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7/29/2019 Backhaul Technologies
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/backhaul-technologies 1/3
Mobile backhaul connections: Link the cell site BTS/NodeBs and the controller site BSC/RNCs
(cellular or WiMAX), including links throughhub points
• PDH: Standard copper and fiber PDH connection, at a speed of 1.5M-2.0M (or multiplexed
together into T3/E3/J3 at 34M-45M), not using IP/Ethernet equipment
• ATM over PDH: ATM over 1 or more PDH circuits, including use of IMA; includes T1/E1/J1 and
T3/E3/J3
• SONET/SDH and WDM: Standard SONET, SDH, or WDM connection
• Ethernet copper: Copper connections using Ethernet as the transmission medium via IP/Ethernet
equipment, includes Ethernet used to transportIP/MPLS/pseudowire protocols
• Ethernet fiber: Fiber connections using Ethernet as the transmission medium via IP/Ethernet
equipment, includes Ethernet used to transport IP/MPLS/pseudowire protocols
• DSL: Copper connection using any standard version of DSL
• PON: Fiber connection using any standard version of PON
• Coax cable: Connection using standard Hybrid Fiber Cable (HFC) plant
• Microwave radio: Wireless radio connection using microwave of any frequency, licensed or
unlicensed, including millimeter wave
• Ethernet: Transmission uses Ethernet protocol; includes Ethernet microwave and the Ethernet part
of Dual TDM/ Ethernet microwave
• TDM: Transmission uses PDH or SDH protocol; includes TDM microwave and the TDM part of Dual
TDM/Ethernet microwave
• WiMAX: Wireless radio connection using fixed and mobile WiMAX
• Satellite: Wireless connection using satellite technology
• IP mobile backhaul connections: The portion of the installed base of backhaul connections that
use IP protocol; includes Ethernet copper and fiber, DSL, PON, coax cable, Ethernet microwave, and
WiMAX
• Pseudowire enabled connections: IP connections using IETF PWE3 pseudowire technology
• Not pseudowire enabled connections: IP connections not using IETF PWE3 pseudowire technology
• Copper: PDH, Ethernet copper, DSL, coaxial cable
• Fiber: PDH, SDH, Ethernet fiber, PON
• Air: Any of microwave, WiMAX, satellite
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c at e g o ry d e f i n i t i o n s
Mobile backhaul equipment: Used for transporting mobile traffic (cellular and WiMAX) between the
cell site BTS/NodeB and the controller site BSC/RNCs, including equipment used in hub points
• PDH NIU: Standard copper and fiber PDH NIU (network interface unit) at a speed of T1/E1/J1 (or
1.5M-2.0M), or multiplexed together into T3/E3/J3 at 34M-45M; does not use IP/Ethernet equipment
• ATM terminals, cell site, gateways, and switches: Includes ATM terminals and ATM cell site
gateways with PDH ports and IMA capabilities; includes ATM over T1/E1/J1 and T3/E3/J3; does not
include Ethernet cell site gateways or IP routers with ATM capability (these are counted in
Ethernet cell site gateways and routers)
• SONET/SDH and WDM: Includes standard SONET or SDH terminals, ADMs, and switches; includes
MSPPs; metro WDM transport equipment
• Ethernet cell site gateways and MBH routers: Designed for cell site use or for mobile backhaul traffic
aggregation, with Ethernet interfaces for copper and/or fiber; may include ATM capability
• Cell site gateways: Have Ethernet interfaces for copper and/or fiber; includes Ethernet switches and
EADs (Ethernet access devices)
• Copper only: Have Ethernet interfaces for copper NxT1/E1/J, NxT3/E3/J3, or EFM bonded copper;
includes EFM bonded copper EADs and PDH bonded circuits EADs
• Fiber: Have Ethernet fiber interfaces and may have copper interfaces ; includes CES and fiber EADs
• MBH routers: IP edge routers with Ethernet interfaces for copper and/or fiber
• DSL modems and DSLAMs: Includes DSL modems and DSLAMs using any DSL type
• EPON/GPON: Includes ONTs and OLTs using EPON or GPON
• Coax cable modems and CMTS: Includes data-only cable interfaces that support standard,
unbonded ports or wideband, bonded ports, and CMTS, which aggregate and terminate cable lines
deployed at cable operator headends
• Microwave radio: Wireless radio equipment using microwave of any frequency, licensed or
unlicensed; includes millimeter wave
• TDM: Radio transmitters/receivers that send/receive microwave signals using TDM (PDH or SDH)
as the transmission protocol; cannot operateusing Ethernet
• Dual Ethernet/TDM equipment: Radio transmitters/receivers that send/receive packet microwave
signals using packet Ethernet as the transmission protocol; may also operate using PDH/SDH (dual
mode radios)
• Ethernet equipment: Radio transmitters/receivers that send/receive packet microwave signals using
packet Ethernet as the transmission protocol (not Ethernet over PDH or SDH)
• WiMAX base stations: Includes WiMAX 802.16 standard and pre-standard base stations
• Satellite modems and routers: Modems and routers that connect a base station to a VSAT or a
VSAT to a BSC; includes VSATs
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• IP mobile backhaul equipment: Equipment that uses the IP protocol; includes Ethernet copper and
fiber, DSL, PON, coax cable, Ethernet microwave, and WiMAX
• Pseudowire enabled: The portion of IP equipment supporting IETF PWE3 pseudowire technology
• Not pseudowire enabled: The portion of IP equipment not support ing IETF PWE3 pseudowire
technology