Bab 3 - Behavioris

8/20/2019 Bab 3 - Behavioris

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Pendekatan Pembelajaran:

Teori Behaviorisme


2/13

“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specied world to bringthem up in and I'll guarantee to take any oneat random and train him to become any type

of specialist I might select -- doctor, lawyer,artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents,

penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations,and race of his ancestors“

(John Watson, Behaviorism, 1930)


3/13

Pengenalan

Apakah pembelajaran dlm konteks BEHAVIORISME ?

Pembelajaran adalah perubahan tingkah laku angberlaku dalam diri indi!idu hasil drp pengalamanna

Proses pembelajaran bermula sejak dilahirkan hggake akhir haat " pembelajaran dan pertumbuhanadalah saling berkait dan sukar dibe#akan

$eori beha!iorisme mem%okus kepada t&laku manusia

ang boleh dilihat dan diukur


4/13

Andaian tentang manusia

i' Persekitaran adalah asas utk memahami manusia'Persekitaran men(orakkan sejauh mana manusiaakan bertingkah laku'

ii' $&laku manusia dika)al dan ditentukan oleh peristi)a

ang berlaku dalam persekitaranna

iii' Personaliti manusia terhasil drp kesan tingkah lakuditunjukkan' $&laku g mendapat peneguhan akandiulangi lagi dan sebalikna


5/13

Samb..

i!' Setiap gerak balas& respon oleh manusia dipelajaridrp masarakat sekelilingna g membolehkan kitabertindak balas dlm situasi persekitaran g samaatau hampir sama'

!' $&laku manusia sama ada baik atau tidak adalahdipelajari " manusia boleh menghapuskan ataumembetulkan semua tingkah laku ang tidak sesuai


6/13

$eori

Beha!iorisme

Pela#iman *lasik

" I'V' Pa!lo!

" +'B' ,atson

Pela#iman Operan

" E'-$horndike

" B'.' Skinner

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Classical%20Conditioning%20%5Bcc%5D.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Classical%20Conditioning%20%5Bcc%5D.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/An%20example%20of%20a%20Skinner%20Box.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/An%20example%20of%20a%20Skinner%20Box.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/An%20example%20of%20a%20Skinner%20Box.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/An%20example%20of%20a%20Skinner%20Box.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/An%20example%20of%20a%20Skinner%20Box.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Classical%20Conditioning%20%5Bcc%5D.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Classical%20Conditioning%20%5Bcc%5D.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Classical%20Conditioning%20%5Bcc%5D.mp4


7/13

PELAZIMAN KLAIK!"erasi dan res"on digabungkan

untuk hasilkan t#laku

e$% : lo&eng ' makanan ( air liur


8/13

Pela)iman

!"eran *Thorndike+

Hukum*esediaan

Stimulus mantap maka

indi!idu berpuas hatidgn t&laku

Hukum -atihanSemakin sering t&laku

dilatih semakin tinggirespon

Hukum *esan

Respon bergantungkepada akibat

/menenangkan &melemahkan0

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Thorndike%20Puzzle%20Box%20-%20Psychology%20Experiment.mp4


9/13

Pela)iman !"eran *kinner+

Peneguhan

Positi%

Peneguhan1egati%

HukumanPositi%

Hukuman1egati%

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Learning-%20Negative%20Reinforcement%20vs.%20Punishment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Learning-%20Negative%20Reinforcement%20vs.%20Punishment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Learning-%20Negative%20Reinforcement%20vs.%20Punishment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Learning-%20Negative%20Reinforcement%20vs.%20Punishment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Learning-%20Negative%20Reinforcement%20vs.%20Punishment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Learning-%20Negative%20Reinforcement%20vs.%20Punishment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Learning-%20Negative%20Reinforcement%20vs.%20Punishment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Learning-%20Negative%20Reinforcement%20vs.%20Punishment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Learning-%20Negative%20Reinforcement%20vs.%20Punishment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Learning-%20Negative%20Reinforcement%20vs.%20Punishment.mp4http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Learning-%20Negative%20Reinforcement%20vs.%20Punishment.mp4


10/13

Andaian tentang t#laku tidak berkesan

i' $&laku tidak berkesan adalah t&laku 2kebiasaan negati% atau t&laku ang tdk tepat3atau tdk sesuai dgn tuntutan persekitaran'

ii' $&laku ang salah pada hakikatna terbentukdari (ara belajar atau persekitaran angsalah'

iii' Manusia ang bermasalah mempunaike(enderungan memberi respon ataubert&laku negati% dlm persekitaranna' $&lakutdk e%ekti% juga terjadi krn manusia salah%aham menanggapi persekitaran dgn tepat


11/13

i!' Seluruh tingkah laku manusia diperolehidengan (ara belajar4 oleh itu t&laku tdke%ekti% blh diubah dgn menggunakanprinsip5 belajar'

** Mengikut penekatan pembe!a"aran, tingkah!aku #ang e$ekti$ (aapti$) an tiak e$ekti$(ma!aaptive) ipe!a"ari an bo!eh ikurangkan,ihapuskan, an iganti engan tingkah !aku

#ang iingini **


12/13

esi Perkongsian


13/13

trategi Menangani Tingkah Laku Tidak

E,ekti, Sistematik desensitisasiModi%ikasi t&laku%!ooing-atihan relaksasi-atihan a!ersi%

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Bab 3 - Behavioris