidoglycan

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    4/40

    Bacteria

    Extremely Abundant

    Cover nearly every square centimeter of Earth

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://mmserver.cjp.com/images/image/2559081.jpg&imgrefurl=http://image.bloodline.net/stories/storyReader%241734&h=400&w=600&sz=24&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=5AwQN7OTp6_jBM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmicroorganisms%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den
  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    5/40

    What are the differencesbetween eubacteria and

    archaebacteria?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    6/40

    Eubacteria versus Archaebacteria

    Cell walls of Eubacteria havepeptidoglycans while those of

    Archaebacteria do not.

    DNA sequences of archaebacteria is moresimilar to that of eukaryotes than to theDNA of eubacteria

    Archaebacteria often live in very extremeenvironments (hot springs, digestivetracts, Great Salt Lake, etc.)

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    7/40

    Bacterial Shapes

    Bacilli: rod shaped

    Cocci: spherical

    Spirilla: spiral, corkscrew

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    8/40

    Cell Walls

    Gram positive: stain violet due to thick

    peptidoglycan walls

    Gram negative: stain pink/red, have much

    thinner walls inside lipid layer

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    9/40

    Metabolism

    Heterotrophs:

    Chemoheterotrophs: must take in organic

    molecules and a supply of carbon

    Photoheterotrophs: are photosynthetic but

    also need to take in organic molecules forcarbon source

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    10/40

    Metabolism

    Photoautotrophs: use light energy to makecarbon compounds

    Chemoautotrophs: use energy fromchemical reactions to make carboncompounds

    Where might each type of bacteria befound?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    11/40

    Binary Fission

    When a bacteriagrows so that ithas doubled insize, it replicates

    its DNA anddivides in half

    Is this sexual orasexual?

    Identical ordifferentdaughter cells?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    12/40

    Conjugation

    Some bacteria are able to exchange

    genetic information A hollow bridge forms between two

    bacteria and genes move from one cell to

    the other Increases genetic diversity of a population

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    13/40

    Conjugation

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    14/40

    Spore Formation

    Spores are formed when the bacteria

    produces a thick internal wall that

    encloses the DNA and part of the

    cytoplasm

    Why do you think this would be beneficial

    for bacteria?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    15/40

    Spore Formation

    Occurs when conditions are unfavorable

    for growth

    Can remain dormant for years until

    conditions improve

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    16/40

    Spore Formation

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    17/40

    What are some benefits of

    bacteria?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    18/40

    Benefits of Bacteria

    Some are producers that undergo

    photosynthesis

    Some are decomposers that break down

    dead matter to recycle the nutrients

    Some convert nitrogen gas to a form that

    can be used by plants (nitrogen fixation)

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    19/40

    What are some dangers of

    bacteria?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    20/40

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    21/40

    Vaccines

    A vaccine is a preparation of weakened or

    killed pathogens that are injected into the

    body

    This stimulates the body to produce

    immunity to the disease

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    22/40

    Vaccines

    Why do you think we dont vaccinate

    everyone for all disease we have created

    vaccines for?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    23/40

    Antibiotics

    Antibiotics block the growth andreproduction of bacteria

    Used to treat bacterial infections

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    24/40

    Solve the Problem

    What would you do to

    find out what causesthe tobacco leaves to

    be diseased?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    25/40

    Viruses

    A virus is a core of DNA or RNA

    surrounded by a protein coat (capsid)

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    26/40

    Viruses They can only reproduce by infecting living

    cells

    They enter a cell and use its cell

    machinery to produce more viruses

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    27/40

    Retroviruses

    Contain RNA as genetic information

    instead of DNA

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    28/40

    Would you consider viruses

    living?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    29/40

    Are Viruses Living?

    Cannot reproduce alone, must have a host

    cell

    Do not undergo growth or development

    Do not obtain or use energy

    Evolve

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    30/40

    Prions

    Diseases such as Scrapie (in sheep) and

    Mad Cow Disease are not caused bybacteria or viruses. What could cause

    them?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    31/40

    Prions

    Contain only protein

    Cause disease by forming protein clumps

    which then induce normal proteins to

    become Prions

    The build up eventually damages nerve

    tissue

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    32/40

    Protists

    Domain?

    Kingdom?

    Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    33/40

    Protists

    Domain: Eukarya

    Kingdom: Protists

    Eukaryotic

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    34/40

    Protists

    Protists are defined by what they are not.

    Protists are eukaryotes that are not animals,plants, or fungi.

    They were the first eukaryotic organisms onearth.

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    35/40

    Types of Protists

    Animal-Like Protists: heterotrophs

    Plant-Like Protists: produce food throughphotosynthesis

    Fungus-Like Protists: obtain food byexternal digestion

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    36/40

    Animal-Like Protists

    Heterotrophs

    cilliate

    Sarcodine

    (amoeba)

    sporozoan

    zooflagellate

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    37/40

    Animal-Like Protists

    Malaria

    African Sleeping Sickness

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    38/40

    Plant-Like Protists

    Carry out photosynthesis

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    39/40

    Fungus-Like Protists

    Grow in damp, nutrient rich environments

    Absorb food through cell membranes

  • 7/30/2019 Bacteria, Viruses, Protists, And Prions

    40/40

    Review!