War for Independence

Words to Know

• French and Indian War

• World War

• Proclamation of 1763

• Stamp Act

• Boston Massacre

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French and Indian War

World War

Proclamation of 1763

Stamp Act

Boston Massacre

The American Revolution

France and Spain Join the

War

The United States wins!

BEFORE French and Indian War AFTER French and Indian War

What country was driven out of Canada and their territorieswest of the Appalachian Mountains after losing the French and Indian War?

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

• Why would the French and Indian War be considered the “First” World War?

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French and Indian War

World War

The BritishProclamation of 1763 prohibited settlementwest of what mountainchain?

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French and Indian War

World War

Proclamation of 1763

ANSWER!

Legal Documents in the colonies

(Notice the “stamps” below that were required on paper products such as marriage licenses)

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French and Indian War

World War

Proclamation of 1763

Stamp Act

According to thisengraving by Paul Revere, who was to blame for the Boston Massacre?

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French and Indian War

World War

Proclamation of 1763

Stamp Act

Boston Massacre

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

• Other than open protests in the streets, what other methods of protest could the colonists use?

What British tax are colonists protesting in this painting?

The shot heard round the world..

“By the rude bridge that arched the flood,

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled;

Here once the embattled farmers stood;

And fired the shot heard round the world.”

~ Ralph Waldo Emerson, Concord Hymn

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French and Indian War

World War

Proclamation of 1763

Stamp Act

Boston Massacre

The American Revolution

Lexington and Concord

• Two brief skirmishes in April of 1775

• British were trying to capture ammo and Patriot leaders outside of Boston.

• Minutemen fought for the patriots.

• Marks the beginning of the Revolutionary War.

Battle of Bunker Hill

• British General Gage in Boston orders three waves of attack.

• Colonial Army held high ground on two hills.

• Colonists lose the battle, but show they can fight! – Colonials kill almost 50% of British soldiers– British only kill & wound 400!

• Eventually, colonials bombard Brits out of Boston.

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

• Why did the British wear bright red coats in combat?

Retreat form New York

• General Howe reappears in NYC

• Washington’s troops are inexperienced , poorly trained, and poorly equipped.

• Howe captures the city, and holds it for the remainder for the war.

• Things look bad for the colonial rebels…

• Members of Congress flee Philadelphia.

Thomas Paine’s The Crisis• “These are the time that try men’s souls. The

summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink form the service of their country; but he that stands it NOW, serves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like h***, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.”

Trenton and Princeton

• GW launches a surprise attacks against Trenton and Princeton in Dec 1776/Jan 1777.

• Both attacks successful.

• While of little strategic importance, these battles boosted Patriot morale and gained the patriots more supporters and soldiers.

Washington’s Strategy

• Keep an army in the field, and survive to fight another day!– He avoids situations

that might destroy his army.

– His leadership kept army together even when defeat seemed inevitable.

All about the Benjamin (Franklin)

• Continental Congress sends Franklin to Paris to work for an alliance.

• France sends money and supplies in secret, but no public support.

• After Saratoga, Franklin signs a Treaty of Alliance with France.

Battle of Saratoga

• British seek to cut off New England from colonies.

• Colonial General Horatio Gates defeats large British force at Saratoga.

• Convinces the French that colonials have a chance to win.

• French become open allies!

Other Allies

• Spain, Netherlands join after France.– Why would these countries become allies?

• Other nation’s citizens fight:– France: Marquis de Lafayette– Spain: Bernardo de Galvez– Germany: Johann de Kalb

Baron Friedrich von Steuben– Poland: Thaddeus Kosciusko

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

• Why would the French and the Spanish join the American Revolution?

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French and Indian War

World War

Proclamation of 1763

Stamp Act

Boston Massacre

The American Revolution

France and Spain Join the

War

Battle of Yorktown

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

• Huge force under British General Cornwallis is trapped on a peninsula, backed up against water.

• French Navy blockades York River– British cannot re-supply or escape.

• French and Colonial troops surround town.– After several small battles, Cornwallis surrenders.– The last major battle of the war.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

• Ends the Revolutionary War.

• Britain recognizes the United States as an independent nation.

• Sets the borders of the United States.

• Congress agrees American loyalists will have property restored– Americans ignore this order.

Graphic Organizer

French and Indian War

World War

Proclamation of 1763

Stamp Act

Boston Massacre

The American Revolution

France and Spain Join the

War

The United States wins!

Impact of the War

• Idea of liberty spreads throughout the world, leading to revolutions ever since.

• This was a radical concept in a world that long accepted the idea of human inequality.

• In the US, only white males gain true freedom.– However, seeds of change are planted for women,

and slaves.– Indians make out terrible, pushed farther west.

Learning Log

• Today I learned… (at least one paragraph)