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Revolutionary War Chapter 4 Sections 2-4 SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution. a. Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources of the Declaration of Independence; include the writing of John Locke and the role of Thomas Jefferson. b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the Marquis de Lafayette. c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader; include the creation of a professional military and the life of a common soldier, and describe the significance of the crossing of the Delaware River and Valley Forge. d. Explain the role of geography at the Battle of Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis, and the Treaty of Paris, 1783.
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BA 8/13 In a paragraph, explain what this sentence means
to you and if you agree with it:
“We hold these truths to be obvious, that all men are created equal, that they are granted by their Creator with certain guaranteed Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
Since you are writing a paragraph, you do NOT have to write the question!!
Revolutionary WarChapter 4 Sections 2-4
SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.
a. Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources of the Declaration of Independence; include the writing of John Locke and the role of
Thomas Jefferson.
b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the Marquis de Lafayette.
c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader; include the creation of a professional military and the life of a common soldier, and describe the significance of the crossing of the Delaware River and Valley Forge.
d. Explain the role of geography at the Battle of Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis, and the Treaty of Paris, 1783.
Declaration of Independence 1776: Continental Congress decides to break
away from Britain “These United Colonies are, and of a right ought
to be, free and independent States”
Continental Congress appoints committee to prepare formal declaration explaining reasons for colonies’ actions
Thomas Jefferson chosen to write Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
Heming and Jefferson descendants 2001
Thomas Jefferson Wrote Declaration using philosophy of John Locke
3 beliefs of Locke:
1. People enjoy “natural rights” to life, liberty, & property Jefferson: Life, Liberty, & the Pursuit of Happiness
2. Government granted power from people they govern
3. People can alter or eliminate any government that threatens individual rights
Colonists: King George III violated American rights
Declaration of Independence continued Declaration states: “all men are created equal”
Meant free, male citizens
Did not include women, Native Americans, & slaves
July 4, 1776: colonies unanimously adopt Declaration of Independence & break from England Leads to Revolutionary War
Revolutionary War Not all colonists want to break free from Britain
Colonists split into 2 groups:
1. Loyalists: favor King & don’t want to break free
2. Patriots: want American independence & join the Continental Army Ex: Sons & Daughters of Liberty
Many thought war wouldn’t last long 2.5 million colonists vs. 10 million powerful British
England had world’s best army & navy Lots of money, troops, & boats
General George Washington
General George Washington Commander of Continental Army
Stood 6’2” tall
Excelled at turning discouraged men into fighting troops
Fought with troops on front line, lived in same awful conditions, and suffered with his soldiers
BA 8/141. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
2. What were Locke’s 3 beliefs used in the Declaration of Independence?
3. What date represents the signing of the Declaration?
4. Who was commander of the Continental Army?
5. Describe conditions at Valley Forge. (3rd Block)
Valley Forge Continental Army’s winter camp
Outside Philadelphia, PA
Home to troops when British took control of PA
Little supplies, food, & housing Poorly dressed and underfed patriots freezing in
snow covered huts
Valley Forge continued
Soldiers suffered from hypothermia & frostbite 2,500 deaths and many limbs amputated
Low point of war for Washington & troops Many deaths and desertion
Albigense Waldo at Valley Forge
“Here comes a bowl of beef soup full of dead leaves and dirt. There comes a soldier. His bare feet are seen through his worn-out shoes-his legs nearly naked from the tattered remains of an only pair of stocking-his Breeches (pants) are not sufficient to cover his nakedness-his shirt hanging in strings-his hair disheveled-his face meager.”
Crossing the Delaware 5 months into war, Washington & Continental Army
badly losing war
Only 8,000 of 23,000 troops remained Patriots losing hope & think about quitting
Washington plans surprise attack to boost troops’ hopes
December 25, 1776, Washington leads 2,400 men in small rowboats across freezing Delaware River to Trenton, NJ After landing, march in night 9 miles through snow and sleet
Crossing the Delaware Trenton: 1000 German mercenaries
protecting British fort Mercenary: soldier who fights for money
Washington gets first Patriot victory in war Kills 30, captures 918, and gains 6 cannons
Result: Boosts troop morale & they continue fighting
Washington crossing DE
French Alliance France still angry after losing French-Indian
War Secretly sending weapons to Patriots since 1776
Wants to humiliate England
1778: France creates alliance with Americans Due to Benjamin Franklin’s meeting in France
Offer troops, supplies, weapons, & military training
French Alliance
French commanders turn Patriots into a professional army Stand at attention, execute field maneuvers, fire &
reload quickly, and use bayonets
Patriots grow stronger with help of Marquis de Lafayette
Von Steuben
Marquis de Lafayette
Marquis de Lafayette
French aristocrat who volunteers to help train Continental Army
Importance of Lafayette:
1. Helps Washington plan attacks
2. Pushes France for more reinforcements
Lord Cornwallis British general who attacks southern colonies
More Loyalists in South than North
Leads army of Redcoats (British troops) and 1000s of runaway slaves British promised freedom to all slaves if England
won
Cornwallis captures much of south
Lord Cornwallis
Battle of Yorktown Yorktown: peninsula located in Virginia
Cornwallis wants to build camp in Yorktown & take over VA
At same time, French reinforcements arrive in RI 6,000 troops and 30 naval ships
Battle of Yorktown continued Lafayette suggests French & US troops
attack Cornwallis at Yorktown
Washington and Lafayette surround Cornwallis and British troops British forced to surrender
Result: Americans win Revolutionary War
Naval assistance
Siege of Yorktown
Treaty of Paris 1783 Peace talks after Revolutionary War
Includes United States, Great Britain, France, and Spain
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, & John Jay sent to negotiate treaty for US
3 Effects of 1783 Treaty
1. US granted independence
2. US gains all land east of Mississippi River & from Maine to Georgia
3. British businesses receive money owed
4. Loyalists able to sue for lost property